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vocabular engleza an2
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LP 1+2 SEM I
Alopecia=baldnessCandida( of the oral cavity)=thrush - aftaDyspepsia=indigestion=upset stomachHemorrhoids=pilesHerpes zoster=shingles – zona zosterEdema=swellingRubella=german measles - pojarelUrticaria= heat spots= nettle rash= hivesArteriosclerosis=hardening of the arteriesStenosis=narrowingCerebral palsy=(to be) spastic=spastic paralysisEructation=belching - ragaialaHalitosis=bad breath - halenaInfectious mononucleosis=glandular fever=kissing diseasePoliomyelitis=polioRubeola= morbilli=measles – pojar → morbillus - pustulaVaricella=chickenpox – varsat de vantBursitis=housemaid’s kneeCerebral infarction/bleeding=stroke = CVAFlatulence=windHerpes simplex=cold soreMyocardial infarction=heart attackCardiac arrest= cardiac stopFailure = insuficientaPyrosis=heartburn – arsuri gastriceTendonitis=tennis elbowVerrucae=warts - negiChiropodist=podiatrist=foot doctorPhysiotherapist=physical therapistEar-nose-throat specialist (ENT)=orelist=otolaryngologistBed-ridden=confined to bed=immobilized to bedBedspread=bedcover-cuverturaTo gain weight=to put on weight ≠ to lose weightSight=vision → vision problems=eye problemsEdge=limit=margin=borderTo feint=to mislead- a fentaLumber=wood – cherestea, lemn
Lumbar puncture=lumbar tapSwab=padMyositis- inflammation of the musclesMyalgia – muscle painDisease=affliction=sickness=illness – to be afflicted withCough = tussisWhooping cough=pertussisInfectious=catchy=communicable=communicative=transmissible=contagiousPlain language= to use layman terms- termini nespecializatiResult = outcomeDiagnosis (subst) – diagnostic (adj) – to diagnose (vb)=to make a diagnosisMumps=infectious parotitis – oreionSmallpox=variolaSequelae= the long-term results of an illness or treatmentDifferential diagnosis= identifying several illnesses which the patient may haveSymptoms= what the patient complains ofSigns=what the doctor seesExamination= study of the patient’s bodyEtiology=causePrevention=prophylaxisMedical history = patient’s medical background, problmes, behavior and lifestylePorter-persoana ce sta la intrarea unei institutiiOrderly-brancardierSpeech therapist-logopedTo dispense-eliberarea medicamentelor fara retetaTo fill the prescription-eliberarea medicamentelor cu retetaOccupational medicine-medicina muncii; occupational specialist-specialist in medicina munciiOccupational hazard-risc professionalCrutch-carjaDrip stand-perfuzorMonkey pole-helps the pacient to get up from bedHoist-scripeteBedpan=ploscaA general practitioner refers his patient to a specialist- letter of referralThe Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery=FMAMSwab – tampon pentru stergerea sangeluiSlob – natarau, natang / grasan, durduliuTo tick – a bifa (vb) ; capusa (subst)
Cuff- mansonair-borne particleto be on call – de gardaon call schedulecannula – branulaprobe- sondapit-groapato soar-a crestesore – a durea (vb)
- sore throat = gat inflamat (adj)- leziune, rana (subst)
Trolley-pat mobil de regula in interiorul spitalului=gurney(targa mobile pliabila de obicei pe ambulanta) si in plus stretcher- fara rotito be on duty≠to be off dutynormal≠abnormal
Disorders of the Respiratory Tract
To extand=to enlargeExpansion=widening=dilatationdilatation≠narrowing, constrictionallergist NOT allergologistneuropathy-disorders of the nervous systemepidemic=outbreakpandemic-the whole population is affectedbronch(o)-the combinatory form for bronchusappearance=ocurrancefever=pyrexiaweakness=fatigue=tiredness=debility-stare de slabiciuneto weaken=to debilitateresult=outcomehemo-/hemato-= the combinatory form from bloodsputum=phlegm=expectorationsaliva=spithist(o) – the combinatory form for tissueto inflame=to swell → inflammation=swellingwheezing – respiratie suieratabluish discoloration = cyanosis
