upstream c1 engl 11 10.pdf

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- ~ cerived from the term 'jet lag' which long-distanceair passengers.. ~C :Jhenomenonwhich affects almost all night shift workers. Someare

- ~ -::~ othersto adjustto thedifferencesntheirworkinghours,buta high

- - ~c :f very difficult to cope with the extra strain of working at night,

-~ ~nsiderable experience. This stressoften leads in turn to a lack of

~ ..,hich makes the problem worse. It can become a vicious circle.

-=:00. s natural circadian rhythm is disturbed, the result is disorientation

- = =~d physical fatigue. In addition, the strange working hours and the

- c")perature at night can often cause shift workers to drink insufficient

=- _ -g;" mildbodydehydration.

:: seemspossible that so many problems can resultfrom merely working

=_- researchshows that it affectseven thosewho have beenworking night

c:c's and believe they have become accustomed to it. Sometimesthey

er-seNes into believing they can adjust to night shifts. In fact, there is

: = {jence that the problems get worse rather than better as workers

.:. - ~~.shiftworkoveran extendedperiodof years.

,raRK/NGATNIGHT- YOURRIGHTS

=astrictions on night work

--8"3 are limitson howlongyou:"'. at night. Under the Working

- --=' :::-.egulations,night Jime is

.:ec:as the period between 11.00

..;--:::..JOam. You'rea nightworker

_ "BgJlarlywork for at least three

: :uring this period. There are

- _ ~ special rules for mobile

:s n air, sea and road transport.

~

- ;~t worker, you shouldn't work=-a anaverageofeighthoursin-:-hour period.

Young workers

:::~fe under 18but over school leavingage you're classed as

_-~ worker. Under the law you're not allowed to work at night.

Exceptions

_-;.s on nightworkdo not apply if:

.. O~have to travel a long distance from your home to get to

orkor you constantly work in differentplaces.

cxJ'reworking in an industry with busy peak periods, like

a.griculture,retailor tourism.;.~ejob needs round-the-clock staffing (forexample, hospital

ork).

.& OJ're employed in the rail industry and you work on board

::ains or your activitiesare irregular or linkedto seeing that~I")s run on time.

- ~ g.,t worker isclassedassomebodywho

arkseverynight from 11pm until 6 am.

orks for 8 hoursat night everynight.

arks at night in air,seaor road transport.

'Criesat least3 hoursbetween 11pm and6 amon a regularbasis.

--E't! areno restrictionsonnight work if

0", are under 18.Ouarea nursein a hospital.':_are a busdriver.

__ :ravel to work bytrain.

Themainproblemexperienced

bynightworkersisA stresscombinedwith

tiredness.

B not havingenough

experience.

( aninabilityo drinkenough.D losingheirsenseof direction.

2 Peoplewho work the night

shift overa longperiodof timeA becomedelusionalatwork.

B experiencean increasein

relatedproblems.

( do not believehat theywill

everadjust.

D experienceewermentaland

physicalproblems.

Vocabulary Practice

3 Match the highlighted words in the

passagewith their synonymsbelow.

a put someoneor somethingntoa

categoryor group

b tiredness

c to comefromsomethingelse

d dash

e fool/trick

f sellingthingsinashop

g unpleasanth extensive

TextAnalysis

4 Explainthe phrasesinyour own words.

'It canbecomeaviciouscircle'.(Text1,

I.6)2 '... thereismountingevidence...'(Text

1,II.14-15)3 'Nasty incidentsare mucheasierto

stomachwhenyou'rewith someone.'

(Text2,II.14-15)4 'Underthelaw...' (Text3,I.13)5 '... an industrywith busypeakperiods

...' (Text3, I.17)

-Discussion

5 a._ Whatare the advantages

and disadvantages of working at

night?

b. With a partner make a listof allthe jobs where people work at

night. Compare your listwiththe rest of the class.

I

121



:) Peopleon the Job

1 a. MatchA to Bto formwordsdescribingdifferent

kindsof workersandprofessionals.hen,in pairs,

put themundertheappropriateheadingsnthe

spidergrambelow.Someof thewordscouldgo

"" undermorethanoneheading.

A

refusebusiness

computer-

graphic

assembly-line

talent

plastic

fire

dental

civil

general

sound

B

designerhygienistcollector

practitionerexecutive

~ervant

surgeonworker

fighter

programmerscout

technician

Creative

Manual ... ~ .. Blue-collar8. . .8

(Job~.~:~~~~eSSion~).8 8..8 8.

.8 8.

White-colla~ Administrative

b. Inpairs,decidewhichof the adjectivesbelow

bestdescribehejobsandprofessionsabove.

Givereasons.

