University of Minnesota Itasca Biological Station Itasca ...PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1.1 Itasca Guiding Principles 1.1.2 2006 Facility Assessment

Sustainable Campus Plan

University of Minnesota Itasca Biological Station Itasca State Park, Minnesota

July, 2010

Prepared for the University of Minnesota by:

Architectural Alliance400 Clifton Avenue South

Minneapolis, MN 55403

www.archalliance.com

Thomas DeAngelo, FAIA, LEED APPrincipal

Greg Maxam, AIA, LEED APSustainability Director

In Association with:

Christine BleyhlSustainability Consultant

Malini Srivastava, AIACertified Passive House Consultant

The following individuals contributed to this Plan:

College of Biological Sciences:Robert Elde, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Biological Sciences

Elizabeth WroblewskiChief Administrative Officer

Itasca Biological Station & Laboratories:David Biesboer, Ph.D. Director, Department of Plant Biology

Jon Ross, Ph.D.Resident Biologist, Assoc. Program Director

Charlie SchmidgallResident Manager

Dawn WannaboHead Cook

University Services:Orlyn MillerCapital Planning and Management

Jerome MalmquistEnergy Management

Amy ShortSustainability

With assistance from:Dan BuellMinnkota Power

University of Minnesota Itasca Biological Station Itasca State Park, Minnesota

Sustainable Campus Plan

July, 2010

ITASCA BIOLOGICAL STATION SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1.1 Itasca Guiding Principles 1.1.2 2006 Facility Assessment 1.1.3 2009 Master Plan Update 1.1.4 U of M Board of Regents Policy 1.2 SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS PLAN1.3 DEFINING SUSTAINABILITY AT ITASCA BIOLOGICAL STATION 1.3.1 Sustainability 1.3.2 Carbon Neutrality 1.3.3 Zero-Energy1.4 IMPLEMENTING THE SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS PLAN AT ITASCA 1.4.1 Reference Guidelines 1.4.2 Itasca Green Team 1.4.3 Monitoring and Measurement 1.4.4 Collaborative Research Opportunities 1.4.5 Community Outreach 1.4.6 Next Steps

PART TWO: GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS2.1 SITE AND TRANSPORTATION 2.1.1 Roads, Trails, and Shoreline 2.1.2 Landscaping, Grounds, and Equipment 2.1.3 Transportation 2.1.4 Campus Agriculture 2.1.5 Site Priorities2.2 WATER QUALITY AND USE 2.2.1 Water Quality 2.2.2 Storm Water 2.2.3 Waste Water 2.2.4 Water Supply, Use, and Reuse 2.2.5 Community Water Needs 2.2.6 Water Priorities2.3 ENERGY USE 2.3.1 Efficiency 2.3.2 Renewable Energy 2.3.3 Energy Priorities

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT 2.4.1 Food Waste 2.4.2 Recycling 2.4.3 Hazardous Waste 2.4.4 Waste Priorities2.5 CAMPUS HEALTH 2.5.1 Accessibility 2.5.2 Indoor Environmental Quality 2.5.3 Health Priorities2.6 MATERIALS 2.6.1 Building Materials 2.6.2 Environmentally Preferable Purchasing 2.6.3 Materials Priorities PART THREE: FACILITY IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE 3.1 GUIDE TO BUILDING USE3.2 GUIDE TO HOUSING USE3.3 GUIDE TO CLASSROOM/ACADEMIC USE3.4 SUSTAINABILITY BUNDLES 3.4.1 Bundle 1: General Operations and Maintenance 3.4.2 Bundle 2: Building Renovation 3.4.3 Bundle 3: Building Replacement 3.4.4 Bundle 4: Campus-Wide Systems

PART FOUR: EXISTING BUILDINGS ANALYSIS4.1 OVERVIEW 4.1.1 Sample Buildings Testing 4.1.2 Sample Buildings Modeling4.2 SPECIFIC BUILDING RECOMMENDATIONS 4.2.1 Building 2 – Faculty Cabin 4.2.2 Building 10 – Faculty Cabin 4.2.3 Building 48 – Research Laboratory 4.2.4 Building 53 – Dining Hall 4.2.5 Building 60 – Manager’s House 4.2.6 Building 70 – Biologist’s House

APPENDIXA.1 GRANT AND FUNDING OPPORTUNITIESA.2 AUDIT DATA

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Master Plan for the Itasca

Biological Station and

Laboratories.

The Itasca Biological Station

provides innovative research

and educational programs in a

unique and experiential hands-

on environment.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Sustainable Campus Plan provides a framework for sustainable campus development in the areas of site, water, energy, waste, campus health, and materials. In addition, it charts a path toward a zero-energy and carbon-neutral future at the Itasca Biological Station. The Plan builds upon the analysis of needs and the campus vision outlined in the 2009 Master Plan Update, and supports the University’s sustainable policies and goals in the areas of leadership, operations, energy, research, education, and outreach.

The Plan considers a broad range of sustainable development ideas, and makes specific, prioritized recommendations. Within the broad umbrella of sustainability, responsible use of energy and water stand out as two areas that can become a strong part of the identity of the Itasca Biological Station.

ConservationThe plan emphasizes conservation measures as a primary strategy, achieved through operational management, building renovation, and new building design. A range of sustainable solutions are envisioned as part of this plan:

buildings are renovated

campus center

housing, dining hall)

solutions

facilities full-time residences, and food service.

Based on audited energy data acquired as part of this study, the Sustainable Campus Plan incorporates minor changes from the 2009 Master Plan Update. The most significant departure from previous studies is the recommendation to demolish and

impact this building has on the overall energy use of the Campus. Consider reducing the overall indoor square footage, given that a new assembly space is part of the proposed new Campus Center, and creating a lakefront porch or outdoor deck for eating and gathering.

Renewable EnergyRenewable energy is envisioned at the Campus as a means to move toward zero energy and carbon neutrality, quantitatively defined as supplying energy needs after

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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

aggressive conservation has been pursued. Renewable energy recommendations are coordinated with new buildings where solar or geothermal access is available and incorporated as smaller scale solar hot water on existing buildings. The plan suggests purchase of wind-sourced electricity from the local utility as part of the overall renewable energy strategy.

The remaining renewable energy deficit is conceived as part of a “central resource plant” at the south end of the campus, potentially incorporating photovoltaic, biomass, geothermal, or other experimental renewable solutions. This is envisioned as either a partnership solution with the local utility or a University of Minnesota campus infrastructure investment. It could also evolve toward a community-wide strategy with Itasca State Park.

On-going Sustainable Campus Management Within the broad umbrella of sustainability at Itasca, energy and water are two areas of particular focus that can be a strong part of the identity of the Itasca Station. Quantitative monitoring and metering of energy and water use will inform development decisions and optimize system efficiencies.

The acquisition of a campus-wide smart energy management system to monitor, manage, and control energy use in multiple buildings is strongly recommended, given the variability of occupant use and the complexities of efficiently operating the Station.

Implementation “Bundles”The Plan for the Itasca Biological Station envisions demolition of substandard buildings, minor operational upgrades for support and summer-use buildings, and energy retrofits for year-round use buildings. New buildings are proposed to meet rigorous sustainability standards. The Plan organizes campus improvements into four bundles that can be pursued in parallel to meet overall sustainability objectives.

Bundle One addresses immediate improvements, part of a regular operations and maintenance plan. Bundle Two addresses building renovations focused on sustainability upgrades.Bundle Three addresses new construction, coordinated with the demolition of substandard buildings.Bundle Four addresses campus-wide processes and infrastructure improvements.

The Sustainable Campus Plan charts a path toward sustainability that will develop over time. Broad sustainable and carbon-neutral objectives, including campus food production and transportation initiatives, will require on-going efforts. Decisions regarding specific building and remodeling projects will need to be informed by additional energy audits and improved metering, allowing detailed cost analysis.

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PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

In 2009, the University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences created a 2009 Master Plan Update to address the ability of the Itasca Biological Station to support its research, education, and outreach objectives in the future. This plan charted a vision for how the Station should address current infrastructure and building deficiencies to meet its basic needs. It defined the basic facilities needed to maintain and enhance programs and envisioned an infrastructure that could support year-round programs.

The 2009 Master Plan Update also created a vision for a sustainable community at Itasca Biological Station. This vision is consistent with the Station’s environmental mission and is a tremendous opportunity to demonstrate environmental awareness and stewardship. In addition, in light of the need for improvements in the building infrastructure at Itasca, a sustainable approach that addresses energy efficiency is an important component to managing long-term operating costs.

The College of Biological Sciences agreed in 2009, in concert with the Minnesota

principles for the Itasca Station. As plans are developed further for facility renovations at Itasca Station, the following principles will guide decision-making about the new facilities. These principles reflect the values of the University of Minnesota and the Itasca State Park DNR officials. They are:

1. In order to be responsible stewards of the planet’s resources and to demonstrate a carbon-neutral, sustainable infrastructure, the Station will develop into an energy-sustainable campus. New buildings will be at or near zero-energy. Older buildings that undergo remodeling will use both cost and energy-effective strategies. 2. To respect the purpose of Itasca Park as foremost a recreational and educational destination for the public, new buildings at the Station will have minimal impact on park visitors throughout the year. 3. As the Station supports biology education and research for students and faculty, the habitats of the Park will be used to demonstrate and monitor ecological processes and to inspire future generations of scientists. 4. In order to preserve the ecological and archeological integrity within Itasca State Park, any new facilities at the Station will carefully consider and minimize impact to natural and cultural resources.

These guiding principles establish a foundation for a sustainable approach to the campus at Itasca that embraces both carbon neutrality and energy efficiency.

1.1.1 ITASCA GUIDING PRINCIPLES

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1.1.3 2009 MASTER PLAN UPDATE

1.1.4 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA POLICY ON SUSTAINABILITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Existing buildings at Itasca Station were assessed in 2006. This effort included functional and accessibility assessments for each building on the campus but did not address operating costs, energy efficiency, or other sustainable performance elements. It did, however, identify buildings that should be phased out or demolished due to their substandard condition. The 2009 Master Plan Update and this Sustainability Plan is consistent with the 2006 Facilities Assessment recommendations for decommissioning substandard buildings.

The 2009 Master Plan Update revisited the 2007 Master Plan for the Itasca Biological Station and Laboratories, and laid out a vision for a long-term sustainable emphasis at the Station. It introduced a path to a sustainable, zero-energy campus. This Plan is intended to complement the Master Plan Update and provide a framework for taking the next steps on that path.

In 2004, the University of Minnesota Board of Regents established a policy that addresses the University’s commitment to incorporating sustainability into its teaching, research, outreach, and operational support activities. It articulates a series of guiding principles and the expectation for each of the University campuses to address implementation of policies and procedures. The 2009 University of Minnesota Systemwide Sustainability document identifies goals and the process to achieve them. Consistent with these policies, the Itasca Sustainable Campus Plan establishes Itasca as a model of a sustainable campus. In defining on-going operational measures and metrics, the Plan provides a template for addressing the accountability and reporting expectations identified in the Board of Regents Policy.

Report.pdf

This Sustainable Campus Plan addresses the College of Biological Sciences guiding principles and the recommendations summarized in the 2009 Master Plan Update. The purpose of this Sustainable Campus Plan is to:

1. Provide Itasca Station leaders and staff with an assessment of current practices from a sustainability perspective and suggest strategies that can move the Campus toward reduced environmental impact, consistent with its


1.2 SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS PLAN

1.1.2 2006 FACILITIES ASSESSMENT

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location and mission. 2. Provide process recommendations to help Itasca Station guide its transformation toward an energy efficient and carbon-neutral future. 3. Provide a guide to sustainable building and infrastructure improvements at the Station, consistent with the Itasca Station Master Plan.

The Sustainable Campus Plan has been prepared with input from leadership at the College of Biological Sciences and Itasca Station. The Plan envisions input and participation from a broad group of stakeholders over a period of time to help to achieve a sustainable campus, encompassing research, education, and outreach programs at the Station and involving both administrative and operational support from the University.

The Sustainable Campus Plan seeks to integrate sustainability with all aspects of Itasca Biological Station’s operations, educational programs, and outreach activities.

1.3 DEFINING SUSTAINABILITY AT ITASCA BIOLOGICAL STATION

1.3.1 SUSTAINABILITY

The University Board of Regents has defined sustainability as “a continuous effort integrating environmental, social, and economic goals through design, planning, and operational organization to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Walking the shore of Lake Itasca, the importance of minimizing harm to the environment becomes tangible and immediate. Within its important educational mission, stressing sustainability is a perfect fit for the Itasca Biological Station. With growing concerns about climate change and clean water availability, it makes sense to place special emphasis on energy and water issues.

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1.3.2 CLIMATE NEUTRALITY

1.3.3 ZERO-ENERGY

all greenhouse gases) refers to achieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with an equivalent amount of carbon either sequestered or offset, often through the use of renewable energy production.

Pursuit of climate neutrality is consistent with the University of Minnesota Board of Regents Policy on Sustainability and Energy Efficiency. In addition, the University of Minnesota is a signatory to the American College and University Presidents’ Climate

eliminating them, and using offsets and other measures to mitigate what remains. It is the long-term goal of the Itasca Biological Station to become a carbon neutral campus. This report creates a path to carbon neutral operations.

