51
U.S. Presidents 1952-2007

U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

U.S. Presidents

1952-2007

Page 2: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Living Presidents

Page 3: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Page 4: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

President Eisenhower

• 1952-1960

• Republican

• Commander of the Allied forces in World War II

Page 5: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Domestic Policies

• Eisenhower attempts to cut back on Federal government size and spending

• Eisenhower prosperity and consumer spending

Page 6: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Baby Boom

• Baby Boom - Population explosion occurred after the war - 1946-1964

• 25 million children born (1945 – 1960)

• Boom leads to an increase in housing and the growth of suburbs

Page 7: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Transportation

• The Highway Act 1956 provides funding for a 44,000 mile network of interstate highways

Page 8: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Television

• Television became the leading form of popular entertainment

Page 9: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Renewed struggle for Civil Rights

• Brown v. Bd. Of Education – ends segregation

• Little Rock –sends in the National Guard to enforce integration

Page 10: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy

• Continues the policy of Containment

Page 11: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Foreign Policy in the Middle East

• Eisenhower Doctrine- the U.S. pledged to help Middle Eastern countries resist communism

Page 12: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy

• “Massive Retaliation”

• U.S. would consider nuclear weapons to halt aggression

Arms Race begins

Page 13: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Policies of Eisenhower

• Brinkmanship • The U.S. must be

ready to go “to the brink of war” in order to preserve the peace

Page 14: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Sputnik

• Soviet Union successfully launces Sputnik which starts a space race.

Page 15: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Changing relations with the U.S.S.R.

• Peaceful Coexistence

• Change of leadership in the Soviet Union marks an easing of tensions between the superpowers

Eisenhower and Khrushchev

Page 16: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

The U-2 incident

• U-2 Incident – Soviets shoot down an American Spy plane

• Soviets demand an apology; U.S. refuses

Page 17: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

John F. Kennedy

• 1960-63

• Democratic Senator from MA

• Youngest elected president

• First Catholic President

• Assassinated Nov.22, 1963

Page 18: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Domestic Policies• “New Frontier”…

• Aid to education, federal support of health care, urban renewal and civil rights

• Spending for defense & space exploration (committed to a moon landing)!!

• Began the Peace Corps

Page 19: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Foreign Policy

• Containment:

• Alliance for Progress (economic development in Latin America)

• Berlin Wall is built after Kennedy refused to pull US troops out of West Berlin

• Involvement in Vietnam

Page 20: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Cuba

• Bay of Pigs

• Failed revolution to overthrow Castro & his communist regime (failed)

• Cuban Missile Crisis

• Soviet missiles in Cuba threaten U.S.

• U.S. blockade works to stop threat of attack by the Soviets

Soviet Medium Range Missile

Launch sites in Cuba taken from a US spy plane

Castro

Page 21: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Lyndon Johnson• 1963-1968

• Democratic senator from Texas

Page 22: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Domestic policy• War on Poverty - $ for

head start, literacy training, vocational ed.), EOE Act

• Great Society Reforms - $ for Medicare, Medicaid, to poor school districts, arts, higher education, public housing, crime prevention, environment & automobile regulation.

Page 23: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Domestic Policy• Civil Rights Act of

1964 & 1965

• -made segregation illegal

• Enforced desegregation in schools

• EOE Act

• 24th Amend. - abolish poll tax

• Voting Rights Act - ends literacy tests

Page 24: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Foreign Policy• Escalation of the War in

Vietnam

• GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION - gave the Pres. Power to attack an enemy & prevent future aggression

• Tet Offensive - Vietcong launch all-out surprise attack on South Vietnam

Page 25: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Richard M. Nixon

• Republican

• 1968 - 1974

Page 26: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Nixon’s Domestic Policies

• New Federalism (revenue sharing) - shift social programs from federal to state levels (ex. welfare)

• Stagflation - slow economic growth & inflation

• 90 day wage & price freeze, 10% tax on imports (tariff)

• Increase Social Security benefits

• Voting Age lowered to 18 (26th Amendment)

Page 27: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Domestic Policies• Roe v. Wade (pro-abortion

ruling)

• Watergate Scandal leads to Nixon’s resignation

• War Powers Act - Congress had to approve any military action lasting more than 60 days. (reverses Gulf of Tonkin)

“I am not a crook” - President Nixon

Page 28: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Nixon’s Foreign Policy

• “Vietnamization” - gradually withdrawal troops from Vietnam543,000 troops in 1969300,000 troops in 1972

