UNCLASSIFIED What are MHQs with MOCs?requirements for manning, training, and equipping future maritime forces • 2005 Navy Afloat Targeting Integrated Process Team (NAT IPT) workshop

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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE

Maritime Headquarters (MHQ)Maritime Headquarters (MHQ)with Maritime Operations Centerswith Maritime Operations Centers

and Navy Experimentationand Navy Experimentation

MORS Workshop: WG3 Methodologies and ToolsMORS Workshop: WG3 Methodologies and ToolsWilliam J. Startin, Ph.D.William J. Startin, Ph.D.

Second Fleet CNA RepresentativeSecond Fleet CNA Representative757757--443443--9850 x47313 / 9850 x47313 / [email protected]@secondflt.navy.mil

04 OCT 200604 OCT 2006

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SOUTHCOM

PACOM

EUCOM

CENTCOM

STRATCOM JFCOM SOCOM TRANSCOMFFCFFC NAVSPECWARNAVSPECWAR MSCMSCFFCFFC

NAVSONAVSO

PACFLTPACFLT

C3FC3F

C6FC6F

NNWCNNWC--IOIO

SUB CTFsSUB CTFs

C2FC2F

NAVEURNAVEURNORTHCOM*

C5FC5F

NAVCENTNAVCENTC7FC7F

FFCFFC

* CFFC is assigned as supporting commander to NORTHCOM and STRATCOM (not COCOM). MOAsexist for PACOM and JFCOM to provide maritime forces (C3F & C2F) to NORTHCOM when required.

C3FC3F C2FC2F

***

*

What are What are MHQsMHQs with with MOCsMOCs??CONCEPT FORMERLY KNOWN AS GLOBALLY NETWORKED JFMCCs

Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188

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1. REPORT DATE 04 OCT 2006 2. REPORT TYPE

3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2006 to 00-00-2006

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Maritime Headquarters (MHQ) with Maritime Operations Centers andNavy Experimentation

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

5b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER

5e. TASK NUMBER

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Second Fleet,1751 Morris Street BG D-29,Norfolk,VA,23511-9646

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12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES MORS Workshop: Bringing Analytical Rigor to Joint Warfighting Experimentation, 3-5 Oct 2006,Norfolk, VA

14. ABSTRACT

15. SUBJECT TERMS

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as

Report (SAR)

18. NUMBEROF PAGES

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19a. NAME OFRESPONSIBLE PERSON

a. REPORT unclassified

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c. THIS PAGE unclassified

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18

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MHQ Concept HistoryMHQ Concept History

• 1999 JFMCC concept introduced to– Provide a capability

• prioritize multiple tasks with limited naval assets, and• conduct full range of EBO in a joint environment.

– Develop a process• accommodate simultaneous offensive and defensive

operations at the tactical and operational levels, and • allow the JFMCC to integrate all naval missions in the

littorals.

• 2000 NWDC* develops JFMCC CONOPS for Millennium Challenge 02

• 2003 NWDC presents draft JFMCC TACMEMO modeled after the USAF planning process (not endorsed by fleets)

* NWDC = Navy Warfare Development Command

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Concept History, cont.Concept History, cont.

• 2003 NWDC develops Sea Trial Campaign Plan– JFMCC as the context to establish fleet generated

requirements for manning, training, and equipping future maritime forces

• 2005 Navy Afloat Targeting Integrated Process Team (NAT IPT) workshop produces draft JFMCC Fires Annex for the TACMEMO

• 2005 C2F introduces Globally Networked JFMCCs.• 2006 NWDC introduces a revised version of the JFMCC

TACMEMO (3-32-06)• 2006 C2F introduces MHQ with MOC following Flag-level

conference, revising Globally Networked JFMCCs concept.

