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Andreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 Unifying Inflation with the Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and the Seesaw Mechanism. [Guillermo Ballesteros, Javier Redondo, AR, Carlos Tamarit, 1608.05414; 1610.01639]

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Page 1: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald

AstroteilchenseminarMax-Planck-Institut für KernphysikHeidelberg, D 13 November 2017

Unifying Inflation with the Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and

the Seesaw Mechanism.

[Guillermo Ballesteros, Javier Redondo, AR, Carlos Tamarit, 1608.05414; 1610.01639]

Page 2: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 2

Fundamental Problems > Standard Model (SM) describes

interactions of all known particleswith remarkable accuracy

Page 3: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 3

Fundamental Problems > Standard Model (SM) describes

interactions of all known particleswith remarkable accuracy

> Big fundamental problems in par-ticle physics and cosmology seemto require new physics§ Dark matter

§ Neutrino masses and mixing

§ Baryon asymmetry

§ Inflation

§ Strong CP problem

[PLANCK]

Page 4: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 4

Fundamental Problems > Standard Model (SM) describes

interactions of all known particleswith remarkable accuracy

> Big fundamental problems in par-ticle physics and cosmology seemto require new physics§ Dark matter

§ Neutrino masses and mixing

§ Baryon asymmetry

§ Inflation

§ Strong CP problem

> These problems may be intertwin-ed in a minimal way, with a solu-tion pointing to a new physics sca-le around[Ballesteros,Redondo,AR,Tamarit, 1608.05414; 1610.01639]

Page 5: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 5

Strong CP Problem

> Most general gauge invariant Lagrangian of QCD:

§ Parameters: strong coupling , quark masses andtheta angle

↵s[Belavin et al. `75;´t Hooft 76;Callan et al. `76;Jackiw,Rebbi `76 ]

Page 6: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 6

Strong CP Problem

> Most general gauge invariant Lagrangian of QCD:

§ Parameters: strong coupling , quark masses andtheta angle

↵s

> Topological theta termviolates P and T, and thus CP

/ Gaµ⌫G̃

a,µ⌫ / Ea ·Ba

[Belavin et al. `75;´t Hooft 76;Callan et al. `76;Jackiw,Rebbi `76 ]

Page 7: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 7

Strong CP Problem

> Most general gauge invariant Lagrangian of QCD:

§ Parameters: strong coupling , quark masses andtheta angle

↵s

> Topological theta termviolates P and T, and thus CP

> Most sensitive probe of P and T violation in flavor conserving interactions: electric dipolemoment of neutron

/ Gaµ⌫G̃

a,µ⌫ / Ea ·Ba

[Belavin et al. `75;´t Hooft 76;Callan et al. `76;Jackiw,Rebbi `76 ]

Page 8: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 8

Strong CP Problem

> Most general gauge invariant Lagrangian of QCD:

§ Parameters: strong coupling , quark masses andtheta angle

↵s

> Topological theta termviolates P and T, and thus CP

> Most sensitive probe of P and T violation in flavor conserving interactions: electric dipolemoment of neutron; prediction:

/ Gaµ⌫G̃

a,µ⌫ / Ea ·Ba

[Belavin et al. `75;´t Hooft 76;Callan et al. `76;Jackiw,Rebbi `76 ]

Page 9: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 9

Strong CP Problem

> Most general gauge invariant Lagrangian of QCD:

§ Parameters: strong coupling , quark masses andtheta angle

↵s

> Topological theta termviolates P and T, and thus CP

> Most sensitive probe of P and T violation in flavor conserving interactions: electric dipolemoment of neutron; prediction:

> Experiment:

/ Gaµ⌫G̃

a,µ⌫ / Ea ·Ba

[Baker et al. 06]

[Belavin et al. `75;´t Hooft 76;Callan et al. `76;Jackiw,Rebbi `76 ]

Page 10: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 10

Axionic Solution of Strong CP Problem

> Peccei-Quinn (PQ) solution of strong CP problem based on observationthat the vacuum energy in QCD, inferred from chiral effective fieldtheory, has localised minimum at :

[Di Vecchia,Veneziano `80;Leutwyler,Smilga 92]

[Aguado,Asorey 10]

Page 11: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 11

Axionic Solution of Strong CP Problem

> Peccei-Quinn (PQ) solution of strong CP problem based on observationthat the vacuum energy in QCD, inferred from chiral effective fieldtheory, has localised minimum at :