to block=to obstruct → blockage=obstructionbronchitis – bronsitabronchiectasis – bronsiectazie layer=stratumfor fluids we use to accumulatepus – puroi → pyo- : to discharge puss-a supuraempyema = acumulare de puroi intr-o cavitate a organismuluihydro- = combinatory form for fluidssteadily=constantlysquamous-it resembles scalecroup – pneumonie crupoasabarking cough – tuse ragusitachills = rigorsmyalgia=muscle painemphysemapolyps=adenoidsbronchoscope-it examines the tracheobronchial passagewayhypoxemia- insufficient oxygen in the blood ≠hyperxemiawheeze – whistling sound caused by narrowing of the respiratory passagewayantitussive – drug which relieves coughsudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) = crib deathacidosis asthma - characterized by dyspnea and wheezing croup – characterized by barking cough, difficlut breathing and laryngeal spasmnasal septumbronchospasmepistaxis=nosebleedhilum=depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter = hilussinus – cavity or channelhypoventilation≠hyperventilationpneumothoraxpleurisy=pleuritis=inflammation of the pleuratuberculosisdyspnea=air hunger=difficult breathingpneumonia=pneumonitisinfluenza = the fluasphyxia=suffocationrhinoplasty=plastic repair of the nose
adenotome=instrument for removing adenoidsrhinorrhea=nasal discharge≠nasal congestion or nasal stuffinessseptum=partitionaspiration=accidental inhalation of foreign materialanoxic=lacking oxygenatelectasis=incomplete exapansion of lung tissuebrochostenosis=constriction of a bronchusaphonia=lack of voicerale=abnormal chest soundbronchogenic=originating in a bronchusapnea=absence of breathingglottis=opening between the vocal vordsalveolus=air sac=air pocketupright positionhypocapnic=deficiency of carbon dioxide≠hypercapnic
The Hospital
To hospitalizeTo admit a patient to a hospital≠to discharge a patient from a hospital → admission of the patient≠discharge of the patientStaff=personnelHospitalization=patient stayProvision=supplyShrine-altar, sanctuaryThe patient undergoes surgeryThe doctor performs/does surgery=the doctor operates on a patientAnesthetist – anesthesiologist – the specialist - the nurse – nurse anesthetistDeity-zeitateSurgery – operation - specialty
- ca sala de operatieOperating room (O.R.) = operating theatreWidespread≠localised (a tumor for example) or ≠restricted, isolatedSimilar=alikeObsolete meaningDorm =hostel - camin
Endowment – provizii, dotariLeporcy – lepraTo have a medical insurance= to be medically insured=to be covered by medical insuranceUnit – sectieOngoing=continuousPartition-paravanWard-salonIndividual room=private room – rezervaTo run=to operate a hospitalInpatient=hospitalized patient ≠ outpatient= ambulatory patientMedical facility – centru/oficiu medicalTo be set up=to be foundedEmergency department (ED)=emergency roomCasualty – victimTo sustain casualties – a suferi daune/pierderiAppointment = callPrior=previousBed sore=pressure sore=hospital gangrene=pressure gangrene or pressure ulcer=nosocomial gangrene=decubitus ulcer/gangrene – escaraTo assay=to test=to examineFirst degree burnAttending doctor- medic currantPrivate practice=medical office- cabinet medicalEye doctor=ophthalmologistComa patient=comatose patient → to be in a coma/ to be in a state of comaCarcinoma → onco - → oncologist, oncologyOBGYN = obstetrician + gynecologistHeart attack = myocardial infarction; cardio- for the heartCondition=disease; statea- → lack of sth, absence of sthintensive care unit – ICUspecialist – medic specialistsenior specialist=senior physician – medic primarmedical facility – unitate medicaladentist – deals with caries=cavities; plomba- tooth feeling; to fill a cavity- a plombastomatologist – deals with diseases of the oarl cavitythrush = candida- aftaThe Faculty of Dentistry
Dermatologist=skin doctorPhysical therapist = physiotherapistDispensary – partea din fata a farmacieiMedical record – fisa medicalaNosocomial infection = hospital-acquired infection – infectie nozocomiala/intraspitaliceascaHospital administrator – director de spitalTo administrate a hospital and to administer a drugHospital admission – internare; admittance- intrareMedical/hospital care – ingriire medicalaObservations chart=medical chart- foaie de observatieChildren’s hospital- spital de copiiHospital/hospitalization costsDental hospitalHospital doctor/physician/practitionerHospital equipmentGeneral hospital – spital generalHemodialysis unit- unitate de dializaHospital laundry – lenjerie de spitalHospital management- conducerea spitaluluiMaternity hospitalMental/psychiatric hospitalHospital mortality →mortality rateMilitary hospitalHospital nurse and hospital orderlyMedical personnel=medical staffState/public/government hospital – spital de stat ≠ private/proprietary hospitalHospital records – arhiva spitaluluiHospital setting – mediu medicalMedical/hospital stay – perioada de internareTeaching hospital – spital clinicUniversity hospital – spital universitarStagiu – hospital trainingHospital wastesHospital workerTo deal with = to handleSocial skills=people skills=bedside mannersSkilled – calificat, instruit; skillful- talentat ≠ skillessSelf-indulgent – delasator, comod