.ulfilling · arduous· mind-numbing· demanding

. gruelling· rewarding· hazardous glamorous

. mundane secure· stimulating strenuous

. stressful· motivating· physical· intellectual

A: Workingasafirefightersaverystressfulob.

B: True.Theyacedangerallthetimeandpeople'sivesdependonthem.

2 Inpairs,uselanguageromtheboxto helpyoutoaskandanswerquestionsaboutthe following:

122. Ifyouareemployedt present.

..

..

...

.

A: Whatdoyoudoforaliving?

B: I amstudyingo becomea lawyerbutI'vegotaparr--job in theuniversityibrary.

:)3

In the Workplace

a. Underlinehe correctwords/phrases.henUSE

the remainingwordsto makeupsentences0:

yourown.Useadictionaryto helpyou.

Due to the unsafe conditionsat the plant, the wo

decided to (work to rule, go on the picket line, g:

strike) until their demands for improvements wereby the management.

2 Many employees were (expelled, laid off, removed

result of the economic crisis.

3 Not only are we appreciated for what we do but y.,e

receive (perks, benefits, bonuses) at Christmas and Ea.-

4 Not too many years ago, miners and factory wa

would have to line up outside their employer's office~ i

Fridayo collecttheir(salary,profits,wages). ,

5 On arrival at the militarybase, the new (trai,,;-:

apprentices, recruits) were told to report tc

registration area.

6 I'vejust been transferred to this (head office, deparu..=--

boardroom). Could you tellme where mycubicleis,fX"=-

7 If there isanyhopeof meetingthis deadline,we'llhe,

work (part-time, overtime, flexi-time) all next wee~

8 For us to consider you for the position, you'll nee

provide us with at least two (credentials, refere->-

applications).

..

.,-.

b. Now,decidewhichaspectof work thesetsofwordsarerelatedto.

.ncentivesnewemployeespay

.heworkplace· applyingorajob. workers' protest· workinghours

. Whatkindofjobyouwouldiketodointhefuture.. Whatkindofcareerouwouldneveronsider.

Whatdoyoudoforaliving . Iworkasa...

Haveoueveroyedwiththe . I hopeto (bepromoted

ideaof ...7 . Idon'tintendtoresigr

Haveyougot anyplansor...7 · Yes,ndeed,amthinklWhatareyouaimingorin of ...

yourcareersawhole7 .MyimmediatelansarE

Haveoueverhoughtof...7

Wouldyoueverconsider... . Hopefully,willsoon..

Doyouthinkyouwould. Idonotforesee..

ever..7 . Iwill definitelynot

Areyoulookingforwardto · TheresnowayIwou,:

retir ing7 ever...



n~ J

I

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r\!S.....

3

s.J

...

a~~ -

use

0;

wa

e, gc _

d,

d E~.

WCX' .

i ce E.'I

rai~

to

me-

ha.."

neec

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of

: 3..JildUpyour Vocabulary

~ ~~derlinehewordwhichbestcompleteseach~tence.

coe you realise, Ms Hines, that ifyou accept the Gob/

~ ~:ayment/occupation)youwillbe expectedto put in' - ,2 a bit of overtime.

- -::r receiving a degree in business management, Lynn

~ sed that her true (profession/trade/vocat ion) was in

-~ so she returned to university.

~ef (works/labours/toils) in a beautiful office doing

3Job that she loves.

~e latest company (duty/task/project) requires that we

a work as a team to meet the deadline.

--E (staff/union/board) has called a general meeting to

e' employee complaints.

-:~ Jst received a government (raise/award/grant) to

='-,I'lUe hiswork with the city's homeless.

'ley have several (vacancies/occupations/appointments)

'0 fill,but they can't find the right people.

_ Nhen he failedto comply with the manager's instructions,

f-Jewas (removed/dismissed/deposed).

..

., :ollocations

5 .. pairs,complete the spidergramswith the words.

-5e some ofthem to fillinthe gaps inthe sentences.

:z::.you think of morewords for each spidergram?

.-ate · satisfaction · title · load · place· shop

.:€SCription · bench · market · hunter · station·:2ntre · prospects · horse......................

-.......... ...................

...................

................... .......................

.................................

..."...................

~/'

~ ) ...................

-..................... .......................

Someof thestaffsayshe'shemanager,omesayshe's

theowner.Doyouknowwhat heractual.....................

is?

2 I'msorry,butnowheren my.......................................

doesit saythat I haveto emptythewastepaperbins.

3 At themoment,Johnhassucha heavy........................

that we can't evenget

out at theweekends.

4 Theassembly-lineworkerwassackedbecausehe was

constantlyawayfromhis.................... ....

5 Mywife is a real s~€

putsin eighthoursat theofficeandihencomeshomeanddoesallthehousework.

6 Abovethe carpenter's was

rowafter rowof brightshinytools.