> If were a dynamical field, its vev would be zero

> Add to SM angular field , respecting a shift symmetryaaaaaaaaaaaaaa , broken only by coupling to topological charge,

§ Can eliminate by shift ; effective potential pre-dicts vanishing vev, , i.e. P, T, and CP conserved

§ Particle excitation of A: Nambu-Goldstone boson “axion” [Weinberg 78; Wilczek 78]

§ Mass

and strength of its interactions with SM controlled by decay constant fA

[Di Vecchia,Veneziano `80;Leutwyler,Smilga 92]

[Peccei,Quinn 77]

Page 12: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 12

Axionic Solution of Strong CP Problem> Extend SM by singlet complex scalar field featuring global

> Symmetry broken by vev, :

Page 13: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 13

Axionic Solution of Strong CP Problem> Extend SM by singlet complex scalar field featuring global

> Symmetry broken by vev, :

§ Excitation of modulus: (saxion)

§ Excitation of argument:

Page 14: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 14

Axionic Solution of Strong CP Problem> Extend SM by singlet complex scalar field featuring global

> Symmetry broken by vev, :

§ Excitation of modulus: (saxion)

§ Excitation of argument:

> Extend particle content further by vector-like quark with chiral assignment of PQ charges (KSVZ) [Kim 79;Shifman,Vainshtein,Zakharov 80]

Page 15: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 15

Axionic Solution of Strong CP Problem> Extend SM by singlet complex scalar field featuring global

> Symmetry broken by vev, :

§ Excitation of modulus: (saxion)

§ Excitation of argument:

> Extend particle content further by vector-like quark with chiral assignment of PQ charges (KSVZ)

> Color triangle anomaly induces low ener-gy coupling of in form of term

> term can be eliminated by shift; shiftedfield has zero vev

> Particle excitation, axion: [Weinberg 79; Wilczek 79]

[Peccei,Quinn 78]

[Kim 79;Shifman,Vainshtein,Zakharov 80]

Page 16: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 16

Saxion as Inflaton

> Take into account non-minimal coupling of Higgs and PQ field to gravity,

§ Generated anyway radiatively even if set to zero at some scale

> Non-minimal couplings stretch scalar potential in Einstein frame; makesit convex and asymptotically flat at large field values

[Fairbairn,Hogan,Marsh `14]

Page 17: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 17

Saxion as Inflaton

> Take into account non-minimal coupling of Higgs and PQ field to gravity,

§ Generated anyway radiatively even if set to zero at some scale

> Non-minimal couplings stretch scalar potential in Einstein frame; makesit convex and asymptotically flat at large field values

> Potential has valleys = attractors for Higgs Inflation (HI), Hidden ScalarInflation (HSI) or mixed Higgs Hidden Scalar Inflation (HHSI), depen-ding on relative signs of

[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit, 1610.01639]

[Fairbairn,Hogan,Marsh `14]

Page 18: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 18

Saxion as Inflaton

> CMB observables

fit by

where

[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit, 1610.01639]

��-���-���-���-� � �� ��� ��� �����-����-����-����-����-����-����-���-���-���-���-���-���-���-���-��

Page 19: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 19

Saxion as Inflaton

> HI requires huge non-minimal coupling of the Higgs:

> Perturbative unitarity lost in HI

> No unitarity problem in HSI/HHSI, if , since then

��-���-���-���-� � �� ��� ��� �����-����-����-����-����-����-����-���-���-���-���-���-���-���-���-��

[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit, 1610.01639]

Page 20: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 20

Saxion as Inflaton

> Both in HSI and HHSI with , slow-roll inflation ends at a value of

> Inflaton starts to undergo Hubble-damped oscillations in a quarticpotential, with Universe expandingas in a radiation-dominated era

Page 21: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 21

Saxion as Inflaton

> Both in HSI and HHSI with , slow-roll inflation ends at a value of

> Inflaton starts to undergo Hubble-damped oscillations in a quarticpotential, with Universe expandingas in a radiation-dominated era

> PQ symmetry restored after infla-tion already in preheating stagewhen PQ field undergoes Hubble damped oscillations in quarticpotential

�� �����-����-����-����-���-���-���-���-���-���-���-���-��

[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit `16]

