LG 2: IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THEOCRACY, DEMOCRACY, AND OLIGARCHY AND

DESCRIBE HOW THE CITY-STATES OF CLASSICAL GREECE EACH DEVELOPED

SEPARATE GOVERNMENTS YET UNIFIED AS AN EMPIRE.

Unit II, LG 2: Greece: A Confederate Empire

Warm Up

• What do you notice about the physical geography of Greece?

• How do you think the physical geography affected where people settled and interacted with one another?

City-States

• Geography • Mountains acted as natural barriers • Separated into small, isolated

regions

• Developed very different governments and cultures.

• Limited farmland encouraged wars among city-states!

• Coastal settlements encouraged ancient Greeks to engage in overseas trade.

Characteristics of City-States

Characteristics of City-States

•Same gods & similar architecture •Greece developed around the idea of the Polis •Polis = city-state

•Athens: • Citizens (adult males) would gather in the acropolis

(marketplace) and discuss political issues of the day

•Greek city-states • NOT united • many different forms of government

Sparta Athens

Athens v. Sparta

• With your partner choose which city-state you would prefer to live in and WHY! You will be asked to share with the class! • Should include:

government, daily life, culture, etc…

City-State PROS CONS

Athens

Sparta

• You are going to read about Athens and Sparta and fill out the following chart • Athens pg. 128 • Sparta pg. 129

Their neighbors…

The Persian Wars

• Eventually the Greek city-states united to fight the Persian Empire • Persian king Darius II

• Several Greek city-states unified to form the Delian League in order to protect their land

• In time the were able to defeat the Persians

The Peloponnesian War

• After the Persian Wars • Rivalry between Athens and Sparta

• Sparta declared war on Athens • Peloponnesian War

• After 30 yrs of fighting Sparta was victorious!

• Outcome: the Peloponnesian War weakened the city-states

• The King of Macedonia (to the north) saw this weakness and took all of the Greek city-states under his control until his death… when his son took over…

Alexander the Great

• Brilliant general • Created the largest

empire under the rule of one individual throughout the history of mankind

• Spread Hellenistic culture (Greek inspired culture) to many parts of the world • Cultural diffusion

• Conquered Persia, Egypt, and parts of India

Hellenistic Culture

• Hellenistic Culture: the fusion (combination) of Greek culture with the Middle East and India

• Sculuptures

• Archimedes • Establishes Pi, explained

levers, and invented the screw pump

• Eratosthenes • Calculated the circumference

of the Earth

• Pythagoras • Pythagorean Theorem

Math & Science

• The greatest philosophers were GREEK! • Socrates

• Questioned what was good, moral, and just • Was condemned to death by the Athenian Council

for “corrupting the young” • Plato

• Wrote The Republic – described ideal city-state ruled by a philosopher king

• Defined justice as the rule of reason over desire • Aristotle

• Collected and classified things from animals to city-state constitutions

Philosophy