1

jkpoha;Tj;Jiw

gFjp – 1 – jkpo;

Kjy; gUtk; UI5TMILI

nra;As;> ,yf;fpa tuyhW> ciueil

nkhopg;gapw;rpAk; gilg;ghf;fKk;

myF -1

ghujpahh; - ghuj Njrk; (1-13ghly;fs;)> ghujpjhrd; - ,Uz;l tPL (rhpaha; xUkzp Kjy; filrpf; $r;ry; tiu 1-97thpfs;> vy;yh eyKk; Kjy; filj;Njwpw;WyNf tiu 131-158 thpfs;> ehkf;fy; ftpQh; jkpohpd; ngUik (1-11ghly;fs;)> gl;Lf;Nfhl;ilahh;- nra;Ak; njhopNy nja;tk; (1-4ghly;fs;)> fz;zjhrd; - xU fe;jy; Jzpapd; fij (1-13 ghly;fs;)>

cLkiy euhazftp – njd;id vDk; md;id (1-6 ghly;fs;)> KFe;j; ehfuh[d; - nkhop vd;Dk; njhlh;G rhjdk;> k`;%j; jh;tP\; - thf;F%yk.

myF -2

kPuh – jq;if Kjyhsp> mg;Jy; uFkhd; Ngl;b> <NuhL jkpod;gd; - Ks;fNshL goFNthk;> Jiu rz;Kfk; - tho;j;J

ml;il> jpUeq;if fy;fp – tpjpia vOjpNdd;> n[.nry;tFkhhp - ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ngz;fs;> Mz;lhs; gphpajh;\pdp - %r;Rf;Flit> i`f;$ ftpijfs; (mwpTkjp 5ghly;fs;>kpj;uh 5 ghly;fs;)> ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs;

myF -3 ,yf;fpa tuyhW

ftpijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; (INuhg;gpah; fhyk;> ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L)> ciueilapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; (INuhg;gpah; fhyk;> ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L)>jkpopd; ,af;fq;fSk; epWtdq;fSk;.

myF – 4 ciueil

moFf;fiyfs; vit?– kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp>czTk;

kUe;Jk; - K.tujuhrdh;> jpUf;Fwspy; ed;wpawpjy; – g.r.VRjhrd;> ckzh; - M.rptRg;gpukzpad;> Rw;WyhTk; Rw;Wr;#oy; rPuopTk; - jpNahlh; gh];fh;> jiyf;Nfhy; - ,uh.fiyf;Nfhtd;> cyfkakhf;fyhy; khwptUk; czTg; gof;fk; - ,uj;jpd

GfNoe;jp>ejpapd; gpioad;W eWk;Gdy; ,d;ik – ehQ;rpy; ehld;.

2

myF -5 nkhopg;gapw;rpAk; gilg;ghf;fKk;

xypg;Gg; gpiofis ePf;fp xypg;G Kiwg;gapw;rp mspj;jy;> vOj;J khw;wj;jhy; Vw;gLk; nghUs; khw;wk; mwpjy;> re;jpg;gpio jpUj;jk;> gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;Fhpa jkpo;r; nrhw;fs;>ftpij gilj;jy;.

gFjp – 1 – jkpo;

,uz;;lhk;; gUtk; UI5TM2L2

nra;As;> ,yf;fpa tuyhW> rpWfijj;jpul;L>

nkhopg;gapw;rpAk;& gilg;ghf;fk;

myF -1 : (gf;jp ,yf;fpak;)

1. jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; Njthuk;: jpUkiwf;fhl;Lg; gjpfk; KOtJk;

(11 ghly;fs;)

2. Re;juh;; Njthuk;: jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}h;g;; gjpfk; KOtJk;

(10 ghly;fs;)

3. khzpf;fthrfh; : jpUntk;ghit (1-10 ghly;fs; kl;Lk;)

4. jpU%yh; jpUke;jpuk;

ahf;if epiyahik – Mh;j;njO ….. vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; (157)

nry;tk; epiyahik – <l;baNjd;G+ ….. vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; (171)

caph; epiyahik – Ith;f;F xUnra; ….. vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; (188)

fy;tp – fw;wwpthsh; ….. vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; (291)

fy;yhik – epy;yh epiyia… vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; (312)

5. jpUg;ghzho;thh; ghRuk; - mkydhjpgpuhd; (10 ghly;fs;)

6. ehr;rpahh; jpUnkhop – ehkk; Mapuk; (1-10 ghly;fs;)

7.kJuftpaho;thh; - fz;zpEz; rpWj;jhk;G> vdj; njhlq;Fk; 10 ghly;fs;

myF -2 : (rpw;wpyf;fpak;)

1. ghz;bf;Nfhit (5 ghly;fs;)

ntd;Nw fspj;j … vDk; ghly; (252)

3

gz;Njh; rpiwtz;L … vDk; ghly; (260)

kd; Ve;jpa thd; Gfo; … vDk; ghly; (268)

ikthh; ,Uk;nghopy;.. vDk; ghly; (274)

thd;eyk; nfhz;l .. vDk; ghly; (286)

2. fypq;fj;Jg;guzp

Nga;Kiwg;ghL (1-20)

3. Kf;$lw;gs;S (1-10 ghly;fs;)

4. kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo;

tUifg;gUtk; (62) ngUe;Njd; ,iwf;Fk;… vdj;

njhlq;Fk; ghly;

Kj;jg; gUtk; (43) fhyj;njhL fw;gid fle;j .. .

vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;

nrq;fPiug; gUtk; (18) Kfkjp CL… vdj;

njhlq;Fk ghly;

5. Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp

jpU$lehjh; gtdpiaf; fhzte;j ngz;fs; $w;W (10 ghly;fs;)

6. jpUegpr; rjfk; (3 ghly;fs;)

ed;dkapdpay;G (22) jFjpaw;wit (19) mopAkpay;G (15)

7. jpUf;fhtY}h;;f; fyk;gfk; (Kjy; 10 ghly;fs;)

myF -3 : (,yf;fpa tuyhW)

1. Kw;fhyg; gf;jp ,yf;fpak; : irt ,yf;fpaq;fs; - gd;dpU jpUKiwfs;

jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; (1>2>3 jpUKiwfs;)

jpUehTf;furh; (4>5>6 jpUKiwfs;)

Re;juh; (7 Mk; jpUKiw)

khzpf;fthrfh; (8Mk; jpUKiw) > 9 Mk; jpUKiw

jpU%yh; (10Mk; jpUKiw) > 11 Mk; jpUKiw

Nrf;fpohh; (12 Mk; jpUKiw)

4

2. itzt ,yf;fpaq;fs; - ehyhapu jpt;ag; gpuge;jk;:

ngha;ifaho;thh;>G+jj;jho;thh;> Ngaho;thh;> jpUkopiraho;thh;>

ek;kho;thh;>kJuftpaho;thh;>FyNrfuho;thh;>nghpaho;thh;> Mz;lhs;>

njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh;>jpUg;ghzho;thh;> jpUkq;ifaho;thh;.

3. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs;: guzp>gps;isj;jkpo;> Nfhit> cyh> J}J>

fyk;gfk;> FwtQ;rp> gs;S> kly;> rjfk;

4. fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpak;: tPukhKdpth;> khA+uk;Ntjehafk; gps;is>

vr;.V.fpU\;zg;gps;is> Ntjehaf rh];jphpahh;.