~6

Every office has one

a. Usinga dictionary ifnecessary, say what the

personality traits of these

office workers are.

· the whizz · the perfectionist· the paper-shuffler· the gossip

· the stirrer · the workaholic

· the slavedriver · the yes-man

· the techno-freak

b. Whichare positive/negative traits? What type is

the man in the picture? Discussin pairs.

~

7

Idioms

a. Match i tems from columns A and Bto form

idioms. Inpairs, guess what the idioms might

mean. Doyou have similaridiomsin your

language?

A

beaveraway

keepone'smind

mean

make

get somethingoff

besomeone's

call

havetime on

keepone'snose

bean

B

to the grindstone

endsmeet

the shots

one'shands

insidejob

on the job

at something

busin-ess

right-hand man

the ground

b. Use some of the idioms, in their correct form, to

complete the sentences below.

It'sgoingto takelotsof hardworkto the

business , but in the longrunI feel

itwill beworthit.

2 Of course,his personalassistantwill be with him; he

the president's .

3 James,you've been at thatreportforthe lasthour.Comedownandhaveyoursupper.

123



4 It'sverydifficulto with allthese

clients coming and going.

S Shemightbethe boss,but don't be fooled. It'sreallythe

vice-presidentwho around here.

6 With the economyin such a state, many businessesare

findingit impossibleo .

~8

The RightJob

a. Look at the three job adverts below. Inpairs,

decide what the underlined words mean.

FAIRFAX BUSINESS MEDIA

Telephone Researchers

FBRis the research division of Fairfax Business Media,

andiscurrentlyrecruitinga teamof high-leveltelephoneresearcherso intervieweadingITdecision-

makersniargeUKenterprises.

£25-30K.

i

l Closingdate: 16.05.2009

TheEFD,acharityandpressuregroupworkingfor andonbehalfofdisabledemployeeshroughouttheUK,isseekinga

ChiefExecutiveOfficer

LeadingheForum,heonlyorganisationofitskindinthe

world,youwill utiliseyourmanagementxperienceo assume

completeresoonsibilityorourday-to-dayoperations.

£70,000pluscar.

The Aldingbourne TrustHistoryeacher

Areyouinterestednjoininganeducational

organisationommittedto innovation?Wewill

considerapplicationsor a full-timeHistoryeachero

joinourfacultyofexperiencedeacherstourschoolnearChichester,WestSussex.Minimumof 3years

experiencenteachingHistorysessential.

£22,500plusbenefits.

b. Whichof the jobs would you find appealing?

Why? Discussin pairs.

124

c. Usinglanguage from the boxes, in pairs, act ::.

job interviews for the posts above.

A: So,tellusaboutyourexperiencenmarketing.

B: We//,havebeenworkingasamarketingconsultG.~

...for threeyearsnow,and...

I'llhave to call you back wIth those f(gll"e:

I'm just away from my desk at the molTle"'"

~~

FixedPhrases (phrases with on)

9 a. Match the fixed phrases with their meanin~

Questions Answers

. Tellusaboutyou/your . Ihavebeenworkingasqualifications/your for ...

experience in ...

.I holda degree/diploma

. Howwouldyou describeyourself? . I havealsopursued .... Whydo youwant to work . Ifeelthat myexperienc2for us? ability/knowledge/

. What do you lookforinan ded ication/orga nisatior 3

employer? skills/people skillswill bE. Whatisthemostimportant useful.

I.

qua1ity..? . I'mafter a job that ... ... How can you contribute ...?. Ihavealwaysthought:. Isthere anythingyou'd like one ofmyassets is .. I ...

to ask?

-«fV1 onthevergeof a intermittently

2 onoffer b receivingunemployrTe'

3 on the basisof benefit

I:on the dole c about to do/happen

5 on the level d available

6 on hold e honest

7 on a roll f waiting

8 on and on g continuously

9 on and off h due to

10 on demand i winning

when needed



act ~_

.

~

gure~

mer-

i~

_ ".JOw,use appropriate fixed phrases to fillin the

;laps in the sentences.

'= done a lot of research on that company and it

wears that theyare , .

-.c' "am.15hewas tearsafter being

--'? r1 dismissed.

. . . .. . . . . . .. your past performance here at Lloyds.

'= '=decided to giveyouapromotion.

- -= :he steelworks closed down last year. half the men

--.: :ownwereforcedto go .

- to :art managerwent forwhat

~.:o Ikehours about the falling productivi ty rate.

~Appendix1

~: ::'.everbswith the particleso form phrasal

F'":' _5e themto completethe sentencesbelow.

into

across

up

off

around

..1St can't seem to get across (communicate) to my boss

-a: l1eisworkingmetoo hard.

- ~2' a difficultday at the officeIliketo .......................

(eliminate)stressbydigginginmygarden.