Required subject ≠elective subjectUndergraduate education/training – studii de licenta → undergraduate studentPostgraduate education – studii de doctoratCurriculum – plan de invatamantSyllabus – programa analiticaLicentiate diplomaTo be licensed to – a fi acreditat saTo rotate – in cadrul rezidentiatuluiMalpracticeDisorders of bones and joints
Bone = os (ossa – pl) → adj:osseous, bony, osteal → forme combinatorii : osteo-, ossi- → ossical =os mic : auditory ossicals
Joint=articulationMuscle → muscular-adj
→ myo- → myocitis, muscle tone, atony(lack of muscle tone)
Orthopedist=orthopedic surgeon → orthopedicsOrthodontistLASER – light amplification by stimulation of emission of radiationEx-raysInfection → infectious≠noninfectiousInflammation → inflammatory ≠noninflammatory/ anti-inflammatory (medicament antiinflamator): NSAID= nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugTuberculous spondylitis= Pott’s diseaseSimple/closed fracture ≠ open/compound fracture when the bone punctures/pearces the skinSplit – atelaSplinter-aschieOsteoporosis → brittle bonesBone mass – masa osoasaProneness – predispozitieTo bear – a suporta (bore, born)Intake – aportDisuse, overuse, misuseCast – ghipsRickets – rahitismOsteogenic sarcoma=osteosarcoma
Amputation → amputeeArthritis → arthritidis la plDegenerative joint disease (DJD)=osteoarthritisWear-and-tearStenosis → stenoticLoose (liber, desfacut,dezlegat) bowel movement= diarrheaAnalgezic=painkillerTo assuage, to mitigate, to soothe, to palliate, to alleviate to ease, to relieve painSystemic=generalOvergrowth – excrescentaGout – gutaGoiter – gusaAnkylosis=immobility and fixation of a jointHernia → herniation →to herniate; concealed hernia-hernie ascunsa; herniated disk=ruptured/slipped diskNucleus pulposus=central portion of an intervertebral diskTo rupture – a perforaCervix=neck → cervicalSciatic nerve (sciatica)Discectomy – removal of the diskSpinal tap=spinal puncture=rachiocentesisBackbone=vertebral column=spinal column=spine=rachis→rachidesMyopathyAssay – prelevare de proba/testPolymyositis – polimiozitaDysphagiaLE=lupus erythematosusAlkaline phosphatase – enzyme needed in the formation of the boneankylosing spondylitis=rheumatoid spondylitischondrosarcoma = a malignant tumor of cartilageosteomalacia osteomyelitis – inflammation of bone and bone marrowPaget’s disease=osteitis deformansMeniscectomy=removal of knee cartilageLordosis=curvature of the lumbar spineScoliosis = sideways curvature of the spineLaminectomy = removal of part of a vertebraSubluxation=partial dislocation
Spondylolisthesis=displacement of a vertebraMalleolus=bone projection at the ankleOsteoclast= cells that destroys the boneExostosis=outgrowth of boneOsteopenia=deficiency of bone tissueMetacarpals=bones of the handPatella=kneecapPubis=anterior bone of the pelvisZygomatic=facial boneOccipital=posterior skull boneTarsals=bones of the ankleCarpals=bones of the wristPhalanges=bones of the fingers and toesAponeurosis=flat, sheetlike tendonAtaxia=lake of muscle coordinationTorticollis=wryneckTetany=muscle spasm due to a metabolic imbalanceAvulsion=forcible tearing away of a partMyokinesis=muscle movementMyotenositis=inflammation of muscle and tendonDystonia=faulty muscle toneRhabdomyoma = muscle tumorRectus abdominis=muscle that runs vertically at the center of the trunkGluteus maximus=main muscle of the buttocks (breech=buttock)Deltoid,triceps branchii, pectoralis major, gastrocmenius, semitendinosus
The doctor and the law
Certificate- adeverintaCriminal offence – delict penalCoroner- ofiter de politie judiciaraCorpse=cadaver=death bodyCremated – incineratDrug poisoning, food poisoningForensic physician- medic legistForensic/legal medicine- medicina legalaAutopsy=post-mortem examinationCot- patut
To be consistent with – a se potrivi cuTo examine=to see a patientTo consult a physicianSkin=integument → integumentary, cutaneousA check-up – controlFoster parents – parinti adoptivi; foster childrenTo foster- a se ingriji de copiii altora; fosterageCompensation claim- cerere de compensatieSeek-soughtTidal volume – volum respirator currentObsolete=out-dated=old-fashionedSeldom=rarelyLitigation – cearta, conflictTo get over/ to recover from a illnessTo recur=to relapse- a recidivaPacient on the specific unitTap=puncture- punctieA fit of cough → fit=episode=seizure=attackHead trauma=head injuryBrain concussion – comotie cerebralaTorment – chin, suferintaFright – spaimaTo bulid up- a se acumuaAnaphylactic shockAutologous blood= sage de la pacientul insusiCannula- branulaProbe- sondaTo suppress=to inhibitTo nurse= to look after patients
