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United Nations Human Settlements Programme Regional Office for Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT 2008 – 2009 SRI LANKA

UN-Habitat Country Programme Document 2008-2009 - Sri Lanka

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The Programme in Sri Lanka is based on a rich portfolio of recent and ongoing projects in the human settlements sector. Through interaction with Sri Lanka’s development partners and increasingly also humanitatian agencies, the HCPD has been prepared, including the human settlements agenda as incorporated in the UNDAF. While for some of the proposed activities funds have been identified, there are activities in the pipeline, which still require funding.

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United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT2008 – 2009

SRI LANKA

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific �

Excerpts from this publication may be reproduced without authorisation, on condition that the source is indicated.

© United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), �008.

Photo credits: UN-HABITAT or as indicated.

HS Number: HS/1113/09E ISBN Number(Series): 978-9�-1-13�030-5 ISBN Number:(Volume) 978-9�-1-13�079-4

United Nations Human Settlements Programme publications can be obtained from UN-HABITAT Regional and Information Offices or directly from:

P.O. Box 30030, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya

Fax: + (�54 �0) 76� 4�66/7

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: http://www.UN-HABITAT.orgPrinting: UNON, Publishing Services Section, Nairobi, ISO 14001:�004-certified

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 3

SRI L

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TAbLe of coNTeNTS

execuTIve DIRecToR 4

MINISTeR 5

SITuATIoN ANALySIS 6

National urban policy context 6

focus area 1: Advocacy, monitoring and partnerships 6

focus area 2: Participatory urban planning, management and governance 8

focus area 3: Pro-poor land and housing 9

focus area 4: Environmentally sound basic urban infrastructure and services 11

ReceNT AND oNgoINg woRK 12

uN-HAbITAT 12

Partners 13

STRATegy 14

National development goals and priorities 14

Identified sector priorities 15 uN-HAbITAT’s proposed strategy for the sector 16

urban sector capacity development needs 16

IMPLeMeNTATIoN ARRANgeMeNTS 17

Key principles 17

Information 17

PRogRAMMe fRAMewoRK 18

Results/resources by thematic component 18

Required budget 24

bIbLIogRAPHy 26

AcRoNyMS 27

execuTIve SuMMARy 28

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 4

ExECUTivE DiRECTOR In April �007, the Govern-ing Council of UN-HABITAT approved our �008-�013 Medium-Term Strategic and Institutional Plan. This plan intends to promote the alignment of UN-HABITAT normative and operational activities at country level.

The UN-HABITAT Country Pro-gramme Documents (HCPD) are tangible components of this Plan as well as a genuine endeavour of UN-HABITAT to better coordinate normative and opera-tional activities in a consultative and inclusive process involving UN-HABITAT’s in-country focal points, UN-HABITAT Programme Managers, national governments, UN country teams, sister-UN agencies, development partners and all divisions of our Agency. The UN-HABI-TAT Country Programme Documents are strategic tools meant as a guide for all UN-HABITAT activities over a two-year period. A major dimension of the UN-HABI-TAT Country Programme Document is to advocate UN-HABITAT’s mandate and address the urban chal-lenges facing the world’s developing countries.

The UN-HABITAT Country Programme Documents identify national urban development goals and priori-ties including shelter, urban governance, access to basic services and credit. Important cross-cutting issues such as the environment, gender, responses to disas-ters, and vulnerability reduction are also addressed. The UN-HABITAT Country Programme Documents focus on UN-HABITAT country programming. They

serve as a work plan for UN-HABITAT Programme Man-agers and a reference tool for national and local actors involved in sustainable urban development. Accord-ing to the Medium-Term Strategic and Institutional Action Plan adopted by the UN-HABITAT Committee of Permanent Representatives on 6 December �007, twenty UN-HABITAT Country Programme Docu-ments were completed during �008, including the One-UN Pilot countries where UN-HABITAT is active.

In line with the United Nations reform process, UN-HABITAT Country Programme Documents seek to strengthen the role of the United Nations and to demonstrate our commitment. I wish to thank our UN-HABITAT Programme Managers for their input and dedication and for putting together these documents under guidance of the Regional and Technical Cooperation Division and with support from all branches and programmes of the Agency.

Anna K. Tibaijuka

Executive Director, UN-HABITATs

foRewoRDS

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 5

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MiNiSTERUN-HABITAT has a long his-tory of cooperation in Sri Lanka in human settlements development, particularly in the field of housing and urban development. During an association spanning over two decades, UN-HABITAT has assisted Sri Lanka in the planning and implementation of many of its key develop-

ment programmes. UN-HABITAT’s invaluable role in the aftermath of the December �004 Tsunami, covered a wide range of activities from advocacy to policy advice, coordination and building partner-ships, and last but not least the implementation of housing recovery and reconstruction projects. The people’s process approach used by UN-HABITAT has ensured that the capacity of all communities assisted is built to guarantee long term sustainability.

In March �007, the Governing Council of UN-HABI-TAT approved the �008-�013 Medium-Term Strategic and Institutional Plan which intends in particular to promote the alignment of UN-HABITAT’s normative and operational activities at country level. The UN-HABITAT Country Programme Document (HCPD) for Sri Lanka which is an attempt to translate this Plan into tangible outputs in the country will guide all UN-HABI-TAT activities for the next two years. It has prioritised intervention in the areas of Poverty, IDPs, Governance, Gender, Water and Sanitation, taking into considera-tion the most pressing priority needs of the country.

The HCPD will serve as the work plan for UN-HABI-TAT, which is a strong platform to better coordinate normative and operational activities in a consulta-tive and inclusive process involving UN-HABITAT’s in-country focal points, the Government, sister UN-agencies, development partners and all other stakeholders. The Government of Sri Lanka has worked collaboratively with UN-HABITAT in many of its initiatives, and will continue to do so in its endeavor to accomplish the programmes outlined in the HCPD.

Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena Minister, Ministry of Urban Development

and Sacred Area Development Government of Sri Lanka

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 6

NATiONAL URBAN POLiCY CONTExTSri Lanka at present has a multitude of government ministries responsible for the human settlements and urban sector activities. Interventions relating to policy and programmes take place within this grouping of Ministries. The Ministry of Housing and Common Amenities, the key ministry in the sector, engages mainly in rural housing and other sector related housing activities in partnership with the responsible ministries such as the Ministry of Plantations and Min-istry of Fisheries. The Ministry of Urban Development and Sacred Areas Development works with the urban housing sector, in association with the Ministry of Local Government. Tsunami Resettlement and conflict damaged housing development are under the Ministry of Nation Building and Ministry of Resettlement.

UN-Habitat’s involvement with its main coun-terpart, Ministry of Housing will continue with the development of the National Housing Policy

Framework, world habitat day programmes and the facilitation of the participation of that Min-istry in the Governing Council activities.

The Government’s Ten Year Horizon Development Framework �006-�016 for the urban development sector over the next ten years formulated by the Ministry of Urban Development will lay down the policy framework for this sector aimed at sustain-able urban development and minimizing grow-ing urban poverty. A continuing dialogue will be maintained with the Ministries of Urban Develop-ment and Local Government on the ten year Urban Development Framework, Slum Upgrading Facility programmes and Urban Governance Support.

focuS AReA 1: ADvOCACY, MONiTORiNG AND PARTNERSHiPS

vULNERABiLiTY REDUCTiON

Sri Lanka’s accomplishments in the area of social policy surpass most developing countries. Sri Lanka has made stellar progress on the millennium develop-ment goals: the country has already attained universal primary education and completion and has achieved gender parity at primary and secondary education levels. Sri Lanka’s child and infant mortality rates are unusually low relative to other developing countries, and also compare favorably with some middle income countries. While challenges remain—particularly in improving the quality of education services, tackling persistent child malnutrition, and addressing regional disparities in social outcomes —Sri Lanka’s accomplish-ments are remarkable for a developing country, par-ticularly one that has endured a �0 year civil conflict (World Bank �005). At the same time, consumption income poverty persists and the poor continue to face basic welfare challenges such as malnutrition.