Page 22: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 22

Saxion as Inflaton

> Both in HSI and HHSI with , slow-roll inflation ends at a value of

> Inflaton starts to undergo Hubble-damped oscillations in a quarticpotential, with Universe expandingas in a radiation-dominated era

> PQ symmetry restored after infla-tion already in preheating stagewhen PQ field undergoes Hubble damped oscillations in quarticpotential

> Large reheating temperature§ for mixed PQ scalar/Higgs

inflation

> Axion dark radiation: [Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit `16]

102 103 104 105

1010

1011

1012

τ

T f[GeV

]

ξσ=1

-1

10-2

10-3

10

Page 23: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 23

Saxion as Inflaton

> Sharp prediction of vs for fixed pivot scale, e.g.

HI

[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit `16]

Page 24: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 24

Saxion as Inflaton

> Sharp prediction of vs for fixed pivot scale, e.g.

> Can be probed by next generation CMB experiments (e.g. CMB-S4) [Tamarit]

CMB-S4 (r=0.01)

Page 25: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 25

Saxion as Inflaton and Axion as Dark Matter

> After PQ SSB, § Present universe consists of many

causally disconnected patches withrandom initial values of axion field

[Saikawa]

Page 26: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 26

Saxion as Inflaton and Axion as Dark Matter

> After PQ SSB, § Present universe consists of many

causally disconnected patches withrandom initial values of axion field

§ In any of these regions, axion fro-zen at initial value

§ Later when , axionfield starts to oscillate around zero; behaves like cold dark matter:

§ Naive average over patches, igno-ring inhomogeneities at boundaries

[Borsanyi et al., Nature `16 [1606.0794]]

[Raffelt]

[Preskill,Wise,Wilczek 83; Abbott,Sikivie 83; Dine,Fischler 83,....]

Page 27: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 27

Saxion as Inflaton and Axion as Dark Matter

> After PQ SSB, § Present universe consists of many

causally disconnected patches withrandom initial values of axion field

§ In any of these regions, axion fro-zen at initial value

§ Later when , axionfield starts to oscillate around zero; behaves like cold dark matter:

§ Naive average over patches, igno-ring inhomogeneities at boundaries

§ Non-negligible inhomogeneities atboundaries: cosmic strings anddomain walls

§ Axion 100% dark matter, if

[Hiramatsu et al. ]

[Klaer,Moore `17]

[Sikivie `82; Davis `86; Lyth `92]

Page 28: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 28

Dark-Matter Axion Mass in Post-inflationary PQ SB Scen.

> Current experimental bounds:

10-16

10-15

10-14

10-13

10-12

10-11

10-10

10-6 10-5 10-4

Axio

n C

oupl

ing

|GAγ

γ | (G

eV-1

)

Axion Mass mA (eV)

10-16

10-15

10-14

10-13

10-12

10-11

10-10

10-6 10-5 10-4

ADMX

RBFUF

HAYSTAC

ORGAN

KSVZ

DFSZQCD Axion Coupling

[AR,Rosenberg,Rybka (RPP) `17 ]

Page 29: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 29

Dark-Matter Axion Mass in Post-inflationary PQ SB Scen.

> Current experimental bounds vs. prediction:

10-16

10-15

10-14

10-13

10-12

10-11

10-10

10-6 10-5 10-4

Axio

n C

oupl

ing

|GAγ

γ | (G

eV-1

)

Axion Mass mA (eV)

10-16

10-15

10-14

10-13

10-12

10-11

10-10

10-6 10-5 10-4

ADMX

RBFUF

HAYSTAC

ORGAN

KSVZ

DFSZQCD Axion Coupling

[AR,Rosenberg,Rybka (RPP) `17 ]

Page 30: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 30

Saxion as Inflaton and Axion as Dark Matter

> Projected experimental sensitivities:

[Caldwell et al. `16 ]

MADMAX

Page 31: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 31

Saxion as Inflaton and Axion as Dark Matter

> Projected experimental sensitivities vs. prediction:

[Caldwell et al. `16 ]

MADMAX

Page 32: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 32

Unifying Inflation, Dark Matter, and Seesaw with PQ Field> Unify symmetry with lepton symmetry: give also the SM leptons

and the right-handed neutrinos PQ charges

SM * Axion * See-saw * Higgs portal inflation[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit, 1608.05414; 1610.01639]