Building energy use is major contributor to GHG emissions, but carbon neutrality encompasses more. For the purposes of the ACUPCC, the campus inventory includes direct emissions from campus activities, and indirect emissions from purchased energy and transportation. Although at this time more difficult to track, a comprehensive analysis would also consider emissions embodied in purchased goods and services, including food.

An important step toward climate neutrality involves measurement and reporting. For the ACUPCC protocol, current GHG emissions are summarized in a Greenhouse Gas Report, and a Climate Action Plan lays out the path forward.

The term “zero-energy” can have several different meanings, but it is generally defined as incorporating conservation measures and employing renewable energy components, principally on-site, sufficient to meet the net energy use of the Station or an individual building at the Station. Its primary focus is on energy use. Renewable energy components that produce on-site electricity are commonly connected to the electrical utility grid, using the grid as a balancing mechanism to accommodate the variability of renewable energy sources.

“Net zero site energy” means that the amount of energy produced on-site equals that brought to the site, as might be read from the electrical meter. Power supplied from a utility at times when there is little on-site production is at least equaled by overall on-site power production. “Net zero source energy” requires that the amount of energy produced on-site is at least equal to the total amount required to deliver energy from outside sources, including such things as power plant generation inefficiency and transmission losses. Source energy for power generation can be three times that ultimately delivered to the site. “Net zero energy cost” simply means that power sold back to a utility through net metering at least covers the total cost of power from the

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ITASCA BIOLOGICAL STATION AND LABORATORIESThe Path to Zero Energy

Existing Baseline Current Utilization Baseline with New ConNew Constr. EfficiencyDemolish Buildings Designated Summer UNew Constr. RenewEnergy Upgrades Campus Renewable EnergyReduction 238,685 1,137,960 874,042 733,171 602,580 539,488 1,694,200Energy Dema 3,840,901 3,602,216 5,581,441 4,443,481 3,569,439 2,836,268 2,233,688 1,694,200 0

Itasca Biological Station Master Plan UpdateThe Path to Zero Energy

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The path to zero energy at Itasca incorporates a range of sustainability strategies that can be employed campus-wide, evolving the Campus toward a zero-energy future. The chart at right quantifies the Campus energy use and illustrates the range of conservation, operational, and renewable strategies envisioned.

utility. For the purposes of this project, the initial consideration will be net zero site energy, but it will be important to move toward net zero source energy as a part of carbon neutrality.

Because renewable energy sources generally have greater first-cost than non-renewable sources, the first goal of a zero-energy building is to optimize various conservation and passive strategies in new and existing buildings to minimize the size and number of renewable energy components required to achieve net-zero energy use. Typically, in a zero-energy building, energy usage must be reduced by at least 70% below standard construction.

Itasca Station currently purchases electricity and propane from providers at variable cost

energy to create a common benchmark for annual energy use.

1.4 IMPLEMENTING THE SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS PLAN AT ITASCA BIOLOGICAL STATION

1.4.1 BUILDING AND CAMPUS PERFORMANCE REFERENCES AND GUIDELINES

There are numerous guidelines and references available to assist in sustainable design and development of buildings and campuses. Certain of these, such as the State Energy Code and the Minnesota Sustainable Building Guidelines may be required, depending upon project funding. The Green Team and architects hired by the University of Minnesota are strongly encouraged to use the following to help ensure the campus has a clear pathway to a carbon neutral campus.

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“A Green Team is a dedicated group of employees, working together to promote waste reduction, recycling, responsible purchasing in their workplace, and improve the bottom line. However, a Green Team who is focused on environmental sustainability as a whole can reinforce the importance of understanding the importance of taking all areas together, to see the broader picture of what environmental sustainability means.” -- excerpt from MNWasteWise Green Team document

A group of interested individuals focused on issues of campus sustainability will greatly help with implementation. General responsibilities of a Green Team can include:

College of Biological Sciences

new initiativesThe Green Team should utilize the included Priorities Charts as working documents to track goals and include new initiatives in the matrix with priorities for implementation.

Actual energy consumption and overall campus and building performance are influenced by climate variations, design, construction quality, operational measures, and occupant patterns of use. Because of these variables, on-going monitoring of energy use is a key component in achieving energy performance and should be integrated into any sustainable approach. The current metering is widely dispersed and tracks buildings with very different functions on the same meters, making it difficult to understand current energy use patterns and to track the success of upgrades.

1.4.2 GREEN TEAM


1.4.3 MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

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Monitoring and measurement systems should be installed to track energy and water consumption on campus. Separate meters should be installed on each building. Meters should be installed with consideration of the goal to network the metering into a “smart grid” and a centralized facility management system. The University of Minnesota Systemwide Sustainability document calls for all university buildings to be metered by 2012.

Monitor energy use and track renewable and non-renewable use on a seasonal and annual basis. Inventory and track greenhouse gas emissions. Measure progress, implement work plans, and develop a feedback loop for process improvement and further integration of new systems.

The College of Biological Sciences should look for collaborative opportunities with other departments, schools, and experts to explore cutting edge and advanced systems on the Itasca Biological Station campus. These can include investigations into building construction and maintenance technologies for cold climates, building or campus-scale renewable energy projects, water treatment or use projects, campus food production, student behavior studies, and so on. Such projects can offer opportunities for both research and education, promoting Itasca as a “living laboratory”.

Create outreach opportunities with Itasca State Park, Clearwater Polk, Department of Natural Resources, White Earth Band, Bemidji and Park Rapids. Coordinate initiatives for water use, renewable energy production, food production and so on, exploring expansion of programs beyond the immediate campus. This can improve community relations, take advantage of economies of scale, and reinforce for students the interconnectedness of systems.

This plan offers both broad and specific recommendations for campus development and operations. Some policy and operational initiatives may have little or no cost while other efforts will require considerable capital expenditure. The Plan is not intended to provide costs for the various proposals. Once priorities are established using this guide, more detailed information should be gathered, such as energy audits and improved metering in the case of buildings, that can lead to detailed scoping and estimating for projects or groups of projects. The following report and recommendations are based on site observations. Each narrative section includes specific recommendations with priorities for the campus as a whole, and a narrative of the intent of the recommendations.

1.4.4 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES

1.4.5 COMMUNITY OUTREACH

1.4.6 NEXT STEPS

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2.1 SITE AND TRANSPORTATION

The station is seated within the Itasca State Park, which is governed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. The University of Minnesota owns the buildings and infrastructure, while the Park owns the land. In 2009, The Station entered into a joint powers agreement with the Park. As a publicly owned facility within a public park, the Station is used for educational purposes. The Itasca Biological Station and Laboratories is operated by the College of Biological Sciences at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus.

Current StatusPaved roads are maintained to the entrance of the Itasca Biological Station campus on a year-round basis. The campus maintains its own roads within its property lines, both bituminous and gravel, and currently plows the major paved roads on the campus in winter. Trails are maintained in the winter for x-country skiing, a rink is established for skating near the shore, and some pedestrian paths are maintained in the winter for building access. The lake shore is kept in its natural state, other than the annual restoration of the beach.

IntentIncreasing absorption of roadway and path material further reduces the potential for direct runoff to surface water, including Lake Itasca. Environmentally preferred materials for roadways and trails reduces potential harmful runoff from roadways, and depending on the material, can encourage proper water filtration instead of additional and unnecessary runoff. Restoration of the shoreline encourages educational study and maintains a natural habitat at the edge of the campus.

RecommendationsMaintain existing roadways within the property line. Environmentally preferred roadway

pervious asphalt. Cluster parking in direct access to, but away from buildings. Move parking away from residential areas and from air intakes at other buildings to reduce exhaust entering buildings. Exhaust from vehicles can enter building and residences and affect indoor air quality. For trails, site generated mulch, pervious and open cell pavers can be used instead of poured concrete to allow additional water filtration and encourage a natural landscape.Discontinue the replacement of beach sand and allow area to return to a natural

PART TWO: GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1.1 ROADS, TRAILS, AND SHORELINE

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Current StatusLandscaping: Non-native species are not allowed on the campus unless contained in a greenhouse or similar structure. Currently, the only non-native species noted

maintained. Some initiatives have been taken to reintroduce near extinct plants on campus – deer are a persistent nuisance to the re-establishment of native plants.

Grounds Maintenance: The campus creates an annual burn pile, and depending on

Equipment: The Station owns several pieces of equipment, including a tractor, mower, and a plow as well as fleet vehicles. The main pieces of equipment run on gasoline and one runs on diesel. The fuel is purchased from Itasca State Park and it is not known at this time if any is a mixture of bio-fuels.

IntentAny pesticides and herbicides and fossil fuels used to maintain landscapes on the campus may contaminate the surface water and aquifers due to absorption and run-off. Minimizing and eliminating their use improves water quality. Burning landscape and forest debris contributes to air pollution, and quickly introduces carbon and toxins into the atmosphere.

RecommendationsAny trees or plantings need to be on the state park approved list, or similar. Eliminate the need for burning by composting plant, leaves, and grass clippings, and mulch tree and shrub debris. Utilize mulch for landscape areas and pathways. Initially, reduce

bluegrass and other non-native species outside of the athletic fields and replace over time with native grass and flower mixes that require infrequent or no mowing. Encourage Itasca State Park to buy fuels from renewable sources. Purchase equipment

electricity.

2.1.2 LANDSCAPING, GROUNDS MAINTENANCE, AND EQUIPMENT

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Current StatusMost transportation is between the Twin Cities and the Itasca campus. Public transportation to and from the campus is not available. Incoming freshmen are predominantly transported by tour bus, with some use of private cars. All group transportation is arranged through the University of Minnesota. Graduate students and faculty arrive by private vehicles. On campus, most transportation is pedestrian, or possibly bicycle. Some off-site lodging is provided to some of the campus residents. Transportation is required to bring these students and faculty to the campus during learning periods.

IntentItasca’s remote location requires transportation by personal vehicle and tour-style bus for students. Reducing the climate impact of vehicle transportation by car-pooling and encouraging university vehicles that utilize hybrid technology will have a cumulative effect on reducing the campus’ overall climate impact.

RecommendationsEncourage a vehicle-free lifestyle on campus. Reduce the amount of students staying in off-campus lodging to reduce transportation needs. This may be dependent on providing new housing on the campus and is tied to Phase II recommendations. Arrange bus transport to and from campus. When cars are needed, utilize car sharing programs and organize car pools. Over time, purchase hybrid technology or electric vehicles for campus staff.

Current StatusAll dietary needs on the campus are met with off-campus food sources. The campus head cook sources and provides locally grown meats, dairy and produce. Much of the produce is organically grown and some of the meat and dairy is from free range animals. Each year, the head cook finds additional sources of organic and locally grown ingredients to supplement the campus menu. The head cook is also actively engaged in shepherding a campus-wide compost project from feasibility study to production. Site-generated compost can have a dual function: first, to reduce the amount of waste removed from campus, and second, to provide a viable and nutrient-rich soil and soil amendment, either for use on the campus or for sale. This is an important component to long-term sustainability of the Itasca Biological Station.

A challenge for compost generation and campus agriculture is gaining approval from Itasca State Park. Current regulations restrict compost generation, landscape materials, and agriculture production because of the possible introduction of non-native species to the park. Pre-approval of compost generation equipment and allowable compostable materials must be granted from the state park.

2.1.3 TRANSPORTATION

2.1.4 CAMPUS AGRICULTURE

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It is a goal of the campus head cook and other campus staff and faculty to grow much of the produce consumed during peak sessions on campus. Growing these non-native species will also require approval by the State Park.

IntentCompost generation and campus sustainable agriculture are important components to long-term sustainability of the Itasca Biological Station. Reducing the amount of waste leaving the campus and providing much of the campus dietary needs on-site contribute to the long-term ability for the campus to reach climate neutral goals.

Site-produced compost and food can be significant learning and teaching tools for campus staff, faculty, and students, as well as model of sustainability for similar campuses around the world.

Because of Itasca’s particularly short growing season, it will be important to demonstrate a method of composting and growing organic produce specific to this cold climate.

RecommendationsInitial recommendations for sustainable campus agriculture dovetails with compost

that spin-style compost equipment be utilized adjacent to the Dining Hall. Compostable food waste such as coffee grounds generated in other buildings should be collected as well. Yard and site waste should be collected and composted. Compost practices need to prevent introduction of non-native species into the park.

While campus agriculture will not provide all of the food for the campus, students can benefit from an understanding of the acreage, water, effort etc. required per student to provide a given number of food calories. An analysis of campus attendance and the caloric output of certain crops can determine whether campus agriculture, perhaps combined with programs with the local community or tribe, could produce food equivalent to the campus need.

Terrance Nennich, a master gardener at Crookston Extension Services, has developed a method, called the “high tunnel” system, for growing produce in a cold climate such as Itasca. It allows for the growing season to be extended 6-13 weeks. High tunnel tents must be located in an open, sunny and level location. It is assumed an area at the south end of campus could be used. Staffing food production is thought to require approximately one person, half time.

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In this symbolic location at the Mississippi headwaters, good water management is integral to both the sustainable and educational missions of the Itasca Biological Station. Reduced water consumption will also save energy. Well pumps are used less, and water heaters heat less water.

Current Status Every year the state tests the wells for E-coli and nitrites. No E-coli has been detected,

The water in the area has high iron content. The water on campus is softened in a traditional added salt method. No water meters are used except on one water softener.

