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Understanding Population Understanding Population Trends and Processes Trends and Processes : : Links between internal Links between internal migration, commuting and migration, commuting and within household within household relationships relationships Oliver Duke-Williams Oliver Duke-Williams School of Geography, University of School of Geography, University of Leeds Leeds [email protected] [email protected] www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williams www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williams / / ESRC Grant No: RES 163-25- 0007

Understanding Population Trends and Processes: Links between internal migration, commuting and within household relationships Oliver Duke-Williams School

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Understanding Population Understanding Population Trends and ProcessesTrends and Processes::Links between internal Links between internal

migration, commuting and migration, commuting and within household relationshipswithin household relationships

Oliver Duke-WilliamsOliver Duke-WilliamsSchool of Geography, University of LeedsSchool of Geography, University of Leeds

[email protected]@leeds.ac.uk

www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williamswww.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williams//

ESRC Grant No: RES 163-25-0007

Migration and commutingMigration and commuting

Migration and commuting are important Migration and commuting are important agents of changeagents of change

Migration behaviour varies withMigration behaviour varies with The number of persons who move togetherThe number of persons who move together The presence (or not) of existing residents in The presence (or not) of existing residents in

the destination householdthe destination household Relationships between migrants and existing Relationships between migrants and existing

residentsresidents

Migration and commutingMigration and commuting

Migration affects patterns of commutingMigration affects patterns of commuting Change in location of employmentChange in location of employment Change in journey to workChange in journey to work

Trade-offs between migration and Trade-offs between migration and commutingcommuting Long distance weekly commutingLong distance weekly commuting Dual career householdsDual career households

AimsAims

Investigate trends and processes related Investigate trends and processes related to characteristics of individuals and groups to characteristics of individuals and groups of migrantsof migrants

Investigate interactions between migration Investigate interactions between migration and commuting behaviourand commuting behaviour

Investigate how relationships between and Investigate how relationships between and within groups of migrants and residents within groups of migrants and residents explain mobility patternsexplain mobility patterns

Data sourcesData sources

2001 Census2001 Census Longitudinal StudyLongitudinal Study Labour Force SurveyLabour Force Survey British Household Panel SurveyBritish Household Panel Survey

ObjectivesObjectives

Classifying moving group typesClassifying moving group types

Moving groupsMoving groups

A new innovation in the 2001 CensusA new innovation in the 2001 Census Allows separate groups within the household Allows separate groups within the household

to be identifiedto be identified Previous Censuses had only ‘migrants’ and Previous Censuses had only ‘migrants’ and

‘wholly moving households’‘wholly moving households’

Moving groups in the UKMoving groups in the UK

About 3.5million About 3.5million groups identifiedgroups identified

These contained These contained 5.8million migrants5.8million migrants

Group size Group size distribution is distribution is different for wholly different for wholly moving and other moving and other groupsgroups

Group Group

size size (persons)(persons)

Wholly Wholly moving moving hholdshholds

Other Other groupsgroups

TotalTotal 1.71m1.71m 1.83m1.83m

1 1 42.2%42.2% 84.5%84.5%

2 2 29.3%29.3% 9.7%9.7%

3+3+ 28.5%28.5% 5.7%5.7%

Source: 2001 Census: Special Migration Statistics Level 1; Table MG106

Classifying group typesClassifying group types

Size of m

oving groupS

ize of moving group

Size of householdSize of household

Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons

Single personSingle person

Two+ personsTwo+ persons

Classifying group typesClassifying group types

Size of m

oving groupS

ize of moving group

Size of householdSize of household

Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons

Single personSingle person

Two+ personsTwo+ persons n/an/a

Classifying group typesClassifying group types

Size of m

oving groupS

ize of moving group

Size of householdSize of household

Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons

Single personSingle person ‘‘Lone’ migrantLone’ migrant

Two+ personsTwo+ persons n/an/a

Classifying group typesClassifying group types

Size of m

oving groupS

ize of moving group

Size of householdSize of household

Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons

Single personSingle person ‘‘Lone’ migrantLone’ migrant Migrant into existing Migrant into existing householdhousehold