[Shin 88; Dias et al. 14; Ballesteros et al. 16]

Page 33: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 33

Unifying Inflation, Dark Matter, and Seesaw with PQ Field> Unify symmetry with lepton symmetry: give also the SM leptons

and the right-handed neutrinos PQ charges

> Field content suffices to solve five pro-blems in one stroke:

1. Strong CP problem

2. Dark matter

3. Inflation

4. Neutrino masses and mixing

5. Baryogenesis

SM * Axion * See-saw * Higgs portal inflation[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit, 1608.05414; 1610.01639]

[Shin 88; Dias et al. 14; Ballesteros et al. 16]

Page 34: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 34

Unifying Inflation, Dark Matter, and Seesaw with PQ Field> Unify symmetry with lepton symmetry: give also the SM leptons

and the right-handed neutrinos PQ charges

> Field content suffices to solve five pro-blems in one stroke:

1. Strong CP problem

2. Dark matter

3. Inflation

4. Neutrino masses and mixing

5. Baryogenesis

SM * Axion * See-saw * Higgs portal inflation[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit, 1608.05414; 1610.01639]

[Shin 88; Dias et al. 14; Ballesteros et al. 16]

Page 35: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 35

Unifying Inflation, Dark Matter, and Seesaw with PQ Field> Unify symmetry with lepton symmetry: give also the SM leptons

and the right-handed neutrinos PQ charges

> Field content suffices to solve five pro-blems in one stroke:

1. Strong CP problem

2. Dark matter

3. Inflation

4. Neutrino masses and mixing

5. Baryogenesis

SM * Axion * See-saw * Higgs portal inflation[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit, 1608.05414; 1610.01639]

[Shin 88; Dias et al. 14; Ballesteros et al. 16]

Page 36: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 36

Unifying Inflation, Dark Matter, and Seesaw with PQ Field

> Complete and consistent history of the universe from inflation to now

-�� -�� -�� -�� -�� �

��

��

��

��

[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit, 1610.01639]

Page 37: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 37

Towards a GUT SMASH> In non-SUSY SO(10), gauge

coupling unification needs atleast one intermediate scale; often discussed SSB chain:

[Di Luzio `11]

Page 38: UnifyingInflation withtheAxion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis ... fileAndreas Ringwald Astroteilchenseminar Max-Planck-InstitutfürKernphysik Heidelberg, D 13 November 2017 UnifyingInflation

Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 38

Towards a GUT SMASH> In non-SUSY SO(10), gauge

coupling unification needs atleast one intermediate scale; often discussed SSB chain:

106

109

1012

1015

20

30

40

50

[Ernst,AR,Tamarit in prep.]

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Towards a GUT SMASH> In non-SUSY SO(10), gauge

coupling unification needs atleast one intermediate scale; often discussed SSB chain:

> SO(10) GUT automatically featu-res: § Neutrino masses and mixing

§ Baryogenesis via leptogenesis

> Most general Yukawas:

> SSB vevs:

> Fermion masses/mixing:

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Towards a GUT SMASH> In non-SUSY SO(10), gauge

coupling unification needs atleast one intermediate scale; often discussed SSB chain:

> SO(10) GUT automatically featu-res: § Neutrino masses and mixing

§ Baryogenesis via leptogenesis

> PQ extension adds§ Predictivity of fermion masses/mixing

§ Solution of strong CP problem

§ Axion dark matter

> PQ symmetry imposed:

> Most general Yukawas:

> SSB vevs:

> Fermion masses/mixing:

[Bajc et al. 06; Altarelli,Meloni 13;Babu,Khan 15]

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Towards a GUT SMASH

> Various models:

> Axion predictions, taking into account constraints from unification, pro-ton decay, seesaw scale, stellar cooling, superradiance of black holes:

[Ernst,AR,Tamarit in prep.]

