Unit XXI – Imperialism and Independence Movements in

AfricaEuropean Colonialism (2-8)

Independence Movements (9-13)

Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved

1. European Imperialism in Africa

2. Video

3. Definitions

• A. Colonialism – the policy of taking a weaker nation’s land for self gain.

• B. Imperialism – the domination of one nation over the political, economic, or social affairs of another nation

• Reasons for the colonization of Africa- refueling ports, slave trade, mineral and agricultural resources, strategic location

4. Early Contact - A Slow Start

• A. Explain the impact of each of the following groups on African life:

• 1. Explorers -

• 2. Missionaries –– a. example -

• 3. Slave traders -

5. The Slave Trade

6. Colonization in the 1800’s

• A. When did European nations first establish refueling ports along the coast of Africa?

• B. When did European nations race for controlling African territory?

• C. What were the natural barriers to colonization?

7. The Berlin Conference - 1884

• A. What was the purpose of the conference?

• B. Were Africans invited to the conference?

• C. What were the results of it?

8. Colonial Policies/Possessions in Africa

• A. England - Gradualism

• B. France - Assimilation

• C. Belgium - Paternalism

• D. Portugal -

• E. Spain -

• F. Italy -

• G. Germany -

9. The Mau-Mau Revolt by some Kikuyu in Kenya (1960-63)

10. Famous Leaders of the Independence Movement

• A. Menelik II – Ethiopia - Italy• B. Kwame Nkrumah – Ghana – Gr. Britain• C. Jomo Kenyatta – Kenya – Great Britain• D. Julius Nyerre – Tanzania – Germany• E. Leopold Sedar Senghor – Senegal –

France• F. Mobutu Sese Sekou – Congo – Belgium

11. Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta

12. Problems of New African Nations

• A. Tribalism – continuing loyalty to tribes and prejudice against other tribes

• B. Poverty – massive unemployment or under employment

• C. Subsistence Agriculture – many tribes, villages, families, exist on what they produce

• D. Disease – epidemics of malaria, ebola virus, parasites, nutritional diseases, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, STD, and HIV/AIDS

13. Problems (cont.)

• E. Hunger – vast numbers are hungry daily• F. Sanitary Conditions – lack of knowledge of the

link between cleanliness and disease prevention• G. Lack of Communication – with over 800 major

language groups, intertribal communication remains a problem

• H. Lack of Educational Opportunities – rural villages and cities lack the educational resources to properly educate the young

• I. Desertification – the spread of the deserts

14. Video

15. Communication Problems

16. Important Terms and People

• A. gradualism• B. assimilation• C. paternalism• D. language group• E. imperialism• F. tribalism• G. nationalism• H. colonialism• I. The Berlin Conference

(1884)• J. pan - Africanism

• K. Menelik II• L. Kwame Nkrumah• M. Jomo Kenyatta• N. Julius Nyerre• O. Joseph Mobutu• P. desertification• Q. subsistence

agriculture• R. third world country• S. underdeveloped nation