Recapitulare
Air hunger=dyspnea=difficulty in breathingBaldness=alopeciaDyspepsia=indigestion=upset stomachHemorrhoids=piles
Urticaria= heat spots=hives=nettle rashBad breath=halitosisGlandular fever=infectious mononucleosis=kissing diseaseWarts=verrucaeHeartburn=pyrosisFlatulence=windEructation=belching=burpingTrolley=gurneyPost-mortem=autopsyProbability=likelihoodPodiatrist=foot doctor=chiropodistOrthopedist=orthopedic surgeonCardiologist=heart specialistTo rupture=to burst=to herniateStroke=cerebral vascular accident (CVA)Fever=pyrexia → feverish=febriale=pyrexialCough=tussisPertussis=whooping coughPrescription=medication orderChickenpox=varicellaSmallpox=variollaCold=coryzaHay fever=allergic rhinitisMumps=infectious parotitisMeasles=rubeollaChills=rigorsContagious= transmissible=communicable=communicative=catchyBed-side manner=social skills=people’s skillsFamily doctor=general practitioner=family physicianInternship=hands-on hospital trainingIntern=physician in trainingResident=specialist in trainingResidency=specialty trainingFellow=subspecialistFellowship=subspecialtyacute≠chronicsevere≠mildlikely ≠ unlikely
infectious ≠ non=infectiouslateral ≠ contralateralindication ≠ contraindicationvomitive ≠ antivomitiveto weaken = to debilitate ≠ to strengthenocclusion ≠malocclusion nutrition ≠ malnutritionregularity ≠ irregularityto improve ≠ to worsen, to deterioratehealthy ≠ unhealthy, sick, illwidespread ≠ localizednormal ≠ abnormalperipheral ≠ centralOTC ≠ prescription drugsPyrexial ≠ apyrexialInteresting ≠ dull, boring, uninterestingInpatinet ≠ outpatientAdmit in ≠ discharge fromStamina = enduranceENT specialist = oto-laryngologist Track=traceTo pass ≠ to failTo supervise= to monitor= to overseeDry cough ≠ productive coughPhlegm = sputumIching = pruritusAllergy=hypersensitivityAllergic = hypersensitiveKidney stone = renal calculusDepressant ≠ antidepressantArticulation ≠ disarticulationMalignant = cancerous ≠ benign Deficiency = lackTo flex ≠ to extend → flexor ≠ extensorDysphagia ≠ difficulty in swallowing Inflammatory ≠ anti- / noninflammatory
Physicians and medical specialties
Allergology = allergy and imunology
Allergist =imunologist
Podiatrist= foot doctor=chiropodist
Chiropractor= deals with neuromuscular skeletal disorders such as spinal problems and sporting injuries (chiro -> hand)
Dentist -> dentistry – deals with tooth decay (caries)
Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry !
Malocclusion = improper bite
Stomatologist – deal with diseases of oral cavity, membranes and tissues, not teeth (thrush=afta)
Endocrinologist -> endocrinology and Metabolism
Forensic medicine = Legal medicine ->forensic specialist (doctor)
Perpetrator – faptas
Maxilla = maxillary = upper jaw
Microorganism = germ = pathogen = microbe
Subspecialty = fellowship
Radiology = nuclear medicine
Osteopathy = osteopathic medicine -> manipulation of bones and muscles
Pediatrics -> diseases and total health care of newborns, infants, children and adolescents
Infant – sugar
Toddler – copil pana la 1 an
Childhood diseases
Pharmacologist -> deals with drugs action
Pharmacist-> ensures the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs
Pulmonology = pulmonary medicine
Cause = etiology
Lung = pulmon
Physical medicine = physiotherapy
CT = computed tomography
MRI = Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Algia = dynia
Surgical specialties – non- surgical specialties
Viscus pl. viscera
Stomach = gaster
Neurosurgery = neurological surgery
ENT (Ear-Nose-and-Throat) specialty = Otorhinolaryngology
!!! EMT = Emergency Medical Technician = Paramedic
Orthopedics = orthopedic surgery
Perinatology = Maternal-fetal medicine ->subspecialty of obstetrics
Neonatology -> subspecialty of pediatrics
Relieve pain = alleviate = soothe = palliate = mitigate = calm down = ease= dull
Exhaustion = fatigue
To comfort a patient ...
Bedside manners = social skills = people skills
Layman terms
Skilled = calificat , instruit
Skillful = talentat, inzestrat
Self-indulgent = delasator, comod
To complete = a termina fara diploma
To graduate= a termina un stadiu educational cu diploma
Required subject = materie obligatorie vs Elective subject = materie optionala
Undergraduate education = studii de licenta ->undergraduate student => BA = Bachelor of Arts (Bachelors`s Degree)
To be licensed to practice...