Sri Lanka’s performance on poverty reduction has been more modest. Almost a quarter of Sri Lankan popula-tion is poor, with poverty concentrated in rural areas. Despite average annual economic growth of 4.5 per-cent in the last decade, the decline in poverty has been modest, dampened by growing inequality. If inequality had not increased, poverty reduction would have been more than 5 fold higher. That said, given its much higher level of income, poverty rates in Sri Lanka are still much lower than for most South Asian countries (World Bank �005) and while inequality is much higher than most countries in the region, it is far lower than for many Latin American countries (World Bank �006).

SITuATIoN ANALySIS

STATiSTiCAL OvERviEw

Urbanisation (2008)Total population: 19 mUrban population: 2.9 m (15 %)

Annual growth rates (2005-2010)National: 0.4 %Urban: 0.4 %

Major cities (2008)Colombo: 656 000Sri jayewardenepura kotto: 120 000

Source: UN DESA

Slum indicatorsSlum to urban population: 14 %

% urban population with access to:Improved water: 91 % Piped water: 95 %Improved sanitation: 95 %Sufficient living area: 86 %Durable housing: N/A %

Source: UN-HABITAT, 2001

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COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 7

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A number of interrelated constraints prevent access by the poor to opportunities in more dynamic sectors of the economy. In poor rural areas and the estates eco-nomic and geographic constraints include inadequate connectivity to markets and growth centers, lack of electricity and transport facilities (infrastructure) and poor quality schools (public services). In poor urban areas constraints include inadequate access to clean water, electricity, sanitation and quality of housing. Population in the estates, North and East, and the tsu-nami-affected coastal areas are more likely to fall into the poverty trap cycle due to historical disadvantages or recent events like civil conflict or natural disasters.

Aside from poverty (low income), Sri Lankans also face considerable vulnerability to income shocks. The poor, with few assets and limited access to markets, are often the hardest hit, but income shocks can also drive many non-poor into poverty. Results from a recent survey, consistent with results from other South Asian countries, show that the major individual risks faced by Sri Lankan households are sickness, disability and death of a family member and unemployment, and the main community-wide (aggregate) shocks include drought, crop failure, and other natural disasters (the most recent and disastrous being the tsunami). More-over, SriLanka has one of the most rapidly aging popu-lations in South Asia. Over the next �5 years, the share of the population over 60 will double from about 10 to �0 percent and this demographic trend will have an aggregate impact on the economy, potentially

changing patterns of labor force participation and the composition of health care, and imposing a strain on traditional and formal income support systems.

In addition societies in the war-affected areas are characterized by ‘distressed livelihoods’ or ‘livelihoods at risk’: They face multiple vulnerabilities caused by unfavorable state policies, environmental hazards, market-related risks and conflict-related uncertain-ties which enhance the threshold of vulnerability. Households thus have to adapt to gradual deteriorat-ing economic trends and to cope with sudden political shocks in the form of violence. In many instances, transitory poverty caused by disruptions of the war (displacement) has declined into chronic poverty.

CAPACiTY DEvELOPMENT

As a consequence of the over two decade old civil conflict in the country, the Government is currently faced with a huge Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) situation. Coping with numbers in excess of 300,000 families displaced both internally and those who have taken refuge outside the country, poses a major challenge to the Government. UN-Habitat is in the UN CHAP appeal for intervention in early recovery through shelter/housing for the returning IDP. With the current emphasis of UN-Habitat on interventions in early recovery (seamless transition from emergency to recovery and reconstruction) in post disaster and

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 8

conflict situations, its role perhaps in partnership with UNHCR and other UN Agencies will be expanding.

Need for capacity building for these new challenges and networking with the Ministries of Nation Building, Resettlement and Disaster Management will be high in the priority list for the Agency in the coming years.

focuS AReA 2: PARTiCiPATORY URBAN PLANNiNG, MANAGEMENT AND GOvERNANCE

URBAN PLANNiG MANAGEMENT

Sri Lanka’s Urban Growth rate is currently 3% per year and by �015 majority of the country’s popula-tion will be living in cities. Sri Lankan cities face significant challenges to cope with urban poverty, slum upgrading and improved access to urban basic services especially to the urban poor. Urban settlements of all sizes are experiencing environ-mental stress related to water and sanitation, storm water drainage and solid waste disposal.

Simultaneously the services sector in Sri Lanka is rapidly growing and increasing its share in the national economy in line with global trends. The urban sector plays a key role in this and facilitates this process through the support it gives by way

of infrastructure for the operations. There is also an unbalanced urban growth in the country with the western province being the most developed.

The Government’s Ten Year Horizon Develop-ment Framework �006-�016 will be steer-ing the urban development sector over the next ten years. This framework recognizes the need to ensure sustainable urban development and minimize growing urban poverty. The interven-tion will be under three thematic areas of:

1. Urban infrastructure development �. Urban environment and resource management and 3. Urban Governance.

To this end the national urban planning policy includes for the planning and development of Regional Growth centres linking the hinterland and rural areas to a network of growth centres which will diversify the urban development proc-ess to areas outside the western province.

URBAN GOvERNANCE AND iNSTiTUTiONS

The Government of Sri Lanka is actively engaged in finding a peaceful solution to the long standing conflict which has resulted in military intervention in the North and East of the Country. Decentraliza-tion and devolution of power is being pursued as mitigating solutions for the conflict. All party commit-tees of Parliament are discussing possible options.

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 9

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In the implementation of the latter strategy, it is inevitable that the urban local authorities, function-ing under a relevant provincial council, will have more autonomy and responsibility in the local level agenda. The participatory governance system field tested by UN-Habitat in 18 Urban Local Authorities will undoubtedly be in this agenda. The current initiatives by UN-Habitat and UNDP with the Ministries of Urban Development and Local Government to institutional-ize the system through national policy and setting up dedicated units in the two ministries with Technical Assistance from UN-Habitat to facilitate and monitor the implementation in selected Growth Centres, will have a significant impact in this regard. This capac-ity building effort will enable the two Ministries to scale up the programme thereafter nationally.

focuS AReA 3: PRO-POOR LAND AND HOUSiNG

LAND fOR HOUSiNG

Land–Man ratio in Sri Lanka is still not a major problem, although urbanization is bringing in increasing pressure on urban land needed for urban development. The land reform laws and the ceiling on housing property laws enacted in the early seventies have made the Government the major property owner in the country. Subsequent

actions on land alienation and transfer of hous-ing title on vested houses to tenants have eased the security of tenure issues to some degree.

Subject of Land is devolved under the Constitution to the Provincial Councils (Sub-national Governments) for allocation and beneficiary selection. However the final conveyance of the state land tile to a ben-eficiary is still a national government function.

It is also necessary to keep in focus some of the following practices and provisions avail-able in the existing laws of the country.

• Permits to occupy State Lands can be issued by a Divisional Secretary (a designated government official) under Sec. �.� of the State Lands Ordinance (SLO). Land Development Ordinance permits are also issued but are conditional, and lease documents issued are acceptable for any transaction including receipt of Tsunami or other relief assistance. Joint owner-ship is also allowed in lease documents under SLO.

• A Lease issued by a Divisional Secretary can be converted into a Free Grant by The President.

• In respect of Private Lands if deeds or docu-ments to establish ownership are not available even in the Land Registry, then that block of land can be acquired by the District Secretary under Sec. � of the Land Acquisition Act and take over possession under Sec 38.A.of the same Act. This

© Prasanna Hennayake

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 10

step is taken for the limited purpose of facilitat-ing an issue of a legally valid permit equivalent to a Deed. No compensation is payable as the owners will get their own parcels of land if undisputed.

SHELTER AND BASiC SERviCES

Towns and cities in Sri Lanka are rapidly grow-ing today setting the social, political, cultural and environmental trends, both good and bad. Cities are the hubs of much national production and consump-tion - economic and social processes that gener-ate wealth and opportunity. But they also create disease, crime, pollution, poverty and social unrest.