Two+ personsTwo+ persons n/an/a

Classifying group typesClassifying group types

Size of m

oving groupS

ize of moving group

Size of householdSize of household

Single personSingle person Two+ personsTwo+ persons

Single personSingle person ‘‘Lone’ migrantLone’ migrant Migrant into existing Migrant into existing householdhousehold

Two+ personsTwo+ persons n/an/a Partly or Wholly Partly or Wholly moving householdmoving household

ObjectivesObjectives

Classifying moving group typesClassifying moving group types Describe spatial patterns of internal Describe spatial patterns of internal

migration in UK by various groupsmigration in UK by various groups

Spatial patterns of migrationSpatial patterns of migration

How do preferred destinations vary for How do preferred destinations vary for groups of different sizes?groups of different sizes?

Is there a difference in the distances Is there a difference in the distances travelled?travelled?

ObjectivesObjectives

Classifying moving group typesClassifying moving group types Describe spatial patterns of internal Describe spatial patterns of internal

migration in UK by various groupsmigration in UK by various groups Describe spatial patterns of commuting Describe spatial patterns of commuting

behaviour by household compositionbehaviour by household composition

Spatial commuting patternsSpatial commuting patterns

Using the Census, explore patterns at an Using the Census, explore patterns at an aggregate scaleaggregate scale By family statusBy family status By living arrangementsBy living arrangements

Using the Labour Force Survey, explore Using the Labour Force Survey, explore patterns for individuals at national scalepatterns for individuals at national scale

ObjectivesObjectives

Classifying moving group typesClassifying moving group types Describe spatial patterns of internal Describe spatial patterns of internal

migration in UK by various groupsmigration in UK by various groups Describe spatial patterns of commuting Describe spatial patterns of commuting

behaviour by household compositionbehaviour by household composition Relate spatial behaviour to relationships Relate spatial behaviour to relationships

within householdwithin household

Relationship matrixRelationship matrix

Allows a partial grid to Allows a partial grid to be constructedbe constructed

Remainder is derivedRemainder is derived Information for 6Information for 6thth and and

subsequent persons subsequent persons is limitedis limited

Source: 2001 Census form H1. ONS

Relationship matrixRelationship matrix

Allows wider range of family types to be Allows wider range of family types to be identifiedidentified Extended familiesExtended families Multi-generational familiesMulti-generational families

Allows easier identification of hidden Allows easier identification of hidden familiesfamilies

Relating spatial behaviour and Relating spatial behaviour and household relationshipshousehold relationships

Use records from Longitudinal StudyUse records from Longitudinal Study Explore patterns for a sample of individual Explore patterns for a sample of individual

householdshouseholds How well do aggregate patterns reflect range How well do aggregate patterns reflect range

of individual patterns?of individual patterns? Analysis likely to be at national levelAnalysis likely to be at national level

Explore long-term stability of moving Explore long-term stability of moving groupsgroups

ObjectivesObjectives

Classifying moving group typesClassifying moving group types Describe spatial patterns of internal Describe spatial patterns of internal

migration in UK by various groupsmigration in UK by various groups Describe spatial patterns of commuting Describe spatial patterns of commuting

behaviour by household compositionbehaviour by household composition Relate spatial behaviour to relationships Relate spatial behaviour to relationships

within householdwithin household Link migration patterns to commuting Link migration patterns to commuting

behaviourbehaviour

Linking migration and commuting Linking migration and commuting patternspatterns

Use BHPS to study motivations for Use BHPS to study motivations for migration and impact on householdsmigration and impact on households Changes in material circumstanceChanges in material circumstance Changes in household compositionChanges in household composition

Use LFS to studyUse LFS to study Changes in commuting behaviourChanges in commuting behaviour Find comparator households to those in LSFind comparator households to those in LS

Oliver Duke-WilliamsOliver Duke-Williams

[email protected]@leeds.ac.uk

www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williamswww.geog.leeds.ac.uk/people/o.duke-williams//

Links between internal Links between internal migration, commuting and migration, commuting and

within household relationshipswithin household relationships