5.,];yhkpa ,yf;fpak;: ckWg;Gyth;> Fzq;Fb k];jhd;

rhfp>gPh;Kfk;kJ

6. rpWfijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk;

myF - 4: (rpWfijj; jpul;L)

1. GJikg;gpj;jd; - kdpj ve;jpuk;

2. n[afhe;jd; - FUgPlk;

3. F.mofphprhkp - mf;fpdpf; ftrk;

4. fp.,uh[hehuhazd; - fjT

5. Mh;.#lhkzp - nre;jpU Mfptpl;lhs;

6. R[hjh - efuk;

7. m.Kj;Jypq;fk; - thy;fhtpypUe;J fdlh tiu

8. kPD nk`;Nuhj;uh - filrpg; Gd;dif

myF - 5: (nkhopg;gapw;rpAk; gilg;ghf;fKk;)

1. RUf;fp tiujy; gapw;rp

2. nkhopngah;g;Gg; gapw;rp

3. jpiu tpkh;rdk; vOJjy;

4. E}y; kjpg;Giu

5

gFjp – 1 – jkpo; - ghlj;jpl;lk;

%d;whk; gUtk; U16TM3L3

(nra;As; - fhg;gpaq;fs;> ,yf;fpa tuyhW> ehty;>nkhopg;gapw;rp)

myF -1

1. rpyg;gjpfhuk; – ,e;jpu tpoT Ch; vLj;j fhij

2. kzpNkfiy – Mjpiu gpr;irapl;l fhij

3. rPtf rpe;jhkzp – tpkiyahh; ,yk;gfk;

4. #shkzp – ehl;Lr; rUf;fk;;

myF -2

5. nghpa Guhzk; – fz;zg;g ehadhh; Guhzk;

6. fk;guhkhazk;; – Ffg;glyk;

7. neQ;rpy; epiwe;j egpkzp – Njd; nkhop nghope;j nja;tj; J}jh;

8. gTybahh; ghtpak; – ntw;wpg;glyk;

myF -3

9. ,yf;fpa tuyhW

m. fhg;gpaq;fs;

M. gpw;fhg;gpa fhyk;

,. ciueil tsh;r;rp (INuhg;gpah; fhyk;)

<. ciueil tsh;r;rp (,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L)

c. jkpo; ehty; tsh;r;rp

C. rpWfij tsh;r;rp

myF -4

10. FWehty; - Nfs;tpj; jP – R. rKj;jpuk;

myF -5

11. nkhopg;gapw;rp

m). gytiff; fbjq;fs; vOJjy;

M). nrhw;rpj;jpuk; tiujy; ,). rpWfijg; gapw;rp

6

gFjp – 1 – jkpo; - ghlj;jpl;lk;

ehd;fhk; gUtk; U16TM4L4

(nra;As; - ehlfk;;> ,yf;fpa tuyhW> nkhopg;gapw;rp)

myF -1

1. GwehD}W – 5 ghly;fs;

2. gjpw;Wg;gj;J – 2 ghly;fs;

3. Iq;FWE}W – 5 ghly;fs;

4. FWe;njhif – 5 ghly;fs;

5. ew;wpiz – 3 ghly;fs;

6. mfehD}W – 2 ghly;fs;

7. fypj;njhif – 2 ghly;fs;

myF -2

1. jpUf;Fws; – 3 mjpfhuq;fs;

2. ehybahh; – 5 ghly;fs;

3. gonkhopehD}W – 5 ghly;fs;

4. rpWgQ;r%yk; – 5 ghly;fs;

5. ehd;kzpf;fbif – 5 ghly;fs;

6. jphpfLfk; – 5 ghly;fs;

myF -3

,yf;fpa tuyhW

myF -4

ehlfk; : khz;lth; kPz;lJ – gk;ky; rk;ge;j Kjypahh;

myF -5

1. miog;gpjo;> epfo;r;rp epuy; jahhpj;jy;

2. nghJf;fl;Liu tiujy;

3. FWehlfk; vOJjy;

7

KJfiyg; ghlj;jpl;lk;

,g;ghlj;jpl;lk; jkpo; KJfiy gapYk; khzth;fspd; gy;NtW mwpTj;jpwd;fs;> Gyik> gilg;ghw;wy; Kjypatw;iw tsh;f;Fk; tifapy; mikf;;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J mbg;gilj; jhs;fs;> jpl;lf; fl;Liu cl;gl 15> tpUg;gghlj; jhs;fs; 4> xOf;ff; fy;tp kjpg;gPl;Lf; fy;tp 1> Gwj;jhs; 1 Mf nkhj;jk; 21 jhs;fs; vd tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kjw;gUtk;

jhs; 1 P15TM101 - njhy;fhg;gpak;-vOj;jjpfhuk; (er;rpdhu;f;fpdpau;)

jhs; 2 P15TM102 - ,f;fhy ciueil ,yf;fpaq;fs;

jhs; 3 P15TM103 - jpwdha;tpay;

jhs; 4 P15TM104 - fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpak;

jhs; 5 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs;

P15TM1:1 - ehl;Lg;Gwtpay;

P15TM1:2 - rpyg;gjpfhuk;

,uz;lhk; gUtk;

jhs; 6 P15TM205 - njhy;fhg;gpak; - nrhy;yjpfhuk; (Nrdhtiuah;;)

jhs; 7 P15TM206 - ,f;fhyf; ftpij ,yf;fpak;

jhs; 8 P15TM207 - gf;jp ,yf;fpak;

jhs; 9 P15VL2:1 / P15VL2:2 - rkaf;fy;tp / kjpg;gPl;Lf;fy;tp

jhs; 10 P15TM2E1- jkpoh; ehfhpfKk; gz;ghLk; (ED – 1)

jhs; 11 tpUg;gg; ghlq;;fs;

P15TM2:1 - xg;gPl;L Nehf;fpy; cyfr; nrk;nkhopfs;

P15TM2:2 - mfuhjpapay;

%d;whk;; gUtk;

jhs;12 P15TM 308 - njhy;fhg;gpak;-nghUsjpfhuk; (nra;Aspay; ePq;fyhf).

mfj;jpiz> Gwj;jpiz> fstpay;> fw;gpay;>

nka;g;ghl;bay;>ctikapay;> kugpay;

jhs; 13 P15TM309 - mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; - gjpnzd; fPo;f;fzf;F

jhs; 14 P16TM310 - ,e;jpa nkhopfSk; etPd ,yf;fpaq;fSk;

8

jhs; 15 P15TM311 - nkhopngah;g;gpay;;

jhs; 16 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs;

P15TM3:1 - ,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fs;

P15TM3:2 - xg;gpyf;fpak;

ehd;fhk;; gUtk;

jhs;17 P15TM412 - fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

jhs; 18 P15TM413 - mf ,yf;fpaq;fs;

jhs; 19 P15TM414 - Gw ,yf;fpaq;fs;

jhs; 20 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs;

P15TM4:1 - nghJ nkhopapay;

P15TM4:2 - kf;fs; njhlh;gpay;

jhs; 21 - P15TM4PJ jpl;lf;fl;Liu

mbg;gilj; jhs;fs;

njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpj;j jhs;fs; 3

rq;f ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa jhs;fs; 2

mw ,yf;fpak; 1

,ilf;fhy ,yf;fpak;> fhg;gpak; gw;wpa jhs;fs; 2

,f;fhy ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa jhs;fs; 2

nkhopngah;g;G ,yf;fpak; 1

jpwdha;tpay; 1

xg;gpyf;fpak; 1

fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpaj;jhs; 1

jpl;lf;fl;Liu 1

________ 15

vd mikfpd;wd . ,tw;wpy; njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpj;j jhs;fs; ,yf;fzg; Gyikia tsh;f;fTk;> rq;f ,yf;fpak;> mw ,yf;fpak;>