2.2.1 WATER QUALITY

Priority

Enforce vehicle-free zones at the heart of the campus

Use environmentally preferred trail and road materials Use permeable pavers or pavement material for walkways, roads, parking areas, and trails Utilize buses and hybrid campus vehicles for travel between campuses

Emulate indigenous ecosystem in landscaping Eliminate use of chemical fertilizers

2 Irrigate with grey water Consider natural lake shore versus replacement of sand beach

Install site-specific recycling collection location at a central point Install site lighting with shielded fixtures and low pathway lighting for night skies visibility 3 Develop campus Landscape Master Plan consistent with sustainable practices

2.2 WATER QUALITY AND USE

2.1.5 SITE PRIORITIES

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IntentWell water quality can be adversely affected by contaminants. Wastewater returning to the aquifer should be as clean as when it was originally drawn from the wells.

Recommendations Test wells for bacterial and other contaminants. Use phosphate free products, and ban others, like phosphate containing detergents and soaps, from campus, Use chlorine free cleaning products. Coordinate new chemical-free policies with Itasca State Park initiatives.

Current Status The soil on the campus grounds has high permeability. There is a natural filtration strip established along all shorelines. Storm water run-off from buildings, roads, and walkways is not collected or captured. For the most part, buildings do not have gutter systems.

Intent Protect lake water quality from being affected by polluted runoff from site during heavy rainfalls. Hard surfaces, including roads, paths, and buildings contribute rapid run-off in major storm events and seasonal melt. Chemicals from roofing, oil leaks on parking lots, etc. can be washed into the lake. Reducing the amount of storm water run-off, and capturing run-off from buildings for re-use reduces negative impacts on water quality in surrounding surface water.

Recommendations Design new buildings to capture rainwater or direct it to retaining areas to prevent overflow into the lake. Collect rainwater for non-potable use such as garden areas and toilets. Create vegetated roofs for slow transpiration. Design roads and pathways for percolation of storm water and filtration of contaminants.

Current Status The station uses a traditional waste water system utilizing a lift station at the Itasca State Park. The State Park’s clay-lined settling pond is sized to accommodate additional wastewater, and has additional capacity. Further exploration is needed to determine the benefits and drawbacks of Itasca State Park’s wastewater treatment facility.

Intent Reducing wastewater and treating on site are consistent with the Biological Station’s

2.2.2 STORM WATER

2.2.3 WASTE WATER

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educational mission. Water conservation strategies will reduce the amount of wastewater entering the system.

Recommendations Creating and utilizing an on-campus wetland waste management system is appropriate for the headwaters site, and can encourage learning and data collection. These natural systems have been proven effective and beneficial in many communities. Further study is needed to determine whether there is adequate space for a constructed wetland treatment facility at Itasca Biological Station.

Reduce the amount of food waste from the residences and Dining Hall entering the waste water stream. Consider composting toilets in new buildings and remodeling. One cabin may be outfitted with a composting system and a grey water collection system, etc. as part of a wastewater conservation experiment. These measures can be tied to overall water conservation strategies.

Current Status

regulations, and shower heads do not meet current regulations, except for the showers in Buildings 4, 50, and 54. Lavatory sink faucets, generally, meet current regulations on campus, and other newer fixtures meet current regulations. All washing machines are top load units with high water use, with the exception of one front load washer. There

120’ deep. The water is used for domestic purposes: laundry, cleaning, cooking, and sanitary. Water is not used for irrigation, except in newly planted or seeded areas. Most drinking water is bottled water.

The well system at Itasca is a redundant system, with a well and pit system that allows for maximum controllability if any of the wells goes off-line. Buildings that house the

These buildings are kept at 60 degrees in winter.

Wells are tested by the State of Minnesota for nitrates, nitrites, nitrogen, as well as

since 1998. No coliform has been detected.

2.2.4 WATER SUPPLY, USE, AND REUSE

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improved water pressure.

Utilizes Operating Budget funding sources or special grants or gifts to make system-wide infrastructure improvements to the campus.

22,23,24,25,27, 50, 26, 39, 51) Has a newer metered water softener with a flow rate at 3.6.

Intent Reduce the amount of potable water use. Despite a possible perception of water abundance in an area of lakes, aquifers recharge is a serious concern.

Water reuse is an important part of water reduction strategy. Grey water and rain water collection for non-potable use can demonstrate water conservation initiatives.

Reduce or eliminate water from off-site sources. Bottled water has high economic, energy and waste costs, and it puts a burden on recycling.

Recommendations Confirm safety of on-site water for drinking, and install a water filtration system in at least one well location where drinking water containers can be filled for improved taste and cooking.

Replace all 3 GPF fixtures with dual-flush or 1.28 gallon toilets. Based on current counts, this could reduce water use in these fixtures by 45%. Replace all showerheads with very low flow heads. Based on current counts, this could reduce water use in showers by 32%.

A cabin may be outfitted with a grey water collection system as part of a wastewater conservation experiment. These measures can be tied to overall water conservation strategies.

Current Status Ground water in the area comes from multiple aquifers, one of which is the Minnesota Aquifer. Water use in the community is a lower priority issue in the area, as there is an appearance of an abundance of water. Water quality in the lakes in the immediate vicinity is high, but concerns of invasive aquatic species are growing; although no invasive species have been identified in the Lake Itasca specifically at this time. The lake is used for recreational purposes including boating, fishing, and swimming.

2.2.5 COMMUNITY WATER NEEDS

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Station. Itasca State Park has some educational placards within its bath facilities to educate the general public.

IntentIt is important for the community around Itasca Biological Station, and for visitors to the campus, to comprehend the important role Itasca plays on the Mississippi River watershed. Through campus demonstrations of strategies for responsible water management, visitors can take and apply this knowledge to their own communities.

Recommendations Create informational graphics of water management strategies, relating efforts to the Mississippi and its greater watershed, showing the impact of people at all points along the river.

2.2.6 WATER PRIORITIES

Priority 1 Monitor water usage using well meters linked to smart system Water usage should be on the Green Team agenda for ongoing improvements

showerheads) Capture rainwater for agriculture Address global water supply concerns with education Combine water education synergy with Itasca State Park Locate a “water-filling” station with filtered water for drinking 2 Treat grey water for reuse for non-potable purposes Synergy with other neighboring communities Collect and treat rain water for water supply

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Current Status Energy conservation does not appear to have been a major consideration of campus development through a large part of its history, but the campus staff and faculty have been making strides toward reducing energy consumption by replacing fixtures, equipment, and devices with energy efficient models as older ones need to be replaced.

The facilities manager has replaced a number of T12 fluorescent lamps on campus with new T8 technology. Also, incandescent bulbs are being phased out and replaced with compact fluorescent bulbs. Some of the existing outdoor timed lighting is being replaced with photocell technology to reduce the amount of time required to reset timers due to daylight savings. The facilities manager is also experimenting with a photocell light at the campus mailbox to reduce energy consumption.

Energy Supply: The Station uses a mix of electricity and propane. All utility lines are buried.

Electrical power is provided by Clearwater Polk Cooperative, which is run by Minnkota

Electricity is delivered to a substation located at the edge of the Station’s property and delivered to ten main transformers, which have main panels that feed into each building

metered together, making it difficult to monitor usage. The utility is required to buy back site generated electricity at 100% of its retail value. There are rebates available through the electricity provider for energy upgrades, which need to be applied for in advance of the work. Wind energy can be purchased from Minnkota from their “Infinity Wind Energy” program, currently at an additional cost of $2.50 per 100 kWh. This premium supports the wind turbine program.

Bemidji Coop Association supplies propane. There are eleven propane tanks, providing

2.3 ENERGY USE

2.3.1 EFFICIENCY

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Buildings 43, 44, 45, 48, 54 and the campground. All other tanks flow to multiple

off-peak electricity used for the remainder of the usage.

Building Performance and Impacts on Energy Use: In general, the buildings are inefficient energy consumers primarily due to older construction practices that did not consider energy conservation measures. Windows do not have good overall R-value. There is inadequate insulation and large amounts of infiltration due to inadequate vapor barriers and inefficient sealing practices or sealants that have deteriorated over time. There are numerous instances of thermal bridging and heat loss. Inefficient appliances, equipment and fixtures can be found throughout the campus. Through site testing and energy modeling it has been determined that some buildings, such as the Dining Hall, are particularly large energy consumers. Some buildings have large ventilation needs such as the labs with vent hoods, newer bathhouses with ventilation fans, and the kitchen with exhaust vent hoods. Only buildings #4 and #44 have Energy

Appliances, Equipment and Fixtures and Impacts on Energy Use: Many of the electric appliances on campus are older models, pre-dating Energy Star ratings. This includes washers, dryers, refrigerators, ranges, furnaces, and water heaters, microwaves, and a vending machine. The campus appears to have significant “phantom” loads due to the nature of maintaining year-round partial function of many of the campus buildings. Each cabin and building is outfitted with wireless internet technology, available throughout the campus at all times.

Intent This plan outlines several concurrent initiatives to move the campus toward net zero energy use:

Maintenance Upgrades:operational changes to conserve energy.

Remodeling: Significant upgrades to existing buildings to maximize energy efficiency. Initially, certain buildings might be used as demonstration projects.

New Buildings: Design new buildings to perform well below current energy standards, with a view toward zero energy building.

Recommendations 1. Evaluate existing buildings and identify candidates for energy upgrades:

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least 10-30% energy use reduction.

cost-prohibitive to retrofit for 10-30% energy use reduction.

prohibitive to retrofit for on-going use.

2. Reduce energy use in existing buildings, particularly those designated for year- round use, and fulfill remaining needs with renewable energy:

meters.

remote kill switches, efficient scheduling of building use etc.

requirements through renewable means for existing buildings.

3. Deep cuts in energy use in new construction and fulfill remaining needs with renewable energy:

over standard buildings of same type, with the higher reduction necessary where there is less solar access for renewable energy. For the deep reduction in energy, Passive House design standards may be used. Strict adherence to the standards might allow the elimination of a traditional mechanical system, providing heating and cooling through ventilation and only supplementing with point sources where need arises.

needs.

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Current Status No alternative or renewable sources of energy are provided on-site and there are no efforts in place to buy renewable energy from the Utility at this time

IntentIntegrate renewable energy systems into new construction, remodeling, and campus wide initiatives, gradually replacing current fossil fuel based systems. Explore on-site and off-site renewable energy partnerships with the local utility. Explore opportunities in partnership with other University research units to investigate energy producing technologies

Recommendation 1: Solar Thermal Water Heating Once water conservation measures have been installed at existing structures, provide solar thermal collectors for 100% of the water heating demand at selected existing structures and all new construction where there is adequate solar access.

Generally, solar thermal water heating systems can interface with traditional plumbing systems and be combined with wastewater management systems. Possible interface with in-floor or other hot water heating systems is possible when supplemental heat for new construction is provided through radiant floor systems. Prioritize the installation of solar thermal to year-round buildings with significant hot water needs such as year-

sinks, and laboratories.

Solar access and system size analysis will need to be carried out on a building-by-building basis.

Primary Applications: Building 50 and 54: Bath Houses Building 60: Manager’s Residence Building 53: Dining Hall Secondary Applications:

Building 73: New Campus Center Building 75: New year-round Student Cabins

2.3.2 RENEWABLE ENERGY

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Recommendation 2: Off-Site Renewables As campus energy use is reduced, move toward purchase of 100% wind power from Minnkota via Clearwater Polk Cooperative. This would result in additional cost per unit of energy, which will need to be analyzed and negotiated by the Station in partnership with the Utility. This will provide incentive to the Utility and reduce the dependence on non-renewable and polluting resources such as coal. In the interim, continue using propane at off-peak times until more electricity is generated on campus by renewable energy.

Recommendation 3: Propane Use

electricity provided by increased on-site and off-site renewable energy efforts.

Recommendation 4: On-Site Renewables Provide grid-connected electricity production through renewable, non-combustion resources on-site at the Itasca Biological Station. Systems can be purchased with and integrated into construction projects, or may be installed as campus-wide systems.

Options are available, though each must be analyzed with regard to life span, long term operation, cost of installation, maintenance and operations, and integration with other systems at the campus.

Renewable technologies have a life span that generally averages around 25-35 years. Research is being conducted in extending the life span of current technologies such as photovoltaic, wind and geothermal and also making other renewable technologies like hydrogen fuel cells, small scale wind, solar combi-system or geo-solar etc. more viable. The Itasca Biological Station can explore partnerships with local utilities to defray the life span costs of renewable energy in exchange for an ongoing and stable demand,

Solar Photovoltaic Energy On-site, grid-connected, centralized solar photovoltaic array, if the solar access and space is available for a central campus energy center. This array can be interfaced and connected with existing electrical utility to back-feed the utility when electrical energy on-site production exceeds demand. On-site source of electricity will reduce transmission losses but still have efficiency of scale due to the size of the station. This will also allow propane and other combustion based, carbon producing methods to be reduced and eventually eliminated.

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Photovoltaics will generally interface well with building or campus electrical systems. In addition to a large centralized solar array, which has economies and efficiencies of scale, new construction projects scheduled for year-round use with adequate access to sunlight can be integrated with solar panel roof design or façade finish, outdoor canopies, or sun-shading.