In Colombo, slum dwellers number more than 50 per cent of the population and have inadequate housing, and poor access to water, sanitation, education or health services. It is essential that policy¬makers understand the power of the city as a catalyst for national development. Sustainable urbanization is one of the most pressing challenges facing the Government in the �1st century.

In Sri Lanka the displacement of large number of families and the destruction of basic infrastructure by man made and natural disasters have resulted in a new set of national and local challenges for policy and strategy development in human settlements.

And although UN-Habitat’s beneficiaries are the urban poor, its key audience remains the policy-maker at every level with the power and authority to tackle urban poverty by providing resources, by removing barriers and by ensuring their human and civil rights.

While the issue of secure tenure is but one of a set of components that contribute to a success-ful shelter strategy, it has been consciously identi-fied because it has a catalytic effect; it invariably leads to other processes and issues vital to sus-tainable shelter delivery and upgrading. Count-less examples reveal that when people are given security of tenure, they tend to invest in the improvement of their homes and neighborhoods.

In building the case and political environment for the eventual adoption of a Convention, Habitat will focus on the essential elements of the right to housing, which has a number of components. The most prominent amongst these, and the one which the Campaign will prioritize, is the right not to be evicted without due legal process. Again, it is vital that the Campaign be seen as a vehicle for the United Nations to use its global position to provide support and cover for people facing daily abuse and threats to their human rights. Fighting forced evictions and promoting sustainable shelter poli-cies, are some of the UN Habitat’s programmes.

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 11

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Improved housing policies and programmes are a major component of achieving the goal of adequate shelter for all. The development of efficient, effective and affordable housing delivery systems is an essential element of this objective. It is also important to ensure efficient and equitable systems for management and maintenance of the existing housing stock. Further-more, it is essential that housing delivery, management and maintenance systems cater for the diversity of needs. This implies a focus on owner-occupation as well as on rental housing. Moreover, it is essential that all relevant stakeholders (including co-operatives, non-governmental and community-based organizations) are involved in the housing development process.

The Housing and Development Section work is concentrated around normative, advo-cacy and advisory activities related to:

Formulation and implementation of effective housing policies; Upgrading, maintenance and management of existing housing stock; More efficient and effective delivery of affordable housing; Linkages between shelter and income generation; Rental housing; Co-operative housing; and Special needs of vulnerable and disadvantaged groups.

The estimated housing stock in Sri Lanka based on the last official Census is 4.7 million units. A separate Sri Lanka Central Bank study has estimated the shortfall on housing needs in �001 at around 300,000 units with a projection for this shortfall to increase to 650,000 by �010. The tsunami in �004 destroyed around 65,000 housing units completely, and dam-aged a further 33,000 units requiring repair. Sri Lanka pioneered the application of the people based home owner built housing concept from about the seven-ties. Recent experiences seem to indicate that these concepts are being slowly overshadowed by interests in commercial housing initiatives of urban Sri Lanka.

Ironically however Tsunami reconstruction due to its scale of delivery needs, gave a new impetus to the people based concepts through interventions by UN-Habitat. These concepts were later adopted by many of the development partners who came in to help Sri Lanka in Tsunami recovery. UN-Habitat is presently assisting the Ministry of Housing in the develop-ment of a new national housing policy framework. This is being developed with full consultation of all stakeholders and will have the acceptance and com-mitment from all, for a sustainable housing develop-ment process in the country. This will also give an

••••

opportunity for UN-habitat to reinforce the peo-ples’ process in housing development in Sri Lanka.

There still will be the need to build local authority capacity for providing adequate urban basic services to the underserved settlements for which new pro-grammes will need to be developed by UN-Habitat in partnership with the multi-lateral and bi-lateral donors.

focuS AReA 4: STRENGTHENED HUMAN SETTLEMENTS fiNANCE SYSTEMS

HOUSiNG/ URBAN DEvELOPMENT

Sri Lanka has a long and positive track record of pro poor development programmes, particularly in the housing sector. Many countries have emulated Sri Lankans success, innovation, and the lessons of experience in its slum upgrading initiatives. In spite of these successes, the experience has shown that the direct provision or public sector efforts are not enough to reach the scale needed and the main policy challenge remains the attraction of finance to cater to the needs of the poor. The need for long term sustained effort, both to meet existing shortfalls as well as the demands of new housing stocks is very high. Very conservative estimate to meet existing shortfall alone may be in the region of Rs. �00 billion.

Slum Upgrading Facility (SUF) is a new initiative of UN-HABITAT that seeks to assist in the development of bankable projects and financial instruments to attract domestic capital (including commercial finance) for slum and urban upgrading activities. SUF is working with the Government of Sri Lanka in the development of bankable area development projects and intro-duction of housing finance products for the poor.

The studies and discussions indicate that there is a high potential for attracting commercial capital for housing the poor in Sri Lanka. The Ministry of Urban Development and Water Supply and UN-HABI-TAT believe that it is possible to introduce Housing Finance Products for the poor within the country’s banking system. However, discussions with bank-ing sector indicate the need for credit enhancement support in order to mitigate actual and perceived risks in lending to the poor. Based on discussions with banks and best practices elsewhere, the SUF has designed a national credit enhancement facility. This facility which will be a legal entity would be known as the Lanka Financial Services Facility for unders-erved settlements. This facility is designed to provide technical assistance and cutting-edge (high leverage) guarantees to bank sector for lending to the poor.

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mun

ities

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com

mun

ity

infr

astr

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he

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ity,

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port

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UN

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AT

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bles

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intr

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cts

rece

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urre

ntly

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erw

ay in

Sri

Lank

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y U

N-H

ABI

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and

its p

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ers.

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 13

Org

anis

atio

nM

ain

acti

viti

es

The

Min

istr

y of

Urb

an D

evel

opm

ent

Prep

arin

g st

rate

gies

and

act

ion

plan

s to

impl

emen

t th

e G

over

nmen

t’s

Ten

Year

Hor

izon

Dev

elop

men

t Fr

amew

ork

�006

-�0

16 t

o st

eer

the

urba

n de

velo

pmen

t se

ctor

ove

r th

e ne

xt t

en y

ears

. UN

-Hab

itat

will

be

activ

ely

enga

ged

in t

his

activ

ity

in

the

initi

al y

ears

.

The

Min

istr

y of

Hou

sing

Taki

ng a

ctio

n to

impl

emen

t th

e na

tiona

l hou

sing

pol

icy

thro

ugh

the

inst

itutio

nal p

roce

ss o

f st

akeh

olde

r co

nsul

tatio

ns,

parli

amen

tary

con

sulta

tive

com

mit

tees

, and

cab

inet

app

rova

ls. U

N-H

abita

t w

ill b

e as

sist

ing

in t

his

proc

ess.

Com

mun

ity

Reco

very

and

Rec

onst

ruct

ion

Part

ners

hip

to S

uppo

rt t

he P

eopl

e’s

Proc

ess

of

Rebu

ildin

g

This

is a

pos

t ts

unam

i rec

onst

ruct

ion

proj

ect

fund

ed b

y th

e In

tern

atio

nal F

eder

atio

n of

the

Red

Cro

ss (

IFRC

). U

N-H

abita

t an

d th

e Sr

i Lan

kan

Red

Cro

ss a

re im

plem

entin

g pa

rtne

rs f

or t

his

proj

ect.

In t

his

part

icul

ar p

artn

ersh

ip b

etw

een

the

UN

-H

abita

t an

d Sr

i Lan

ka R

ed C

ross

, UN

-Hab

itat

mai

nly

deal

s w

ith Id

entifi

catio

n of

Ben

efici

ary

Fam

ilies

, Res

olut

ion

of L

and

Issu

es, c

omm

unit

y ac

tion

plan

ning

and

tec

hnic

al a

ssis

tanc

e fo

r ho

usin

g co

nstr

uctio

n w

hile

a s

hare

of

com

mun

ity

mob

ilisa

-tio

n an

d co

nsol

idat

ion

of s

ettle

men

ts f

or s

usta

inab

ility

is t

aken

on

by t

he S

LRC

.