Post-graduate education = doctorat -> PhD = Philosophy Doctor
Curriculum = plan de invatamant
Syllabus = programa analitica
Intern = stagiar -> internship = hands-on hospital training
To rotate = a face stagii
Resident = specialist in training
Residency = specialty-training
Internist -> internal medicine
General specialist – a physician who treats all medical problems rather than specializing. Many GP`s have completed a residency in family practice.
Benign – malignant
Congenital = present at birth
Rounds = doctors` visits to hospitalized patients
Medical students = externs
Externs ---> Interns ---> Residents
Rely on ->reliance on sb
Task = chore = duty
Paramedical personnel = allied health personnel
Registered nurses = asistente calificate (cu facultate)
Licensed practical nurses = asistente cu post-liceala
Attend a patient... Attend on a pacient`s needs
Vocational = occupational school = postliceala
Nursing home = sanatoriu
To be trained on the job = a fi instruit la locul de munca
Dialysis -> hemodialysis machine
Ren =kidney pl. renes
Cleanse = purify
Contrast medium (media) = substanta de contrast
Sew- sewed –sewn = a coase
Sue = a da in judecata
CVA = cerebral infarction = stroke= cerebrovascular accident
Overcome = get over
Disabled patient = immobilized patient = invalid patient
Respirator mask = gas mask = masca de oxigen
Paramedics (EMT) vs. paramedical personnel (nurses, nurses` aids, orderly – brancardier, radiologic technicians ) !!!
To deliver / perform / administer CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) to a patient = to resuscitate
Cardiac arrest = cardiac failure = myocardial infarction
Naprapathy -> naprapath – deals with the manipulation of joints, muscles and ligaments – disorders of the connective tissue.
Stiff = rigid neck
Osteitis = inflammation of the bone
Arthrititis = inflammation of an articulation
Spin – spun – spun = a centrifuga
Syncope = faint = loss of consciousness
To amputate = to sever
Difficulty with speaking= impaired speech
Difficulty with seeing = impaired vision
Coughing blood = hemoptysis (expectoration of blood-streaked sputum)
Fever = pyrexia -> pyretic = feverish ; febrile
TB= Tuberculosis
Mucoviscidosis = cystic fibrosis
Catarrh = guturai
Sore =rana, inflamatie
=necajit, mahnit, iritat
Sore throat Bed-sore=pressure sore= escara cold sore= herpes eye sore = urcior
Slight =mild
Cerebral palsy=A disorder usually caused by brain damage occurring at or before birth and marked by muscular impairment. Oftenaccompanied by poor coordination, it sometimes involves speech and learning difficulties.
AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Gastroenteritis= inflammation of the membrane lining the stomach and the intestines
Speak in a whisper= a vorbi in soapta
Disease and treatments
Ailment = durere usoara
Visual – loss
-impairement
Dreaded = feared
Epidemic = outbreak
Pandemic=an epidemic of unusually large proportions, affecting most of the inhabitants of a certain area at the same time
Relapse = recurrence = recidiva
The course of the disease is...
Succumb to an illness = a muri dintr-o boala
Hypersusceptibility
Unhealthy = insalubru
Affliction = suffering
Heart throb ->rhythmic throbbing =pulsation= beating --> to measure/ check/ fill the pulse
Atherosclerosis = hardening of the arteries
Shortness of breath = air hunger = dyspnea
Eupnea = normal breathing
To nauseate = a ii fi greata -> nausea=greata
Aneurism=a disease of the artery wall that causes a localized dilatation of the artery and a pulsating tumor.
Overexertion = suprasolicitare, surmenaj
Tablet= pill
Transplant : donor vs. recipient
Flap = lambou (bucată de carne sau de piele care se conservă la amputații pentru a acoperi scheletul și părțile osoase sau pentru a fi grefată în altă parte a corpului)
To bring the pressure down to within normal limitis
Osseus= bony= osteal
Breast cf. – mamo -> mamography
-masto -> mastectomy
Uterus = matrix = womb -> cf. - hystero
Discharge =drainage = scurgere
Hoarseness = raguseala
Infectious = communicative = communicable = transmissible = catchy
Stiffness = rigidity
Cancellous = spongious = spongy = porous
Brittle -> brittleness
Eye drops = eye instillation
To swell = to inflame -> inflammation
To tangle = a se incurca
Rash = eruption = eructation
Urticaria = hives = nettle rash
Hay fever = rhinitis
Smallpox = variola
Chicken pox = varicella – varsat de vant
Measles = rubeolla
!!! German Measles = rubella
Pruritus = itching
Mumps = infectious parotitis = oreion
Above the weather = a fi indraznet
Loose = large
Hemorrhoids = piles
Sprained ankle = luxatie de glezna
Muscle strain = intindere musculara
Ragweed = rugina (planta)
Rust = rugina
Calf = gamba
Calf bone = fibula
Shin bone = tibia
Cardiac arrest = cardiac stop
Glandular fever = infectious mononucleosis = kissing disease
Rigors = chills -> to shiver with cold
Acquired immunity vs . Innate = natural immunity
To catch = pick up a disease
Endogenous vs. exogenous
Cancer – unrestrained growth of abnormal cells.