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Why MHQ w/ MOC?Why MHQ w/ MOC?• After-action analyses of 9-11, OEF, OIF, and Katrina HA/DR

identified gaps in C2 capabilities– Analyses highlighted limited ability to:

• Command in a dynamic environment• Rapidly identify necessary participants or communities of interest

across echelons for planning and response to crisis action• Provide consistent situational understanding at all command levels• Efficiently collaborate• Receive rapid feedback to assess and adapt to emerging

conditions and shortened planning/execution timelines• Demand signals / guidance:

• CNO Guidance, 2005 and 2006• SECDEF memo – Formation & Sustainment of JTF HQs, Feb 2005• National Strategy for Maritime Security, Sep 2005• CNO / CFFC Tasking Messages, 28 SEP 05• QDR, 2006 (especially Distributed Networked Operations)• Consensus of CNO Maritime Security Conference, Jan & Sep 2006• Naval Operations Concept, Sep 2006

Close the gaps at the operational level

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Ser

vice

Com

pone

nt

CD

Rs*

Sub-unified CDRor JTF CDR

Army

Marines

Air Force

Navy

Joint Task ForceCDR*Potential Navy roles

JFLCC

JFSOCC

JFACC

JFMCC

FunctionalC

omponent

CD

Rs*

* Navy CDRs in Joint Roles: (when designated by JFC)- Joint Task Force CDR (JTF CDR)- Functional Component CDR (JFMCC)- Navy Service Component CDR in support of JFC

Joint Force Choices

Joint Force Commander

Potential Joint Roles for Navy Potential Joint Roles for Navy MHQsMHQs

SECDEF & CNOGuidance

CNO & National Strategy for Maritime Security Guidance“Normal and Routine Ops”

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FleetManagement

Operations(MOC)

Designated Joint CDRs**:- Joint Task Force CDR (JTF CDR)- Functional Component CDR (JFMCC)- Navy Service Component CDR (SCC-N)

Navy ServiceFunctions

OperationsFunctions

Navy Operational-Level CDRs*: - Navy Component CDR (NCC-CCDR)- Numbered Fleet CDR (# Fleet CDR)- Principal HQ CDR (Prin. HQ CDR)

MHQ CDR

** when designated by JFC

Shared StaffFunctions

JTF CDR

Fleet & Ops Support

JFMCC

Service Comp* as assigned in Forces For…

NCC-CCDR

# FleetCDR

Prin. HQCDR

Functional Diagram - Not Organizational Chart!

Functional Model of MHQFunctional Model of MHQ

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Where MHQ w/ MOC takes the NavyWhere MHQ w/ MOC takes the Navy• More emphasis on joint expertise for Navy personnel

– Training in maritime view of joint processes (not just planning)• MHQ staffs trained and certified for designated JTF and/or

JFMCC staff roles• MHQs with MOCs designed with an operational perspective

– Numbered Fleets no longer function as “a major tactical unit of the Navy”

• Seamless ability to share information & knowledge across fleets for maritime awareness MDA/HS/HD (as permitted by Combatant Commanders)

• Common processes and procedures across MHQs for scalability & continuity– Centralized Guidance, Collaborative Distributed Planning,

Decentralized Execution• Organized to support operations for Combatant Commanders

across the ROMO without degrading Title X Service functions“Fleet Management” (a CONUS Fleet concern)

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MHQ w/ MOC ExperimentationMHQ w/ MOC Experimentation

DiscoveryDiscovery

Hypothesis Testing

Demonstration

Acquire/ Build

Fielded Capability

24 Months

18 Months

Spiral Development

MHQ Capabilities Portfolios

We are here

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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEMOC as Experimentation HubMOC as Experimentation Hub

MHQMHQ

MOCMOC

MDA

MBMD

Seabasing

Space

IO

CND

FLT Log

NOC Playbook

Joint Family of CONOPS

AIS

MHD

GWOT - D

FLT Mgmt

GWOT - O

NNWC

NNWC

C3F

Global Basing/Presence

Conc of Maritime Cap

Sustainment of Mar Cap

Control LOC

NNWC

C3F

C2F

C3F

C2F

Sea Strike

Sea Shield

C2F

C3F

FOR OPERATIONAL-LEVEL CONOPS

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Joint Maritime/Littoral Operations