Slum

Upg

radi

ng F

acili

tyIn

thi

s pa

rtic

ular

pro

ject

UN

-HA

BITA

T w

orks

han

d in

han

d w

ith t

he M

inis

try

of U

rban

Dev

elop

men

t, a

nd L

ocal

NG

Os

Jana

-ru

kula

, Wom

en’s

Dev

elop

men

t Ba

nkin

g Fe

dera

tion

and

Wom

en’s

Ban

k to

impr

ove

the

livin

g co

nditi

ons

of s

lum

dw

elle

rs.

Whi

le U

N-H

abita

t pr

ovid

e te

chni

cal a

ssis

tanc

e an

d se

ed c

apita

l ini

tiativ

es t

o he

lp d

evel

op b

anka

ble

proj

ects

tha

t pr

omot

e af

ford

able

hou

sing

for

low

-inco

me

hous

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ds, t

he lo

cal N

GO

s ar

e m

ainl

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volv

ed in

sen

sitiz

atio

n of

the

slu

m d

wel

lers

, in

crea

sing

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ir le

vels

of

awar

enes

s an

d ca

paci

ty t

o sa

ve a

nd a

cces

s co

mm

erci

al h

ousi

ng lo

ans.

PAR

TNER

S

Rebu

ildin

g C

om-

mun

ities

in t

he

Nor

th E

ast

Sri L

anka

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ojec

t

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ighb

ourh

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thr

ough

com

-m

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ovin

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all-

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fras

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ture

at

neig

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anita

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n, d

rain

age,

foo

tpat

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tree

t lig

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thro

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the

invo

lvem

ent

of c

omm

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es in

se

lect

ion,

pla

nnin

g an

d im

plem

enta

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the

infr

astr

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re w

ork.

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mun

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ri La

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ss,`

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nabl

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hom

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art

func

tioni

ng a

s no

rmal

com

mun

ities

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oved

com

mun

ity

infr

astr

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re a

nd

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litie

s, Im

prov

ed s

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ities

, to

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build

the

ir ho

mes

, allo

win

g th

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o re

star

t fu

nctio

ning

as

norm

al c

omm

uniti

es

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oved

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ity

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Pro

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United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 14

STRATegy

NATiONAL DEvELOPMENT GOALS AND PRiORiTiESRecognizing the development potential of cities and to implement it’s commitment to the Habitat Agenda, the Government of Sri Lanka launched a National Program for Sustainable Human Settle-ments in 1999, followed by a number of pro-poor urban capacity development projects. These included the Sustainable Colombo Core Area Project (1999-�001), the Sustainable Sri Lanka Cities Program (�001-�003) and the ongoing Urban Govern-ance Support Project (�004-�006), all supported by the UNDP and implemented by UN-Habitat.

With the objective of meeting the need for long term capacity development and institutional strengthen-ing support to a variety of popular, private and public sector partners at different levels of government, the program introduced, applied, adapted and refined innovative urban environmental management and participatory governance approaches, created firm foundation to broaden urban governance to include pro poor approaches and disseminate the lessons learned to more local authorities in Sri Lanka.

Through the project process there has been a positive impact on city environment planning and man-agement; stakeholder participation has increased; better information for decision making is avail-able; demonstration projects introduced alternate

technologies to address environmental issues and the importance of training has been recognized.

Indicators of success is evident from the increas-ing demand from cities, recognition by the Ministries and being invited to be a part of the team on national issues facing local govern-ance, the demonstration projects being repli-cated and the development of a national Capacity Building Agenda for Local Authorities.

The project has successfully expanded its geographi-cal and substantive coverage as it evolved over the years. Currently, it covers 18 Municipalities and Urban Centers including 4 cities in the North and East.

The project has introduced several best practices which have contributed to strengthen urban govern-ance for the more efficient and effective delivery of pro poor urban services. Some of the best practices include development of City Profiles, City Consulta-tions, and introduction of participatory planning and decision making methodologies, participa-tory budgeting and public-private partnerships.

Support tools such as the customized toolkit in all three languages, training modules based on the needs of the local authorities and the application of Environ-mental Management Information Systems have been developed for city up-scaling and national replication

i. Advocacy for coverage enhancement

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 15

SRI L

AN

KA

ii. Institutionalizing UGSP

The Government invited them to be part of the team in developing the Urban Sector Policy Framework. The project successfully engineered the develop-ment of the National Policy on Local Govern-ment Capacity Building, currently being finalized for Cabinet approval. It was the prime mover of the proposed Cabinet Memorandum to promote Good Governance at the local government level

To ensure sustainability and reap the maximum benefit from past achievements it is both necessary and vital to institutionalize the adopted approach and lessons learned through selected policy and legal reforms to promote and facilitate national up-scal-ing and replication. Institutionalization is necessary at all three levels – national, provincial and city level.

The Sustainable Cities Program envisaged a final phase to institutionalize the experiences and lessons learnt. A project proposal and request for funding for this phase has been submitted to the Director, External Resources (DER) by the Ministry of Urban Develop-ment and Water Supply. The proposal has been recommended by the DER and forwarded to UNDP.

Sri Lanka is one of the 191 signatories to the Mil-lennium Declaration which emerged out of the Millennium Summit of September �000. Sri Lanka has affirmed its commitment to achieve the Millen-nium Development Goals by �015. This commit-ment signifies a commitment to change. Despite the positive achievements of Sri Lanka in social indica-tors, it is unlikely that the Goals will be achieved with a ‘business as usual’ approach. To achieve them the MDGs must be treated not as abstract ambitions but as practical policy objectives that recognize and understand country specific develop-ment challenges and identify local resources that could be harnessed to overcome them. A real chal-lenge in achieving MDGs in Sri Lanka is the persist-ent regional differences in MDG achievement

With the focus on tsunami recovery and reconstruc-tion shifting the thematic areas where UN-Habi-tat will have joint programming interventions are shelter for Internally Displaced People (IDPs), Poverty Reduction, Gender and Governance, in accord-ance with UNDAF. The most prevalent issues in Sri Lanka at the moment are the IDPs who have no access to sustainable shelter. UN-Habitat will work

iDenTiFieD SecTOr PriOriTieS

GOvernance

Institutionalize the lessons learnt and experiences gained with Urban Governance Support Project through programme component number 4, which promotes national up-scaling and replication.

Update National Housing Policy

Formulating urban sector policy framework

WaTer anD SaniTaTiOn

Integration of UN-Habitat Sri Lanka activities into the Water for Asian Cities Programmes

POverTy reDUcTiOn

Improve the living conditions of slum dwellers in Moratuwa, Colombo and Kotte by providing them with the means of obtaining domestic capital for the purpose of slum upgrading.

Ensure sustainability in post tsunami settlements

Relocation and resettlement of IDP’s in Puttalam and Batticaloa

Housing and Community sensitization interventions in the Plantation Sector

GenDer

Create awareness among key stake holders, partners, overnment authorities and public about the importance of Gender equality in security of tenure.

The table presents the main urban sector priorities. They are sorted according to theme.

iDENTifiED SECTOR PRiORiTiES

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 16

hand in hand with Government of Sri Lanka offering implementation support and technical expertise.

UN-HABiTAT PROPOSED STRATEGY fOR THE SECTOR As a fundamental commitment to building consensus, consultation and participatory approaches, UN-habitat will be engaged in the community based strategies in all its interventions. The new national housing policy will be built around this concept and strate-gies to mobilise capital outside government sources for housing development will be pursued. To ensure

continuity and consistency in urban sector policy, a dialogue will be initiated with the Ministry of Urban Development to revive the initiatives for developing an Urban Sector Policy Framework. In partnership with the line ministries of Government, UN-Habitat will be in constant dialogue with donors for resource mobilization. Best practices identified in past and ongoing projects will be documented and translated as operational guidelines for use in future projects. By enabling where possible continuity of employment and performance evaluation for project staff, attempts will be made to build capacity in human resources for future operational activities by UN-Habitat

UrBan SecTOr caPaciTy DeveLOPMenT neeDS

POverTy aLLeviaTiOn

Vocational skills development for enhancing capacity for self employment and income generation of low income urban population in the selected settlements.