Geothermal Energy Geothermal is a non-variable reliable source of energy that makes use of the

closed loop system with heat pumps can provide direct heating and cooling capacity for the campus. Installing loops in the lake would likely be viable from an energy and maintenance perspective, but is unlikely to be allowed by the State Park. The heat pumps require electricity to run which can be provided either by off-site renewable systems, a small array of on-site photovoltaics, or small scale wind. The carbon, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide etc. released during the digging of geothermal wells is miniscule compared to the carbon released during combustion based resources. Geothermal wells have long life spans. The lifetime of equipment such as heat pumps etc. will depend upon the manufacturer.

System size analysis for any of the resources outlined above or combinations thereof will need to be carried out as funds become available for design and installation of systems.

Primary Applications: Buildings 50 and 54: Bath Houses

Building 73: New Campus Center Buildings 60 and 70 combined: Caretaker’s Residence and Biologist’s House Secondary Applications: Building 75: New year-round Student Cabins

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Recommendation 5: On-Site Experimental Renewable SystemsIn addition to research related to the systems mentioned above, there may be potential for partnerships with other research groups within and outside the University of Minnesota to develop and utilize renewable energy.

Biomass Wood is available as a fuel for wood burning fireplaces or wood stoves. There are potential research opportunities for the design and testing of highly efficient

during the burning of wood.

Other local biomass resources, such as agricultural waste or waste from local wood industries, may be available. These might offer both research and energy production opportunities, through burning, gasification, biochar production and so on.

On-site bio-based fuels such as algae can be researched. In addition, other ideas such as active building envelope systems based upon a convergence of architecture and biological process can be pursued.

Primary Applications: Central Campus Energy Center Secondary Applications: Fireplaces or wood stoves in existing or new buildings

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Wind Power At the Itasca Station, large-scale on-site wind power solutions have not been considered due to the Station’s location within Itasca State Park. Small-scale wind solutions are possible but are not likely to produce efficient energy due to predominance of trees, variable wind patterns, and generally low wind velocities. Small scale wind energy systems research could potentially be part of renewable energy resource research. Wind power can be integrated with electrical site utilities, including back-feeding of utility grid.

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2.3.3 ENERGY PRIORITIES

Priority 1 Allow for regular energy use audits, monitoring and tracking on individual building basis Allow for maintenance and audit of renewables to ensure maximum efficiencies Member of Green Team should be key player on Facilities Group to allow for ongoing innovations in energy use Set yearly goals for energy use to be reviewed by Green Team for ongoing energy efficiency efforts Very efficient new construction - utilize performance standards to achieve measures Provide ventilation based on airtightness of building Prevent air leaks, replace windows if necessary, insulate attics and

Right-size mechanical system through energy modeling

and good solar access) Motion sensor based controls on year round buildings Cleaning, commissioning, balancing of duct pressure Cleaning and keeping registers and vents blockage free Replace remaining exterior site lighting with photocell controlled fixtures Weekly check of lighting and temperature controls Minimize phantom loads Pre- and post-test buildings in an energy audit prior to renovation 2 Maximize efficiency as affordable to retrofit existing buildings Allow for complete shut down of systems in intermittent and summer-only use

Allow for occupancy sensor based controls in seasonal buildings Create air tight barrier, high insulation levels, replace with efficient windows,

3 Meet energy needs with renewable energy

building upgrades)

geothermal) Biomass as an experimental renewable technology as fuel types are available

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Current StatusAmerican Disposal handles two dumpsters. They are used more in the school year and only pick up when needed. The State Park composts yard waste only. Otherwise, as mentioned above, other yard waste is burned. There is no compost on site. There could be a concern with invasive species and transplant of seeds, etc.

RecommendationsThe first priority is to reduce the amount of waste produced. A majority of trash is biodegradable food products that could be composted. Food and other compost should be collected and separated near the source, and delivered by staff or students to the Sanitation House. Adequate compost containers should be provided in the

what can be composted and what cannot. An education piece should be displayed illustrating what the compost is used for – e.g. the high tunnel gardens and other landscaping.

Current StatusSome recycling of paper, plastics, glass, and aluminum occurs. Hubbard County collects the recycling and it is sorted at the county recycling facility.

RecommendationsA campus-wide plan should be implemented to reduce the amount of waste and increase the amount of recycled material.

Move trash and recycling from view of the cabins and make it easy to access. Make multiple collection points and compost and recycling in each cabin. Make trash bins relatively small to show that everything possible goes to compost or recycling.

trays

2.4.1 FOOD WASTE

2.4.2 RECYCLING

2.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT

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Current StatusThe Station has hazardous chemicals on the campus that require separate storage and disposal, which happens on an annual basis. The station currently follows required containment and disposal.

IntentHazardous waste has the potential to impact air and water quality.

RecommendationsContinue to strictly follow containment and disposal protocols.

2.4.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE

Priority 1 Monitor and track waste and recycling collection to calculate reductions Composting Organics - only items not accepted for recycling Establish education, establishment of new programs beyond the basics

Allow for recycling and compost stations in each building where allowed Purchase all office goods with end of life disposal plan in mind Create a scheduling plan for building use based on occupancy and seasons Require a reusable water bottle for visitors to reduce plastic waste Educate all visitors about campus waste efforts Provide brief bulletin follow waste diversion procedures 2 Allow for durability of materials specified Conduct half-yearly audits - “waste - sort” with Green Team 3 Equipment and fixtures, etc. not used within 2 years is resold or recycled Plan for adaptable reuse of building, assemblies or deconstruction Separation of materials waste as follows

Soils, biomass - 100%

2.4.4 WASTE PRIORITIES

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Current StatusThe Station has been told they are 15% ADA accessible which, they maintain, complies with their needs. All new construction is compliant, and there are ramps that can be installed and uninstalled as needed. There have been no complaints received regarding compliance or lack of accessibility.

Current StatusRadon levels were checked at building 70 and the levels were under the state recommended guidelines for remediation. Some of the buildings that are condemned have mold. No other mold is known to exist in large quantities. It is not known whether HEPA filtration is installed on all furnaces. Asbestos has been abated from some buildings that have had mechanicals replaced, such as Building 48. Lead is assumed to exist on the campus due to the age of the buildings. Chemical-free ionizing cleaners are being evaluated for effectiveness.

IntentProvide adequate fresh air and minimize indoor pollutants.

Recommendations

Manager) attend a one-day training course on proper lead abatement procedures. Review general cleaning protocols and cleaners with the Green Team, and work

cleaning systems. Establish standards for new construction and remodeling to

2.5.1 ACCESSIBILITY

2.5.2 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

2.5 CAMPUS HEALTH

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2.5.3 HEALTH PRIORITIES

Priority 1 Follow ADA requirements as a minimum in providing access Special hoods and venting for lab spaces and kitchen Establish healthy cleaning protocols Construction practices to discourage mold growth Specify materials and finishes with low or no VOCs 2 Separate ventilation for bathrooms, kitchens etc. Air changes per minimum ASHRAE requirements Continuous monitoring for air quality Pre-occupancy air quality testing Air Quality Assurance construction protocols

3 Heat recovery at all venting Dirt track-off entry mats

minimize potential for mold growth. Establish standards for products and construction materials to minimize VOCs. Require that all material specifications for maintenance, remodeling and new construction carry out a study of the Material Safety Data Sheets of recommended materials. As infiltration is reduced in some buildings, utilize mechanical

interior spaces. Limit use of pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and fungicide designed to kill weeds, insects, molds and fungus, inside and outside. It is recommended that radon levels be checked on a biannual basis.

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Current StatusThere is one vending machine located outside the Dining Hall. It is old and inefficient, but turned off during the winter months. Food provided to the students during the school year is prepared by the Head Cook who, along with the Station Manager, purchase food supplies from several sources including US Food Service, Henry’s, Cisco Foods, Land O’ Lakes, Wholesome Foods, and meat and produce from local producers. The Head Cook tries to secure food from local sources when possible and will be increasing this endeavor over time. Office supplies are purchased through the Itasca Program Coordinator. It is unknown how much or what percentage is Environmentally

Building Maintenance A facilities assessment was performed on the campus in 2006, and recommendations were made at the time. Station employees, contracted through the University, provide maintenance. The Station Manager directs maintenance activities.

2.6.2 ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE PURCHASING

Current StatusMost buildings are conventional wood construction, with some use of concrete and concrete masonry. There are extensive nearby forests certified by the Forest Stewardship

IntentAvoid building materials that have high long-term environmental impact. Specify durable materials, and establish preference for materials sourced closer to the site and those utilizing renewable and sustainable sources, and less energy in production and transportation.

Recommendations

standards for material content to be avoided in new materials. Factor environmental life

materials for extended life expectancy. Encourage use of locally sourced materials, avoiding high transportation impacts. Acquire wood materials on site or from FSC or SFI certified forests. Encourage reduction of use of materials, and minimization of construction and demolition waste. Require that a minimum of 90% of construction and demolition waste be diverted from landfill.

2.6.1 BUILDING MATERIALS

2.6 MATERIALS

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2.6.3 MATERIALS PRIORITIES

Priority 1 Green Team members create and track targets for materials and purchasing Discontinue use of, abate, or send to hazardous waste the following:

polyethylene, CFCs, neoprene, formaldehyde, halogenated flame retardants,

PVC, wood treatments containing creosote, arsenic or pentachlorophenol, chlorine, phosphorous, nitrates Third party certification for sustainable resource extraction For timber - Forest Stewardship Council or Sustainable Forestry Initiative Preference for salvaged sources of materials Intentional harvest of timber on-site for clearing area of construction

post-consumer recycled content) Purchase goods in bulk with recyclable or compostable packaging Research the local recycling sources and align purchasing with the materials that the recycling program is able to process Member of Green Team to be key person in purchasing group. Purchase only green cleaners in bulk

guidelines Carbon calculator for all new building assemblies based upon 100 year occupancy 3 Carbon offset reduced by 50% for renovation and energy upgrades of existing buildings One time carbon offset based on the total footprint of embodied carbon Third part certification for sustainable resource extraction

RecommendationsEstablish standards for purchasing non-polluting cleaners, furniture, building materials and equipment for existing and new construction. Other considerations include environmental life cycle impacts of materials. Refer to the University of Minnesota Sustainable Purchasing Policy at . The General Service Administration offers information and guidance for environmentally preferable purchasing at

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PART THREE: FACILITY IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE

3.1 GUIDE TO BUILDING USE

The demolition of sixteen unsafe and substandard existing single purpose buildings is combined with consolidated new and remodeled existing buildings to create a sustainable campus that meets the program and educational objectives at Itasca.

The energy performance of these buildings has been analyzed and tested or estimated as part of this Plan to generate a model of projected energy use, or an energy “pro-forma” for the Campus.

Current energy use, provided by propane and electricity, has been

per year. Proposed improvements to the physical infrastructure reflect potential reductions in energy use based on analysis, modeling, and projected goals for new construction. construction.

energy efficient construction based on modeling and testing performed as part of this Implementation Plan.

The 2009 Master Plan Update established a long-term sustainable vision, and proposed how to begin moving the campus toward climate neutrality. The following Facility Implementation Guide builds on these general goals and refines and organizes them into a proposed action plan for campus building development.

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ITASCA BIOLOGICAL STATION AND LABORATORIESGUIDE TO BUILDING USE

Bldg. No. Name Existing Notes/Funding Sources Estim. Exst. ProposedGSF Kbtu/year Kbtu/year

BUILDINGS TO BE DEMOLISHED5 Faculty Cabin 580 Demolish during Phase 2 35960 06 Faculty Cabin 580 Demolish during Phase 2 35960 07 Faculty Cabin 400 Demolish during Phase 2 24800 010 Faculty Cabin 486 Demolish during Phase 2 30132 022 Student Cabin (Women) 475 Demolish during Phase 2 1520 023 Student Cabin (Women) 475 Demolish during Phase 2 1520 024 Student Cabin (Women) 400 Demolish during Phase 2 1280 025 Student Cabin (Women) 400 Demolish during Phase 2 1280 032 Student Cabin (Men) 475 Demolish during Phase 2 1520 033 Student Cabin (Men) 475 Demolish during Phase 2 1520 036 Student Cabin (Men) 475 Demolish during Phase 2 1520 040 Neuro Laboratory 2111 Demolish after Phase 1 189990 041 Botany Laboratory 1817 Demolish after Phase 1 163530 043 Administration 1168 Demolish after Phase 1 105120 047 Offices/Computer Rm. 2461 Demolish after Phase 1 221490 053 Dining Hall/Kitchen 6285 Demolish/Rebuild 785625 0

1602767 0SUPPORT BUILDINGS (NO HEAT OR WATER)46 Boathouse 491 Maint./Oper. Improvements 0 10% reduct.57 Well Pump 86 Maint./Oper. Improvements 3870 10% reduct.58 Restroom 320 Maint./Oper. Improvements 2880 10% reduct.61 Shop Building 1994 Maint./Oper. Improvements 17946 10% reduct.62 Garage 196 Maint./Oper. Improvements 392 10% reduct.63 Warehouse 2081 Maint./Oper. Improvements 4162 10% reduct.64 New Warehouse 1800 Maint./Oper. Improvements 3600 10% reduct.65 Campground Bathhouse 616 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1232 10% reduct.69 Garage 1456 Maint./Oper. Improvements 0 10% reduct.

