UNICEF

SD emergency preparedness and response activities

1946: The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

Emergency Response TrendsUNICEF’s

RESPONSE2005-2008 2009-2012

Emergencies 842 900+

Countries 111 COs/yr 92+COs/yr

Types 50% natural disasters

22% health emerg.

28% other

102+

LEVELS Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

75% - 622

24% - 207

<1% - 2-4

75%

24%

3-5

UNICEF

2008 UNICEF Emergency Response by Region

Total Value of Approved Emergency PGMs $ 54,339,660Total 1012 Approved PGMs

126

10%

24

3%

240

47%

14

1%

143

12%20

6%

274

21%

Central and EasternEurope - CIS

Eastern Asia andPacific

Eastern and SouthernAfrica

Middle East and NorthAfrica

South Asia

Latin America andCaribbean

West and CentralAfrica

UNICEF

Preparedness – Contingency Planning

Time

Sca

le

Contingency Planning

Massive assistance

Some assistance

Response - Recovery

Local assistance

EventsConflictDisplacementN.DisastersEnvir. disastersNutrition crisesHealth crisesOther

Preparedness Risk reduction Prevention Early warning

Standing level of readiness

Support and capacity building

UNICEF

UNICEF is there

• “Before, during & after”

• Collaborative (partners, Governments, Clusters, etc.)

• Wide coverage

• All phases from regular development programmes to humanitarian action to regular development programmes

Prevention

Risk Reduction

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Core Commitments for Children in

Humanitarian Action

UNICEF

Core Commitment to children in Emergencies (CCC’s)

The Core Commitments for Children (CCC) describe UNICEF’s commitment to protect the rights of children and women in humanitarian situations. The CCCs, fulfilled by working closely with host governments and other partners, is a framework for accountability for predictable, effective and timely humanitarian action from UNICEF•The CCCs cover programme interventions for nutrition, health, water and sanitation, HIV/AIDS, education, and child protection •The CCCs are grounded in human rights and humanitarian principles, and are a cornerstone for accountability for UNICEF’s humanitarian action•The CCCs reflect actions taken throughout the preparedness and response phases, including early recovery action•The CCCs include explicit strategies to reduce disaster risk and develop national capacity at all stages of humanitarian action•The CCCs focus on action for the first eight critical weeks of humanitarian response, but continue beyond eight weeks towards defined benchmarks

Preparedness at multiple levels

- At Country level preparedness is based on an Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan, outlining emergency scenarios likely to occur and the adequate response to these. The supply component includes pre-positioning of supplies (often with partners) and/or pre-defined quantities available based on long-term agreements with suppliers

- At Regional level, similar consideration are being made as at Country level. However, commodities that are likely to be required in one or two countries but not all may be pre-positioned at this level.

- The Global strategy supports the Country level response and augments local and regional activities.UNICEF

UNICEF

Supply / Logistics EP areasSupply Plan:Definition of specific emergency itemsDefinition of ScenariosMinimum stock requirement = emergency stock

Supply Sourcing:Emergency StockProcurement ProcedureLocal LTAsPartner Agreements, TAs Off-shore

Warehousing: Contingency storage capacity identified

Transport:Local LTAsPartners’ Transport Capacity

UNICEF

Programme Supply Interface Preparedness Activities

1. Definition of specific emergency items

2. Definition of Scenarios

3. Minimum stock requirement = emergency stock

SUPPLY PLAN

EPRPTRANSPORT1. Local LTAs

2. Partners’ Transport Capacity

SUPPLY

SOURCING1. Emergency Stock

2. Procurement Procedure

2.1.1 Local LTAs

2.1.2 Partner Agreements, TAs

2.2 Off-shore

Contingency storage capacity identified

WAREHOUSING

UNICEF

Definition of essential items Target population defined: 250,000 people Provision of essential items Three phases response capacity

72 hours

2 weeks

2 months

Ongoing Activities:

Further improvement of above

Support to Regional and Country Level Preparedness.

