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Understanding Population Understanding Population Trends and ProcessesTrends and Processes::Links between internal Links between internal
migration, commuting and migration, commuting and within household relationshipswithin household relationships
Oliver Duke-WilliamsOliver Duke-WilliamsSchool of Geography, University of LeedsSchool of Geography, University of Leeds
[email protected]@leeds.ac.uk
www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williamswww.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williams//
ESRC Grant No: RES 163-25-0007
Migration and commutingMigration and commuting
Migration and commuting are important Migration and commuting are important agents of changeagents of change
Migration behaviour varies withMigration behaviour varies with The number of persons who move togetherThe number of persons who move together The presence (or not) of existing residents in The presence (or not) of existing residents in
the destination householdthe destination household Relationships between migrants and existing Relationships between migrants and existing
residentsresidents
Migration and commutingMigration and commuting
Migration affects patterns of commutingMigration affects patterns of commuting Change in location of employmentChange in location of employment Change in journey to workChange in journey to work
Trade-offs between migration and Trade-offs between migration and commutingcommuting Long distance weekly commutingLong distance weekly commuting Dual career householdsDual career households
AimsAims
Investigate trends and processes related Investigate trends and processes related to characteristics of individuals and groups to characteristics of individuals and groups of migrantsof migrants
Investigate interactions between migration Investigate interactions between migration and commuting behaviourand commuting behaviour
Investigate how relationships between and Investigate how relationships between and within groups of migrants and residents within groups of migrants and residents explain mobility patternsexplain mobility patterns
Data sourcesData sources
2001 Census2001 Census Longitudinal StudyLongitudinal Study Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey British Household Panel SurveyBritish Household Panel Survey
Moving groupsMoving groups
A new innovation in the 2001 CensusA new innovation in the 2001 Census Allows separate groups within the household Allows separate groups within the household
to be identifiedto be identified Previous Censuses had only ‘migrants’ and Previous Censuses had only ‘migrants’ and
‘wholly moving households’‘wholly moving households’
Moving groups in the UKMoving groups in the UK
About 3.5million About 3.5million groups identifiedgroups identified
These contained These contained 5.8million migrants5.8million migrants
Group size Group size distribution is distribution is different for wholly different for wholly moving and other moving and other groupsgroups
Group Group
size size (persons)(persons)
Wholly Wholly moving moving hholdshholds
Other Other groupsgroups
TotalTotal 1.71m1.71m 1.83m1.83m
1 1 42.2%42.2% 84.5%84.5%
2 2 29.3%29.3% 9.7%9.7%
3+3+ 28.5%28.5% 5.7%5.7%
Source: 2001 Census: Special Migration Statistics Level 1; Table MG106
Classifying group typesClassifying group types
Size of m
oving groupS
ize of moving group
Size of householdSize of household
Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons
Single personSingle person
Two+ personsTwo+ persons
Classifying group typesClassifying group types
Size of m
oving groupS
ize of moving group
Size of householdSize of household
Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons
Single personSingle person
Two+ personsTwo+ persons n/an/a
Classifying group typesClassifying group types
Size of m
oving groupS
ize of moving group
Size of householdSize of household
Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons
Single personSingle person ‘‘Lone’ migrantLone’ migrant
Two+ personsTwo+ persons n/an/a
Classifying group typesClassifying group types
Size of m
oving groupS
ize of moving group
Size of householdSize of household
Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons
Single personSingle person ‘‘Lone’ migrantLone’ migrant Migrant into existing Migrant into existing householdhousehold
Two+ personsTwo+ persons n/an/a
Classifying group typesClassifying group types
Size of m
oving groupS
ize of moving group
Size of householdSize of household
Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons
Single personSingle person ‘‘Lone’ migrantLone’ migrant Migrant into existing Migrant into existing householdhousehold
Two+ personsTwo+ persons n/an/a Partly or Wholly Partly or Wholly moving householdmoving household
ObjectivesObjectives
Classifying moving group typesClassifying moving group types Describe spatial patterns of internal Describe spatial patterns of internal
migration in UK by various groupsmigration in UK by various groups
Spatial patterns of migrationSpatial patterns of migration
How do preferred destinations vary for How do preferred destinations vary for groups of different sizes?groups of different sizes?
Is there a difference in the distances Is there a difference in the distances travelled?travelled?
ObjectivesObjectives
Classifying moving group typesClassifying moving group types Describe spatial patterns of internal Describe spatial patterns of internal
migration in UK by various groupsmigration in UK by various groups Describe spatial patterns of commuting Describe spatial patterns of commuting
behaviour by household compositionbehaviour by household composition
Spatial commuting patternsSpatial commuting patterns
Using the Census, explore patterns at an Using the Census, explore patterns at an aggregate scaleaggregate scale By family statusBy family status By living arrangementsBy living arrangements
Using the Labour Force Survey, explore Using the Labour Force Survey, explore patterns for individuals at national scalepatterns for individuals at national scale
ObjectivesObjectives
Classifying moving group typesClassifying moving group types Describe spatial patterns of internal Describe spatial patterns of internal
migration in UK by various groupsmigration in UK by various groups Describe spatial patterns of commuting Describe spatial patterns of commuting
behaviour by household compositionbehaviour by household composition Relate spatial behaviour to relationships Relate spatial behaviour to relationships
within householdwithin household
Relationship matrixRelationship matrix
Allows a partial grid to Allows a partial grid to be constructedbe constructed
Remainder is derivedRemainder is derived Information for 6Information for 6thth and and
subsequent persons subsequent persons is limitedis limited
Source: 2001 Census form H1. ONS
Relationship matrixRelationship matrix
Allows wider range of family types to be Allows wider range of family types to be identifiedidentified Extended familiesExtended families Multi-generational familiesMulti-generational families
Allows easier identification of hidden Allows easier identification of hidden familiesfamilies
Relating spatial behaviour and Relating spatial behaviour and household relationshipshousehold relationships
Use records from Longitudinal StudyUse records from Longitudinal Study Explore patterns for a sample of individual Explore patterns for a sample of individual
householdshouseholds How well do aggregate patterns reflect range How well do aggregate patterns reflect range
of individual patterns?of individual patterns? Analysis likely to be at national levelAnalysis likely to be at national level
Explore long-term stability of moving Explore long-term stability of moving groupsgroups
ObjectivesObjectives
Classifying moving group typesClassifying moving group types Describe spatial patterns of internal Describe spatial patterns of internal
migration in UK by various groupsmigration in UK by various groups Describe spatial patterns of commuting Describe spatial patterns of commuting
behaviour by household compositionbehaviour by household composition Relate spatial behaviour to relationships Relate spatial behaviour to relationships
within householdwithin household Link migration patterns to commuting Link migration patterns to commuting
behaviourbehaviour
Linking migration and commuting Linking migration and commuting patternspatterns
Use BHPS to study motivations for Use BHPS to study motivations for migration and impact on householdsmigration and impact on households Changes in material circumstanceChanges in material circumstance Changes in household compositionChanges in household composition
Use LFS to studyUse LFS to study Changes in commuting behaviourChanges in commuting behaviour Find comparator households to those in LSFind comparator households to those in LS
Oliver Duke-WilliamsOliver Duke-Williams
[email protected]@leeds.ac.uk
www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williamswww.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williams//
Links between internal Links between internal migration, commuting and migration, commuting and
within household relationshipswithin household relationships