Carcinoma – originates from the surface cells of he skin or the linings of the internal organs
Sarcoma – attacks the muscles, bones, tendons, cartilage, fat, blood vessels, lymph system or connective tissue
Leukemia – afflicts the blood-forming cells
Angina pectoris = pain in the mid-chest that sometimes radiates to the shoulder, left arm, jaw or abdomen
Atrophy = a wasting away due to lack of nutrition or use
To atrophy = waste away
Cessation = stop
Infarction = the death of tissue in an organ following the cessation of blood supply.
Thrombus = (blood) clot
Paralysis = temporary or permanent loss of function, especially sensation or voluntary motion
Paralytic stroke = sudden onset of paralysis caused by an injury to the brain or spinal cord
Heart failure - the heart cannot maintain adequate circulation of the blood
Fatal = lethal = deadly = resulting in death
(Percutaneous Transluminal) Angioplasty (PTA) = a technique for expanding a narrowed artery by inserting a balloon catheter (flexible tube)
Dormant=inactive=latent vs. active
Veneral disease = sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
Diarrhea = loose bowel movements
Dementia = the inability to distinguish between reality and fantasy
Disease = illness , sickness, affliction,
To feel sick = to be nauseous
Syndrome = sum of symptoms
Malady= disorder
Ailment =stare de rau, indispozitie
Cause= etiology
Serious = major
Drip =perfuzie
Drip stand = perfuzor
Tentative diagnosis = diagnostic prezumtiv
Indigestion = dyspepsia = upset stomach
Phlegm=thick mucus = spit = saliva
Sweat = perspiration
To ascertain = to determine, to establish
Minute= tiny
Unaided eye= naked eye
Breakdown = decomposition
Iatrogenic (indus de medic) vs. idiopathic (de cauze necunoscute)
Booster = rapel
Shot = injection
Painkiller = analgesic
OTC Over-the-counter drug= non-prescription drug vs. prescription drug
Clotting= coagulation
Stuffy nose = congested nosed
Gargle = a face gargara -> gargling=gargara
Lozenges = pastile de supt
Pep pills = stimulants
Pep talk = cuvinte de incurajare
Pep = vlaga
Attending physician = medic curant
Habit-forming = addictive
To cure a disease To heal a wound
Puncture test = prick test
NSAID = Non-steroidal Anti (/Non) - inflammatory Drugs
Vomiting= emesis
Severe bleeding = hemorrhaging
Weaken = debilitate
Anemia = insufficiency of red blood cells
Surgery and Surgeon
to subspecialize = a se supraspecializa
subspecialty
( nonsurgical ) medical specialties vs surgical specialties
hands-on hospital training = internship subspecialty = fellowship residency = specialty training
intern = stagiar
internist = doctor ( med. interna )
stomach = gaster ( c.f. gastro ; adj. gastric )
enteron = intestine , gut , bowel.
GI tract = gastrointestinal tract
Geriatric / Senior’s Hospital
spleen -> splenic
splenetic ( alt sens : easily irritating person )
lienal
kidey = ren ( pl. renes )
allergist = alergolog
immunologist
preoperative care intraoperative care postoperative care
neo-natologist
branch of medicine = field = domain = area
talented = skillful
= perioperative care ( in jurul operatiei )
to mesh = a se potrivi
stuffiness = congestion
vision / eye / sight problems
blood tests -> to run tests to find etiology / cause
physical stamina = resistance = endurance
to do / perform surgery
hereditary = genetic ; inherited
clinicians = those who interact with pacients
O.R. = operating theatre
attack = episode = fit = seizure = paroxysm
CVA = stroke
plaster cast = gips
strabismus = squint = crossed eyes
incus – pl: incudes = anvil = nicovala
malleus – mallei = hammer = ciocan
stapes – stapedes/ stapes = scarita
to overlap = a se suprapune
diagnosis – adj. diagnostic
observation chart = hospital chart medical history medical record = fisa medicala
cavity = dental caries = tooth decay
side effect = secondary effect
adverse( unwanted ) drug reactions
picaturi de urechi = ear drops ; otic instillation
primary care physician -> the pacient consults him first
specialist physician
attending physician = medic currant
to attend ( for doctors )/ to nurse ( nurses ) a pacient
board-certified = acreditat
subspecialist = fellow
to refer to -> letter of referral
-dynia =-algia -> pain (eg : cephalodynia , gastrodynia )
to have a health insurance = to be covered by medical insurance = to be medically insured
appendix -> adj. appendicular
hectic = chaotic
to make rounds = a face vizite
to take turns = a face cu randul
shift = tura ( day or night shift )
-rraphy = surgical suture, repair by means of surgery
emergency room = E.R.