Joint Force Projection

Joint LogisticsJoint IA/ IGO/ NGO CoordinationJoint Public Affairs Operations

Joint Net-Centric OperationsJoint C2Joint Battlespace Awareness

Joint Protection

Joint Force GenerationJoint Force Management

Joint Air Operations

Joint Maritime/ Littoral Operations

Joint Space Operations

Joint Information Operations

Joint Land Operations

Operational JCAs (Experimentation Themes)

FORCEnetFORCEnet

Sea Shield

FORCEnet

Sea Basing

Sea WarriorSea Enterprise

Inst

itutio

nal

Dom

ain

Func

tiona

l JC

As

Sea Power Focus Area

Def

ense

Sup

port

to

Civ

il A

utho

ritie

s

Join

t Hom

elan

d D

efen

se

Join

t Acc

ess

and

Acc

ess

Den

ial

Join

t Spe

c O

ps

and

Irreg

ular

Ops

Join

t Glo

bal D

eter

renc

e

Join

t Sha

ping

Join

t Sta

bilit

y O

pera

tions

Focus areas

Capability Focus of MHQ w/ MOC Capability Focus of MHQ w/ MOC ExperimentationExperimentation

RANGE OF MILITARY OPERATIONS

Sea Strike

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Orders

Guidance

Effects

Abstract MOC Functional ModelAbstract MOC Functional Model

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Orders

Guidance

Effects

Abstract MOC Functional ModelAbstract MOC Functional Model

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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEMHQ w/ MOC Experimentation CampaignMHQ w/ MOC Experimentation Campaign

(Process(Process--centric Framework)centric Framework)

Decision and

GuidancePlan Allocate

ForcesDirect

(Re-direct)MonitorAssess

NC

CN

CC

w JO

A

JTF CD

RJFM

CC

NC

CN

CC

w JO

A

JTF CD

RJFM

CC

NC

CN

CC

w JO

A

JTF CD

RJFM

CC

NC

CN

CC

w JO

A

JTF CD

RJFM

CC

NC

CN

CC

w JO

A

JTF CD

RJFM

CC

NC

CN

CC

w JO

A

JTF CD

RJFM

CC

Policy/ Doctrine/ Governance

Processes

Technologies

People/ Organization

Roles

Portfolio of Capabilities

Operational Level Process GroupsSense(Intel)

NC

CN

CC

w JO

A

JTF CD

RJFM

CC

Roles

SPIRAL 1 – Maritime Security Focus

Normal and Routine Shaping MHQ CDR as NCC or Numbered Fleet CDR

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MOC Maritime Security WorkshopsMOC Maritime Security Workshops

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ControlControl

MHQ CommandMHQ Command

Collaborate

Coordination

Team Interaction

Simulates the role played by Coalition partners and other possible nation-statesSimulates Interagency actors

RedRed

Future PlansFuture Plans

Future OpsFuture Ops

Current OpsCurrent Ops

Assessment Working Group

Assessment Working Group

MOC PLAYER TEAMSSimulate Maritime Operations

Center

GreenGreen

Tactical ResponseTactical Response Executes orders & plays tactical response

MHQ w/ MOC MHQ w/ MOC Maritime Security Maritime Security WargameWargame

Intelligence, Logistics, Shared Support

Intelligence, Logistics, Shared Support

Responds to Shared Support, Intel and Logistics RFIs

Provides decisions & guidance

At Commander’s request, develop long-range plans

Execute plans and monitor currently tasked forces

Prepare plans for execution by allocating and tasking

Analyze situation and assess I&W or other data to help CDR decisions

WHITE TEAMSRespond to MOC Actions/RFIs and

play all others

The Control Team oversees game play and ensures the game stays on trackRepresents those entities not represented on other teams, such as:

–Press/Media–The White House–Congress–Public

The Red Team provides adversarial actions in the scenariosConsiders actions that would be taken to threaten Blue

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Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

• Allocate adequate time to plan events, and time between events• Use studies to clearly define processes in greater detail prior to

designing discovery/experimentation events• Workshops are best for discovery if highly focused

– Assess-Plan-Execute themes delivered some insights but tended to be inconclusive on details