- E owner is terribly busy tomorrow but I'll try to

you (fit

-co l1erschedule.

---e 1IVorkersreturn to their jobs this week. we might

-G'age to (overcome) the

Eoa'rs in production.

:ne end of the incrediblybusy day. Mona had

w herself (cause

'.c ~ upset) into quite a state.

:: rr'lunication:PoliteRequests

- oa.irs,completehe followingdialogueswith

~.Jage fromthe boxes.

can 1) ....................................................................

:'.J' 2) .......................................................................

:ossiblyhelpmewith thisexercise?

~~ ~

:>J' reallyneed to finishwhat I'm doing. Sorry.

· A: Canyoudo4) ?

Doyou5} ..................... ........................ .....................

useyourcomputeroranhour?

B: Ofcourse6) .

· A: Idon't mean to 7) ...................................................

but do you 8) ............................................................

cleanup this mess?B: I'm afraid 9) ..............................................................

that. Yousee.I needto goout infiveminutes.

· A: rknowthis 10) ............................................................

but Iwas 11) ............................................................

could lend me £10.

B: With 12) .

] Usefullanguage:PoliteRequests

Introducinga request

·Sorry to bother you with this. but ...·1don't mean to cause a fuss. but ...

· Ican see you're very busy. but ...

.I know this is a bit mum to ask. but...

· Can you do me a (big) favour?

· Could you do something for me?

Making a request

.Would itbe (at all)possible (for meJyou) to . ..·Do you think I/you could (possibly).. . ·Could Itrouble you to ...

·Could you possibly. .. ·Would it be all right if I . ..

.1 was wondering ifyou could. .. ·Do you mind if I ...

]Usefullanguage:Respondingo Requests

Grantinga request

· Sure! · Goahead. · Ofcourse you can/may.

· With pleasure. · Byallmeans. · Bemyguest.

Denyinga requestand offeringan excuse

.I'd loveto help.but.. . .1 wish Icould. but . ..

.I'm afraid1can't do that.Yousee ...

b. How could the requests and the responses have

been made in a different way? Discuss in pairs.

c. Inpairs, act out the followingdialogues.Student

A, make the requests. Student B,respond

positively or negatively according to the yes/no

prompts in the brackets.

1 Aska friendif hecandriveyoutoworkthenextday.(Yes)

2 Askif acolleagueanhelpyouwithsomeiling.(No)

3 Askyourbosso giveyoutomorrowoff.(No)

4 Askyourteacherfyoucanbeexcusedromclass.No)

5 Askanacquaintancef shethinksshecouldalkto herboss

aboutgivingyouajob.(Yes)

125

L



listening & Speaking"

(Listening-Part 1

1-

Youwill hearthreedifferent extracts.Forquestions

1-6,choosethe answer(A,Bor C)whichfits best

accordingto what youhear.Therearetwo

questionsfor eachextract.

~ part of an interviewabout a quality control

company.

Whydo somecompaniesget involvedwith-liP?

A Theyaregivenfreebadgesandofficestationery.

B They havethe opportunityto conduct regular

meetings.

C Theythinkit givestheircompanyprestige.

2 WhydoestheinterviewercompareheliPcomplaints

procedureo theworldof BigBrother?

A Hebelieveshat the staff aretoo intimidatedtocomplain.

B Hedisagre!!swith liPcompaniesusingsurveillancecameras.

C Hethinksthatthestaffarenot risk-takers.

~ ",rtofa d;scussionabout ",indng.

3 What doesSallysayabout the Impressioniststyle

of painting?

A It canonlybesuccessfullychievedafteryearsof

hardwork.B It isidealforcreatingpostcards.

C It isaproductof lazypaintinghabits.

4 Accordingto Sally,what did the Impressionistso?

A Theyallowedsentimentalityo affecttheirwork.

B Theyonlypaintedsceneswhichwereattractive.

C Theypaintedtheworldtheysawaroundthem.

~art of an interview about protecting theenvironment.

5 Howcanyoureduceyourcarbonfootprint?

A Bycancellingourforeignholidays.

B By reducinghe amountof carbondioxideyou

produce.

C Bymeasuringarbondioxideemissions.

6 What isachievedbycarbonoffsetting?

A Morecarbondioxideisproduced.

B Moretreesareplanted.C Carbondioxideevelsworldwidearereduced.

126

(Listening-Part2

2 a. Youwill heara firefighteralkingabouthiswork. Before you listen, discuss the following

with a partner.

..

...

1 Whatsortof personwouldmakeagoodfirefighter?2 Whatdoyouthinkmightbethemainadvantages-

disadvantagesf beingafirefighter?

-

b. Tryto predict what kind of information is

needed for gaps 1-8.Checkwith your partner.

o Now 1isten to the recording. For questions 1-8,

complete the sentences.