34082 30674SUMMER-USE ONLY BUILDINGS3 Faculty Cabin 1188 Maint./Oper. Improvements 3802 3422 10% reduct.8 Faculty Cabin 576 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1843 1659 10% reduct.9 Faculty Cabin 269 Maint./Oper. Improvements 861 775 10% reduct.20 Student Cabin (Women) 400 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1280 1024 10% reduct.21 Student Cabin (Women) 400 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1280 1024 10% reduct.26 Student Cabin (Women) 572 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1830 1647 10% reduct.35 Student Cabin (Men) 475 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1520 1368 10% reduct.36 Student Cabin (Men) 475 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1520 1368 10% reduct.37 Student Cabin (Men) 552 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1520 1368 10% reduct.38 Student Cabin (Men) 552 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1766 1590 10% reduct.39 Student Cabin (Women) 572 Maint./Oper. Improvements 1766 1590 10% reduct.45 Laboratory/Animal Hold. 2291 M/O Improv./Summer Use 206190 41238 80% reduct.49 Laboratory 1266 M/O Improv./Summer Use 113940 22788 80% reduct.67 Sanitation/Fish House 196 Maint./Oper. Improvements 0 0 10% reduct.71 Faculty Cabin 230 Maint./Oper. Improvements 14260 12834 10% reduct.72 Faculty Cabin 286 Maint./Oper. Improvements 17732 15959 10% reduct.

371110 109654YEAR-ROUND NEW OR RECENTLY RENOVATED BUILDINGS4 Faculty Cabin 1942 Maint./Oper. Improvements 85448 76903 10% reduct.27 New Cabin (Women) 936 Maint./Oper. Improvements 41184 37065 10% reduct.31 Student Cabin (Men) 475 Maint./Oper. Improvements 29450 26505 10% reduct.44 Old Lakeside Laboratory 1600 Maint./Oper. Improvements 121600 109440 10% reduct.50 Wm.Bathhouse/Laundry 884 Maint./Oper. Improvements 88400 79560 10% reduct.54 Mn Bathhouse/Laundry 1600 Maint./Oper. Improvements 160000 144000 10% reduct.

526082 473473YEAR-ROUND BUILDINGS TO BE RENOVATED1 Faculty Cabin 859 HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv. 53258 37281 30% reduct.2 Faculty Cabin 3200 HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv. 198400 138880 30% reduct.11 Faculty Cabin 810 Maint./Oper. Improvements 50220 32643 30% reduct.12 Faculty Cabin 797 Maint./Oper. Improvements 49414 32119 30% reduct.13 Faculty Cabin 1121 Maint./Oper. Improvements 69502 45176 30% reduct.51 Old Infirmary 802 HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv. 49724 34807 30% reduct.52 Old Cook's Cabin 584 HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv. 36208 25346 30% reduct.60 Manager's House 1536 HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv. 95232 66662 30% reduct.70 Biologist's House 1338 HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv. 82956 58069 30% reduct.48 Research Lab/Library 4255 HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv. 382950 268065 30% reduct.

1067864 739048YEAR-ROUND NEW CONSTRUCTION5a Faculty Cabin (new) Phase 2 Capital Project 0 24000 10 kbtu goal6a Faculty Cabin (new) Phase 2 Capital Project 0 24000 10 kbtu goal7a Faculty Cabin (new) Phase 2 Capital Project 0 24000 10 kbtu goal10a Faculty Cabin (rebuilt new) 486 Phase 2 Capital Project 0 4860 10 kbtu goal75 New year-round Dormitory Phase 2 Capital Project 0 120000 10 kbtu goal73 New Campus Center Phase 1 Capital Project 0 324000 30 kbtu goal74 New Classroom Bldg. Phase 2 Capital Project 0 67980 30 kbtu goal53a Dining Hall/Kitchen 4000 HEAPR Funds/Capital Project 0 100000 25 kbtu goal

0 688840

TOTAL KBTU/SF/YEAR 3601905 2041689

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3.2 GUIDE TO HOUSING USE

The Plan envisions housing at Itasca Biological Station to accommodate 75 students, faculty, and staff year-round, and 150 during the summer.

New, energy efficient year-round housing, renovations to poor performing but improvable existing cabins, designation of poor energy performing existing cabins as summer-only use, and the demolition of unsafe and inadequate cabins are all necessary to meet the housing needs at Itasca and fulfill the campus energy objectives.

New construction of Building

accommodations) and cabins 5a, 6a, 7a, and 10 are priorities that will have the most significant effect on the quality of programs and the energy performance of the campus as a whole.

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ITASCA BIOLOGICAL STATION AND LABORATORIESGUIDE TO HOUSING USE

Bldg. No. Name Existing Proposed Notes/Funding SourcesBeds Beds

SUMMER STUDENT HOUSING20 Student Cabin (Women) 6 621 Student Cabin (Women) 6 622 Student Cabin (Women) 6 0 Demolish during Phase 223 Student Cabin (Women) 6 0 Demolish during Phase 224 Student Cabin (Women) 6 0 Demolish during Phase 225 Student Cabin (Women) 6 0 Demolish during Phase 226 Student Cabin (Women) 8 832 Student Cabin (Men) 8 0 Demolish during Phase 233 Student Cabin (Men) 8 0 Demolish during Phase 235 Student Cabin (Men) 8 836 Student Cabin (Men) 8 0 Demolish during Phase 237 Student Cabin (Men) 8 838 Student Cabin (Men) 8 839 Student Cabin (Women) 8 8YEAR-ROUND STUDENT HOUSING27 New Cabin (Women) 11 1131 Student Cabin (Men) 8 850 Wm.Bathhouse/Laundry54 Mn Bathhouse/LaundryPROPOSED NEW STUDENT HOUSING75 New year-round Dormitory 48 Phase 2 Capital Project

TOTAL STUDENT BEDS 119 119

Bldg. No. Name Existing ProposedBedrooms Bedroms

SUMMER FACULTY/STAFF HOUSING5 Faculty Cabin 1 0 Demolish during Phase 26 Faculty Cabin 1 0 Demolish during Phase 27 Faculty Cabin 1 0 Demolish during Phase 271 Faculty Cabin 1 172 Faculty Cabin 1 13 Faculty Cabin 2 28 Faculty Cabin 1 19 Faculty Cabin 1 1YEAR-ROUND FACULTY/STAFF HOUSING1 Faculty Cabin 1 12 Faculty Cabin 4 44 Faculty Cabin 4 410 Faculty Cabin 1 0 Demolish during Phase 211 Faculty Cabin 2 212 Faculty Cabin 2 213 Faculty Cabin 2 260 Manager's House 2 270 Biologist's House 3 351 Old Infirmary 3 352 Old Cook's Cabin 1 1PROPOSED NEW FACULTY/STAFF HOUSING5a Faculty Cabin (new) 2 Phase 2 Capital Project6a Faculty Cabin (new) 2 Phase 2 Capital Project7a Faculty Cabin (new) 2 Phase 2 Capital Project10a Faculty Cabin (rebuilt new) 1 Phase 2 Capital Project

TOTAL FACULTY/STAFF BEDROOMS 34 37

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ITASCA BIOLOGICAL STATION AND LABORATORIESGUIDE TO CLASSROOM/ACADEMIC USE

Bldg. No. Name Existing Proposed Notes/Funding SourcesClassrooms Classrooms

SUMMER CLASSROOM/LABORATORY40 Neuro Laboratory 1 0 Demolish after Phase 141 Botany Laboratory 1 0 Demolish after Phase 143 Administration Demolish after Phase 147 Offices/Computer Rm. Demolish after Phase 145 Laboratory/Animal Hold. 2 2 Summer only + M/O Improv.49 Laboratory 1 1 Summer only + M/O Improv.

YEAR-ROUND CLASSROOM/LABORATORY44 Old Lakeside Laboratory 3 3 Maint./Oper. Improvements48 Research Lab/Library 2 3 HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.

PROPOSED NEW YEAR-ROUND CLASSROOM/LABORATORY73 New Campus Center 0 2 Phase 1 Capital Project74 New Classroom Bldg. 0 2 Phase 2 Capital Project53 Dining Hall/Kitchen Phase 3 Capital Project

TOTAL CLASSROOM/LABORATORIES 10 13

Existing classrooms at Itasca Biological Station, with the exception of the recently reconstructed Building 44, are antiquated, unusable, or inefficient for year-round use.

The proposed new Campus Center classrooms are necessary to replace currently unusable classrooms 40 and 41, and to meet the research needs at Itasca.

Building 48, also envisioned as a center of year-round research and experimentation, is a poor energy performer but can be remodeled for year-round use.

Classrooms 45 and 49, though in poor shape, are usable to accommodate additional summer students to the Campus.

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The Itasca Sustainable Campus Plan is envisioned as a path toward sustainability that will be influenced in part by the availability of investment dollars over a period of time. Therefore we have broken the Plan into four parallel tracks, or sustainability bundles, that can be accomplished concurrently. The bundles group together efforts of a similar or complementary nature and allow tracking of the relative cumulative impacts of these efforts.

Bundle 1: General Facilities Operations and Maintenance Utilizes Operating Budget and existing staff resources to integrate campus sustainable improvements with on-going facilities management or maintenance activities.Bundle 2: Building Renovation Utilizes HEAPR funding or capital improvement funding sources to improve the sustainability of existing buildings that are scheduled for year-round use.Bundle 3: Building Replacement Utilizes capital improvement funding sources for new construction, combined with operating budget funding for demolition of existing substandard facilities.Bundle 4: Campus-Wide Systems Utilizes Operating Budget funding sources or special grants or gifts to make system-wide infrastructure improvements to the campus.

3.4 SUSTAINABILITY BUNDLES

This chart illustrates the proposed mix of conservation and renewable energy strategies necessary to reduce fossil fuel consumption and move the Itasca Biological Station toward zero-energy.

The four Sustainability Bundles are intended to be scheduled and implemented in conjunction with operational improvements, renovation of existing buildings, and new construction that is coupled with the selective demolition of unsafe and deteriorated buildings.

Following is a more detailed breakdown of each of the Sustainability Bundles and their key components.

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Funding Sources: annual operating budget

This bundle addresses the on-going sustainability improvements that can be accomplished in concert with regular operations and maintenance procedures at Itasca Biological Station. Integrate Site, Waste, Energy, Water, Materials, and Health components into on-going maintenance and operational procedures. Energy efficient lighting replacement, new thermostat or energy monitor installation, door closers, weatherstripping and caulking, recycling procedures, etc, are activities that can be accomplished within this bundle. Set a goal of 10% energy use reduction in affected buildings, attributable to these activities.

Priorities for accomplishing these improvements are variable, but should include consideration for improvements that experience the highest use. In general, prioritize in order: 1. Year-round buildings 2. Summer-only buildings 3. Support buildings

Certain summer-only buildings, due to higher water or electricity use, may in the short term have a meaningful impact and should not be overlooked.

Start buying wind energy from Clearwater Polk Electric as a first priority.

On-going purchasing and recycling programs and activities should be integrated with this bundle.

water use reduction, e.g. shower heads, faucets, dishwashers washers): Buildings 60,

3.4.1 BUNDLE 1: GENERAL FACILITIES OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

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ITASCA BIOLOGICAL STATION AND LABORATORIESMASTER PLAN SUSTAINABILITY BUNDLES

Bldg. No. Name Existing Proposed Estim. Exst. Proposed Notes/Funding SourcesGSF GSF Kbtu/year Kbtu/year

BUNDLE ONE: GENERAL FACILITIES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Support Buildings46 Boathouse 491 491 0 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements57 Well Pump 86 86 3870 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements58 Restroom/Storm Shelter 320 320 2880 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements61 Shop Building 1994 1994 17946 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements62 Garage 196 196 392 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements63 Warehouse 2081 2081 4162 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements64 New Warehouse 1800 1800 3600 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements65 Campground Bathhouse 616 616 1232 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements69 Garage 1456 1456 0 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements

Subtotal 34082 30674Summer-Use Only Buildings3 Faculty Cabin 1188 1188 3802 3422 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements8 Faculty Cabin 576 576 1843 1659 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements9 Faculty Cabin 269 269 861 775 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements20 Student Cabin (Women) 400 400 1280 1024 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements21 Student Cabin (Women) 400 400 1280 1024 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements26 Student Cabin (Women) 572 572 1830 1647 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements35 Student Cabin (Men) 475 475 1520 1368 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements36 Student Cabin (Men) 475 475 1520 1368 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements37 Student Cabin (Men) 552 552 1520 1368 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements38 Student Cabin (Men) 552 552 1766 1590 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements39 Student Cabin (Women) 572 572 1766 1590 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements45 Laboratory/Animal Hold. 2291 2291 206190 41238 80% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements

Future summer only use49 Laboratory 1266 1266 113940 22788 80% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements

Future summer only use67 Sanitation/Fish House 196 196 0 0 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements71 Faculty Cabin 230 230 14260 12834 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements72 Faculty Cabin 286 286 17732 15959 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements

Subtotal 371110 109654Year-Round or Recently Renovated Buildings4 Faculty Cabin 1942 1942 85448 76903 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements27 New Cabin (Women) 936 936 41184 37065 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements31 Student Cabin (Men) 475 475 29450 26505 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements44 Old Lakeside Laboratory 1600 1600 121600 109440 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements50 Wm.Bathhouse/Laundry 884 884 88400 79560 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements54 Mn Bathhouse/Laundry 1600 1600 160000 144000 10% reduct. Maint./Oper. Improvements

Subtotal 526082 473473

TOTALS 24293 24293 931274 613801Total Kbtu/sf/year 38 25 35% reduction

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Bundle 1 Building Recommendations Maintenance Upgrades: Overall 10% energy reduction 1. Building Construction and Retrofit

to match floor joist size).

heel).

covers.

conditioned to unconditioned or partially conditioned spaces.

fireplaces.

allow solar gain in the winter and prevent solar gain in the summer.

vents, plumbing stacks, intakes, exhausts etc. If possible, minimize such penetrations by combining vent stacks etc.

seal and insulate the gap between the framed rough opening and the window.

wall board.

and ceiling trim boards; seal and insulate any gaps.