– Broadly scoped workshops do not focus participants enough– Need appropriate stimulators (scenario and staff deliverables) to

drive discovery to decisive conclusions• Nontraditional “Wargames” are useful for operational-level

experimentation– Very effective to identify process gaps for further study– Controlled environment keeps participants scoped to operational-

level issues– Several isolated teams addressing issues/solutions may be very

helpful to sample “solution space”• Studies generate Hypotheses – Experiments feed Analysis

MHQ w/ MOC EXPERIMENTATION METHODS

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NATOMOC(s)

UK

ITALY2nd

Fleet

COALITION

Combatant Commanders (Geographic)

3rd

Fleet6th

Fleet

COALITION COALITION

FunctionalNCCs & Prin HQsFFC, SPECWAR,

MSC, NNWC,Sub CTFs

JTF

NCC

JTF&

JFMCC

NCC

(Functional)

OTHERAGENCIES

M

D

A

COMM’LENTITIES

JFMCC

JTF

NCC

JFMCC

JTF

NCC

JFMCC

Core Functions, Processes and Systems Must be Common

ONI/NMIC

Globally Networked MOCs (TW07)Globally Networked MOCs (TW07)Global Maritime Information HighwaysGlobal Maritime Information Highways

OTHERSERVICES

USCGLANT/PAC

NUMBERED

FLEET

NUMBERED

FLEET

NUMBERED

FLEETCAN

MOC

INTELSTRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS

COP / UDOPINFO / DATABASES

AUSMOC

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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEGlobally Connected Globally Connected AOCsAOCs & &

MOCs (JEFX 08)MOCs (JEFX 08)

Globally Netted

TRANSCOM

USFK/UNC/CFC

CENTCOM

PACOM

EUCOM

SOUTHCOM

AFCENShaw/AUAB

AFSOUTHDM

AFNEAOsan

AFEURRamstein

AFPACHickam

CONUS C2 Support Center

AFTRANSScott

SOCOMAFSOFHurlburt

TRANSCOM

USFK/UNC/CFC

CENTCOM

PACOM

EUCOM

SOUTHCOM

AFCENShaw/AUAB

AFSOUTHDM

AFNEAOsan

AFEURRamstein

AFPACHickam


AFTRANSScott

SOCOMAFSOFHurlburt

Air Forces Naval Forces

PACOM

AUSCANNZUKUS

PACOM

EUCOM

NORTHCOM

CFMCCTBD

C2FNorfolk

C7FJapan

C6FNaples

C3FSan Diego

NIOSC MOCNNWCNorfolk

PACOM

AUSCANNZUKUS

PACOM

EUCOM

NORTHCOM

CFMCCTBD

C2FNorfolk

C7FJapan

C6FNaples

C3FSan Diego


Globally Netted

TRANSCOM

USFK/UNC/CFC

CENTCOM

PACOM

EUCOM

SOUTHCOM

AFCENShaw/AUAB

AFSOUTHDM

AFNEAOsan

AFEURRamstein

AFPACHickam


AFTRANSScott

SOCOMAFSOFHurlburt

TRANSCOM

USFK/UNC/CFC

CENTCOM

PACOM

EUCOM

SOUTHCOM

AFCENShaw/AUAB

AFSOUTHDM

AFNEAOsan

AFEURRamstein

AFPACHickam


AFTRANSScott

SOCOMAFSOFHurlburt

Air Forces Naval Forces

PACOM

AUSCANNZUKUS

PACOM

EUCOM

NORTHCOM

CFMCCTBD

C2FNorfolk

C7FJapan

C6FNaples

C3FSan Diego


PACOM

AUSCANNZUKUS

PACOM

EUCOM

NORTHCOM

CFMCCTBD

C2FNorfolk

C7FJapan

C6FNaples

C3FSan Diego


Network USN & Coalition MOCs to USAF Linked AOCsto perform integrated operations

within and across theaters and regions

20


QUESTIONSQUESTIONS??

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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEFuture areas Future areas

of study & experiment …of study & experiment …• Balance of responsibilities at different echelons?