Development of capacity of slum communities, plantation workers and IDP to access home improvement loans.

GOvernance

Awareness creation in newly appointed city councils in the intervention areas

Training and institutional strengthening for improved participatory urban governance

Sensitization and Building capacity for slum upgrading interventions and activities in local authorities.

Introducing participatory processes for resource mobilizations in Local Authorities.

Setting up of coordination mechanisms for knowledge management and knowledge sharing.

SheLTer FOr iDP

Training and awareness creation for community-based approaches and participatory development for conflict affected IDP for self reliance and decision-making at the local level.

Strengthening local planning capacities to assist local authorities in the rehabilitation of infrastructure and services, through improved development planning systems incorporating structural and physical plans, participatory processes and enforcement mechanisms.

WaTer SUPPLy anD SaniTaTiOn

Strengthening beneficiary and end-user participation in demand management and pollution abatement in operating local water supply systems.

Strengthening the capacity of local authorities to develop and manage such systems and assisting beneficiaries in their operation and maintenance.

The table presents the four main capacity development needs of the following components: Shelter for iDP, Water supply and sanitation sector, Poverty alleviation and Governance. These are cross-cutting components, and highlight capacity development priorities for all focus areas.

URBAN SECTOR CAPACiTY DEvELOPMENT NEEDS

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 17

SRI L

AN

KA

KEY PRiNCiPLESUn-Habitat in Sri Lanka follows a generic process with regard to management arrangements by the estab-lishment of an institutional network as follows. At the national level all stakeholders and key actors are invited to a Forum constituting a National steering Committee. At this forum which is convened every quarter a policy dialogue, inter ministerial coordina-tion in project implementation and an overall review of progress is undertaken. Participating at this forum would be UN-Habitat’s main government counterpart, other government ministries who have a role in the project, the donors and other key stakeholders. The counterpart Ministry chairs this forum.

Local Authorities in Sri Lanka consists of the Provincial Councils at sub-national level and Municipal Councils, Urban Councils and Pradeshiya Sabbas at local level. All these bodies are elected to office periodically in a multi party election process. The local level bod-ies being the government’s representatives closest to the people have been UN-Habitat’s target in the application of the principles of subsidiarity. Through the Urban Governance Support Project, UN-Habitat in-troduced a community consultation and participatory governance process in the urban local authorities. This process requires the endorsement and active participa-tion of the Local Authorities in UN-Habitat activities at local level. This is ensured by Local Authorities often chairing the local steering committees.

During the tsunami reconstruction activities UN-Habi-tat was active in the coordination of the permanent housing reconstruction undertaken by all development partners. UN-Habitat regularly convened a forum titled the ‘Donor Working Group’ and Housing and Habitat Forum for this purpose. These provided the stakehold-ers a forum for policy dialogue, operational reviews and programme implementation consultations. These activities will be continued and emulated as neces-sary if the proposed intervention by UN-Habitat in the resettlement of conflict affected IDP in Sri Lanka is realized.

As UN-Habitat partners with UNDP in �008 to support the Government in implementing the ambitious ten year Urban Development Framework and the setting up of the Interministerial Commission on Good Local Governance aimed at poverty reduction, sustainable development, localizing MDG interventions, the need for extensive and wider consultation with stakehold-ers will be essential. Setting up a participatory Urban Forum may be a good option for introduction by UN-Habitat in the country.

GENDER

Gender analysis is always carried out in project devel-opment, in policy formulation, planning as well as in operational activities before project implementation and decision making by UN-Habitat in Sri Lanka.

Community Development Councils are the means through which community self-governance and com-munity empowerment are carried out. Great deal of emphasis is placed on gender equity and equality which results in the eventual empowerment of women as they hold positions as office bearers of the CDCs. In addition special emphasis is also placed on liveli-hood activities for women including training in sew-ing, handicrafts, making of coir products etc. A large number of community based organizations and micro finance institutions in Sri Lanka are headed by women and also include a large task force of women who play an integral role in community mobilization and estab-lishment of thrift and savings societies and other micro credit schemes used widely in the SUF project.

UN-Habitat in collaboration with COHRE proposes to promote gender equity in conveyance of title ensuring security of tenure through joint ownership, endeavor-ing in the long run to affect the national level policy. UN-Habitat in preparation of the National Housing Policy framework for the GoSL, strongly promotes the involvement of women in decision making with regard to the housing design and community facilities being the primary user.

iNfORMATiON Due to the number of projects in UN-Habitat’s port-folio, one of the main methods of information shar-ing tends to be through association. The monitoring and reporting to the donors, implementation partners and counterparts involved with UN-Habitat work are the most effective means of sharing information. All of UN-Habitat’s activities with the latest updates are also available online through http://www.unhabitat.lk. During annual events such as the World Habitat Day, exposure is given through mass media for UN-Habitat Programmes.

IMPLeMeNTATIoN ARRANgeMeNTS

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 18

The

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-er

nanc

e, S

EVA

NA

THA

Urb

an R

esou

rce

Cen

tre,

and

ITD

GTr

aini

ng s

uppo

rt f

rom

Th

e Sr

i Lan

ka In

stitu

te o

f D

evel

opm

ent

Adm

inis

trat

ion

(SLI

DA

) and

the

Sri

Lank

a In

stitu

te o

f Lo

cal G

over

nanc

e (S

LILG

)

Estim

ated

fun

ding

req

uire

men

t 1

.53

m

P

hase

Tw

o (1

� m

onth

s):

Impl

emen

tatio

n an

d D

em-

onst

ratio

n of

the

iden

tified

Set

tlem

ents

Upg

radi

ng

Act

ion

Plan

s th

at p

rom

ote

Citi

es w

ithou

t Sl

ums

in

supp

ort

of t

he M

DG

pro

cess

1)

CA

Ps im

plem

ente

d th

roug

h co

mm

u-ni

ty c

ontr

acts

, mea

sure

d by

leng

ths

of

infr

astr

uctu

re b

uilt

�)

Num

ber

of s

enio

r an

d m

id-l

evel

m

unic

ipal

fun

ctio

narie

s tr

aine

d an

d eq

uipp

ed3

) L

eadi

ng p

ract

ices

iden

tified

and

sh

ared

to

rais

e lo

cal g

over

nmen

t co

n-sc

ious

ness

on

“Citi

es w

ithou

t Sl

ums”

an

d in

fluen

ce n

atio

nal p

olic

y

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

3 : P

ost-

disa

ster

Hou

sing

Coo

rdin

atio

n Pr

ojec

t

1) C

oord

inat

ion

prov

ided

at

dist

rict

leve

l to

the

dist

rict

and

divi

sion

al s

ecre

taria

l offi

cers

, par

tner

s an

d im

plem

entin

g ag

enci

es.

�)

Supp

orte

d ac

tiviti

es o

n da

ta c

olle

ctio

n an

d re

port

-in

g, a

naly

sis

of d

ata,

org

aniz

atio

n an

d fa

cilit

atio

n of

m

eetin

gs a

nd p

roac

tive

initi

ativ

es t

o re

solv

e em

erg-

ing

prob

lem

s.

Gov

ernm

ent

min

istr

ies

and

deve

lopm

ent

part

ners

iden

tify

gaps

and

ove

rlaps

and

th

us t

arge

t th

eir

inte

rven

tions

in t

he m

ost

effe

ctiv

e m

anne

r.

Min

istr

y of

Nat

ion

Build

ing,

Don

ors

for

Tsun

ami h

ousi

ng c

onst

ruct

ion

and

UN

ICEF

Proj

ect

Staf

f c

onsi

stin

g of

the

Nat

iona

l Pr

ojec

t M

anag

er, C

TA a

nd D

istr

ict

Hou

s-in

g C

oord

inat

ors.