9

,ilf;fhy ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa jhs;fs; kughh;e;j ekJ ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gw;wpa

Mokhd mwpitg; ngwTk; cjTk; tifapy; mikfpd;wd. ,f;fhy ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa jhs;fSk;> jpwdha;tpay;> nkhopngah;g;gpay; gw;wpa jhs;fSk; khzth;fspd;

gilg;ghw;wiyAk;> jpwdha;T/Muha;r;rp Mw;wiyAk; ngUf;Fk; tifapy; mikfpd;wd. xg;gpyf;fpak;> gpwnkhop ,yf;fpag;GhpjiyAk;> fpwp];jt ,yf;fpak; fpwp];jth;fs; jkpopyf;fpaj;jpw;F mspj;Js;s gq;fspg;gpidg; gw;wpg; Ghpe;J nfhs;sTk; cjTtdthf mikfpd;wd. jpl;lf;fl;Liu khzth;fspd; jpl;lkply;> mwpTrhh;gzp> njhFj;Jk;> gFj;Jk;> jpwdha;e;Jk; vOJjy; Mfpa jpwd;fis tsh;f;Fk; tpjkhf mikfpd;wd.

tpUg;gg;ghlkhf mike;Js;s jhs;fs; 8 (Electives).,tw;Ws; ehd;F jhs;fs; ghlkhf mikAk;.

1. ehl;LG;Gwtpay; 2. rpyg;gjpfhuk; 3. xg;gPl;L Nehf;fpy; cyfr; nrk;nkhopfs; 4. mfuhjpapay; 5. ,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fs; 6. ,e;jpa ,yf;fpak; 7. nghJnkhopapay; 8. kf;fs; njhlh;gpay;

ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; jkpohpd; ehl;Lg;Gw ,yf;fpaq;fisAk;> fiyfisAk; mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ. xg;gPl;L Nehf;fpy; cyfr; nrk;nkhopfs; Njrpa mstpyhd fy;Y}hp Mrphpah; jFjpj; Njh;Tf;Fk;> ,e;jpa Ml;rpg; gzpj; Njh;Tf;Fk; gad;gLk; tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fs; vd;gJ jkpopd; KOikahd ,yf;fpa tuyhw;iwAk;> rpe;jid mbg;gilapyhd ,yf;fpa ,af;fg; Nghf;FfisAk; gw;wpajhf mikfpd;wJ. mfuhjpapay; nkhop mwpit Nkk;gLj;jTk;> kf;fs; njhlh;gpay; Clfq;fs; gw;wpa fy;tpia ngwTk; ghlkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. rpyg;gjpfhuk; xU fhg;gpaj;ij KO epiyapy; fw;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gpwJiwj;jhs; (ED -1) rka kjpg;gPl;Lj;jhs; -1

,itad;wp gpwJiwj;jhshf jkpoh; ehfhpfKk; gz;ghLk; mikfpd;wJ.,J gpwJiw khzth;fs; gbg;gjhf mikAk;. NkYk; rkaf; fy;tp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;Lf; fy;tp gw;wpa newpfis Nghjpg;gjhf rka kjpg;gPl;Lf; fy;tpj;jhs; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

10

njhy;fhg;gpak; - vOj;jjpfhuk; (er;rpdhu;f;fpdpau;)

Kjy;gUtk;

jhs; 1 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM101

Nehf;fk; : khztu;fSf ;F vOj;jpd; Njhw;wk; mbg;gilfs; gw;wpa ghuk;gupa ,yf;fzg; Gyikia tsu;j;jy;. ciuia xl;bNa ghlk; elj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. Nju;T tpdhf;fs;(er;rpdhu;f;fpdpau;)ciuapypUe;JmikayhfhJ.

myF 1 : E}d; kuG , nkhop kuG

myF 2 : gpwg;gpay; , Gzupay;

myF 3 : cUgpay; , njhif kuG

myF 4 : capu; kaq;fpay; , Gs;sp kaq;fpay;

myF 5 : Fw;wpaYfug; Gzupay;

________________________________________________________________

11

Kjy;gUtk; - jhs; 2 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM102

jhs; -2 : ,f;fhy ciueil ,yf;fpaq;fs; Nehf;fk ; khzth;fSf;F ,f;fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpy; <Lghl;bid

cUthf;Fjy;. ,jw;nfd;W etPd ciueil ,yf;fpaj;jpd; njhlf;ff; fhyj;jpypUe;Jk;> rkf;fhyj;jpypUe;Jk; gilg;gpyf;fpag; GidfijfSk; mg;GidTfSk; njhFj;Jj; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

myF 1: kq;ifah;f;furpapd; fhjy; rpWfijj; njhFjp KOtJk; (t.Nt.R.Iah;): fpshhpe;jh tuyhw;W ehty; - khjitah; (rNuh[pdp ghf;fpaKj;J nkhopngah;g;G)

myF 2: mz;zhJiu – nrt;thio n[afhe;jd; - ehd; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd; Re;ju uhkrhkp – Nky; ghh;it [hdfpuhkd; - Jiz F.g.uh[Nfhghyd; - tpbAkh mNrhfkpj;jpud; - fhyKk; Ie;J Foe;ijfSk; yh.r.uhkhkph;jk; - ghw;fly; mk;ig – tPl;bd; %iyapy; xU rikayiw ePy.gj;kehgd; - rz;ilAk; rkhjdKk; r.jkpo;nry;td; - ntapNyhL Ngha; n[aNkhfd; -ahid lhf;lh; ghkh – thyp

myF 3: Njr gf;jd; fe;jd; -fh.rp.Ntq;flukzp: kpsph;fy; -

,uh.KUfNts;> J}g;Gf;fhhp – kyh;tjp.

myF 4: gy;Ritf; fl;Liufs; ( gazf;fl;Liu> fbj ,yf;fpaf; fl;Liu> ,jopay; rhh; fl;Liu) – V.Nf. nrl;bahh; - gp[Pj;jPT> jdpehaf mbfshh; - jkpo;j;J}J> v];;.uhkfpU\;zd; - gQ;rhg; gazk; (Njrhe;jphp): GJikg;gpj;jdpd; fz;kzp fkyhTf;F> njh.gukrptdpd; - fWg;G vd;w jiyg;gpyhd fl;Liu> ehQ;rpy; ehld;- ngauzpjy;> g;hpah jk;gp – Ngrhj Ngr;nry;yhk;.

myF 5: Ma;Tf; fl;LiufSk; ehlfKk;: gz;ghl;L Nth;fisj; Njb vd;w E}ypy; cs;s Kjy; Ie;J fl;Liufs; Qh.];Bgd; njhFj;jJ(jkpofg;gz;ghl;Lepiyf;fsq;fs; -Qh.];Bgd;; rka ,af;fq;fs;> nkhop ,af;fk;- rp.R.kzp rkakWkyh;r;rp,af;fq;fs;nghd;dPyd;;. jkpofehl;lhh;rkaMa;TM.rptRg;gpukzpad;). gfb,yf;fpak>; M.,uh.Ntq;flhrygjp. ehlfk; - gk;ky; rk;ge;j Kjypahhpd; kNdhfuh ehlfk;;: gpugQ;rdpd;-Kl;il.

12

ghh;it E}y;fs;

1. kq;ifaw;furpapd; fhjy; (rpWfijj; njhFg;G) – t.Nt.R.ma;ah;> Kjy; gjpg;G> 2009> rhujh khzpf;fk; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id -600088.