Page 29: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Foreign Policy

• Nixon Doctrine - Asian allies receive $ but not ground support

• Paris Peace Accords - armistice & cease-fire in Vietnam

• Détente - reduction of Cold War tensions

• SALT I - strategic arms limitations talks (reduce arms buildup in US & Soviet Union)

Page 30: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Gerald Ford

• Republican from Michigan

• 1974 - 1976

• Only President to never be elected to the Presidency or Vice-Presidency

• Granted a full pardon to Nixon in his first month of office

President Ford & First Lady Betty Ford

Page 31: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Ford’s Domestic Policies

• Fiscally conservative

• Lower Inflation (WIN)

• Economy marked by stagflation

• High Unemployment 9%

• Pardoned Nixon & offered amnesty to men who avoided military service during Vietnam

Page 32: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Ford’s Foreign Policies

• Saigon Falls, Rest of Vietnam falls to Communism (1975)

• Continue détente w/ Soviets

• Withdrew last troops from Vietnam

Page 33: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

James Carter

• Democrat from Georgia

• 1976 - 1981

• Vice President: Walter Mondale

Page 34: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Carter’s Domestic Policies• Stop Inflation (up 13%)

• Began EPA (environmental protection agency)

• Oil Shortages

• 3 Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant accident (Carter supported nuclear energy as an alternative to oil and coal).

• Tried to pass the Equal Rights Amendment (failed when it went to the states for approval)

Page 35: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Carter’s Foreign Policies• Human Rights (stop

apartheid)

• Panama Canal Treaty - give canal to Panamanians

• Camp David Accords - peace settlement between Egypt & Israel

• Iran Hostage Crisis

• Soviet invasion of Afghanistan to control Persian Gulf

• SALT II

• Helinski Accords - Carter would withhold aid from nations who violated human rights.

Hostage Crisis

Page 36: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Modern Presidents 1980-2016

Page 37: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

President Ronald Reagan

• Republican

• 1980 - 1988

• Vice President - George Bush

Page 38: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Reagan’s Domestic Policies

• Reaganomics / Trickle Down or Supply Side Economics

• Tax cuts for big business & wealthy would benefit everyone.

• Control Inflation

• Control illegal immigration

• Balanced Budget (made deep cuts in federal spending)

Page 39: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Reagan’s Foreign Policy

• Increase military spending

• Star Wars (intercept soviet missiles)

• Containment in Central America (El Salvador, Nicaragua, Grenada)

• Iran-Contra Affair

• Questioned détente??

Page 40: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

George Bush

• Republican

• 1988 - 1992

• Only served one term

Page 41: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Bush’s Domestic Policy

• Increased Taxes

• Rising Unemployment

• Recession

• Urban Violence (LA Riots)

Page 42: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Bush’s Foreign Policies

• Invasion of Panama to capture famous drug lord Manuel Noriega

• Persian Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm) - Iraq invades oil rich Kuwait. US sends in troops

Page 43: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Bill Clinton

• Democrat

• 1992 - 2000

• Vice President - Albert Gore

Page 44: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Clinton’s Domestic Policies

• Gays in the military

• Health Care Reform

• Revising Social Security (the graying of America)

• Impeachment

• Economic growth and prosperity

Page 45: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Clinton’s Foreign Policies

• North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

• War in Bosnia (US tries to stop the ethnic cleansing)

• Involvement in Kosovo (Serbs were massacring Albanians)

• NATO expansion (Poland, Czech Republic & Hungary become members).

Page 46: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

George W. Bush• Republican

• 2000 - present

• Vice - President - Dick Cheney

Page 47: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Bush’s Domestic Policies

• Education Reform - No Child Left Behind Act

• Tax Cuts (to jump start the economy)

• Social Security Reform

• Revision of Health Care

• Dept. of Homeland Security

• High gas prices

• Hurricane Katrina

Page 48: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Bush’s Foreign Policies

• War on Terror

• War in Iraq

• Capture of Saddam Hussein

• Nuclear weapons in North Korea and Iran

Page 49: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Barack Obama

• 2008 – Present

• First African-American President

• Vice President

• Joe Biden

Page 50: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Domestic Policy

• Health Care – Obama Care

• Bailouts – GM

• Economic Stimulus package

Page 51: U.S. Presidents 1952-2007. Living Presidents Cold War Presidents 1952-1980

Foreign Policy

• End to military presence in Iraq and Afganistan

• Capture/Death of Osama bin Laden