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Unit #1: Unit #1: Being a ScientistBeing a Scientist
Thinking Like a ScientistThinking Like a Scientist
How do scientists learn about How do scientists learn about the world around us?the world around us?
Close your eyes!!Close your eyes!! We know: We know:
– Science is the process of learning about the Science is the process of learning about the world around us. world around us.
– Scientist use skills when they learn about Scientist use skills when they learn about the world around us.the world around us.
I am going to ask you a question and I would like you I am going to ask you a question and I would like you to visualize an answer. to visualize an answer.
– When you think of a scientists doing When you think of a scientists doing science, what do you see? science, what do you see?
– HowHow do scientists learn about the world do scientists learn about the world around us?around us?
How do scientists learn about How do scientists learn about the world around us?the world around us?
Scientists use many different methods. Scientists use many different methods. There are three scientific methods that are There are three scientific methods that are
very common! very common! So, what are these scientific methods? So, what are these scientific methods? What do you think is happening in these What do you think is happening in these
photos?photos?
Go!
BACK
BACK
BACK
Thinking Like a ScientistThinking Like a Scientist
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNDESCRIPTIVE DESIGN A descriptive design is used whenever it is A descriptive design is used whenever it is
impossible, unethical, or undesirable to use impossible, unethical, or undesirable to use experiments. Instead, scientists study the experiments. Instead, scientists study the world by making observations. Such as the world by making observations. Such as the earth, dinosaurs, and space. earth, dinosaurs, and space.
Scientists can learn about the world around Scientists can learn about the world around them by using them by using DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNDESCRIPTIVE DESIGN. This . This means that a scientist means that a scientist OBSERVESOBSERVES and and DESCRIBESDESCRIBES the world around us. For the world around us. For example, scientists observe and describe example, scientists observe and describe animals, plants, planets, and rocks using a animals, plants, planets, and rocks using a descriptive design.descriptive design.
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNDESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
Example: A scientist observes and Example: A scientist observes and records their observations about the records their observations about the chimpanzees in the wild. chimpanzees in the wild.
Thinking Like a ScientistThinking Like a Scientist
CORRELATIONAL DESIGNCORRELATIONAL DESIGN
A correlational design allows scientists to A correlational design allows scientists to identify relationships between two or more identify relationships between two or more things or to use relationships in making things or to use relationships in making inferences and predictions. inferences and predictions.
Scientists make observations that lead Scientists make observations that lead them to ask new questions. Then a them to ask new questions. Then a scientist might use a scientist might use a correlational designcorrelational design..
The scientist makes observations and then The scientist makes observations and then looks at additional looks at additional DATA DATA to see if there is a to see if there is a RELATIONSHP RELATIONSHP between the between the OBSERVATIONSOBSERVATIONS and some other factor. and some other factor.
CORRELATIONAL DESIGNCORRELATIONAL DESIGN
Example: A scientist sees a dead fish Example: A scientist sees a dead fish in a stream. She wonders, “Is in a stream. She wonders, “Is something in the water killing the something in the water killing the fish?” She tests the water to find fish?” She tests the water to find RELATIONSHIPSRELATIONSHIPS. .
Thinking Like a ScientistThinking Like a Scientist
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNEXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An experimental design is used whenever it is An experimental design is used whenever it is
possible, ethical, and desirable to use experiments. possible, ethical, and desirable to use experiments. Experimental design involves a hypothesis that can Experimental design involves a hypothesis that can be tested. be tested.
Scientists can learn about the world around them by Scientists can learn about the world around them by using using EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNEXPERIMENTAL DESIGN. They make . They make OBSERVATIONSOBSERVATIONS, ask , ask QUESTIONSQUESTIONS, form a , form a HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS, make , make PREDICTIONSPREDICTIONS, and gather , and gather DATADATA in an in an EXPERIMENTEXPERIMENT..
Then they study their Then they study their RESULTSRESULTS and draw and draw CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS. In the end, scientists tell others their . In the end, scientists tell others their findings or findings or COMMUNICATECOMMUNICATE their results! their results!
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNEXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Example: A student observes Example: A student observes
that her cell phone is not that her cell phone is not working. She asks, “Why working. She asks, “Why doesn’t my cell phone work?” doesn’t my cell phone work?” Then, she forms a hypothesis, Then, she forms a hypothesis, “The battery need to be “The battery need to be changed.” And, she predicts, changed.” And, she predicts, “If I charge the battery, then “If I charge the battery, then the phone will work.” She the phone will work.” She experiments by charging the experiments by charging the battery and gathers data by battery and gathers data by trying the phone. She studies trying the phone. She studies the results and determine the the results and determine the phone works. She makes a phone works. She makes a conclusion and communicates conclusion and communicates the results to her parents. “My the results to her parents. “My hypothesis was supported and hypothesis was supported and the phone works!”the phone works!”
Thinking Like a ScientistThinking Like a Scientist
Go to Correlational Design
Go to Descriptive Design
Go to Experimental Design
DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNDESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
Example: An Example: An example of a example of a descriptive descriptive correlational correlational design is…design is…
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CORRELATIONAL DESIGNCORRELATIONAL DESIGN
Correlational Design looks for Correlational Design looks for RELATIONSHIPSRELATIONSHIPS in in DATADATA..
Example: An example of a Example: An example of a correlational design is…correlational design is…
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EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNEXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Scientists answer Scientists answer QUESTIONSQUESTIONS that that can be can be TESTEDTESTED. .
Example: An example of an Example: An example of an experimental design is…experimental design is…
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Check Your UnderstandingCheck Your Understanding
Example: Example: A scientist A scientist experimenting with experimenting with different groups of plants different groups of plants to see how different factors to see how different factors (temperature, rainfall & (temperature, rainfall & sunlight) affect their sunlight) affect their growth. growth.
Answer:Answer: Experimental Experimental DesignDesign
Check Your UnderstandingCheck Your Understanding
Example: Example: A researcher might A researcher might measure the relationship between measure the relationship between time spent studying for a science time spent studying for a science test and student test scores to test and student test scores to determine if there is a relationship.determine if there is a relationship.
Answer:Answer: Correlational Design Correlational Design
Check Your UnderstandingCheck Your Understanding
Example: Example: A scientist A scientist observing what observing what happens to stars or happens to stars or galaxies by making galaxies by making daily observations daily observations through a telescope through a telescope and recording their and recording their observations.observations.
Answer:Answer: Descriptive Descriptive DesignDesign
Check Your UnderstandingCheck Your Understanding
Example: Example: A group of A group of art students who art students who sketch the same sketch the same group of trees group of trees throughout the year. throughout the year.
Answer:Answer: Descriptive Descriptive DesignDesign
Check Your UnderstandingCheck Your Understanding
Example: Example: A A scientist deciding if scientist deciding if there is a there is a relationship between relationship between the kind of clothing the kind of clothing people wear and the people wear and the current weather. current weather.
Answer:Answer: Correlational DesignCorrelational Design
Check Your UnderstandingCheck Your Understanding
Example: Example: A chef asking A chef asking the question, “Why the question, “Why didn’t a recipe turn out didn’t a recipe turn out correctly?” and correctly?” and experimenting with the experimenting with the recipe to determine an recipe to determine an answer to the question. answer to the question.
Answer:Answer: Experimental Experimental DesignDesign