2. fpshhpe;jh (ehty;) – m.khjitah;> fpwp];jt ,yf;fpa rq;fk;> nrd;id (nkhopngah;g;G – rNuh[pdp ghf;fpaKj;J)

3. E}w;whz;Lj; jkpo; ehty; tuyhW – rpl;b rptghjRe;juk;> fpwp];jt ,yf;fpa rq;fk;> nrd;id.

4. jkpo;r; rpWfij gpwf;fpwJ. – rp.R. nry;yg;gh> fhyr;RtL gjpg;gfk;> ehfh;Nfhtpy;.

5. Njrg;gf;jd; fe;jd; -fhrp. Ntq;flukzp> my;yad;]; fk;ngdp> %d;whk; gjpg;G> 1999>nrd;id -600004

6. kpsph;fy; - ,uh. KUfNts;> nghd;DYfk; gjpg;gfk;> Kjy; gjpg;G – 2013 jpUg;G+h;.

7. J}g;Gf;fhhp – kyh;tjp> kjp ntspaPL> Ie;jhk; gjpg;G -2014 fd;dpahFkhp.

8. gz;ghl;L Nth;fisj; Njb – njhFg;ghrphpah; Qh.];Bgd;; ehl;lhh; tof;fhw;wpay; Ma;T ikak;> Kjy; gjpg;G 1999> ghisak; Nfhl;il

9. kNyah Kjy; fhdlh tiu – V.Nf. nrl;bahh;> mfy; gjpg;gfk;> Kjy; gjpg;G 2009> nrd;id-14.

10. jkpo;j;J}J – jdpehafk; mbfshh;> cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk;> nrd;id

11. fz;kzpfkyhTf;F – GJikg;gpj;jd; (njhFg;G: ,isaghujp) re;jpah gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id

12. me;jf; fhyj;jpy; fhg;gp ,y;iy – M.,uh.Ntq;flhrygjp>fhyr;RtL gjpg;gfk;> ehfh;Nfhtpy;

13. Kl;il – gpugQ;rd;

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13

Kjy;gUtk; - jhs; 3 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM103

jpwdha;tpay;

Nehf;fk; : khztu;fSf;Fj; jpwdha;tpd; mbg;gilapy; gapw;rpaspj;jy;

kjpg;Giu – jpwdha;T , Muha;r;rp NtWghLfs;. myF1 : jpwdha;tpay; tpsf;fk; - kjpg;Giu – jpwdha;T –

Muha;r;rp – NtWghLfs; - jkpo; kuGj; jpwdha;T – ciunewpfs; – jkpo;j; jpwdha;T Kd;Ndhbfs;.

myF 2 : ftpijj; jpwdha;T – ftpij cj;jpfs; – gbkk; – cUtfk; , fw;gid kdpjg;gLj;jy; , FwpaPL , njhlh; cUtfk; , Fwpg;G , Kuz; , ftpijAk; fUj;Jk; – GJf;ftpijapd; Nghf;Ffs;.

myF 3 : Gidfijj; jpwdha;T – fijaikg;G – fijkhe;ju; – ikaf; fUj;J – Nehf;F epiy nkhop eilahf;fj;ij $Wk; cj;jpfs; – Fwpg;G Kuz; – FwpaPL – mjPjg; GidTfs; – kjpg;gpLk; Kiwfs;.

myF 4 : ehlfj; jpwdha;T – ehlf tiffs; – fijaikg;G – ehlf cj;jpfs; – nghJj; jd;ikfs; – jdpj;jd;ikfs;.

myF 5 : ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T tiffs; – r%ftpay; , cstpay; – tuyhW – mofpay; – %y ghltpay; – mikg;gpay; – gpd; mikg;gpay;.

ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.nry;yg;gh rp.R. – jkpopy; ,yf;fpa tpkuprdk;

2.nry;yg;gh rp.R. – jkpo; rpWfij gpwf;fpwJ 3.ifyhrgjp f. – ,yf;fpaKk; jpwdha;Tk; 4.ifyhrgjp f. – ftpij eak; 5.ifyhrgjp f. – r%ftpaYk; jpwdha;Tk; 6.eluh[d; jp.R. – jpwdha;Tf; nfhs;iffs; 7.KUNfr ghz;bad; KjypNahu; – jpwdha;T rpy Njly;fs; 8.nty;y – thud; – FNshwpah Re;jpukjp (nkh.ng) - ,yf;fpaf;nfhs;if 9.kzthsd; m.m. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L jkpo; ,yf;fpaf;

Nfhl;ghLfs; (cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk;, nrd;id).

14

10.ftpQu; rpw;gp – 20Mk; E}w;whz;L jkpo;f;ftpij

(cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk;, nrd;id). 11.g.kUjehafk; - Nkiy Nehf;fpy; jkpo;f;ftpij

(cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk;, nrd;id).

12. ,.v];.b. (njh.M) ,yf;fpa ,]q;fs; – mfuk; , jQ;rhT+h; – 7 13. ghyh., jkpo; ,yf;fpa tpku;rfu;fs; – mfuk; , jQ;rhT+h; – 7 14. ghyh., GJf;ftpij xU GJg;ghu;it –mfuk; , jQ;rhT+h; – 7 15.ty;ypfz;zd; – GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;–mfuk;,jQ;rhT+h; – 7

16.mg;Jy; uFkhd; – GJf;ftpijapy; FwpaPL – md;dk; , jQ;rhT+h; - 7 17.jkpotd; –mikg;gpay;thjKk;jkpo;,yf;fpaKk;-fht;ah-ngq;fSu; – 38

18.Jiu rPdpr;rhkp,,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;Lj; jkpo;f; ftpijf;

Nfhl;ghLfs; (cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk;, nrd;id)

19.G+u;zre;jpud; , jpwdha;T tuyhW – jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofk;, jQ;rhT+h;.

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15

fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpak;

Kjy;gUtk; - jhs; 4 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM104

Nehf;fk; - fpwpj;jth;fs; jkpopyf;fpaj;jpw;F mspj;Js;s gq;fspg;gpid mwpar; nra;jy; - jkpo;f; fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpaj;jpy; fhzyhFk; gy;NtW tbtpYs;s fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak; rpw;wpyf;fpak;> kuGf; ftpij> GJf;ftpij> Gid fij> fl;Liu> ehlfk; cs;spl;l gy;NtW mk;rq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;; - fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpaj;jpd; jdpj; jd;ikfisg; ghlg; gFjp thapyhf mwpar; nra;jy; myF 1

jkpopyf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; fpwpj;jtk; ngUk; gq;F –Mjpj;jkpo;f;

fpwpj;jtk; - INuhg;gpah; tUifAk; fj;Njhypf;f /rPh;jpUj;jj; jpUr;rigfspd; gutYk; - Nkiyehl;L jkpo;ehl;Lj; njhz;lh;fspd; ,yf;fpa> ,yf;fzg; gilg;Gfs;> jkpo;f; fpwpj;jt ftpij> fl;Liu> fhg;gpak;> Gidfijfs; - jkpo; tsh;;r;rpf;Ff; fpwpj;jt mUl;njhz;lh;fspd; gq;fspg;G

myF 2 nra;As; ,yf;fpaq;fs; - fhg;gpaq;fs; - Mjpahfk fhtpak;

(KjypU glyq;fs;)> ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; (filj;jpwg;G) 25 ghly;fs; - rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; - ,iwike;jh; gps;isj; jkpo;