2. Water

consumption as well the need to heat water. See Section on Water Use for more detail.

3. Equipment, Appliances and Fixtures

Rebates might be available.

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renovation funds are allocated, to determine needed improvements. There could be a benefit from initially focusing on certain buildings or groups of buildings as demonstration projects. This could offer proof of concept and help justify, and generate enthusiasm for, improvements at other buildings.

Renovate Caretakers House (Building 60)Incorporate functional and program improvements or upgrades into building renovation. Integrate Site, Waste, Energy, Water, Materials, and Health components into building renovation. Set goal at minimum 30% reduction from current energy use through conservation, system efficiency upgrades, and potential renewable components such as solar photovoltaic panels or solar hot water heating.

Renovate Lakeside Laboratory (Building 48)Incorporate functional and program improvements or upgrades into building renovation. Integrate Site, Waste, Energy, Water, Materials, and Health components into building renovation. Set goal at minimum 15-30% reduction from current energy use through conservation and system efficiency upgrades. Perform building performance modeling on this building

3.4.2 BUNDLE 2: BUILDING RENOVATION

largest aggregate reductions.

if plastic-bottle-free and aluminum-can-free campus rule goes into effect.

smart strips and kill switches at all electronic equipment. Phantom loads can account for up to 6% of electricity use.

4. Monitoring, Scheduling and Sub-Metering

peak utilization, phantom loads, and map possible areas for improvement.

programmable thermostats and provide central monitoring or controls for high- demand buildings.

wireless turned off, and refrigerators shut down and left open.

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Renovate Student and Faculty/Staff Cabins (Buildings 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 51, 52, 70)Incorporate functional and program improvements or upgrades into building renovation. Integrate Site, Waste, Energy, Water, Materials, and Health components into building renovation. Set goal at minimum 30% reduction from current energy use through conservation and system efficiency upgrades.

Bundle 2 Building RecommendationsRemodeling: 30% overall energy reduction (meet B3 retrofit standards)1. Enact conservation measures above, unless superseded by measures listed below.

2. Building Construction and Retrofit:

In concert with conservation measures, review every building for oversized and undersized mechanical systems. For example Cabin #2 has a severely oversized mechanical system that puts the potential heating energy use of the building at 795% over an average Energy Star building of the same type. Cabin #10 has an undersized heating system.

glazing and seals. Insulated, Low-E argon filled glazing. Solar Heat Gain

east and west exposures. Seal and insulate the rough opening around windows to prevent thermal transfer.

and condensation.

insulation).



BUNDLE TWO: BUILDING RENOVATION

60 Manager's House 1536 1536 95232 66662 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.48 Research Lab/Library 4255 4255 382950 268065 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.1 Faculty Cabin 859 859 53258 37281 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.2 Faculty Cabin 3200 3200 198400 138880 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.70 Biologist's House 1338 1338 82956 58069 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.51 Old Infirmary 802 802 49724 34807 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.52 Old Cook's Cabin 584 584 36208 25346 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.11 Faculty Cabin 810 810 50220 35154 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.12 Faculty Cabin 797 797 49414 34590 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.13 Faculty Cabin 1121 1121 69502 48650 30% reduct. HEAPR Funds + M/O Improv.

TOTALS 15302 15302 1067864 747504Total Kbtu/sf/year 70 49 30% reduct.

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transfer between heated and unheated basements or crawl spaces).

ventilation with energy or heat recovery ventilators.

ventilation systems.

air.

foundation walls at heated basements. Overlap interior insulation at basement walls and rim joist insulation.

the winter and prevent solar gain in the summer. Provide high R-value interior shading devices if exterior shading devices are not possible.

should have high R-value with insulated, argon filled, Low-E glazing. Built-in motorized shades can prevent undesirable solar heat gain in the summer.

3. WaterReplace tank-style

water heaters with point source on-demand units. For example, replace the two 50-gallon water heaters in Cabin #2 with one instantaneous water heater.

See more detailed discussion in the renewable section.

4. Equipment, Appliances and Fixtures

and photocell outdoor lighting. Use properly directed and shielded light fixtures for pathways to reduce wattage as well as protect night sky visibility.

electrical heat source after conservation measures are in place to take advantage of off-peak rates.

on-site and off-site in partnership with the local Utility.

5. Monitoring, Scheduling and Sub-Metering

shared among cabins and at a central hub.

Cabin #2 for occupancy before opening up another cabin.

recommendations for efficiencies.

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Construct New Campus Center (Building 73)Integrate Site, Waste, Energy, Water, Materials, and Health components into new building design.

Address Zero-Energy goals in new building design. Goal to be minimum 70% reduction below standard construction through conservation and passive design means, with remaining projected energy use from renewable energy components.

Demolition of Substandard Classrooms (Buildings 40, 41, 43, 47)Integrate Site and Waste components into demolition processes.

Construct New Classroom Building (Building 74)Integrate Site, Waste, Energy, Water, Materials, and Health components into new building design.


Construct New Student Cabin/Dorms (Building 75)Integrate Site, Waste, Energy, Water, Materials, and Health components into new building design.

Address Zero-Energy goals in new building design. Goal to be 80-85% below standard construction through deep energy reduction strategies, with remaining projected energy use from renewable energy components.

3.4.3 SUSTAINABILITY BUNDLE 3: BUILDING REPLACEMENT

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Demolition of Substandard Student Cabins (Buildings 22, 23, 24, 25, 32, 33, 36)Integrate Site and Waste components into demolition processes.

Construct New Faculty/Staff Cabins (Buildings 5a, 6a, 7a, 10)Integrate Site, Waste, Energy, Water, Materials, and Health components into new building design.

Address Zero-Energy goals in new building design. Goal to be 80-85% below standard construction through deep energy reduction strategies, with remaining projected energy use from renewable energy components

Demolition of Substandard Faculty/Staff Cabins (Buildings 5, 6, 7)Integrate Site and Waste components into demolition processes.

Construct New Dining Hall (Building 53)As noted in Part Four of this Plan, analysis of the Dining Hall energy performance calls



BUNDLE THREE: BUILDING REPLACEMENT

73 New Campus Center 0 10800 0 324000 30 kbtu goal Phase 1 Capital ProjectRenewable Energy Components -324000 Phase 1 Capital Project

40 Neuro Laboratory 2111 0 189990 0 Demolish after Phase 141 Botany Laboratory 1817 0 163530 0 Demolish after Phase 143 Administration 1168 0 105120 0 Demolish after Phase 147 Offices/Computer Rm. 2461 0 221490 0 Demolish after Phase 122 Student Cabin (Women) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 223 Student Cabin (Women) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 224 Student Cabin (Women) 400 0 1280 0 Demolish during Phase 225 Student Cabin (Women) 400 0 1280 0 Demolish during Phase 232 Student Cabin (Men) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 233 Student Cabin (Men) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 236 Student Cabin (Men) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 274 New Classroom Bldg. 0 2266 0 67980 30 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project

Renewable Energy Components -67980 Phase 2 Capital Project75 New year-round Dormitory 0 4000 0 40000 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project5 Faculty Cabin 580 0 35960 0 Demolish during Phase 26 Faculty Cabin 580 0 35960 0 Demolish during Phase 27 Faculty Cabin 400 0 24800 0 Demolish during Phase 25a Faculty Cabin (new) 0 800 0 8000 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project6a Faculty Cabin (new) 0 800 0 8000 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project7a Faculty Cabin (new) 0 800 0 8000 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project53a Dining Hall/Kitchen 6285 4000 785625 100000 25 kbtu goal Phase 3 Capital Project10a Faculty Cabin (rebuild new) 486 486 30132 4860 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project




BUNDLE FOUR: CAMPUS WIDE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS

Smart Energy Management System Operating Budget/GrantGreen Team Recommendations Operating BudgetGreenhouses/Food Production Operating BudgetPurchase Renewable (wind) Electricity -687000 Operating BudgetCampus-Wide Renewable Energy -840000 Capital Proj/Utility Partnership

TOTALS 58658 63547 0 -1527000

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into question any significant expenditures for maintenance or upgrades. Upgrades to make significant improvements to its very poor energy performance will tend to have relatively low return on investment, and building replacement is recommended.

Integrate Site, Waste, Energy, Water, Materials, and Health components into new building design.


Bundle 3 Building RecommendationsNew Buildings: Minimum 70% energy use reduction over average construction, utilizing passive and active solar systems; or 80-85% deep energy use reduction 1. Clearly delineate continuous air and vapor barrier and clearly define thermal envelope. Conduct blower door testing prior to completion.

shading).3. Install continuous insulation, keeping building envelope free of thermal bridges. 4. Highly insulated thermal envelope. R-values in R70-80 range may be needed for deep energy reduction. Requirements to be assessed with energy analysis of proposed designs.5. Use high performance windows. Locate and size windows to minimize solar gain

less than 40% overall). SHGC min. 50% on south exposure and approx. 30% on east and west exposures. 6. Utilize ventilation system with heat recovery. 7. Consider Earth tubes for passive conditioning of intake air at mechanical ventilation systems.

9. Use energy efficient appliances and equipment. Highly efficient use of electricity

10. Limit ratio of envelope area to floor area, mindful of the difficulty of achieving a tight and continuously insulated envelope with complex shapes and junctures. 11. Use natural ventilation if desired and provide centrally controlled overrides for mechanical system.12. For high ventilation requirements in programmed spaces such as laboratories and kitchen, separate from thermal envelope of rest of programmed spaces and provide right-sized, independent conventional mechanical systems as needed. 13. For infrequently used spaces such as assembly areas, provide thermal separation from other programmed spaces and provide overrides for mechanical ventilation system from remote system.14. Employ renewable energy sources and highly efficient heating, cooling and domestic hot water equipment such as PV panels, solar thermal for hot water,

pump, preconditioning of ventilation air, biomass heating etc.

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Green TeamImplement an Itasca Green Team with appropriate responsibility, authority and accountability, to facilitate a comprehensive and ordered approach to sustainability.

Monitoring and ManagementIntegrate on-going monitoring of campus-wide and building-specific energy and water use. Implement “smart” energy management systems.

Programs and OperationsAnalyze schedules and building utilization to coordinate the best buildings with the most appropriate seasonal use, shutting down buildings for winter where possible, and making the most efficient use of energy and water.

Renewable EnergyDevelop a campus-wide renewable energy plan to move the campus toward carbon neutrality. Consider both purchase of renewable energy from the utility and on-site generation. On-site generation can developed as part of building projects and as campus-wide systems, which might be developed in partnership with the utility. Consider in conjunction with University research opportunities.

Energy Use Pro-formaMaintain a campus-wide pro-forma of energy and water use as projects develop in order to stay on track with overall development goals and allow adjustments as needed.

Campus Food ProductionDecrease the overall campus carbon footprint, and increase awareness by students and staff, by getting them involved in creating food for their own consumption.

3.4.4 SUSTAINABILITY BUNDLE 4: CAMPUS-WIDE SYSTEMS



BUNDLE THREE: BUILDING REPLACEMENT

73 New Campus Center 0 10800 0 324000 30 kbtu goal Phase 1 Capital ProjectRenewable Energy Components -324000 Phase 1 Capital Project

40 Neuro Laboratory 2111 0 189990 0 Demolish after Phase 141 Botany Laboratory 1817 0 163530 0 Demolish after Phase 143 Administration 1168 0 105120 0 Demolish after Phase 147 Offices/Computer Rm. 2461 0 221490 0 Demolish after Phase 122 Student Cabin (Women) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 223 Student Cabin (Women) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 224 Student Cabin (Women) 400 0 1280 0 Demolish during Phase 225 Student Cabin (Women) 400 0 1280 0 Demolish during Phase 232 Student Cabin (Men) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 233 Student Cabin (Men) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 236 Student Cabin (Men) 475 0 1520 0 Demolish during Phase 274 New Classroom Bldg. 0 2266 0 67980 30 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project

Renewable Energy Components -67980 Phase 2 Capital Project75 New year-round Dormitory 0 4000 0 40000 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project5 Faculty Cabin 580 0 35960 0 Demolish during Phase 26 Faculty Cabin 580 0 35960 0 Demolish during Phase 27 Faculty Cabin 400 0 24800 0 Demolish during Phase 25a Faculty Cabin (new) 0 800 0 8000 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project6a Faculty Cabin (new) 0 800 0 8000 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project7a Faculty Cabin (new) 0 800 0 8000 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project53a Dining Hall/Kitchen 6285 4000 785625 100000 25 kbtu goal Phase 3 Capital Project10a Faculty Cabin (rebuild new) 486 486 30132 4860 10 kbtu goal Phase 2 Capital Project




BUNDLE FOUR: CAMPUS WIDE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS

Smart Energy Management System Operating Budget/GrantGreen Team Recommendations Operating BudgetGreenhouses/Food Production Operating BudgetPurchase Renewable (wind) Electricity -687000 Operating BudgetCampus-Wide Renewable Energy -840000 Capital Proj/Utility Partnership

TOTALS 58658 63547 0 -1527000

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PART FOUR: EXISTING BUILDING ANALYSIS

Several campus buildings were identified for preliminary analysis, either as buildings representative of a larger class of buildings, or as individual buildings thought to have significant energy consumption. Each building on campus has its own circumstances and conditions that will vary from audited buildings; therefore it is important that the buildings outside of those audited are also analyzed prior to any work.