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Axion Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments> Upcoming generation of axion dark matter direct detection experiments

can probe entire mass range:

CASPEr ABRACADABRA ADMXHAYSTACCULTASK

MADMAXORPHEUS

QUAX

BRASS

ORGAN

pre-inf.

post-inf. (NDW = 1)

post-inf. (NDW = 6)

tunedθi → 0

tunedθi → πdominant / subdominant subdominant

overclosuredominant

(uncertainty?) subdominant

overclosure dominant / subdominant

1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 1013 1012 1011 1010 109 108

10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 104 105

��[GeV]

��[μeV]

KLASH

[Saikawa `17]

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Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 43

Summary

> Remarkably simple extension of SM involving just one new dimension-ful scale provides solution of five fundamental problems

1. Neutrino oscillations

2. Baryon asymmetry

3. Dark matter

4. Inflation

5. Non-observation of strong CP violation

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Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 44

Summary

> Firm predictions in reach of upcoming experiments:

MADMAX

[Caldwell et al. `16 ]

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Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 45

Summary

> Firm predictions in reach of upcoming experiments:

CMB-S4 (r=0.01)

[Ballesteros,Redondo, AR,Tamarit `16]

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Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 46

Outlook

> Variants of SMASH§ Embedding into non-supersymmetric SO(10) in progress

§ Other variants of see-saw mechanism?

§ Relaxation mechanism to solve naturalness problems (hierarchy problem, cosmologicalconstant problem) inherent to SMASH?

> Ultraviolet completion of SMASH including quantum gravity?§ Embedding in string theory?

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Andreas Ringwald | Unifying Inflation with Axion, Dark Matter, Baryogenesis, and Seesaw, Seminar, MPIK HD, D, 13 November 2017 | Page 47

Back Up: Axion/ALP bounds from BH superradiance

> If ALP Compton wavelength oforder black hole size: § Bound states around BH nucleus

formed

§ Occupation numbers growexponentially by extracting rotationalenergy and angular momentum fromthe ergosphere

§ Forming rotating Bose-Einstein condensate emitting gravitationalwaves

§ For BH lighter than 10^7 solar masses, accretion can not replenishspin

> Existence of bosonic WISPs leads to gaps in mass vs. spinplots of rapidly rotating BHs

[Arvanitaki,Dimopoulos,Dubovsky,Kaloper,March-Russell 10]

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Back Up: Axion/ALP bounds from BH superradiance

> If ALP Compton wavelength oforder black hole size: § Bound states around BH nucleus

formed

§ Occupation numbers growexponentially by extracting rotationalenergy and angular momentum fromthe ergosphere

§ Forming rotating Bose-Einstein condensate emitting gravitationalwaves

§ For BH lighter than 10^7 solar masses, accretion can not replenishspin

> Existence of bosonic WISPs leads to gaps in mass vs. spinplots of rapidly rotating BHs

> Stellar BH spin measurementsexclude

[Arvanitaki et al. 14]

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Back Up: DM Axion Mass in Post-Infl. PQ SB Scenario

> In post-inflationary PQ breaking scenario:

> Exploiting results from field theoretic lattice simulations, updated to latestdetermination of topological susceptibility, and artificially separating

find

CDM explained for

> Large uncertainty to account for errors due to extrapolation of string ten-sion , with , from the values affordable in the simulations, , to physical values,

> New simulation method allows to simulate at physical string tension

[Hiramatsu et al. 11,12,13; Kawasaki,Saikawa,Segikuchi 15;Borsanyi et al. 16;Ballesteros et al. 16]

[Klaer,Moore `17]

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Back Up: DM Axion Mass in Post-Infl. PQ SB Scenario

> For , string‘s interactions with thelong range PQ field ( ) becomeless important relative to stringevolution under tension ( )

> For , string behavior shouldapproach that of infinitely thin, i.e. localNambu-Goto strings [Klaer,Moore `17]

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Back Up: DM Axion Mass in Post-Infl. PQ SB Scenario

> For , string‘s interactions with thelong range PQ field ( ) becomeless important relative to stringevolution under tension ( )

> For , string behavior shouldapproach that of infinitely thin, i.e. localNambu-Goto strings

> New method: exploit UV extension ofPQ field theory, with additional comp-lex scalar and additional local U(1) symmetry,

[Klaer,Moore `17]

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Back Up: DM Axion Mass in Post-Infl. PQ SB Scenario

> Exploiting lattice results on topologicalsusceptibility of :

> Axion production efficiency smallerthan angle-average of ``realignment'' mechanism

§ Simple sum

double counts

§ Energy in domain walls is the energy of fieldmisalignment, from values

[Klaer,Moore `17]

[Klaer,Moore `17]

[Borsanyi et al. `16]