(nrq;fPiu> jhyg;gUtk;) – ngj;yNfk; FwtQ;rp (kiyfs;) myF 3 nra;As; ,yf;fpaq;fs; - fPh;j;jidfs; -1.khpahd; cgNjrpahh;-

fh;j;jhpd; ge;jpapy; th(255). ,uhgh;l; gphpf;nfd; hp[; - ,NaR Nerpf;fpwhh; 3. khrpyhkzp Iah; - jhufNk grpjhfj;Jld; (258) 4. Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; - fz;Nld; vd; fz; Fspu (258) 5. re;jpahF Iah; -NjtNd ehd; ckjz;ilapy; (169) 6. rthpuhad; VRjhrd; - Mz;lth ce;jd; Nrit (391)

ftpijfs;

jpU.tp.f. – fpwp];Jtpd; mUs; Ntl;ly; - VR fpwp];J 2. jpahF - ,aw;if vOJk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; 3. N[hrg; Nehay; ,Ujauh[; -kjiy Nkhp Ngrpdhy; (kWnkhop) 4.eph;kyh RNu\; - ijyr; rpkpOk; jr;rd; kfDk; - xl;lfk;> kPd;> fly;> cz;bay;> Kg;gJ nts;spf; fhRfs;> rpYit> fy;yiw

16

myF 4 Gidfijfs; - Gjpdk; - kPjp ,Us;; - mUik ehafk; -

rpWfij –Mh;.v];.N[f;fg; - xypf;ftpy;iy> 2.Irf; mUikuh[d; - rpiy 3.eph;kyh Ngl;hpf; - epahaq;fs; Njhw;gjpy;iy 4.b.Nfhapy;tuk; - Xl;lk; 5. ];tPl;ypd; gpughfud; - ahh; fhuzk;> 6. gphpah n[arPyd; - tpopfs;> 7. Fkhunry;th

– fpzW> 8. Nltpl; rpj;ijah – mbikapd; mbik myF 5

ciueil -ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; - &j;jpd; rhpj;jpuk; (gth;

nkhopngah;g;G) – fl;Liufs; -rNuh[pdp ghf;fpaKj;J -1. tptpypa %yk; 2. trd eilapd; njhlf;fk; 3. nfhLe;jkpo; 4. Gjpa xsp 5. fpwp];jtKk; jkpOk;

ghh;it E}y;fs; jkpo;f; fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpa tuyhW – Mrpatpay; epWtdk; nrd;id> fpwpj;jtf; fPh;j;jidfs; - rp.vy;.v];. gjpg;G nrd;id> jkpopyf;fpa tuyhW – ghhp epiyak; - nrd;id> fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpaj;jpwd; - fPh;j;jdh gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id> – jkpo;f; fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpa tsk; - Ky;iy epiyak; - nrd;id> jpah& ftpijfs; - n[ah gg;spNf\d;]; jpUney;Ntyp> ijyr;rpkpOk; jr;rd; kfDk; - ,jak; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id. - Mjpahfkf; fhtpak; - Kidth; r.rhkpKj;J> ftpQh;fspd; tho;f;ifapy; fPh;j;jidfs; -Nr.Re;juuhrd; fpwpj;jt newpj;njhif mUzfphp ehjh;> tptpypaKk; jkpOk; - kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp> fpwpj;jtj; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; - Xh; mwpKfk; Mrpahtpy; fpwpj;jt ,yf;fpa tuyhW - ,uh.MNuhf;fparhkp> ghpRj;j Ntjhfkk; - ,e;jpa Ntjhfk rq;fk;> nrd;id> jpUtptpypak; - nghJ nkhopngah;g;G - ,e;jpa Ntjhfk rq;fk; - nrd;id.

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17

Kjy;gUtk; - jhs; 5 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs; jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM1:1 ehl;Lg;Gwtpay;

Nehf;fk; : jkpoupd; ehl;Lg;Gw ,aiy mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;

myF1 : ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; – tpsf;fk; – ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; tuyhW , ehl;Lg;Gw ,yf;fpa tiffs; – fiyfs; – rlq;Ffs; – ek;gpf;iffs;.

myF 2 : ehl;Lg;Gw ,yf;fpaq;fs; – ghly;fs; – tiffs; – fijfs; – fijg;ghly;fs; – tpLfijfs; – gonkhopfs;.

myF 3 : epfo;j;J fiyfSk; nghUl;fiyfSk; – epfo;j;J fiyfs; – njUf;$j;J – cLf;fbg; ghl;L – ghitf;$j;J – fufk; – nghk;kyhl;lk; – xapyhl;lk;.

myF 4 : gpwg;G Kjy; ,wg;G tiuapyhd rlq;Ffs; – gof;f tof;fq;fs; – ek;gpf;iffs; – Neu;j;jpf; fld;fs;.

myF 5 : ehl;Lg;Gw nja;tq;fs; – topghL – gz;biffs; – tpohf;fs; – Cu;g;nghJ epfo;Tfs; – tPl;L nja;tq;fs; – ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; Ma;Tfs; – Nrfupg;Gg; gzpfs; – tsu;r;rp epiy - Nfhl;ghLfs;.

ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.Y}u;J Nj. – ehl;lhu; tof;fhw;wpay; , kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk; , nrd;id

2.rz;KfRe;juk; – ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; , fht;ah , nrd;id

3.rf;jpNty; R. – ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; Ma;Tfs;,kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;nrd;id. 4.,uhkehjd;MW– ehl;LGwtpay;Ma;TKiwfs;, jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofk; , jQ;rhT+u; 5. ngUkhs; V.vd;. – ehl;Lg;Gw fiyfs; , cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk;. 6.NrhkRe;juk; r. – ehl;Lg;Gw ,yf;fpaq;fspy; 7.ciog;Nghu; epiyAk; cupikf; FuYk;,nropafk; ntspaPL, jpUr;rp –17

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18

rpyg;gjpfhuk;

Kjy;gUtk; - jhs; 5 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs; jhs; FwpaPL -P15TM1:2

myF1 : fhg;gpaj; Njhw;wk;, fhg;gpa ,yf;fzk; fhg;gpaf;fl;Lf;Nfhg;G,mikg;G,cj;jpfs; ghj;jpug;gilg;G rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; fhyk;, rKjhar; #oy; – rq;f ,yf;fpaj; jhf;fk;

myF 2 : Gfhu;f; fhz;lk;

myF 3 : kJiuf; fhz;lk;

myF 4 : tQ;rpf; fhz;lk;

myF 5 : rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; , jkpo;f;fhg;gpaq;fspy; rpyg;gjpfhuk; ngWk; ,lk; , rpyg;gjpfhuk; Fwpj;j rpwg;G Ma;thsu;fSk;,Ma;TfSk; - v];.itahGupg;gps;is, r.Nt.Rg;gpukzpad;> fh. nry;yg;gd; , nj.ngh.kPdhl;rp Re;jud; , jpUNkdp> g.mUzhr;ryk; , khu;f;fge;J ru;kh , t.Rg. khzpf;fk; , K.tujuhrdhu;.

ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.c.Nt.rh. (gjpg;G) , rpyg;gjpfhuk; , c.Nt.rh.E}y;epiyag; gjpg;G.

2.fp.th.[fe;ehjd; , jkpo;f;fhg;gpaq;fs; , mKj epiyak; , nrd;id.

3.m. gQ;rhq;fk; , rpyg;gjpfhuj; jpwdha;Tfs; - xU ghu;it, md;dk; ypkpnll; , rptfq;if, 1993. 4. K.tujuhrdhu; , ,sq;Nfhtbfs; , ghupepiyak; , nrd;id.