Pro

ject

rel

ated

ope

ra-

tiona

l Res

ourc

es

Estim

ated

bud

get

59

0 0

00

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific �0

reSU

LTS

/ reS

OU

rceS

By

TheM

aTic

cO

MPO

nen

T

resu

lts

Key

indi

cato

rsKe

y pa

rtne

rsre

ssou

rces

(USD

)

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

4: E

xten

sion

of

Luna

wa

Lake

Pro

ject

1)

Impr

oved

livi

ng c

ondi

tions

of

peop

le in

the

Lun

awa

catc

hmen

t�)

Im

prov

e su

stai

nabl

e m

anag

emen

t of

the

sel

ecte

d en

viro

nmen

t an

d na

tura

l res

ourc

es.

3)

Env

ironm

ent

revi

taliz

atio

n 4

) S

ocia

l cap

ital d

evel

opm

ent

for

cons

olid

atio

n +

O&

M

with

JO

CV

Par

tner

ship

5)

Acc

ess

Road

Impr

ovem

ents

in t

he c

atch

men

ts a

rea

unco

vere

d by

the

ong

oing

con

trac

t.

1)

Rese

ttle

men

t of

the

dis

plac

ed f

amili

es

from

thi

s in

fras

truc

ture

dev

elop

men

t pr

ojec

t�)

U

rban

Ser

vice

Cen

tres

,

C

omm

unit

y C

entr

es t

o

faci

litat

e N

eigh

bour

hood

For

ums

an

d h

ost

com

mun

ity,

par

ks /

op

en s

pace

s3

) P

rovi

sion

of

Envi

ronm

enta

l Ser

vice

s :C

omm

unit

y/Sc

hool

Bas

ed W

ater

Q

ualit

y M

onito

ring

/ Sur

veill

ance

Pr

ogra

mm

e4

) O

pera

tiona

l Chi

ldre

n Pr

ogra

mm

e, V

ul-

nera

ble

Gro

ups

/ Sch

ools

Pro

gram

me

Min

istr

y of

Urb

an d

evel

opm

ent,

Sri

Lank

a La

nd R

ecla

mat

ion

and

Dev

elop

men

t C

oop

-er

atio

n, J

BIC

,

Nat

iona

l Con

sulta

nt, C

ount

erpa

rt P

roje

ct

Team

fro

m G

over

nmen

t, P

roje

ct r

elat

ed

oper

atio

nal R

esou

rces

.

Estim

ated

bud

get

�0

0 0

00

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

5 : C

omm

unit

y-ba

sed

Sani

tatio

n Pr

ojec

t in

Kan

dy

1)

Dev

elop

ed a

nd t

este

d co

mm

unit

y ba

sed

tech

ni-

cal s

olut

ions

for

bet

ter

sani

tatio

n fa

cilit

ies

suita

ble

for

envi

ronm

enta

lly d

egra

ded,

und

erse

rved

urb

an

sett

lem

ents

and

alte

rativ

e m

odel

s re

fined

tha

t ca

n be

rep

licat

ed;

�)

Dem

onst

rate

d th

e ef

fect

iven

ess

of p

artic

ipat

ory

appr

oach

es t

o lo

w-c

ost

sew

erag

e, a

nd t

he u

tilit

y an

d ex

pedi

ency

of

the

appr

oach

in p

rovi

ding

sew

er-

age

serv

ices

to

unde

rser

ved

sett

lem

ents

.

1) T

wo

unde

rser

ved

sett

lem

ents

pro

vide

d w

ith s

usta

inab

le, s

afe,

cos

t ef

fect

ive

and

tech

nica

lly a

ppro

pria

te w

aste

wa-

ter

disp

osal

sch

emes

in p

artn

ersh

ip

with

the

ben

efici

ary

com

mun

ities

;�)

A

suc

cess

fully

dem

onst

rate

d, a

nd

natio

nally

rep

licab

le m

odel

whi

ch

coul

d al

so b

e in

corp

orat

ed in

to t

he

proj

ect

desi

gn o

f th

e K

andy

Was

tew

a-te

r D

ispo

sal P

roje

ct

Kan

dy M

unic

ipal

ity,

GEF

-UN

DP,

Nat

iona

l W

ater

Sup

ply

and

Dra

inag

e Bo

ard

Cite

s A

llian

ce, J

BIC

Staf

f co

nsis

ting

of P

roje

ct M

anag

e an

d su

ppor

t st

aff.

Fund

ing

to e

ngag

e a

Tech

-ni

cal N

GO

for

pro

ject

impl

emen

tatio

n

Estim

ated

Bud

get

360

00

0

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

6: C

onso

lidat

ion

in T

suna

mi-

affe

cted

Set

tlem

ents

1)

Pro

ject

-ass

iste

d se

ttle

men

ts a

re s

elf-

sust

aina

ble;

�)

Com

mun

ity

livel

ihoo

ds r

esto

ratio

n;

3)

Sel

f G

over

nanc

e w

ithin

com

mun

ity;

4)

Lin

kage

s w

ith E

xter

nal S

uppo

rt A

genc

ies.

1)

CD

Cs

(Com

mun

ity

Dev

elop

men

t C

ounc

ils) a

re a

ble

to m

anag

e th

eir

fund

s an

d ac

tiviti

es.

�)

Envi

ronm

ent

is m

anag

ed w

ell b

y co

m-

mun

ities

and

rel

evan

t ag

enci

es.

3)

Liv

elih

ood

aven

ues

are

sust

aina

ble.

Com

mun

ity

Dev

elop

men

t C

ounc

ils o

f th

e se

ttle

men

ts, S

ri La

nka

Red

Cro

ss,

Prov

inci

al C

ounc

il of

Nor

th E

ast,

Pro

vinc

ial

depa

rtm

ent

of L

ocal

Gov

ernm

ent,

Min

is-

try

of N

atio

n Bu

ildin

g an

d D

evel

opm

ent,

M

inis

try

of H

ousi

ng, M

inis

try

of U

rban

D

evel

opm

ent

and

Wat

er S

uppl

y

Proj

ect

Man

ager

and

sup

port

sta

ffTe

chni

cal i

nput

s fr

om J

POPr

ojec

t op

erat

ions

sup

port

Estim

ated

Bud

get

167

00

0

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 �1

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

7: G

alle

Fis

h M

arke

t Re

cons

truc

tion

1)

Adv

isor

y se

rvic

es p

rovi

ded

and

appr

opria

te

tech

nolo

gy t

o en

hanc

e th

e te

chni

cal c

apac

ity

of

com

mun

ities

and

loca

l aut

horit

ies;

�)

Recr

eate

d liv

elih

oods

for

loca

l fish

erm

en a

nd

seaf

ood

trad

ers;

3

) C

reat

ed li

velih

oods

in r

esta

uran

t m

anag

emen

t an

d os

pita

lity

indu

stry

; 4

) B

uilt

loca

l cap

aciti

es in

new

con

stru

ctio

n te

chno

lo-

gies

.

1)

New

fish

mar

ket

and

adjo

inin

g re

s-ta

uran

t.

�)

Empl

oym

ent

and

trai

ning

of

loca

l w

ork

forc

e;3

) Im

prov

ed h

ealth

and

san

itary

si

tuat

ion;

4)

Sup

port

to

the

fishi

ng in

dust

ry a

nd

loca

l fish

ing

com

mun

ities

.5)

C

reat

ion

of a

fac

ility

for

loca

l tou

rism

in

dust

ry

Gal

le M

unic

ipal

Cou

ncil

Gal

le D

istr

ict

Fish

erie

s C

oope

rativ

e So

ciet

y,

Urb

an D

evel

opm

ent

Aut

horit

y

Proj

ect

Man

ager

and

Con

stru

ctio

n M

an-

ager

. Fun

ds t

o en

gage

con

sulta

nts

and

cont

ract

ors.