Analysis ToolsThis report is based on site research, interviews and analysis conducted with Itasca Biology station personnel and Clearwater Polk personnel. Blower door testing and infrared photography of a few example buildings was conducted to determine current performance. These results were extrapolated to draw conclusions for the campus as a whole. Utility invoices for the station from 2008 and 2009 were analyzed.

Analysis Tools

energy cuts for existing buildings, and deep energy reduction performance standards for new construction).

Site: Grouped in a line of similar cabin structures. It has immediate access to parking, so it is important to inform visitors about the health risks associated with idling vehicles in proximity to residential buildings. There is extensive night sky light pollution from exterior overhead general lighting. It is recommended that outside

grounds lighting be shielded lighting for night skies and is not on mastheads, but

4.2.1 BUILDING 2 – FACULTY CABIN

4.1 OVERVIEW

4.1.1 SAMPLE BUILDINGS TESTING

4.1.2 SAMPLE BUILDINGS MODELING

4.2 SPECIFIC BUILDING RECOMMENDATIONS

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rather pathway lighting. The landscaping around building 2 is traditional turf grass. It is recommended over time this sod is replaced with native grasses, in the interim, it is mowed 50% less than the current mowing schedule.

Relocate or better conceal trash and recycling from this roadway.

Water:min or less heads, and replace the current 3 gallon per flush toilet with a dual flush

water consumption by at least 25%. Provide information to visitors of building 2 with education about water reduction strategies.

Excellent candidate for a grey water collection system using water from the bathroom

building 2 has a tempered basement.

Could also utilize a rainwater collection strategy, initially, for landscaping, and long term for toilet flushing capacity.

Energy: Building 2 performs marginally better than the other buildings on campus analyzed in this study. However, areas of improvement such as sealing, insulating to a greater degree, eliminating phantom loads are consistent with other buildings on campus.

Construction: Building 2 is of wood construction with 4” walls and a central concrete block, conditioned basement and 2 unconditioned crawl spaces on either side. The crawl spaces were counted as part of conditioned basement for modeling purposes because there is a lot of heat loss from openings between the basement and crawl spaces. The 4” walls are approximately R13 insulation value. The attic contains fiberglass batt insulation giving it an approximate R44 insulation value. There is no rim joist insulation but there is perimeter insulation around the above grade foundation. Building 2 has three steel insulated doors with double pane glazing. The windows

Mechanical:There is a propane furnace that acts as a backup during load management periods when the electric heat is shut off. Two 50-gallon tanks heat the water electrically.

Infiltration/Ventilation: There is no mechanical ventilation system. A blower door test revealed 675 CFM @ 50 pascals, or 3.33 air changes per hour at 50 pascals. There is some infiltration in this building, such as from the attic accesses and from the front entryway wall.


53


Heat loss: The largest amount of heat loss comes from the ceiling and windows.

Energy Recommendations In addition to all the recommendations outlined In the Conservation (10%) and Remodeling (20%) of the Energy Use section, particular attention should be paid to the following:

Recommendations for 5-10% conservation of energy:

covers.

These appliances could be moved to energy saving power strips and turned off, or unplugged when the building is not in use. Also the wireless connection is kept on at all times. This, too, could be switched to a power saving strip and turned off when the cabin is not in use.

consistent with the rest of the campus) shall be replaced and the mercury thermostat must be sent out for hazardous waste disposal. The thermostats available are set-back style, and as technology changes, new thermostats have the ability to be controlled remotely, eliminating the need to control heat at the building.



Recommendations for additional 20-25% conservation of energy:

heater.

with energy recovery. Designate all propane boilers to back-up use. Install correctly sized primary electrical heat source after conservation measures are in place to take advantage of off-peak rates. Eventually, phase out all propane boilers as renewable electricity resources are installed on-site and

54

off-site in partnership with the local Utility.

and condensation.

insulation).


glazing and seals. Insulated, Low-E argon filled glazing. Solar Heat Gain


precondition intake air.


Cabin 2 for occupancy before opening up another cabin.


Waste: Install compost and recycling stations at each side of cabin. Educate visitors to benefits and use of compost and waste reduction. Have students and faculty follow

strategies.

Indoor Environmental Quality: Educate visitors to building 2 to only bring products not containing phosphorous. Also, replace shower curtains and flooring with non-PVC options. Test for radon in basement and remediate if necessary – keep in mind radon levels fluctuate seasonally, so test at different times of the year on an biannual basis. Building 2 has access for people with disabilities in one location.

Site: Building 10 is in a cluster of 4 similar cabins. It has access via a dirt roadway, and the landscape and building relationships are more conducive to connotations of traditional cabin life. Building 10 has some solar access but the tree line is close to the one story cabin, making this cabin shielded from the sun and relatively dark.

4.2.2 BUILDING 10 – FACULTY CABIN


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Water: Building 10 has one bathroom and kitchen. Updating the showerhead with low

reduce water consumption by at least 30%. Provide information to visitors of building 10 with education about water reduction strategies.

Energy: Through preliminary building analysis of Building #10 geometry and construction, the team has discovered that this structure will require extensive work to achieve substantial reductions in energy use. However, Building #10 houses a well and needs to be kept at 60F temperature. It is recommended that opportunities for replacement of Building #10 should be explored. It would be a good location for research and construction, possibly with prefabricated components, in partnership with the University’s Architecture or Construction Management programs. There is poor solar access at the Building 10, and so more aggressive energy conserving building techniques should be used.

Construction: Building 10 is of wood construction with 4” walls and a full concrete basement. The walls are approximately R13 insulation value. The attic contains 4” fiberglass batt insulation giving it an approximate R13 insulation value. There is no rim joist insulation nor is there perimeter insulation around the above grade foundation. The windows in cabin 10 are double pane, argon filled, wood casement windows. The doors are insulated metal with storm doors.

Mechanical: The primary heat source is electric baseboard with a gas fireplace serving as a secondary source when the off-peak receiver controls the electric heat. There is also a toe heater under the kitchen sink baseboard. These types of heaters can pose a fire danger. The primary heat appears to be undersized for this building. The

water is heated electrically.

Infiltration/Ventilation: There is no mechanical ventilation system. A blower door test revealed 915 CFM @ 50 pascals, or 10.59 air changes per hour at 50 pascals. There is heavy infiltration from both the floor baseboards and from the ceiling. There is also significant infiltration from all outlets and switchplates installed on exterior walls.

Heat loss: The largest amount of heat loss comes from the basement, due to the fact there is no perimeter or rim joist insulation. Although there is insulation in the attic, it is inadequate and also results in a large amount of heat loss. As a result of the lack of insulation in both the lower and upper levels of the structure, infiltration becomes a large part of the heat loss equation.

Significant investments might be needed if energy conservation measures are to be carried out at Building 10. At best conservation measures might be able to achieve

56

up to 16% reduction in energy use. To do this In addition to all the recommendations

particular attention should be paid to the following:

Energy Recommendations

covers.

through the floorboards.

through the ceiling.

primary heat source, would improve the efficiency. The building has a

hazard). So the primary heat source, electric, is undersized to the existing structure.

These appliances could be moved to energy saving power strips and turned off, or unplugged when the building is not in use. Also the wireless connection is kept on at all times. This, too, could be switched to a power saving strip and turned off when the cabin is not in use.

use and building scheduling.



To achieve larger energy cuts that are greater than 30%, Building 10 would require significant improvements to the geometry and construction of the structure such as addition of rim joist and proper floor insulation, addition of energy heel truss, insulating the attic to R45 min up to R70 for greater energy cuts. Also increasing the


57


R-value of walls by building a double insulated wall in addition to the existing wall structure, replacement of windows, elimination of thermal bridges, upgrading the vapor and air barrier etc.

The above improvements may be cost prohibitive when the returns in operational costs are calculated for the fairly small area of Building 10.

Waste: Install compost and recycling stations at each side of cabin. Educate visitors to benefits and use of compost and waste reduction. Have students and faculty follow

strategies.

Indoor Environmental Quality: Educate visitors to only bring products not containing phosphorous. Also, replace shower curtains and flooring with non-PVC options. Test for radon in basement and remediate if necessary – keep in mind radon levels fluctuate seasonally, so test at different times of the year on an biannual basis.

Site: Building 48 is a laboratory and library and faculty offices. It has no direct road

the curbside location by building 2). A compost “hub” should not be located in this building, as outside food is not allowed in this facility. However, general education about new initiatives taken on by the campus should be highlighted here, as this is a main gathering place for students, staff, and faculty.

Water: Building 48 has lab sinks and two bathrooms. Toilets and urinal are below

flush toilets. Water reduction strategies can reduce water use by almost 50%.

Energy: Building 48 has significant air infiltration problem that leads to large heat loss. It is one of the two buildings tested that could not achieve a pressure difference of 50 Pascal during the blower door test. This building would benefit greatly from sealing and weather-stripping measures. Motion sensor lights in labs, library and bathrooms would be greatly beneficial since it is one of the few buildings that is used every day, year round but is not necessarily occupied every hour of every day. New freezers are necessary for deep electricity reduction at this building. Also, full replacement of T12 lamps with new T8 lamps will also help in this reduction. Grants and rebates are available for these initiatives.

Construction: The Lab building is constructed of concrete block giving the walls an approximate R-value of 5.8. The ceiling contains fiberglass batt insulation with an 8”

4.2.3 BUILDING 48 – RESEARCH LABORATORY

58


air space giving it an approximate R13 insulation value. The windows in the Lab are double pane wood. The doors are uninsulated metal without storm doors.

Mechanical: The primary heat source is a gas-fired hydronic boiler. The water is heated by gas.

Infiltration/Ventilation: There is no mechanical ventilation system. A blower door test revealed 2750 CFM at 20 Pascal pressure difference. When extrapolated to 50 Pascal pressure difference this would be 4950 CFM, or 10.15 air changes per hour. There is significant infiltration in this library along the ceiling trim and around the windows. Infiltration also exists from the vent hood ceiling duct in the upper level lab and significant infiltration exists from the plumbing stack in the men’s bathroom.

Heat loss: Due to the construction of the building, the largest amount of heat loss is through the walls. There are large amounts of heat loss from infiltration. Heat loss through the low R-value walls is also a concern.

following:

Energy RecommendationsBy implementing the following insulation and air sealing improvements to the Lab, a 4-10% increase in the shell efficiency could be achieved.

covers.

bathrooms

use and building scheduling.



By implementing the following equipment replacements in the Lab, an overall 10% increase in energy use efficiency could potentially be achieved.

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water heaters that operate at a much higher efficiency. Consider a heat- exchange water heater.

efficient as a backup unit with an electric heat source as the primary on the off-peak rate.

For an additional 15-20% increase in efficiency, the overall R-value of all building components needs to be increased. In addition steps need to be taken to minimize the significant air infiltration in this building.

and condensation.

addition to the existing CMU wall, detailed to avoid moisture problems.

insulation).

glazing and seals. Insulated, Low E argon filled glazing. Solar Heat Gain





Waste: Provide clearly marked locations for recycling and education areas about ongoing recycling strategies on campus.

Indoor Environmental Quality: Test for radon in lower level and remediate if levels are 4 or more pico-curies. Abate asbestos floor tile in library room if remodelling. Replace with non-PVC option.

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Site: Building 53, Dining Hall, has a paved vehicle drop off area, but no parking. Truck deliveries are made here. This building is adjacent to the sanitation house, where the new composting facilities would likely be located.

Water:

2003, however low flow models are available. A standard top load washer is in the kitchen area. Grey water collection from this building is not recommended due to possible contamination of food. The following are possible water conservation strategies:

Energy: Building 53 is the largest electricity consumer on the campus. The kitchen is a large energy consumer, as well as an under-performing structure that requires significant cooling loads to moderate temperature in the building. Energy model it is apparent that there are large temperature swings in this building due to the poor performance of the envelope construction. Also, this is the worst performer on the blower door test at 4800 CFM @ 10 Pascal.

Construction: The Dining Hall is of wood construction with 4” walls, a concrete, unconditioned basement under the Dining Hall, and unconditioned crawl spaces under the kitchen and west portion of the building. The walls are approximately R13 insulation value. The ceiling contains fiberglass batt insulation giving it an approximate R13 insulation value. There is no exterior perimeter insulation around the above grade foundation, although there is some 1” beadboard on the inside walls of the crawls space under the west wing. The windows in the dining hall are double pane wood. The doors are insulated metal with storm doors.

