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ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Prepared by: Section E2- Albarracin
What is ulcerative colitis?- Is a chronic
inflammatory bowel disease that causes ongoing inflammation and ulcers (open sores) in the innermost layers of the large intestine (colon) and rectum.
What is ulcerative colitis?
- The ulcers bleed and produce pus and mucus, and the inflammation causes the colon to empty frequently, causing diarrhea.
What is ulcerative colitis?
- Ulcerative colitis is almost similar to Crohn's disease, another inflammatory bowel disease.
Ulcerative Colitis VS Crohn’s Ds.
Ulcerative Colitis VS Crohn’s Ds.
Ulcerative Colitis VS Crohn’s Ds.Feature Ulcerative Colitis Crohn’s DiseaseINCIDENCE
Age of Onset
Family History
Gender of prevalence
Cancer risk
Any age; 10-40 years
Less common
Equal in men and women
Increased
Any age; 10-30 years
More common
Equal in men and women
Increased
Ulcerative Colitis VS Crohn’s Ds.Feature Ulcerative Colitis Crohn’s Disease
PATHOPHYSIOLOGYLocation of lesion
Inflammation and ulceration
Granulomas
Friable mucosa
Fistuale and abscesses
Strictures and possible obstruction
Colon and rectum, no “skip” lesions
Mucosal layer involved
Rare
Common
Rare
Rare
All of GI tract: mouth to anus, “skip” lesions commonEntire intestinal wall involvedCommon
Less common
Common
Common
Ulcerative Colitis VS Crohn’s Ds.Feature Ulcerative Colitis Crohn’s DiseaseCLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Bloody stools
Abdominal mass
Small intestinal malabsorption
Steatorrhea
Potential for malignancy
Clinical course
Occasional
Common
Common
Rare
Rare
Rare
Common
Remission and exacerbation
Common
Common
Less common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Remission and exacerbation
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Identify the rationale for each of the orders.
NPO status except for oral medications
Colitis interferes with its ability to absorb water from the intestinal contents and allows leakage of important electrolytes, such as potassium and chloride, into your stool. Thus, would cause further problems in bowel movement or exacerbation of diarrhea would occur.
Identify the rationale for each of the orders.
Sulfasalazine 2g po qid
It works to reduce the inflammation in the colon caused by ulcerative colitis and then as a maintenance therapy to maintain remission.
Identify the rationale for each of the orders.
D5W in 0.9% Nacl with 40 mEq KCL at 125 ml/hr
People with IBD (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease) often have trouble absorbing nutrients from their intestine, and may have low levels of potassium and other important nutrients.
Identify the rationale for each of the orders.
Solumedrol 100mg IV q 6
Corticosteroids affect metabolism in various ways and modify the immune system. Corticosteroids also block inflammation and are used in a wide variety of inflammatory diseases affecting many organs.
Common Laboratory Findings
• Bloody diarrhea• Cellular mucosal breakdown• Diarrhea and vomiting• Toxic megacolon
Nursing Diagnosis
Diarrhea related to inflamed intestinal mucosaAltered nutrition: less than body requirements related to malabsorptionAltered comfort: acute pain related to inflamed mucosaDeficient fluid volume related to anorexia, nausea, diarrheaRisk for impaired skin integrity related to malnutrition and diarrheaActivity intolerance related to fatigueAnxiety related to impending surgeryIneffective coping related to repeated episodes of diarrhea
Collaborative problems:
Electrolyte imbalance
Cardiac dysrhythmias related to
electrolyte depletion
GI bleeding w/ fluid volume loss
Perforation of the bowel
Sources:
Ardizzone S. Ulcerative colitis. Orphanet encyclopedia. September 2003: (Ebook)
Black, J. and Jane Hokanson Hawks. (2004). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Clinical management for positive outcomes. 7th ed. Singapore: Elsevier Pte. Ltd.
Kozier, B. et. Al. (2008). Fundamentals of nursing, 8th ed. Singapore: Pearson Education South Asia Pte. Ltd.
Lewis, S. et. Al. (2007). Medical surgical nursing: Assessment & management of clinical problems, 7th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Inc.
Smeltzer, S. (2008). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing, 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Ulcerative colitis. http://www.livestrong.com/article/484043-colitis-low-potassium/#ixzz1S31mPbc5
Ulcerative colitis. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/ulcerative-colitis-000166.htm
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