5. K.tujuhrdhu; , khjtp , ghupepiyak;, nrd;id.

6. khu;f;fge;J ru;kh , rpyk;gpy;; urid, nrd;id.

7. khu;f;fge;J ru;kh , rpyk;gpy; ghapuk;, nrd;id.

8. khu;f;fge;J ru;kh , rpyk;gpy; nfhbfs;, nrd;id.

9. khu;f;fge;J ru;kh , rpyk;gpy; G+f;fs;, nrd;id.

10.nj.ngh.kP. fhdy; tup.

11.nj.ngh.kP. Fbkf;fs; fhg;gpak; .

12.r.Nt. Rg;ukzpad; , rpyk;gpy; guy;fs;.

13.r.Nt. Rg;ukzpad; , ,yf;fpaf; fdTfs;.

14.r.Nt. Rg;ukzpad; , rpyk;Gk; rpe;jhkzpAk;.

15.v];.itahGupg;gps;is , fhtpa fhyk;

16.t.Rg.khzpf;fk; , ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs;

19

17.t.Rg.khzpf;fk; , ve;jr; rpyk;G

18.Nfhtpe;jd; , rpyg;gjpfhuk; 11 Mk; E}w;whz;Lf; fhg;gpak;

19. md;dp jhkR , rpyk;nghyp Kjy; ,sq;Nfh tiu (cyfj;jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk; , nrd;id) 20. r.Nt.Rg;ukzpad; , ,sq;Nfhtbfspd; ,yf;fpaj;jpwd; (cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk; , nrd;id)

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20

,uz;lhk;gUtk; - jhs; 6 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM205

njhy;fhg;gpak; - nrhy;yjpfhuk; - Nrdhtiuah;; ciu

Nehf;fk; : khztu;fSf;Fr; nrhy; - njhlu; gw;wpa mbg;gil

,yf;fzg; Gyikia Nkk;gLj;Jjy; ciuia xl;bg; ghlk; elj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. Nju;T tpdhf;fs;

(Nrdhtiuah;) ciuapypUe;J mikayhfhJ.

myF 1 : fpstpahf;fk;

myF 2 : Ntw;Wikapay; , Ntw;Wik kaq;fpay; , tpspkuG

myF 3 : ngaupay; , tpidapay;

myF 4 : ,ilapay; , cupapay;

myF 5 : vr;rtpay;

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21

,uz;lhk;gUtk; - jhs; 7 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM206

,f;fhyf; ftpij ,yf;fpak;

Nehf;fk;:

,f;fhyf; ftpijapd; Nghf;FfisAk; ftpQh;fisAk; mwpKfk; nra;jy;.

myF 1: njhlf;f fhy GJkuG> Njrpa mofpay; ftpQh;fs;: ghujpahh;- Fapy;ghl;L: GJikg;gpj;jd; - njhopy;;; jpU.tp.f. – nghJik Ntl;ly; (KiwaPL gFjp)> ftpkzp – Nfhtpy; topghL;; Rj;jhde;j ghujpahh; - ghujrf;jp kfh fhtpak; (rpj;jhh;j;jd; - aNrhjiu ciuahly;) ng.J}ud; - fUf;fhpths;: fk;gjhrd; - flTSk; kdpjDk;;: fz;zjhrd; mtidj;J}q;ftpLq;fs;:jpUr;rpw;wk;gyf;ftpuhah;(njh.K.rp.uFehjd;) – xw;iwabg;ghij: k.ny.jq;fg;gh –vq;fs; tPl;L Nra;fs;.

myF 2: jpuhtpl> nghJTilik mofpay; ftpQh;fs;: ghujpjhrd; -

,Uz;ltPL: Rujh –Njd;kiy ftpijj; njhFjpapd; fyg;ig vd;w gFjp: thzpjhrd; -Nrhp : Kbaurd; - Fjpiu epidj;jhy;…? gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahzRe;juk; - fhL ntisal;Lk; nghz;Nz: jkpo;xspapd; ftpij – Nghuhlg; Gwg;gl;Nlhk;: K.fUzhepjp - gr;irf;fpsp : ,d;Fyhg; - nfhs;isf;fhuh;fs; vg;gb ,Ug;ghh;fs;: jzpifr; nry;td; - gwpj;jJ gwpKjyhFk;: ,sKUF – ntSg;Gf;fhhp: fUkiyj; jkpohod; - vd;d itj;Njhk;.

myF 3: vOj;J>thdk;ghb> rkfhy ,af;ff; ftpQHfs;:

e.gpr;r%h;j;jp – nfhf;F: Re;ju uhkrhkp – ke;juk;: eFyd; - vy;iyfs;: eh.fhkuhrd; - fhjpjg; G+f;fs; (jpUq;iffisg; gw;wpa ftpij): mg;Jy; uFkhd; -jtwhd vz;: mgp – uhg; gpr;irf;fhud;: GtpauR – xU Kf;fpa mwptpg;G: rpw;gp – Ks;..Ks;..Ks;. NjtNjtd; - $ohq;fw;fs;: kD\;aGj;jpud; - nghpa mtkhdj;jpw;Fg; gpwF: RFkhud; - ,q;Nf ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;: fhpfhyd; - tsh;r;rp: ghjrhhp – NgRk; tho;f;if: tpf;fpukhjpj;jpad;: ,e;j re;ijapy; eP> kFNl];tud; -griy Kw;wpa jiytp: Mjtd; jPl;rz;ah – vd; ngah; uhZtd;: mofpa nghpatd; - gwitfSld; NgRjy;

22

myF 4: ngz; ftpQh;fs;- G+uzp –gazk;: kPdhl;rp –ghid NgRfpwJ: Rgj;uh – xU epkplk;: Rfe;jp Rg;gpukzpak; - tpopg;G: ntz;zpyh – ez;gd; fztdhd NghJ: Njd;nkhop – mehjp fhyk;: khyjpikj;hp –epwk; khWk; jpiur;rPiyfs; : jkpor;rp –vQ;Nrhl;Lg; ngz;: ,sk;gpiw – mg;ghtpd; ifnaOj;J: itifr;nry;tp – fhl;]py;yh: Mz;lhs; gphpajh;\pdp – epyhr;NrhW: ry;kh – ehdpy;yhj mtdJ cyfk;: jpyftjp – Kw;Wk;: fdpnkhop –– fUtiw thrid: nghd;kzp ituKj;J – jFjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;: re;jpuh – eide;J rpte;j Njrk;: rf;jp N[hjp – kzy; ,y;yhj MW

myF 5: ghpNrhjid Kaw;rp ftpij tbtq;fs;:- FWk;ghf;fs;> i`f;$> ypkhpf;> nrd;wpA.