JOB PROFILE:Nigel Dawson - Firefighter -Nigelunderwentvocationaleststo assesshisphysicalitnes:

andhisQJ Ifor thejob.

Oneof themainattractionsof thejob isthatyouworkaspo

ofa0 I.

He also enjoysthe fact that the kind of work he d~

o 1rom dayto day.

Nigelcomplainshat althoughhiswork issimilarto that0:

~ 1 his salary is much lov.::-

However,he fireserviceoffersaverygoodold-age

o I aswell asexcellent

~ Icover.

Hekeepsuphis12]thesportsacilitiesndgym.

Iby us'~

Nigel reallyenjoyshis present position so he is not particula

interestedn0 I.

d. What criteria do you think should be borne -mind when assessing fair levels of pay for

different jobs? Discuss in groups.

-

--



s3

ner

_

as

e~

tie

~

r

"-ec(ing- Part3:Discuss,Evaluate&Select

: '.\IorkingEnvironments-

...oakat these pictures showing various people at work. Saywhich working environments are likelyto be the most~d least stressful. Then select the picture which, inyour opinion, shows the working environment which needs the

-:ost improvements.

..:,.

Which working environmentsare likelyto be themost and leaststressful?

Which picture showsthe working environment

which needsthe most improvement?

-Gt~dents A & B )Useful language: Selecting

· Ithinkwe shouldgo forpictureX ...

· Wecouldnarrowt downtoachoicebetweenXandY...

· It'shardtochoose,butpictureX...

· Makin9achoicesnotthatea~because..... ')1we assume't'na't..tnen't'ne0'oVI0USOKewOUlDoeA ...

· Notmucho choosebetweenXandY,isthere?

.:z me following questions together.

':u think havingcomputersn the workplaceisa

...1:~in9?

,na't s'tepsS'nOUIDovemmen'tstaKe 'to reDuce

~'1employment?

.,'t)atarethedangersof workingtoomuch?

5 Jobsatisfactionoremportanthanmoney?

,'t)atmakesagoodboss? ~ EverydayEnglish·Congratulating6 Inpairs, decidewhat the other speaker has said and

use the expressions below in response.Jsten to two candidates doing the speaking

~ks above and compare their performance to

mat of your classmates.

~sess your classmates interms of:

. grammarandvocabulary· discourse management· pronunciation· interactivecommunication

a Youluckything!

b Well done!

c I'm sopleasedfor you!

A: I'vegot twodaysofffromwork!

B: Youuckything!

d That's fantastic.

e Congratulations.

127



Reading- Part21 Youwill readanarticleabout today'spublicsectorworking hours.

Beforeyou read,discussn pairsthe following.

What do you think are the advantagesand/or disadvantagesf the

followingaspectsof workinghoursfor

a) .employees? b) employers?

· longhours· overtime 9to5 · earlystarts. workingromhome

· inflexible/rigidorkingimes· flexi-time afour-dayweek

· irregularours· part-timework· timeoff

2 Lookatthetitleofthearticle.Whymightemployeesodayneedo 'getalife'?

MatthewBrownon howone council solvedits staffturnoverproblemby givingworkerscontrol over theirhours.

Sixmonthsago,CarolWyattwason thevergeof leaving

her job as an inquiry officer in the housing benefit

departmentof Mertoncouncil, south London. It wasn't

that shedidn't like it; shehadeventakena salarycut to

take the post in Novemberlastyear.But the journey to

workwastakingitstoll.

Normal flexi-time did not apply to the job and Wyatt told

her line manager she wanted to leave. She was not the

only one. As the authority's assistant chief executive,

Keith Davis, readily admits, the council was hardly what

they call an employer of choice..

2

Promptedby the public servicesunion Unison,Merton

appliedfor - and won- £50,000fromthe government's

challengefund to pilot a 'work-lifebalance'scheme in

three departments, including housing and councilbenefits. A ~rowammewas devised after a series of

10cus groups,runby consultancyBrionyGroup,inwhich

employeeswere asked to say how they would like towork in an idealworld. Staffraisedconcernsabout rigid

working times and inflexiblecore hours and came upwithsuggestions fora four-day week and homeworking.

3

So what changed? Office hours were extended, so that

people can now work any time between 7am and 7pm,

and core hours were abolished. Staff can take time off as

and when they need it to meet other commitments, as

long as they make it up and meet their targets. Now as

28

little as half an hour can be taken, even at short notice.

Previously, everyone had to book a half day's leave inadvance.

4

Other people arrive later in the morning after taking their

children to school, or take time out when they haveappointments; some people like to work late, when it is

quieter; and others work at home some days sothat they

can be there when the plumber calls, or the new sofa is

delivered.