Supply Division Emergency Response Strategy: Objectives

UNICEF

Emergency Supply List

Developed in a collaborative effort between PD and SD.Consists of 157 items staff support (32 items) programme support (125 items)

Breakdown of the programme related items by category is:Cross-Sector 3Education/CP 8Health 45Nutrition 27IT 25WASH 17

ESL: http://www.supply.unicef.dk/catalogue/Emergency_Items.pdf

UNICEF

250,000 Population TargetDemographic parameters

Country: General

Children from 6 to 12 months (CHILD612M) 5 %Children from 12 to 59 months (CHILD1259M) 15 %Children under 5 years (CHILD5Y) 20 %Children from 0 to 14 years (default for measles vaccination) (CHILD14Y) 45 %PLW - if all included in SFP (PLW) 5 %Under 5s GAM (GAM5Y) 3 %Under 5s SAM (SAM5Y) 0.6 %ECD (0 to 6 years) (ECD) 25 %Primary School (7 to 12 years) (PRIMSCHOOL) 15 %Adolescent (13 to 18 years) (ADOLESCENT) 10 %Women (WOMEN) 51 %Pregnant women (WOMENPREG) 2.4 %Pregnant women expected to develop complications (WOMENPREGCOMPL) 0.8 %Pregnant women expected to require surgery (WOMENPREGSURG) 0.26 %Lactating women (WOMENLACT) 2.6 %People per family/household (FAMSIZE) 5 peopleCholera outbreak patients (CHOLPAT) 12 %

UNICEF

Provision of essential itemsStockpiling of ESL items:

Only the 72h and 2 weeks response quantities are considered for storage by UNICEF in SD or partners’ warehouses

Multiple LTA’s for ESL commodities:Reduction of replenishment timesBroader supply base Distribution of suppliers with geographic considerationsRequirement for standardisation

Vendor Managed Inventory:RUTF, Flat jackets (new)

Outsourcing to partners:WFP, HCR

Partnerships: Veolia, MSB

UNICEF

Step 4: Certain items are very costly but important

high

high

low

lowE.g. toys

E.g. VSAT

• Risk factor = Actual Cost of item + Off-take (historic)• Priority = Speed required + Cost per beneficiary

E.g. mosquito nets

Risk

Pri

orit

y

[Price + WH + Transport + insurance ++] / Target population = Cost per Beneficiary

UNICEF Pre-packed Kits• Copenhagen stocks components for assembly of 38

unique kits • Kits conform to UNICEF mandate (WASH, RCH,

Edu, Nutrition)• Kits are palletized in standardized lots

• Expiration dates are tracked in WMS• Kits contain a complete set of supplies/instructions

• Products must be in a “Ready-To-Go” condition for dispatch within 48 hours following a disaster - the most efficient way to accomplish this is pre-assemble kits

• Pre-packed standard kits are designed to meet a variety of emergency needs for critical areas of medical, food & housing UNICEF

Pre-packed kits (Cont.) Medical Care

Emergency Health Kit: to meet the initial health care needs of a displaced population without medical facilities. Contains medicines, medical supplies and basic medical equipment for a population of 10,000 people for three months. Post exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Kit: treatment used after an individual has been sexually abused or unwittingly exposed to HIV to reduce the risk of infectionObstetric Surgical Kit: designed to improve maternal and neo-natal care. Contains supplies and equipment including surgical instruments, basic sterilization and resuscitation equipment for health facilities to handle an average of 100 deliveries, including 50 with complications and surgery (with an average of 25 caesarean sections). Midwifery Kit: for midwifes to handle 50 normal deliveries. Contains basic medicines, renewable medical supplies, medical equipment and basic sterilization and resuscitation equipment First Aid Kit: designed for anyone to treat or dress a range of minor injuries and ailments such as a cut finger, minor burn, or eye infection. It can be used in domestic settings or in schools, for exampleDiagnostic tests kits: Pregnancy, malaria, HIV and hepatitis

Current innovative solutions

Ice from the sun

Uninterrupted refrigeration of vaccines is vital, and a major challenge in parts of the world with limited or unreliable electricity supplies or in emergencies. SolarChill stores the power of the sun by creating ice – instead of charging batteries – to keep vaccines cool. The open-source SolarChill technology was developed by UNICEF and its partners, and is currently being improved following successful piloting

Current innovative solutions

Co-packaging of medicines

Failure to take zinc with oral rehydration salts (ORS) for diarrhea can lead to treatment failure, recurrence of the diarrhea and death. UNICEF is working with academia on methods of combining ORS with zinc tablets in one package – incorporating simple instructions, encouraging uptake and saving children’s lives

Pre-packed kits (Cont.)

