University of Groningen
Catalytic hydroprocessing of bio-oils of different types
Elliott, Douglas Charles
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Catalytic
Hydroprocessing
of Bio-oils
of Different Types
Douglas Charles Elliott
Douglas Charles Elliott
Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Bio-oils of Different Types
Thesis, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Publication of this thesis was financially supported by the University of Groningen, the Netherlands
Cover and layout: Lovebird design.
www.lovebird-design.com
Printing: Eikon +
ISBN (printed book): 978-94-034-1736-3
ISBN (e-book): 978-94-034-1735-6
© Copyright 2019 D. C. Elliott, Groningen, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of the author.
Catalytic Hydroprocessing of
Bio-oils of Different Types
PhD thesis
to obtain the degree of PhD at the
University of Groningen
on the authority of the
Rector Magnificus prof. E. Sterken
and in accordance with
the decision by the College of Deans.
This thesis will be defended in public on
Friday 31 May 2019 at 14.30 hours
by
Douglas Charles Elliott
born on 2 August 1952
in Montana, U. S. A.
Douglas Charles Elliott
Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Bio-oils of Different Types
Thesis, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Publication of this thesis was financially supported by the University of Groningen, the Netherlands
Cover and layout: Lovebird design.
www.lovebird-design.com
Printing: Eikon +
ISBN (printed book): 978-94-034-1736-3
ISBN (e-book): 978-94-034-1735-6
© Copyright 2019 D. C. Elliott, Groningen, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of the author.
Catalytic Hydroprocessing of
Bio-oils of Different Types
PhD thesis
to obtain the degree of PhD at the
University of Groningen
on the authority of the
Rector Magnificus prof. E. Sterken
and in accordance with
the decision by the College of Deans.
This thesis will be defended in public on
Friday 31 May 2019 at 14.30 hours
by
Douglas Charles Elliott
born on 2 August 1952
in Montana, U. S. A.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction and background ...........................................................9
1. Introduction and background.............................................................. 11
1.1. Renewable Fuels from Biomass via Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic
Hydrotreating ............................................................................. 11
1.2. Development of Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Bio-oil at PNNL ........... 12
1.3. Recent Progress in Bio-oil Hydrotreating in Europe ............................. 15
1.3.1. BIOCOUP ................................................................................. 15
1.3.2. University of Groningen ............................................................. 16
1.3.3. University of Twente ................................................................... 18
1.4. Thesis outline ..................................................................................... 19
2. Temperature-Staged Hydrotreating of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil
Using a C-Supported Catalyst ..........................................................23
2.1. Introduction .......................................................................................25
2.2. Experimental ......................................................................................27
2.3. Results ...............................................................................................29
2.3.1. Feedstock Descriptions ...............................................................29
2.3.2. Hydroprocessing Results ...........................................................30
2.4. Discussion ......................................................................................... 33
2.5. Conclusions ....................................................................................... 37
3. Hydrotreating Phase-Separated Bio-oil with Product
Fractions Recovery ..........................................................................41
3.1. Introduction .......................................................................................43
3.2. Experimental section ..........................................................................44
3.3. Results and discussion .......................................................................45
3.3.1. Hydroprocessing Tests in the Hydrotreater System .......................46
3.3.2. Distillation Processing of the Hydroprocessed Products ...............48
4. Effects on Hydrotreating of Hot-Vapor Filtered Bio-oil ...................53
4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 55
4.2. Experimental ...................................................................................... 56
4.2.1. Feedstocks ................................................................................. 56
4.2.2. Fast Pyrolysis and Hot-Vapor Filtration ...................................... 56
4.2.3. Hydroprocessing ........................................................................ 58
4.2.4. Analytical Methods ....................................................................60
4.3. Results ............................................................................................... 61
4.3.1. Feedstocks ......................................................................................... 61
Supervisor
Prof. dr. ir. H.J. Heeres
Co-supervisor
Dr. ir. R. Venderbosch
Assessment Committee
Prof. F. Picchioni
Prof. W. de Jong
Prof. W. Prins
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction and background ...........................................................9
1. Introduction and background.............................................................. 11
1.1. Renewable Fuels from Biomass via Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic
Hydrotreating ............................................................................. 11
1.2. Development of Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Bio-oil at PNNL ........... 12
1.3. Recent Progress in Bio-oil Hydrotreating in Europe ............................. 15
1.3.1. BIOCOUP ................................................................................. 15
1.3.2. University of Groningen ............................................................. 16
1.3.3. University of Twente ................................................................... 18
1.4. Thesis outline ..................................................................................... 19
2. Temperature-Staged Hydrotreating of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil
Using a C-Supported Catalyst ..........................................................23
2.1. Introduction .......................................................................................25
2.2. Experimental ......................................................................................27
2.3. Results ...............................................................................................29
2.3.1. Feedstock Descriptions ...............................................................29
2.3.2. Hydroprocessing Results ...........................................................30
2.4. Discussion ......................................................................................... 33
2.5. Conclusions ....................................................................................... 37
3. Hydrotreating Phase-Separated Bio-oil with Product
Fractions Recovery