5

Davis is adamant that the scheme is not a backhanded

way of improving council services and extending

working hours. He says: 'Of course, there are some

basic rules - mainly, that the service comes first. People

have to commit to that. But we're finding that staff are

working together to cover each other. They come up

with the arrangements themselves. There's a lot of self-

rostering.'.

6

Far from taking it away, Davis is now extending the

scheme across the authority, introducing six-month trials

in three more departments this month. He is even

looking at ways of introducing a nine-day fortnight. 'Now

we're asking: 'Why can't itwork?' rather than just saying:

'It can't work.' The only thing that could stifle it is lack of

imagination. '



.r

2 a. Nowreadthearticle.Sixparagraphsavebeenremoved. ,Vocabulary Practice

Chooseromtheparagraphs-Gtheonewhichfitseachgap

(1-6).Theresoneextraparagraphwhichyoudonotneedo 3 a. Explainhehighlightedwordsinuse. thetext.

b. Underlinehepartsof thearticlewhichhelpedyouto decide b. Matchtheitemsto formonthemissingparagraphs,hencomparewith a partner. collocationssednthetext.

Whatdotheymeannthetext?

A AccordingodeputybenefitsmanagerRebeccatrang,twasclearwithintwo weeksthat the newsystemwas -

onthe suggestionsgoing to work weJJor al! concerned. 'JtmadeaJJour Jives

easier,' she says. 'The staff were happier, team moraletakingits notice

raised tollwent up, and there was more incentive to finish

workloads.If the new systemwas taken away now, . cameupwith vergeof

there'dbeWorldWarIIIinmyoffice.' meetheir targetsI atshort

concerns IShehado beinfor9am,whenhephonestartedinging, I--butthatmeantcaringorherelderlymotherandherdog)

everymorningbeforebravinghe rushhourtraffic.I usedI - TextAnalysiso getquitestressedittingon thebus,hardlymoving, -

IknowingtherewasnothingI coulddoaboutit: shesays.I

I

4 Inpairs,explainhefollowingdon'thandlehatsortofthingtoowell.'phrasestakenfromthetext) in

C Althoughnotall ideasweretakenup,the pilothasbeen yourownwords.

Ian unqualifiedsuccess:'icknessevelsin the housingbenefitsectionhavedroppedbyhalf,productivitysup,a 1 'Nowwe'reaskingwhycan't twork?'backlogof caseshasbeendealtwith - andWyatt isstill ratherhanjustsayingit can'twork'there.Mertonwasrecentlyheldupbythe governmentas ...'(aftergap6)amodelof goodpracticeor publicsectoremployers,and 2 'I don'thandlehatsortof thingtoohas publisheda nationalguide to work-life balance, well.'(paraB)fundedjointlywith Unison. 3

'Mertonwas ... held up by theD A surveypublishedlastmonth ramsthis point home.It governmentas a modelof good

revealshat halftheemployeesnterviewedwereunaware practice...'paraC)

of the job optionson offer to maketheir liveseasier. 4 'A surveypublishedastmonthramsManagersalsoconfidedthat while theysympathisedwith thispointhome.'paraD)workers'needs,it wasdifficult to agreeto requestsor 5 'Thecynicmaythinkit isall a goodflexibleworkinghoursor unpaidleavewhenstaffwere managementloy...'paraF)oftenalreadystretchedo the limit.

E 'Wehadrecruitmentproblems,highlevelsof sicknessnd

high staff turnover: he says.'And therewas a general I-

Discussionfeelinghatstaffmoralewaslow.Wefeltweneededodosomethingro-active.'

5 a. Whataretheadvantagesf a

p F Thecynicmaythinkit isall a goodmanagementloyto work-lifebalancecheme,- increaseorkinghoursandproduce flexibleworkforce, accordingo MrBrown?Makea

butthat'snothowtheunionseest. 'Themainthingis list,thendiscusswithyourthat it empowerstaff,'saysSeanCunnisse,Unison's partner.branchsecretaryt the authority.Althougha manager

b. ...How important is it toe canstillsay'No', nowtheyhaveo justifytheirdecision,

ratherthan staff havingto justify why they shouldbe maintainawork-life balance?

allowedtimeoff.' Thinkabout: health,family,

G Wyattnowgoestoworkearly,arrivingwell before9amtofriends.Discussn groups.

avoidthe morningtraffic, and leavesmid-afternoon.Ithasmadeall thedifference,'shesays.It reallydoesmake

youfeelyou'vegot morecontroloveryourlife. It givesme

a chanceto organisemyworkingtime aroundmyotherneeds.'



Conditionals&Wishes ~GrammarReference_

b. Rewritethe followingusingmixedconditionals,

asin theexample.

I don't haveasecretary,oI didallthe typingmyself.

IfIhadasecretary,wouldn'thavedoneall thetypingmyself.