Mechanical: The primary heat source is two air-source heat pumps. There is a propane furnace that acts as a backup during load management periods when the electric heat is shut off. There is a central air conditioning unit. There is a 75 gallon gas water heater.

Infiltration/Ventilation: There is no mechanical ventilation system. Calculations based

12.02 air changes per hour at 50 pascals. There are areas of infiltration in this building from the west portion of the building and, more significantly, from the basement.

Heat Loss: The largest amount of heat loss comes from infiltration, most notably from the basement and the building envelope. The amount of windows in the building add

4.2.4 BUILDING 53 – DINING HALL

61


largely to the heat loss amount

Energy Recommendations To conserve energy use on this building would mean large investments. Since this building is central to the functioning of the campus, it is recommended to make minimal financial investment in this building until funds are available for replacement.

If the building will not be replaced in the near future, the recommended insulation and air sealing improvements below might achieve a 13-17% efficiency increase in the shell. However, even with this level of improvement this building would be a large consumer of energy. To bring it in line with average energy use of buildings with similar programming would require major amounts of remodeling work.

loss and improve efficiency

basement delivery door to reduce heat loss. The heaviest infiltration comes from this portion of the building.

is another heavy area of infiltration.

as well as extend the life of the machine.

entertainment center in the west portion of the building showed phantom load from devices that were turned off, but still were using electricity.

infiltration and heat loss and should be sealed off in the summer months especially and when not in use in the winter.

flow of the wash trough and pre-rinse station.

Consider the following recommendations only if replacement of the building is delayed well into the future:

North side. There is large amount of heat loss to the North side.

building, to reduce infiltration. This would mean demolishing the entire interior finish of the walls or building an extra layer of insulated wall on the interior side.

Waste: This building is adjacent to the Sanitation House, where the new composting

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facilities will likely be located. Food and other compost should be collected and separated at the Dining Hall and delivered to the Sanitation House. Adequate compost containers shall be provided in the kitchen as well as in the Dining Hall area. Clear charts as to what can be composted and what cannot be converted to compost shall be

shall be displayed which illustrates what the compost is used for – i.e. the high tunnel gardens and other landscaping. It is also important to educate the public that over 90% of waste can be diverted from the waste stream.

Indoor Environmental Quality: List building for decommissioning and deconstruction. Only reuse non-lead, non-PVC materials in salvage strategy.

Site: Building 60, Manager’s Residence, is a full-time residence. Experiment with

cells are currently being explored at one location at this residence. It is important that any new lights at this residence are shielded fixtures to protect the night skies. This residence shall have its own compost facility, which will directly feed the main compost collection site at the high tunnel growing area. Also, a recycling center shall

Water: Building 60 is a prime candidate for water conservation strategies due to its full-time annual use. However, current well water pressure is low, and a new, deeper

well replacement) are recommended. Possibly relocate existing newer dishwasher

dishwasher is used significantly more than potential use in building 70. Utilize front load washer technology in Building 60. Rainwater capture for indoor and outdoor plant water is a possibility at this location, however a gutter and downspout is necessary

toilet flushing due to the regular utilization in this location.

Energy: Building 60 is a prime candidate for deep energy retrofit, air sealing, and electricity reduction strategies since it is like the lab building a year round use and constantly occupied.

Construction: Building 60 is of wood construction with 4” walls and a full concrete basement. The walls are approximately R13 insulation value. The attic contains fiberglass batt insulation and according to the resident has an approximate R38 insulation value. There is some rim joist insulation but there is no perimeter insulation around the above grade foundation. Most of the windows in Building 60 are single pane wood with storm windows. There are double pane wood windows in the upper

4.2.5 BUILDING 60 – MANAGER’S HOUSE

63


level and there are two double pane wood glass doors. The doors are insulated metal with storm doors.

Mechanical: The primary heat source is a LP furnace. This unit is older and the efficiency, due to age, is estimated at 80%. The water is heated electrically. There is a 10 SEER central air conditioning unit.

Infiltration/Ventilation: There is no mechanical ventilation system. A blower door test revealed 1225 CFM @ 50 pascals, or 4.2 air changes per hour at 50 pascals. There is moderate infiltration from the attic accesses on the second floor, as well as from the built-in dresser in the second floor bedroom. There is also significant infiltration from the recessed lighting fixtures on the second floor. There is some infiltration from the uninsulated sections of rim joist in the basement, as well as from the old wood chute, even though there is a fiber batt covering the opening.

Heat loss: The largest amount of heat loss comes from the single pane windows in the home. Infiltration from the basement is also a large heat loss contributor due to the fact there is no perimeter insulation. Heat loss through the ceiling is a smaller contributor but accounts for nearly 6 MMBtu annually.


following:

By implementing the recommended insulation and air sealing improvements to Building 60, a 6-11% increase in the shell efficiency could be achieved.

covers.

dishwasher and locate newer dishwasher to Building 70.


gaps.

existing incandescent lighting with CFLs would reduce the electric usage greatly.

64


Lighting is typically 20% of energy usage in a home. By changing to CFLs, the electric usage can be reduced by as much as 15%.

in use is recommended.

The use of interior window shading would reduce cold air infiltration in the winter or more permanent exterior shading in some locations in the form of trellises etc would reduce solar heat gains in the summer.

low-E type of window. This would reduce the heat loss of Building 60 significantly. South facing windows should have SHGC of 50% and windows on East, West sides could have a SHGC of 30%. Seal and insulate the rough opening around windows to prevent thermal transfer.

Recommendation for additional 20-25% conservation of energy:

ventilation system may be required if the home becomes too tight. Install a mechanical ventilation system with energy recovery ventilator.

Designate all propane boilers to back-up use. Install correctly sized primary electrical heat source after conservation measures are in place to take advantage of off-peak rates. Eventually, phase out all propane boilers as renewable electricity resources are installed on-site and off-site in partnership with the local Utility.

and condensation.

insulation).



R-value of the various building components.



65


Waste: This residence shall have its own compost facility, which will directly feed the main compost collect ion site at the high tunnel growing area. Also, a recycling center

Indoor Environmental Quality: Any remodeling must follow current lead abatement

no PVC vinyl flooring). Install ERV unit for improved indoor air quality and electricity savings. Verify range hood and bath fans exhaust to the exterior

Site: Building 70, Biologist’s House, is a part-time residence. Experiment with more

are currently being explored at one location at this residence. It is important that any new lights at this residence are shielded fixtures to protect the night skies. A recycling

residence).

Water: Building 70 has three older 3 gallon per flush toilets. Replace with new dual flush units. Install newer dishwasher from building 60 and decommission dishwasher for recycling. Install low flow showerhead, and low flow aerators on kitchen and bath sinks.

Energy: Building 70 has similar strategies and issues as Building 2 and Building 60. In addition, it seems to have water damage in a few areas that should be addressed in the initial effort of sealing and weather-stripping. It has a skylight and couple of broken windows that will need attention in the first phase of work. This building has the potential to benefit greatly from conservation strategies and take advantage of the passive solar gains that it was oriented for.

Construction: Building 70 is of wood construction with 4” walls and a full concrete, conditioned basement. The walls are approximately R13 insulation value. The attic contains fiberglass batt insulation equal to an approximate R44 insulation value. There is some insulation in the interior basement walls but there is no perimeter insulation around the above grade foundation. The windows are double pane wood. There is a double pane wood glass door on the main floor. Glass is prevalent in the above grade walls of this building, especially on the south-facing side. Both of the south-facing casement windows in the basement are cracked. There is a skylight on the second level that shows evidence of moisture-related damage. The screen for the skylight appears damaged as well. There is a chimney that appears to show evidence of possible moisture-related damage. The doors are insulated metal with storm doors.

Mechanical: The primary heat source is a LP furnace. There is also a gas-fired stove in

4.2.6 BUILDING 70 – BIOLOGIST’S HOUSE

66


the basement. The water is heated electrically.

Infiltration/Ventilation: There is no mechanical ventilation system. A blower door test revealed 1466 CFM @ 50 pascals, or 6.8 air changes per hour at 50 pascals. There is moderate infiltration from the skylight as well as evidence of moisture, which appear to have degraded some of the insulation. Although the attic contains adequate insulation, there does exist some infiltration from the attic access. There is air infiltration from the around the basement windows. There is some evidence of possible moisture-related damage around the south exterior door on the main floor. The garage door exhibits heavy infiltration.

Heat loss: The largest amount of heat loss comes from the windows in the home. Infiltration from the basement is also a large heat loss contributor due to the fact there is no perimeter insulation.


following:

By implementing the recommended insulation and air sealing improvements to Building 70, a 9-11% increase in the shell efficiency could be achieved.

cracked panes. Upgrade windows minimum to a double pane, argon filled, thermally broken, low-E type of window. South facing windows should have SHGC of 50%.

should have high R-value with insulated, argon filled, Low-E glazing. Built-in motorized shades can prevent undesirable solar heat gain in the summer.

winter or more permanent exterior shading in some locations in the form of trellises etc would reduce solar heat gains in the summer.

building. The skylight is certainly of the most immediate concern. It is uncertain if the other areas of the structure that show possible damage are recent or not, but should be addressed. The south basement wall and the south wall near the back entry door are two areas of concern.

covers.

67



gaps.

in use is recommended.

Recommendation for additional 20% conservation of energy:

ventilation system may be required if the home becomes too tight. Install a mechanical ventilation system with energy recovery ventilator.

appliances.

broken, low-E type of window. East and West sides could have a SHGC of 30%. Seal and insulate the rough opening around windows to prevent thermal transfer.

Designate all propane boilers to back-up use. Install correctly sized primary electrical heat source after conservation measures are in place to take advantage of off-peak rates. Eventually, phase out all propane boilers as renewable electricity resources are installed on-site and off-site in partnership with the local Utility.

and condensation.

insulation).



Waste: This residence shall have its own compost facility, which will directly feed the main compost collect ion site at the high tunnel growing area. Also, a recycling center shall be provided at this location.

Indoor Environmental Quality: Any remodeling must follow current lead abatement

no PVC vinyl flooring). Install ERV unit for improved indoor air quality and electricity savings. Verify range hood and bath fans exhaust to the exterior

68

69

APPENDIX

A.1 GRANT AND FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES

Itasca Biological Station and Laboratory receives much of its funding through an annual operating budget, HEAPR funds, capital improvement funds, and generous support from individuals and their families. Additionally, Itasca will increasingly rely on available grant opportunities, in-kind donations, and community and corporate partnerships. These grants, donations, and partnerships will help fuel ongoing initiatives to bring Itasca to a higher level of performance outside of their traditional project funding streams.

Grants and RebatesGrants from public agencies and private foundations will help enrich the program at Itasca Biological Station. Funding areas may include building energy efficiency upgrades through federal and state agencies like the American Rehabilitation and

state and local agencies like the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.

www.grants.govwww.dsireusa.org

Foundation, and Bush Foundation generally, but not exclusively, fund education-related projects, as well as water and forest quality initiatives. All of these foundations have revolving grants and a periodic review of them on a quarterly basis will keep grant pursuits current.

organization interested in restoring water quality of the Mississippi River and its connected watershed. Because of the unique location of Itasca Biological Station,

may be an important ongoing resource.

The Bush Foundation, , may allow Itasca Biological Station to create strong partnership opportunities with area Native Nations.

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APPENDIX

Institute on the Environment html and IREE are tremendous grant resources through Discovery and Matching Grants.

In-Kind Donations and GiftsCampus-wide monitoring and control systems, as well as innovative and high performance building products, materials, and equipment, are needed to bring Itasca Biological Station to a carbon neutral level.www.siemens-foundation.org

www.rheem.com

PartnershipsBuilding long-term relationships with local and regional utilities, corporations, and local communities will strengthen Itasca’s ongoing mission of being a sustainable campus. Most of these agencies can help with either funding particular initiatives or work to find funding opportunities related to the technology application. Partnerships can include technology sources and environmentally preferred purchasing partnerships.

www.honeywell.comwww.siemens.comwww.ips-solar.comwww.fresh-energy.orgwww.uscommunities.orgwww.usaphilips.comwww.lutron.comwww.wattstopper.com

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APPENDIX

A.2 AUDIT DATA

In the spring of 2010, energy performance audits were conducted for selected buildings on the campus of the University of Minnesota Itasca Biological Station located within Itasca State Park. These were executed in concert with the development of the Sustainable Campus Plan for the campus. The audits were performed to better inform the general conclusions of the Plan, and to allow more detailed recommendations for these specific buildings. The buildings were selected either as representative of multiple campus buildings of similar type and use, or because of presumed significant energy impacts.

The following buildings were included:2 – Faculty Cabin10 – Faculty Cabin

53 – Dining Hall60 – Station Manager’s Residence 70 – Biologist’s Residence

Clearwater-Polk Electric Cooperative carried out blower-door air infiltration tests, and

the best available information on existing building conditions. The analysis includes air

and Energy Star reports.

Clearwater-Polk also conducted infrared imaging of the same buildings to help identify specific problems and problem areas.

Audit data is included as a separate attachment.

Documents

University of Minnesota Itasca Biological Station Itasca ...PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1.1 Itasca Guiding Principles 1.1.2 2006 Facility Assessment