comprehensive health = total / overall
anesthesiologist to anesthetize anesthesia
deity = zeitate
surgery = 1) operatie ; 2) chirurgie; 3) sala de operatie
operating room / theatre
widespread – isolated ; localized
similar = alike
obsolete = no longer in general use, outdated
hostel = dormus = camin
endowment = provizii , dotari
leper ( a person who has leprosy ) -> leprosy = lepra
medical insurance -> medically insured
ICU = Intensive Care Unit
on-going = continuous
ward = salon
partition = paravan
individual/private room = rezerva
unit = sectie
to presume = to assume
clotting = coagulation
to run/ operate a hospital or university
hospitalized = in-patient
ambulatory = out-pacient
facility = centru / unitate medicala
set up = to found
emergency department / room = E.D./E.R.
casualty = victim
to sustain casualties = a suferi pierderi
prior = previous
appointment = call
bed -> escara = bed sore / pressure sore / decubitus ulcer / decubital , hospital or nosocomial gangrene / pressure gangrene
to charge someone = a percepe o taxa
salary = incasat pe 1 luna wages = avans + lichidare
bioassay
to assay = to test = to examine
first degree burn
geriatrics -> geriatrician
MD = medical doctor
to attend a pacient
phrase = sintagma
cabinet medical = private practice / medical office
to fill a prescription ( pharmacy )
coma -> adj. comatose ( the pacient is in a coma )
obstetrician-gynecologist ophthalmologist otolaryngologist = ENT specialist pediatrician
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
hysterectomy = surgical removal of the uterus ( bcs of benign/malignant tumor ). mastectomy = excision of a breast rhinoplasty = plastic surgery of the nose
sterile = germ-free
larynx = voice box
trachea = windpipe
-ectomy = the removal of sth
catheter = tube for evacuating or injecting fluids dressing = bandage
forceps = instrument for holding, grabbing or extracting retractors = instruments for holding back the margins of a wound scalpel = surgical knife , surgeon’s knife gurney = targa mobile hook = retractor pt vene sutures = the result after sewing up the incision weighing scales = cantar syringe stethoscope gag = calus sling = suport pt fixarea bratului rupt( 2) = prastie ) stretcher = targa ( stretcher bearer = orderly ) thermometer tourniquet = garou curette = instrument pt chiuretaj ( = curettage ) splint = atela drain = tub de dren ( drainage = drenaj )
adj : broad -> to broaden
deceased = decedat vs diseased = bolnav
stomatologist -> disorders of the oral cavity
dentist -> deals with caries
solely = doar, numai.
minimally invasive surgery = key-hole surgery
to oversee = to monitor , to control.
to support = to sustain
nodule = lymph node
lump = nodul
lumpectomy hysterectomy orchiectomy / orchidectomy = castration colonostomy mammoplasty
colecystectomy cardiomyopathy ( -pathy indicates disorder )
hindparts = parti posterioare
- fetus – pl: fetuses- infants – pana la un an
to mould = a mula
mould = 1) mulaj ; 2) mucegai
aneurysms
neuropathy
congenital defect = congenital fault
subspecialty = fellowship
subspecialist = fellow
assessment = evaluation
mastopexy = breast-lift surgery ( -pexy = fixare )
suppression = inhibition
maxilla / maxillary = maxilar
to coin a word = to invent a word
amenable to = raspunzator de / care poate fi abordat prin
minute = thorough
to pursue = to attend
stroke = CVA ( cerebro-vascular accident , cerebral infarction )
specialist = medic specialist senior specialist = medic primar primary care physician -> usually the family physician
the adrenals = SR
hyperplasia = overgrowth
gynecology vs andrology ( deals with female and male sex organs )
*facsimile = copy/reproduction
surgical knot = nod surgical approach = abord chirurgical surgical appliance = dispozitiv medical surgical suture surgical history surgical bone impression = amprenta osoasa surgical kit surgical nurse / nursing = ingrijire a pacientilor de pe sectia de chirurgie surgical saw = fierastrau surgical suite = bloc operator surgical / operating table surgical team surgical unit / ward surgical wound infection surgical clearance = acordul chirurgului- suture needle- suture thread
prosthesis = proteza
I have my arm in a plaster cast ( gips ).