2 Hedidn't followmyadvice;that'swhy the work isn't

finishedyet.

3 Hecan'thavebeenarguingwith hisbossallmorning;helooksfartoo relaxed!

4 Shedoesn'thavethemoney,otherwiseshewouldhave

givenmethe loan.

5 I realisewasn'tverypoliteto theboss,but I'mplanning

to leavehisjobanyway.

~ Conditionals

1 Thefollowingsentences contain mistakes. Rewrite

them so that they are correct.~

1 I'll lendyoumyscarfprovidedyouwon't loseit.

J'/Jendyoumyscarfprovidedoudon'toset.

2 Supposeouwouldwinthe lottery,whatwouldyoudo?

.....................................................................................

3 I'veboughtsomefoodin caseMarianneandJohncame

roundfor dinner.

.....................................................................................

~4

WishesIf I hadknownyouwerecomingto London,Iwouldpick

youupat theairport.

----

- -

.:

:

..................................................................................... Write a wish for each of the following sentences, as

in the example.

--

Youwantto buyanewcar,butyouhaven'tgotenough

money.

I wish hadenoughmoneytobuyanewcar).

2 Youdidn'tfollowyourfriend'ssensibleadvice.

3 Youlostyourlecturenotes.

4 Youwantto aska friendto helpyou,but he'sout of the

country.

5 IfI toldyouI loveyou,whatwouldyouhavesaid?.....................................................................................

6 UnlessBrianwill instructusotherwise,wewill closethe

shopat 7......................................................................................

7 Shouldhehaverung,tell himI'llm~ethimin the library......................................................................................

8 HadIknownyou'dbeenshopping,wouldnotgomyself.

.....................................................................................

-.

... .

--

=

2 Make conditional sentences for the followingsituations.

5 Finish the sentences in your own way.

1 IfIcouldturnthe clockback, .......................................

2 IfIhad lotsofmoney,...................................................

3 IfonlyI .........................................................................

4 IfIcouldgoanywhere,.................................................

5 IwishIcould................................................................

6 IwishI hadn't ...............................................................

7 Iwishyouwould ..........................................................

8 IwishIwere.................................................................

· Johnlosthisjob.· Alicehasbeentransferredo anotherdepartment.

· Tenworkershavebeenlaidoff.

IfJohnhadn'tbeenlateeverymorning,hewouldn'thavelost

hisjob.

-.--

;

:

~ Mixed conditionals6 Complete the caption. Inpairs, think of another

cartoon using wishes.

3 a. Match columns A and B to form mixed

conditionals. Whichtypes of conditionals are

used ineach part? Why?

I wishI

...

3

If hehadaccepted a he'dbecovered

theiroffer, in grease.2 If he realisedhow b he'dberichby

littleworkshedoes, now.

3 If hewasn'tgoing c he'dhavefired

on holiday herlongago.tomorrow, d hemighthave

4 If hehadbeen agreedo come

repairinghecar, with us..130



't

gh

...

UseofEnglish- Part2

7 Forquestions1-15,thinkof the wordwhichbestfits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.

--

0) Being a taxi-driveris not just about getting a personAto B.Itis alsoabout the levelof serviceand

':" to maketheirtripan enjoyable2) . Butwhen

~e are 3) a mad rushto get to workor to the

-::ortor to 4) it in timefor an appointment,it's

:;:ult 5) engage in friendly conversation.

: wasgettingmedown.That's 7) .......................

-.rgedtomghts.Mostpeople8} usea taxiat.:;0 are going out to have fun, so they 9) in a-uch bettermood.

I start work at 9 o'clock and drive around the city all'J) thenightuntil5 inthemorning.It's quitebusy

_-r1ti1bout 1:30, then, ifit's a weekday, itslows down a littleand

'1) are fewerfares.Ido get myfair12)....................

:' unpleasantness, usually from people who have had a few

::rinks 13) many. Howev~r, that's pretty rare.

',4) of the time, when people get in a cab, they

~joy knowing there's a friendly person driving it. It's good for

-e, too. It helps 15) to feel good about my work. I

~ a lot ofjob satisfaction inthistaxi.

- .....UseofEnglish- Part5

f8!

Forquestions1-8,completethe secondsentenceso

that it has a similarmeaning to the first sentence,

using the words given. Donot change the word

given.Youmust use between three and sixwords,

includingthe word given.

° Thatwasthe mostinterestingperformancehaveever

watched.

seen

Neverhaveseensuchaninterestingperformance.

Wemissedhe trainbecausewedidn't hurry.

hurried

Ifwe missedhe train.

2 Theylookasif theyareupsetaboutsomething.

appear

They aboutsomething.

3 Theyforcedhimto handoverhiswallet.

made

He hiswaJJet.