Estim

ated

Bud

get

50

0 0

00

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

8 : R

ebui

ldin

g C

omm

unit

y In

fras

truc

ture

and

She

lter:

The

Tsu

nam

i Por

tfol

io o

f 5

proj

ects

fun

ded

by n

umer

ous

Don

ors

1)

Brid

ged

the

prev

ailin

g ga

ps in

ong

oing

ass

ista

nce

by r

each

ing

out

and

assi

stin

g af

fect

ed c

omm

uni-

ties

and

bene

ficia

ries,

in p

artic

ular

the

wom

en a

nd

child

ren

�) C

omm

uniti

es e

nabl

ed t

o re

build

the

ir ho

mes

, allo

win

g th

em t

o re

star

t fu

nctio

ning

as

norm

al c

omm

uniti

es;

3)

Cre

ated

em

ploy

men

t as

a w

ay o

f co

ntrib

utin

g to

the

re

cove

ry o

f th

e lo

cal e

cono

my;

4

) P

rom

oted

peo

ple’

s en

gage

men

t in

the

rec

onst

ruc-

tion,

reb

uild

ing

shat

tere

d co

mm

uniti

es a

nd im

part

-in

g se

lf-re

lianc

e.5)

Im

prov

emen

t of

infr

astr

uctu

re in

the

rec

onst

ruct

ed

area

s.6

) F

acili

tate

d ac

cess

to

reco

nstr

uctio

n gr

ants

for

fa

mili

es w

ho h

ave

not

yet

rece

ived

the

Gov

ernm

ent

gran

t du

e to

land

ten

ure.

7)

Ass

iste

d fa

mili

es t

o ga

in a

cces

s to

ban

king

1 I

mpr

oved

soc

ial a

spec

ts in

the

com

-m

unit

y �)

Pr

ovid

ing

livel

ihoo

ds s

uppo

rt f

or

hous

ehol

ds3

) N

ew o

r re

cons

truc

ted

hous

ing

for

fam

ilies

.4

) B

enefi

ciar

ies

assi

sted

to

impr

ove

com

-m

unit

y in

fras

truc

ture

suc

h as

acc

ess

road

s, p

athw

ays

and

drai

nage

and

ac

cess

wat

er a

nd s

anita

tion;

5)

Bene

ficia

ries

bene

fit f

rom

impr

oved

co

mm

unit

y am

eniti

es s

uch

as c

om-

mun

ity

build

ings

, nur

serie

s, c

hild

ren’

s pl

aygr

ound

s et

c;

Min

istr

y of

Urb

an D

evel

opm

ent,

Dis

tric

t A

dmin

istr

atio

n of

Am

para

NPA

/SO

LID

AR

Part

ners

hip

Mun

icip

alit

y of

Bat

tical

oaD

istr

ict

and

Div

isio

nal S

ecre

tarie

s of

Kal

-m

unai

, Div

isio

ns, t

he L

ocal

Aut

horit

ies

of

the

targ

et s

ettle

men

t ar

eas,

the

com

mun

ity

base

d or

gani

satio

ns a

nd t

he O

VER

SEA

S IN

GO

.M

inis

try

of F

ishe

ries,

Pro

vinc

ial C

oun-

cils

and

loca

l aut

horit

ies

in t

he r

elev

ant

dist

ricts

, Dis

tric

t A

dmin

istr

atio

n, N

atio

nal

Hou

sing

Dev

elop

men

t A

utho

rity,

and

com

-m

unit

y ba

sed

orga

niza

tion

Min

istr

y of

Nat

ion

Build

ing

Sri L

anka

Red

Cro

ss,

IFRC

Proj

ect

Man

ager

and

sup

port

sta

ff.

Nat

iona

l Tec

hnic

al A

dvis

or. P

roje

ct o

pera

-tio

ns f

acili

ties.

Cou

nter

part

sta

ff f

rom

MC

Ba

ttic

aloa

.

Estim

ated

Bud

get

8.36

m

reSU

LTS

/ reS

OU

rceS

By

TheM

aTic

cO

MPO

nen

T

resu

lts

Key

indi

cato

rsKe

y pa

rtne

rsre

ssou

rces

(USD

)

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific ��

reSU

LTS

/ reS

OU

rceS

By

TheM

aTic

cO

MPO

nen

T

resu

lts

Key

indi

cato

rsKe

y pa

rtne

rsre

ssou

rces

(USD

)

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

9 : R

eset

tlem

ent

of ID

P’s

in P

utta

lam

, Bat

tical

oa, T

rinco

mal

ee, M

anna

r

1)

Peop

le e

nabl

ed t

o de

velo

p th

eir

soci

al c

apita

l th

roug

h th

e or

gani

zatio

n of

rep

rese

ntat

ive

bodi

es

with

the

cap

acit

y to

tak

e de

cisi

ons

rega

rdin

g th

eir

own

rebu

ildin

g;

�)

Targ

et c

omm

uniti

es e

nabl

ed t

o pl

an a

nd r

ebui

ld

esse

ntia

l bas

ic f

acili

ties

incl

udin

g ho

usin

g ac

cord

ing

to t

heir

prio

ritie

s;

3)

Em

ploy

men

t cr

eate

d th

roug

hout

the

con

stru

ctio

n pr

oces

s an

d th

us c

ontr

ibut

e to

the

loca

l eco

nom

y;

4)

Fam

ilies

link

ed t

o se

rvic

es s

uch

as h

ealth

, hyg

iene

an

d ed

ucat

ion.

5)

Prov

ide

basi

c co

mm

unit

y in

fras

truc

ture

i.e.

dra

inag

e,

culv

erts

, foo

tpat

hs, s

mal

l sca

le s

ewer

s, c

omm

unit

y ha

ll;

1)

Prov

ide

over

�0,

00

0 co

nflic

t di

spla

ced

fam

ilies

with

a d

urab

le, i

ncre

men

tal

shel

ter.

�)

To e

nsur

e co

nsis

tent

sta

ndar

ds a

re

appl

ied;

to

supp

ort

initi

ativ

es a

imed

at

crea

ting

equi

tabl

e re

spon

ses;

3

) T

o pr

ovid

e m

icro

-eco

nom

ic a

nd

livel

ihoo

d su

ppor

t an

d to

link

with

ot

her

orga

nisa

tions

to

ensu

re t

hat

heal

th a

nd h

ygie

ne p

rogr

amm

es r

each

th

ese

affe

cted

com

mun

ities

.

Min

istr

y of

Res

ettle

men

t an

d D

isas

ter

Relie

f, U

NH

CR,

Loc

al N

GO

s, D

istr

ict

Adm

in-

istr

atio

n. U

NH

CR,

Min

istr

y of

Res

ettle

men

t an

d D

isas

ter

Relie

f Se

rvic

es. M

inis

try

of

Rese

ttle

men

t an

d D

isas

ter

Relie

f Se

rvic

es(P

roje

ct in

CH

AP)

Proj

ect

Man

ager

and

sup

port

sta

ff.

Poss

ible

UN

V v

olun

teer

s. P

roje

ct o

pera

-tio

ns f

acili

ties.