Education and protection Early Childhood Development Kit: to strengthen the response for young children caught in emergencies. The Kit offers young children access to play, stimulation and early learning opportunities and permits them to retrieve a sense of normalcy. School-in-a-Box/ Carton Kit: contains supplies and materials for a teacher and 40 students (exercise books, pencils, erasers and scissors, a wooden teaching clock, wooden cubes for counting, a wind-up/solar radio and a set of three laminated posters (alphabet, multiplication and number tables), supplied in a locked aluminum box, the lid of which can double as a blackboard when coated with the special paint included in the kit)Recreation Kit: For up to 40 children (contains equipment for football, volleyball and handball, bowling pins and balls, colored tunics for different teams and chalk and a measuring tape for marking play areas, whistles, pickets with flags for the field and a slate for keeping score. Comes in a metal box that can be locked for safekeeping).Cooking Kit includes cooking pots, bowls, cups, and coffee pot. The kit is intended for one family use in emergency situations

Pre-packed kits (Cont.) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

Basic Family Water Kit: includes water containers, buckets, soap and water purification tablets for 10 families. Hygiene Kit for adults:  Contains toothbrushes and toothpaste, soap, soap box, detergent, toilet paper, safety pins, towels, comb, shampoo, sanitary towels and a washing line.Hygiene Kit for baby: contains toothpaste, toothbrushes, nappies and safety pins, zinc ointment, panties for diapers, shampoo, towels and soaps. The kit if designed for baby/infant hygiene in emergency conditions.Water Quality Testing Kit: to test the presence of microbiological substances, harmful chemicals as well as physical parameters such as color, taste and odor. Equipment and accessories vary according to the test to be carried out. Arsenic testing kit: comes in various versions, differing mainly in the presentation of reagents (liquid, powder or tablets) for the measurement of arsenic in water. Each of them comes with different accessories.

Current innovative solutions

Collapsible water container

UNICEF’s current 10-litre jerry can for use in emergencies is collapsible but awkward to carry. A team including academic partners is creating an improved carrier that is collapsible, durable, easy to carry and less expensive

Pre-packed kits (Cont.) Shelter

Tarpaulin or plastic sheeting along with ropes, provide basic protection to children and their families. They can also be used for latrines and other structures or, in colder climates, as flooring or liners for tents. Tarpaulin is available in 4 x 50 meter-rolls, which can provide basic shelter for 10 families, or in single 4 x 5 meter sheets, enough for one family.Blankets: UNICEF provides emergency wool-blend blankets (150 x 200 cm) adapted to the local climate, and cotton baby blankets (90 x 130 cm). Cooking sets: In emergencies, UNICEF provides cooking sets for the most vulnerable families, containing 2 cooking pots, 4 bowls, 4 cups and a coffee/tea pot.Tents: tents for shelter in both 24m2 and 72m2 sizes. The 24 square meter tent can be used for family and staff accommodation, while the 72 square meter tent can be used for temporary clinics and classrooms in support of UNICEF's efforts in the areas of education and healthFood and early recovery utensils (spades, rakes, etc. – Not part of UNICEF supplies and distribution)

Current innovative solutions

Emergency shelterIn partnership with its suppliers, UNICEF is developing improved designs for emergency response tents which will be more compact, lighter and easier to erect – reducing both assembly time and transportation costs

RecapitulationSD stocks in Copenhagen, Dubai, Panama, Shanghai, Accra

Aim to have emergency stocks with suppliers for availability within 48hrs (for 72hrs response) and 10 days (for 2 weeks response)

General understanding that emergency items available from multiple suppliers (need for multiple LTAs)

Collaboration with humanitarian partners in sharing agreements or procuring of partners (shelter related items: UNHCR, Nutrition kits: MSF; and Cluster approach)

Global freight agreements to enable transport with minimum delays

For global supplies, air transport only means of transport for first two phases, i.e. 72hrs and 2 weeks. For 2 months response sea transport feasible if needs identified early

Consideration of high air transport costs vs possible need to write off items that are not being used at CO during shelf life time.

UNICEF

UNICEF

UNICEF’s warehouse value (US$129 mil in 43 COs)

Inventory Value by CO (US$)

$0

$2,000,000

$4,000,000

$6,000,000

$8,000,000

$10,000,000

$12,000,000

$14,000,000

$16,000,000

Country Office

US

$

UNICEF

Emergency Supplies Calculator

To support Country Offices in quick identification supplies and quantities needed

To assist Country Offices with the estimation of the costs for items and transport

We look forward to acontinuing collaboration with the Government of India

Thank you !!!