4 IwishIhadn'tleftmyoidjob.

regret

I myoid job.

5 Whowerethevictimsattackedby?

it

Who thevictims?

...,

6 I can'tjointhepoliceforcebecause'mtooshort.

only

If jointhe policeforce.

7 Buyingmilkwasunnecessaryswehaveplentyalready.

need

you milkaswehaveplentyalready.

8 "Iwastryingto cutthebread,"Jeffsaid.

trying

Jeffsaidthat to cut thebread.

Useof English- Part4

9 Forquestions 1-5,think of one word which can beused appropriately in all three sentences.

° Takeanumbrellawith youincaset rains.

Thepolicearecurrentlynvestigatinghe case.

Theresn'tenoughroominmycase;can'tgetallmyclothes

in.

I'vedecidedo their offer.

I thinkthat hisparentshavefinallybegunto me

aspartof the family.

Youhaveto the fact thatyoucan't stayyoung

forever!

2 Tom'sstoryof histravelsroundtheworldreally...........

Jenny'smagination.

Angelinawas fromherjobafter justoneday!

Mydad off a furiousletterto themanager.

3 Theygotmarried her family'swishes.

Thereiss till a lot of discrimination womenin

theworkplace.

Leanthat picture the walluntil we'rereadyto

hangit.

4 Hegavea cryof painashecut hisarm.

You'd better keep a eye on that boy - he's

alwaysupto somemischief.

Heworksasastockbrokerndhasanextremely..........mind.

5 I hadto paythroughthe for this suit so don't

youdarespillanythingon it!

Natalieisa realsnob- she looksdownher at

anyonewho isn'tasrichassheis.

Ourcfliefreporter.hasa for news- shealways

seemso knowwhat the nextbigstorywill be.

131

~



Use of English

~ ~OTb iOTmai.lOn

10 Fill the gaps with words formed fromthe words in bold.

tire

· Although the job is not physically

...~ , it leavesme feeling

exhaustedat the end ofthe day.· He was praised for his ..................

efforts to promote our idealsat home

and abroad.

2 lead

· The most important qualityrequired

forthismanagerialostis .

· Mr Brownis one of the country'sauthorities on

industrial relations.

3 excel

· We were treated to an ....................

supper of seafood and home-made

pasta.

· We are committed to purs~ingin providing for

travelling business people.

4 compete

· Wemanagedto outwit the .................

by launching our product early.

· Theteam displayed a lot of ..................

spirit and that's why they

succeeded.

· A total of sixty-two .........................

entered the race.

5 contract

· Thebuilding failed

to completethe newsportshallontime.

· Youhavea obligation

to give us a month's notice if you

intend to leave.

6 intend

· James announced his ....................

to get marriedbefore the end ofthe

year.

· She wipedallher

files from her laptop.

----.UfeofErlglifl7 Port]

11 Forquestions1-10,usethewordsin bold to formwordsthat fitin the numberedspacesn the text.

GeLLing (lie [Vtost

OUt of lVleetinas

Recognisethat most meetings will be

0) chaotic without a good chairperson and an

agenda. Ifyour aim is to be 1) , skipmostof

these meetings. Research shows that badly-managed groups

2) make better decisionsthan those whichcould

be arrived at individuallyby the more intelligent members of that

group.

Ifyoufeelthat the meetingsyouattend leaveroomfor 3)......................why not 4) that something is accomplishedby

bringing your own informal agenda? In 5) .................................

organisedenvironmentsfewpeoplethinkfarenoughaheado turn up

with papersto hand out. If you arethe onlypersonwho has a handout,

youwillusuallyindthat the6) centresnyourpoints.

A well-run meeting can definitely generate better ideas than would

comefrom individualshinking in 7) . However,

three thingsare8) for meetingsto work at a

truly optimal level: an impartial chairperson or faci litator, a clear

structure, and the necessary IT software 9) to

model possiblealternative 10) to problems there

and then. Information will be treated as a neutral commodity andeverybody will have their say.

CHAOS

PRODUCE

IMPROVESURE

POOR

DISCUSS

ISOLATE

DISPENSE

APPLY

SOlVE

:) Dependent prepositions

12 Fill in the gapsusing at, onand to.

Thegovernment has been discussing new regulations, due...................

come into force next April.

2 Themeasuresare aimed makingiteasierfor workin~parents with young or disabledchildren to have mo-re flexible workin;

arrangements.

3 Evenhoseapplicantswho win theircases a no-wir

no-fee basis can see their awards reduced by up to half as solicitors takE

theircut.

4 Hededicatedweeksof painstakingcare settingu~

his company and creating a coherent business plan.

5 SupraCom will spend a massive two million euros ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .

advertis ing over the next two years.

::

-

RARE

£.

3

-

5

5..,

8

9

w

..,,

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