FWk;ghf;fs;: t.Rg;igah – tPl;ilf; fl;bj; Njhl;lk;…> gpukps; -fhtpak;> Qhdf;$j;jd; - gpur;rid: rp.kzp – jPh;T: ntw;wpr; nry;td; - ehq;fs;?: ghiyepytd; - gwitiar; Rl;lhh;fs;> `hpfpU\;zd; - efuntz;gh

i`f;$: kh muq;fehjd; - es;sputpy; thq;fpNdhk;: kpj;uh – Viof; Fbir> fPo;r;rhjpf;fhud;> ghN\h – ney;tay;> fhj;jpUe;J

ypnkhpf;: kfhftp – nrhe;jj;jpy; fhh;> FNyhj;Jq;fd;. nrd;wpA: fhua; nrd;wpA – md;G nrYj;j> kpd;dy;>

cgNjrk;: fy;ahz;[p - ,lg;ngah;r;rp> fyhg;gphpah – me;jpf; fUf;fypy;

Gyk;ngah; ftpijfs; : epNuh\h - ,NaRTf;F xU kly;: rd;khh;f;fhh; - xU jhapd; Gyk;gy; : jPgr;nry;td; - Ml;fsw;w efuj;ijj; jpd;w kpUfk;

nkhopngah;g;Gf; ftpijfs;: Nuh];Nkhp – gdpkiyapy; cUthFk; mUtp (kiyahsk;): nrugz;lh[P – ma;ah vq;fs; rhjp vJ? (njYq;F): ,Nuhk; rh;kpsh – ijhpakhf ,U rNfhjhp (kzpg;G+h;): ie[Phpah – rphpf;ff; fw;Wf;nfhL kfNd: mnkhpf;fh – fWg;G VRehjh;: k`;%j; jh;tP]; - kz;zpd; ftpij (ghy];jPdk;).

ghh;it E}y;fs; : 1. kz;zpy; njhpAJ thdk; - rpw;gp

ghyRg;ukzpak;> jh.Nt.tPurhkp (njhFg;G Mrphpah;fs;) rh`pj;jpa mfhnjkp ntspaPL

2. rpw;wfy; - G+kh <];tu%h;j;jp (njhFg;G Mrphpah;) 3. ngay; kzf;Fk; nghOJ – kq;if (njhFg;ghrphpah;)>

khw;W ntspaPL nrd;id 4. miwf;Fs; te;j Mg;gphpf;f thdk; - ,e;jpud;

nkhopngah;g;G ftpijfs; 5. mt;tg;NghJ gwpj;j mf;fiug; G+f;fs; - t.fPjh 6. v];.tp.uh[Jiu(nkhopngah;g;G ftpijfs;)>

milahsk; ntspaPL> Gj;jh ej;jk;> kzg;ghiw

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,uz;lhk;gUtk; - jhs; 8 gf;jp ,yf;fpak ; jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM207

Nehf;fk; - irth;fs;> itzth;fs;> ,Ryhkpah;fs;> fpwpj;jth;fs; MfpNahh; gf;jp ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F mspj;j gq;fpid khzth;fSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy; - mth;fs; jk; gf;jp jpwidg; Gyg;gLj;Jjy;- mjd; top ,r;rkaq;fspd; jdpj;jd;ikfisg; ghlg;gFjpapd; topahf mwpar; gf;jp ,yf;fpaj;jpd; thapyhfr; rKjha epiyia mwpar;nra;jy; myF 1 : rk;ge;jh; Njthuk; -%d;whk; jpUKiw – jpUntw;wpA+h; gjpfk; - tpilatd;tpz;Zk; kz;Zk; - 11 ghly;fs; - jpUgpuk;kGuk; - NjhLila nrtpad; - 11 ghly;fs; - Re;juh; Njthuk; - Vohk; jpUKiw – jpUg;ghr;rpyhrpukk; jyr;rpwg;G – itj;jd; jdf;Nf -12 ghly;fs; -

jpUntz;nza;ey;Y}h; - gpj;jh gpiw#b10ghly;fs; jpUehTf;furh; Njthuk; - jpUtjpif tPul;lhdk; gjpfk; - $w;whapdthW tpyf;fPdph; -10 ghly;fs; - nrhy;khiy – VJk; xd;Wk; mwptpyh; - 8 ghly;fs; jpUthrfk; - mr;Nrhg;gjpfk; - Kj;jpnewp mwpahj – 9ghly;fs; - milf;fyg;gj;J – nrOf;fkyj; jpus; -10 ghly;fs; (nkhj;jk; 81 ghly;fs;)

myF2 : nghpaho;thh; - ehyhapuj; jpt;a gpuge;jk;; - jpUj;jhyhl;L- khzpf;fq; fl;b tapuk; ,ilf;fl;b -10 ghly;fs; - Mz;lhs; ghRuq;fs; - fw;G+uk; ehWNkh fkyg;G+ ehWNkh- 10 – ghly;fs; - kJuftpaho;thh; -fz;zp Ez; rpWj;jhk;gpdhy; -11 ghly;fs; - FyNrfuho;thh; - CNdW nry;tj;J – 10 ghly;fs; myF 3 – jpUtUl;gh – njhFjp -2- ngUtpz;zg;gk; - ,Ushh; kdj;Nj -10 ghly;fs; - rpW tpz;zg;gk; - gz;zhy;cd;

mUs; Gfio -10 ghly;fs; - jhAkhdth; - fhz;NgNdh vd; fz;zp – 37 ghly;fs;

myF 4 nghpa Guhzk; - nka;g;nghUs; ehadhh; Guhzk;> jpUtpisahly; Guhzk; -Fz;NlhjuDf;F cztpl;l glyk;; myF 5 – fPh;j;jidg; Gijay; - 5 ghly;fs;> 1. fhgphpNay; - Mjp Fkhud;…(17) 2. ghf;aehjd; - VR ehkky;yhJ –(76) . 3. khpahd; cgNjrpah; - Re;ju gukNjtd; - (86)> 4. fpUl;bzg;gps;is – kz; caph; njhFjp <lNw – (86) 5.khrpyhkzp ma;ah; - rkakpJ ey;y rkak; - (97)>

,Ryhk; - Nghpd;g khiy – nra;FKfkJ ghtyh; rkurf;ftpfs; KOtJk;> ,ul;rz;a kNdhfuk; - fpUl;bzg;gps;is – Xjpa RUjp -13 ghly;fs;> ifail

gjpfk; - tpRthrf; fhl;rp – fs;sKWk; filNaWk; -10 ghly;fs;.

24

ghh;;it E}y;fs;

1. Re;juh; Njthuk; 7-Mk; jpUKiw – ckh gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 2. jpUehTf;furh; Njthuk; – ckh gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 3. rk;ge;jh; Njthuk; – ckh gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 4. khzpf;fthrfh; jpUthrfk; – ckh gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 5. ehyhapuj;jpt;a gpuge;jk; - fofg;gjpg;G 6. jpUtUl;gh – mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fof ntspaPL 7. nghpaGuhzk; - fofg; gjpg;G 8. fpwp];jt fPh;j;jidfs; - rp.vy;.v];.ntspaPL 9. ,ul;;rz;a kNdhfuk; - rp.vy;.v];.ntspaPL 10. Nghpd;g khiy – nra;F KfkJ ghtyh;> kzpthrfh; gjpg;gfk ; 11. jpUtpisahly; Guhzk; - fofg; gjpg;G

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,uz;lhk;gUtk; - jhs; 10 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM2E1

jkpof ehfupfKk; gz;ghLk; ED-1 Nehf;fk; : jkpouJ ehfupfj;ijAk; , gz;ghl;ilAk; khztu;fSf;Ff; fw;gpj;jy;. jkpou;fspd; murpay; , nghUshjhu , r%f tuyhW gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy;.fhye;NjhWk; khw;wk; ngw;W tsu;e;J tUk; jkpou;fspd; gz;ghl;Lr; nrOikiag; Gupe;J nfhs;Sjy;. gad; : jkpou;fspd; tuyhW , gz;ghLfis czu;e;J nfhs;Sjy; gz;ghl;Lr; rPu;ikfisg; guhkupj;J tsu;j;jy;>

ehl;Lg;gw;W , nkhopg;gw;W NgZjy; rpwe;j Fbkf;fis cUthf;Fjy;

myF1

: ehfupfk; - gz;ghL – nrhw;nghUs; tpsf;fk; , gz;ilj; jkpou; tho;tpay; - mfk; - fsT , fw;G , FLk;gk; , tpUe;Njhk;gy; , cwT Kiwfs; rlq;Ffs; , ek;gpf;iffs; , nghOJ Nghf;F , Gwk; - Nghu;Kiwfs; - eLfy; topghL – nfhilg; gz;G fy;tp epiy.