Estim

ated

Bud

get

11

m

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

10 :

Upd

atin

g N

atio

nal H

ousi

ng P

olic

y

Nat

iona

l Hou

sing

Pol

icy

adop

ted

by G

over

nmen

tG

over

nmen

t H

ousi

ng p

rogr

amm

es d

evel

-op

ed w

ithin

the

pol

icy

fram

ewor

kM

inis

try

of H

ousi

ng a

nd C

omm

on A

men

i-tie

s, p

rivat

e ho

usin

g de

velo

pers

, com

mer

-ci

al b

anki

ng s

ecto

r

Serv

ices

of

Con

sulta

nt In

put

from

N

atio

nal P

roje

ct M

anag

er a

nd C

TA

Estim

ated

Bud

get

5 0

00

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

11: D

ecen

tral

izat

ion,

Loc

al G

over

nanc

e an

d U

rban

/Rur

al D

evel

opm

ent

1)

Ince

ptio

n Pr

ogra

mm

e im

plem

enta

tion

plan

s an

d de

taile

d an

nual

wor

k pl

an�)

G

uida

nce

and

polic

y In

stru

men

ts d

evel

oped

3)

Cit

y ob

serv

atio

n an

d m

onito

ring

repo

rts

and

reco

m

men

datio

ns4

) S

ensi

tisat

ion

Wor

ksho

p o

n pa

rtic

ipat

ory

gove

r-na

nce

and

loca

lly e

lect

ed le

ader

ship

5)

Con

solid

ated

Sri

Lank

an G

uida

nce

man

uals

Phas

e A

: Sta

rt-u

p an

d Pr

ogra

mm

e pl

an-

ning

Phas

e B

: Ide

ntifi

catio

n of

Par

ticip

ator

y G

over

nanc

e re

late

d Po

licy

Inst

rum

ents

Phas

e C

: Gro

wth

Cen

ter

leve

l: O

bser

va-

tion,

Mon

itorin

g an

d Su

ppor

tPh

ase

D: S

ensi

tisat

ion

(Goo

d G

over

nanc

e an

d Lo

cal l

eade

rshi

p)Ph

ase

E: In

stitu

tiona

lisin

g Tr

aini

ng

Min

istr

y of

Urb

an D

evel

opm

ent

Min

istr

y of

Pro

vinc

ial C

ounc

ils a

nd L

ocal

G

over

nmen

t, r

espe

ctiv

e Pr

ovin

cial

Cou

ncils

an

d Lo

cal A

utho

ritie

s, S

ri La

nka

Inst

itute

of

Loca

l Gov

erna

nce

Gov

ernm

ent

coun

terp

art

staf

f. N

atio

nal T

echn

ical

Adv

isor

.

Estim

ated

Bud

get

�90

00

0

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

12 :

Cam

paig

n fo

r G

ende

r Eq

ualit

y in

Sec

urit

y of

Ten

ure

Aw

aren

ess

crea

tion,

Gui

delin

es s

ecur

ing

spac

e in

N

atio

nal H

ousi

ng P

olic

yPr

actic

ing

join

t ow

ners

hip

title

reg

istr

atio

nC

OH

RE, M

inis

try

of H

ousi

ngN

atio

nal C

onsu

ltant

Estim

ated

Bud

get

170

00

0

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 �3

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

13: I

nter

vent

ion

in P

lant

atio

n H

ousi

ng

1)

Con

stru

cted

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0 co

re-h

ouse

s at

a c

ost

limite

d to

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SD 1

,�0

0

�)

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ired

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qua

lity

of 4

00

part

ly

dam

aged

hou

ses

at a

n av

erag

e re

pair

cost

of

USD

30

0;

3)

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port

ed t

he g

over

nmen

t of

Sri

Lank

a in

m

onito

ring

and

coo

rdin

atio

n of

the

ear

ly r

ecov

ery

effo

rt;

4)

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vide

live

lihoo

d su

ppor

t to

the

aff

ecte

d

com

mun

ities

.

100

0 ho

uses

con

stru

cted

or

repa

ired

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h fo

r w

ork

supp

ort

and

cons

truc

tion

skill

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elop

men

t to

ben

efici

arie

s th

roug

h co

mm

unit

y pa

rtic

ipat

ion

in c

onst

ruct

ion

Min

istr

y of

Pla

ntat

ion

Hou

sing

Proj

ect

Man

ager

and

Sup

port

Sta

ff.

Proj

ect

oper

atio

ns f

acili

ties

Estim

ated

Bud

get

1.5

m

Pro

gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

14 :

Wat

er a

nd S

anita

tion

To b

e de

term

ined

To b

e de

term

ined

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e de

term

ined

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e de

term

ined

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gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

15 :

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lihoo

ds S

uppo

rt P

roje

ct

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e de

term

ined

To b

e de

term

ined

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e de

term

ined

To b

e de

term

ined

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gra

mm

e co

mp

on

ent

16: E

ffici

ent

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agem

ent

of E

nviro

nmen

tal R

esou

rces

and

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rgy

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e de

term

ined

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e de

term

ined

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e de

term

ined

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e de

term

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reSU

LTS

/ reS

OU

rceS

By

TheM

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nen

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resu

lts

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rtne

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ssou

rces

(USD

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United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific �4

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The

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ount

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ocum

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bud

get

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sum

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prog

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budg

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he t

hem

atic

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atic

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ster

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00

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pres

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amm

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Co

Fund

ing.

§ R

epre

sent

s la

rger

pro

gram

mes

spa

nnin

g ov

er �

yea

rs.

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific �6

The Government’s Ten Year Horizon Development Framework �006-�016

UNDAF/CCA documents for Sri Lanka

Lessons in Capacity Development: Sectoral Studies in Sri Lanka Operations Evaluation Department, Special Evaluation Study, April �006

Assessment of Needs in the Conflict Affected Areas,Districts of Jaffna, Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu, Mannar, Vavuniya, Trincomalee, Batticaloa and Ampara, May �003 prepared with the support of Asian Development Bank, United Nations and World Bank.

Poverty, Ethnicity and Conflict in Sri Lanka, Benedikt Korf, Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, and Kalinga Tudor Silva, Department of Sociology, University of Peradenyia, Peradenyia, Sri Lanka, February �8, �003

Sri Lanka Country Study, Prepared by: Foundation for International Training, for: Asian Development Bank

Sri Lanka: Strengthening Social Protection, World Bank, April �006

bIbLIogRAPHy

COUNTRY PROGRAMME DOCUMENT �008 – �009 �7

SRI L

AN

KA

AcRoNyMS

HCPD UN-Habitat Country Programme Document

UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework

CBOs Community Based Organisations

CCA Country Common Assessment

GOSL Government of Sri Lanka

HPM UN-HABITAT Programme Manager

MDG Millennium Development Goal

NGOs Non Government Organisations

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

WACP Water for Asian Cities Programme

SUF Slum Upgrading Facility

IDP Internally Displaced Persons

CHAP Common Humanitarian Action Plan

UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees

SLO State Land Ordinance

UGSP Urban Governance Support Project

DER Director External Resources

IFRC International Federation of Red Cross

SIDA Swedish International Development Corporation Agency

DFID Department for International Development

USAID United States Agency for International Devlopment

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation

BASF Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik (German chemical products company)

NPA Norwegian People’s Aid

HSTF Human Security Trust Fund

CDC Community Development Councils

COHRE Center On Housing Rights and Evictions

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific �8

Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific ACROS Fukuoka Building, 8th Floor 1-1-1 Tenjin, Chuo-ku Fukuoka 810-0001 Japan

Web: www.fukuoka.unhabitat.org www.unhabitat.lk E-mail : [email protected] Tel : (81-9�)7�4-71�1/�3 Fax : (81-9�)7�4-71�4

Habitat Programme Manager in Sri Lanka: Mr. Laxman Perera ([email protected])

This UN-Habitat Country Programme Document (HCPD) sets out UN-Habitat’s activities in Sri Lanka for the period �008 and �009 that will be coordinated and facilitated by the Habitat Programme Manager’s Office in Colombo. The relevance and justification for the Programme is establised, by reference to the UN- Habitat’s global development agenda and the Sri Lanka Governments initiatives in respect of each thematic area. The CPD also sets out the strategies being adopted and the activities that are proposed, to translate the strategies into action and contains the perceived outputs and the measurement indicators which help to guide and track its implementation.

The Programme in Sri Lanka is based on a rich port-folio of recent and ongoing projects in the human settlements sector. Through interaction with Sri Lanka’s development partners and increasingly also humanitatian agencies, the HCPD has been prepared, including the human settlements agenda as incorpo-rated in the UNDAF. While for some of the proposed activities funds have been identified, there are activi-ties in the pipeline, which still require funding.

execuTIve SuMMARy

© UNITED NATIONS