(NCC MHQ, Numbered Fleet MHQ, CTFs, ESFs, etc)• Distributed staff concepts (e.g. MARCOLE series)• Scalability and augmentation plans (e.g. JTFEX)• What degree of MOC process & procedure

commonality is necessary across theaters?• How do you know that you know enough? (maritime

awareness, allocation of resources, ops assessment)• Building human relationships of trust across the

“global network”• Process variations across the range of military

operations (Humanitarian assistance, Small-scale contingency, and MCO contexts)

Strategic Level

Operational Level

Levels of CommandLevels of Command

Tactical Level

MHQs

Naval forces Other assigned or attached forces

ADCON COCOM

# Fleet CDR

NCC

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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEMHQ WITH MOC: SIMULTANEOUS ROLESMHQ WITH MOC: SIMULTANEOUS ROLES

JFC

CROSS-COALITION

CROSS-SERVICE

SUBORDINATE NAVAL FORCES

JOA Focus

SERVICESERVICECOMPONENTCOMPONENT

NCC

CNO

JOINT TRAINING

COALITION TRAINING


Theater Focus

MHQ

DAYDAY--TOTO--DAYDAYSERVICESERVICEFUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS

ADCON

ADCON & OPCON

JFC

JOINT/ COALITION

INTER-AGENCY


Theater Focus

MHQ

DAYDAY--TOTO--DAYDAYTHEATER THEATER OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

OPCON

OPCON

Inter-Agency

POL MIL

SUBORDINATE COMPONENTS& JTFs

JFC

JTF JOA Focus

SUBORDINATESUBORDINATEJTFJTF

CROSS-COALITION

SUBORDINATE NAVAL & JOINT FORCES

JFMCC

JOA Focus

FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALCOMPONENTCOMPONENT

CROSS-COMPONENT

JFCFleet

ManagementOperations

(MOC)

Designated Joint CDRs**:- Joint Task Force CDR (JTF CDR)- Functional Component CDR (JFMCC)- Service Component CDR (NCC-JFC)

Navy ServiceFunctions

OperationsFunctions

Navy Operational-Level CDRs*: - Navy Component CDR (NCC-CCDR)- Numbered Fleet CDR (# Fleet CDR)- Principal HQ CDR (Prin. HQ CDR)

MHQ CDR

** when designated by JFC

Shared StaffFunctions

JTF CDRJTF CDR

Fleet & Ops Support

JFMCCJFMCC

NCC-JFC* as assigned in Forces For…

NCC-CCDR

# FleetCDR

Prin. HQCDR

24


v

MHQ CDR

NavyAugment

Joint/CombinedAugment

Normal & RoutineOperations

Major CombatOperations

Increasing scale and complexity of operations

“Normal & Routine Activities”

- Daily Operations asService HQ includingdistributed element

- Activation of Joint Force Operations- Desig. as Navy Component CDR,

JFMCC or JTF CDR

“Activated for Joint Operations”NCC-CCDR

# FleetPrincipal HQ

+ +

JTF CDRJFMCCNCC-JFC

MHQ CDRJTF CDRJFMCCNCC-JFC

NCC-CCDR# Fleet

Principal HQ

Fleet Mgt(Title 10)

MOC(Ops)Support

Fleet Mgt(Title 10)

MOC(Ops)Support

+Navy

Augment

Joint/CombinedAugment

NavyAugment

Requires Defined Augmentation & Fwd Element Plans

Chris Wagner

Chris Wag ner

Present or Potential MOC Forward Elements

Chris Wag ner

MOC Forward Element Deployed Locations

(as needed)

Distributed Staff

Chris Wag ner

Reachback Elements:

NIOSC, ONI, etc.Reachback Elements:

NIOSC, ONI, etc.

Reach

back Distributed

Staff

Distributed, Networked, ScalableDistributed, Networked, Scalable

Documents

UNCLASSIFIED What are MHQs with MOCs?requirements for manning, training, and equipping future maritime forces • 2005 Navy Afloat Targeting Integrated Process Team (NAT IPT) workshop