flap = lambou
Procedures
-ectomy = extirpare , excizie-centesis = surgical puncture ( paracentesis , thoracentesis, rachiocentesis )-cele = proeminenta, tumora ( omphalocele)-iatry = tratament ( psychiatry )-(o)dynia = durere ( arthrodynia )-oma = -om ( carcinoma, sarcoma )-ostomy = formation of an artificial opening, the creation of a hole.-otomy = incision-pexy = pexie, fixare-plasty-plegia = -plegie / paralizie ( para/tetraplegia)
-rraphy-rrhexis = -rexie / rupture-scope = instrument; -scopy = procedura-tome = -tom/instrument ; -tomy=-tomie/procedura
tongue = lingua , glossa ( adj. lingual )
to metastasize
metastasis
subsequent = urmator
idiosyncratic – afecteaza un nr redus de oameni
scrub = costumatie scrub cap = boneta surgical gown = halat
autologous blood
attire = outfit
stuff = lucruri staff = personal
to scrub hands = a curata mainile
consent form = formular de consimtamant
enema = clisma
to refrain / to abstain from
nurse anesthetist anesthesiologist
to clip off = a taia
drapes = cearceafuri sterile / draperii
ether screen = paravan de eter
to render the pacient unconscious
puncture = tap
to numb = a amorti numbness = amorteala tingling = furnicaturi
thoracic / chest surgery
to clamp blood vessels
The approach to the surgical site = abordul
to sever = a taia, a amputa
to staple = a capsa ( stapler = capsator )
hollow organs = org cavitare
loops of intestine = anse intestinale
ligation = ligature
flaps of tissue -> lambou
to sew – sewed – sewn = a coase
pins = ace
screws = suruburi
prosthetic rod = tija prostetica
fistula = opening
calculus – calculi
debridement = removal of dead/damaged tissue
to strain = a intinde
brain concussion = comotie cerebral
pelvic girdle shoulder girdle
to develop into
damp = wet
tibia ( shin bone ) – pl: tibiae
to weaken = to debilitate
to prolong…by 3 years
chills = rigors
to perform surgery / to operate on a pacient / to do surgery
to put under anesthesia = to anesthetize
to admit a pacient to a hospital / a student to the university
admittance = entry
admission to a college
to discharge a pacient from
discharge of a pacient from a hospital
haemorrhoids = piles
dramatically = greatly
cut = incision ( voluntary ) = laceration ( involuntary )
to clog = 1) a astupa, a infunda , a bloca. 2) a se coagula = to clot
limbs = arms and legs
to sue = a da in judecata to sew – sewed – sewn = a coase
skillful = talented vs skilled = experienced vs skilless
os / bone : pl – ossa ; cf – osteo ; adj – osseus, bony
stoma = os = oral cavity
skin = integument
outermost layer = epidermis ; dermis ; subcutaneous layer/subcuttis
affliction / ailment / sickness / illness / disease / malady / disorder
ductless/endocrine glands duct/exocrine glands
intern = stagiar
A pacient is referred to a surgeon.
The physician consults / sees the pacient.
The pacient undergoes surgery without undue risk.
bloodstream = blood flow
to consult = a cere o parere
tentative diagnosis = diagn prezumptiv
elective vs optional
A fit or a paroxysm of cough
an epileptic seizure/attack
scrub nurse = responsabila de instrumentar
pieces of equipment
circulating nurse
dressing room = sala de pansamente
ward = salon
conscientious = constiincios
malpractice
liability = obligatie, datorie.
tax = impozit
expenses = cheltuieli
distructive = corrosive
protozoa = worm-like parasites
epidemic = outbreak = epidemie
new growths = neoplasms
degenerative/wearing out disease
to immunize / immunity / immune system
to put off = to postpone, delay
to make a diagnosis
to swab = a tampona ( 2) betisor de urechi )
anaphylactic shock
to drain -> liquids vs to void -> solid
clyster = enema
stretcher = targa gurney = targa pe ambulanta care coboara roti si devine pat trolley = pat mobil ( sau carucior de magazine )
cuff = manson
draped = acoperit
refuse bins = tomberon
on hand = at hand = handy = at arm’s reach
chief surgeon / surgeon-in-chief = chirurg principal assistant surgeons
dramatic = 1) impressive ; 2) radical
painful – painless / painfree
hazardous = 1) risky ; 2) random
to sever = to amputate
the amputee = the person
to alleviate / to soothe / to palliate / to mitigate / to dull the pain
throbbing pain = durere pulsatila dull pain = durere surda
Sth is beneficial to a pacient
communicable / communicative / contagious / catchy / catching disease = transmissible disease
noninfectious disease
to pick up a disease = to catch a disease
aseptic = sterile, germ-free
lung = pulmon
Types of surgery
Trauma surgery
1) Emergency surgery2) Urgent surgery – you can wait for a day or two : appendectomy , colecystectomy .3) Required surgery – not life threatening4) Corrective surgery5) Optional surgery