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Human Urogenital System

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Urogenital System Functions

Filteringof blood, Removal of wastes and

metabolites

Regulationof

blood volume and composition

concentration of blood solutes

pH of extracellular fluid

blood cell synthesis

Synthesisof Vitamin D

Reproduction and sexual function

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Urinary System Anatomy

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Location and External Anatomy

of Kidneys

Location

Lie behind peritoneum on

posterior abdominal wall

on either side of vertebral

column Lumbar vertebrae and rib

cage partially protect

Right kidney slightly lower

than left

External Anatomy

Renal capsule

Surrounds each kidney

Perirenal fat

Engulfs renal capsule and acts ascushioning and source of energy

Renal fascia

Anchors kidneys to abdominal

wall, separates from abdomen

Hilum Renal artery and nerves enter and

renal vein and ureter exit kidneys

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Internal Anatomy of Kidneys

Cortex: Outer area Renal columns

Medulla: Inner area

Renal pyramids

Calyces

Major: Converge to form

pelvis

Minor: Papillae extend

Nephron:Functional unitof kidney

Juxtamedullary

Cortical

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The Nephron

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Histology of the Nephron

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Internal Anatomy of Kidneys

Renal corpuscle Bowmans or Renal

capsule

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

Glomerulus Network of capillaries

goes into another capillarybed called the peritubularCapillaries

- Arterioles

Afferent

Blood to glomerulus

Efferent

Drains not into veinule butanother arteriole

Tubules Proximal (convoluted)

tubule

Loops of Henle

Descending limb

Ascending limb

Distal (convoluted) tubules

Collecting ducts

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Renal Corpuscle

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Kidney Blood Flow

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Ureters and Urinary Bladder

Ureters

Tubes through which urine flows from kidneys to

urinary bladder

Urinary bladder

Stores urine

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Ureters and Urinary Bladder

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Urethra

Transports urine from bladder to outside of

body Difference in length between males and females

Sphincters

Internal urinary External urinary

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Urethra

Urethra

3 4 cm long in females

Bound by connective tissue to anterior wall of

vagina

Urethral orifice exits body between vaginal

orifice and clitoris

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Urethra

~18 cm long in males

Prostatic urethra ~2.5 cm long, urinary bladderprostate

Membranous urethra

~0.5 cm, passes through floor of pelvic cavity

Penile urethra ~15 cm long, passes through penis

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