US Imperialism• Before the Civil War, the US’s foreign policy

was Isolationism.• After the Civil War, the US began to extend

its control over weaker areas such as: Central America, The Caribbean, South America and the South Pacific.

• Imperialism-stronger nation controlling a weaker nation-economically, politically, militarily.

Reasons for US Imperialism• Industrial Revolution-need for raw materials

to make goods, new markets to sell goods.• Closure of the Frontier-by 1890 the US had

expanded from Atlantic-Pacific. • Examples set by Europeans-Britain and

France built empires by acquiring new lands. Both had STRONG NAVIES.

• Nationalism-building an empire would increase pride for citizens.

Alaska• Purchased from Russia for $7.2m. 1867• Known as Seward’s Folly-deal made by Sec.

of State William Seward-criticized-need??• Natural Resources-Get Russia out of North

America. It became a state in• 1959

Alaska

Hawaii• Acquired by overthrowing nationalist Queen

Liliuokalani in 1893.• She wanted to kick foreign corporations out

such as the American owned Dole Fruit Company.

• Islands were seen as useful for military bases and trade with China.

• It became a state in 1959

Queen Liliuokalani

McKinley begins an American Empire

Spanish American War 1898

Yellow Journalism

Battle Ship Maine

Rough Riders

The Spanish American War 1898

• The results of this war are:• US acquired new territories from Spain– Puerto Rico – Guam-trade w/China-military base– The Philippines-trade w/China-military base

The US now had an empire!! No More Isolationism.

US Imperialism

South East Asia

“Our little brown brothers are unfit to govern themselves”

Emilio AguinaldoFilipino who rebels against US for

keeping Philippines as a possession.

TR becomes president when McKinley is assassinated. TR wanted the US to

become an empire.

Roosevelt Corollary-US became the Policeman of the W. Hemisphere

TR’s Big Stick PolicyUsing the Navy to attain foreign

policy goals

Naval Superiority

• After the Civil War warships were falling apart. • Naval officials and business interests

convinced Congress to build modern steam-powered, steel hulled ships to protect overseas – Major official with this view was Admiral Thayer Mahan.

• 1881-Naval Advisory Board was est

Great White Fleet 1907-1909To show the Japanese our power

Russo-Japanese War

• Rivalry between Russia and Japan

• Japan wanted to become a modern government looked to expand into China – put itself in competition with Russia

Russo-Japanese War

1904 – Japan attacks Russia in Manchuria- brutal fighting conditions because of

wintersboth sides wanted to stop by 1905

TR invites delegation to US to negotiate peace

Treaty of Portsmouth

• Japan recognized as the winner

• Manchuria to Russia and Korea to Japan

• No war reparations• Open Door policy

continued in China• Teddy wins Noble Peace

Prize

US-Japan

• Strained relations between Japan and US• Korea-Philippine Agreement• Gentlemen’s Agreement and segregation in

S.F.• Roosevelt’s use of the Great White Fleet

Open Door Policy

• John Hay

$$Dollar Diplomacy$$

• Taft’s foreign policy encouraged US businesses to invest in foreign nations w/promise that gov’t would protect these investments.

Taft and Dollar Diplomacy

• Encouraged investments in underdeveloped regions: East Asia and Latin America

• Encouraged bankers to invest in areas strategic to US (Panama Canal zone)

• Chaos in Latin America (lots of revolutions) – US wanted to keep out foreign countries

• Policy doesn’t work

Wilson and Mexico

• 1911- US gets involved with Mexican Civil War – tried to support democracy and worried about German influence in Mexico

• 1915 - Mexican rebels lead by Pancho Villa start raids into US

• Wilson commits 2,000 US troops to capture Villa

• US never captures him and we stop efforts with outbreak of WWI

Moral Diplomacy• Wilson’s foreign policy called for

diplomacy based on what was right and wrong, while protecting investments in other countries.

• Hoping to promote democracy but increased resentment

• Like TR and Taft Wilson got US involved in Latin American affairs – more occupations

Pancho Villa

WWI Underlying Causes

• M-militarism-New Weapons• A-alliances-Secret treaties• I-imperialism-competing for colonies• N-nationalism-independence movementsSPARK-Archduke Ferdinand of Austria’s

assassination.-August 1914.US REMAINS NEUTRAL.

Sides of the War

• Triple Entente/Allies-• Britain, France, Russia,

Italy• US selling goods $$$

• Central Powers• Germany, Austria-

Hungary, Italy• US selling goods $$$

Reasons for US entry into WW1• Propaganda-British tried to get US on their

side.• Cultural Ties-France was US’s 1st Ally, English.• Economic-$9B loans to Allies-US feared not

be repaid.• Freedom of the Seas-Germans using

unrestricted submarine warfare.• Lusitania-128 Americans dead• Zimmerman Note-Germans ask Mexico to

attack US

The US Enters the War

• The US declares war on April 2,1917

• Wilson says it will be a • “War to end all wars”• And that we are

fighting to• “Make the world safe

for democracy”

US Involvement in WW1• Selective Service Act-1917-drafts 4m-2m fight

in Europe in segregated units.• American Expeditionary Force-General John

Pershing • The addition of US’s “Doughboys” and the

supplies they brought w/them was the main reason for the allied victory.

• Committee on Public Information-used PROPAGANDA to “sell the war” to people-Creel Committee

US Involvement in WW1• War Industries Board-gov’t agency decided what,

how much, price of goods produced.• War Labor Board-prevented strikes-$$, these

created controlled economy.• Food Administration-rationed food, meatless

and breadless days, victory gardens• War Bond Drives-helped pay for the war• Schenk vs.US-SC case, limits speech during war,

Clear+Present Danger, “FIRE”• Espionage Act (1917) and Sedition Act (1918)

Before Rosie

War’s End/Results• November 11, 1918-War ends-Germans

surrender unconditionally• 9m dead, 110,000 Americans, $350B cost,

$10B owed to US• Wilson brings a peace treaty to Paris, • The 14 Points- the most important point was

an international peacekeeping organization-• The League of Nations

Wilson and The Treaty Versailles• Wilson signed the Treaty though he knew it

was not fair to Germany?• $30B-War Reparations• Take sole responsibility for the war• Loss of territory to France and Poland• So why does he sign the Treaty?• It included the League, prevent future wars?• The Senate rejects the Treaty and never joins

the League?

The Senate said the League would take away our sovereignty-decision

making

WW1 Effects on Foreign Policy/Rights and Immigration

• Fear of Immigrants and Communism led to the 1st Red Scare-over 4,000 arrested, over 500 deported.

• America limits immigration-Quota Acts• Foreign Policy back to ISOLATIONISM.• Attempts to avoid future wars:• Washington Naval Conference-limits

battleships• Kellogg-Briand Pact-Outlawed War!?

General Strike in Seattle 1919

Boston Police Strike

Sacco and Vanzetti

WW1 Effects on Foreign Policy/Rights and Immigration

• Emilio Aguinaldo,Platt Amendment,The Maine,Yellow Journalism,Pancho Villa, Moral+Dollar Diplomacy,Big Stick Policy,Roosevelt Corollary, American Lake, Selective Service Act, Zimmerman Note, Doughboys, Committee on Public Information,War Industry Board, Food Administration, 14 Points, League of Nations, War Labor Board, John Pershing, Red Scare, Sacco/Vanzetti, Washington Naval Conference, Kellog-Briand Pact, Schenck vs U.S.