myF 2 : jkpou; fiyfs; : fl;llk; , rpw;gk; - Xtpak; - ,ir - $j;J – xg;gid – Mil – mzpkzpfs;

myF 3 : jkpou; rka tho;T – irtk; - itztk; - rkzk; - ngsj;jk; - fpwpj;jtk; - ,Ryhk; - ntspg;gLj;Jk; gz;ghL.

myF 4 : jkpou; murpay; - muR mikg;G – Ml;rp Kiw – cs;ehl;L tzpfk; , ntspehl;L tzpfk; , tup tiffs; - ehzaq;fs; - ePjp Kiw.

myF 5 : jkpo;g; gz;ghl;by; Mq;fpNyau; jhf;fk; - gz;ghl;Lj; jhf;fk; - murpay; epu;thf Kiw – fy;tp tsu;r;rpfs; - jkpo;g; gz;ghl;by; gpw gz;ghLfspd; Clhl;lk;.

26

ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.jl;rpzh%u;j;jp m , jkpou; ehfupfKk; gz;ghLk;, Ie;jpizg; gjpg;gfk; nrd;id, Kjw;gjpg;G – 1994. 2. NjtNeag;ghthdu; Qh – goe;jkpou; ehfupfKk; gz;ghLk;, jkpo;kz; gjpg;gfk; , nrd;id. 3. gps;is Nf.Nf. – jkpof tuyhW – kf;fSk; gz;ghLk; cyfj;jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk; , nrd;id , ehd;fhk; gjpg;G, 2003. 4. ,uhk fpUl;bzd; M – jkpof tuyhWk; jkpou; gz;ghLk;, ru;Nthja ,yf;fpag; gz;iz , kJiu. 5. gf;jtr;ry ghujp , gz;ghl;L khdpltpay; , kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;, nrd;id. 6.mwthzd; f.g. – jkpou; jk; ,yf;fpak; , gz;ghL, murpay;, fy;tp jkpo;f;Nfhl;lk; , GJr;Nrup. 7. nry;tk; Nt.jp. – jkpof tuyhWk; gz;ghLk; , kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;, nrd;id , ehd;fhk; gjpg;G – 2003. 8.kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp – jkpou; tsu;j;j moFf; fiyfs;, kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;, nrd;id, Kjw;gjpg;G – 2004 .

9.itj;jpaypq;fd; nr – jkpo;g; gz;ghl;L tuyhW , mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf; fofk; , mz;zhkiy efu; , Kjw;gjpg;G – 1997.

10. tujuhrd; nt – jkpoupd; xg;gidf; fiyj;jpwd; , jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fof ntspaPL , jQ;rhT+u;,Kjw;gjpg;G – 1986

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,uz;lhk;gUtk; - jhs; 11 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs ; jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM2:1

xg;gPl;L Nehf;fpy; cyfr; nrk;nkhopfs ; Nehf;fk; : jkpo;r; nrk;nkhop E}y;fSld; cyfr; nrk;nkhop

E}y;fspd; jd;ikfisAk; , gz;GfisAk; xg;gPl;L Nehf;fy;. jkpo;r; nrk;nkhop E}y;fspy; ntspg;gLk; fUj;Jf;fspd; Ntu;fis ,f;fhyr; nray;fspy; fz;lwpjy;.

myF1 : cyfr; nrk;nkhop tuyhW (fpNuf;fk; - ,yj;jPd; - jkpo;

, <GU – mNugpak; - rPdk; - rk];fpUjk;) myF 2 : cyfr; nrk;nkhopfspy; ,yf;fpaq;fs; (fpNuf;fk; -

,yj;jPd; - jkpo; , <GU – mNugpak; - rPdk; - rk];fpUjk;)

myF 3 : cyfr; nrk;nkhopfspd; njhifahf;fq;fs; (fpNuf;fk; - ,yj;jPd; - jkpo; , <GU – mNugpak; - rPdk; - rk];fpUjk;)

myF 4 : cyfr; nrk;nkhop ,yf;fpag; ghLnghUl;fs; - fpNuf;f ifaW epiy , fhjy; , tPuk; jkpo; ( mfk; - Gwk; mwE}y;fs; jj;Jtk; ) <GU (Ntjhfk newpfs;) , mNugpak; (tha;nkhopf; fij kuGfs;) rPdk; (murpay; jj;Jtk;) , rk];fpUjk; (,iwtd; topghL , gq;F> ePjp)

myF 5 : xg;gPl;L Nehf;fpy; cyfr; nrk;nkhopfs; - nghJj;jd;ikfs;

ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.tha;nkhop kuG , ghz;kuG> tPuu;fs; gz;Gfs; ifaWepiy

(fpNuf;f – jkpo; - ,yj;jPd; xg;gPL) 2.njhy;fhg;gpa nghUsjpfhuk; mup];lhl;bypd; ftpijapaYk;

(jkpo; - fpNuf;fk; xg;gPL)

3.fij kuGfs; ,jpfhrq;fs; rpyk;G , kzpNkfiy (jkpo; rk];fpUjk; fpNuf;fk;)

4.rPdu; fd;gpA+rpa]; mwnewpfSk; jpUts;StuJ mwnewpfSk;.

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,uz;lhk;gUtk; - jhs; 11 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM2:2

mfuhjpapay;

Nehf;fk; : nkhop , ,yf;fzk; , ,yf;fpak; Mfpatw;iwf;

fw;gjw;F mfuhjpfs; JizahFk; tpjj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;sy; , nkhopapy; nrhw;nghUs; tsk; mwpjy;.

myF1 : mfuhjpapay; tuyhW – mfuhjpapd; mikg;G –

tiuaiw – nrhw;nghUs; - mfuhjpapaYk; nkhopapaYk; - mfuhjpfs; tuyhW - ,yf;fzKk; mfuhjpaYk; - jkpo; mfuhjp kuGfs; - cupr;nrhy; - epfz;L – fiyf;fsQ;rpak; - fhye;NjhWk; mfuhjpfs;

myF 2 : nrhw;nghUz;ikapay; nrhy; - nghUs; - Nfhl;ghLfs; - nrhw;fspd; tiffs; - xU nghUl;nrhy; , gy;nghUl;nrhy; - nghUl;Nfhl;ghl;L tiffs; - fUj;Jg; nghUs; - Fwpg;Gg; nghUs; , mfuhjpapy; ,it ngWkplk;

myF 3 : mfuhjpapay; , epfz;Lfspd; Njhw;wk; – tsu;r;rp – tuyhW – epfz;Lf; fy;tp – epfz;Lfspd; mikg;G – Nehf;fk; , gad;ghL – gy;NtW epfz;Lfs; – jpthfuk; , #lhkzp – Nghy;td

myF 4 : mfuhjp cUthf;fk; , mfuhjpapy; jiyr;nrhy; mikg;G – tbtk; – nrhw;fs; - njupT – gjpT – mfutupir mikg;G – vOj;Jg; ngau;g;G – cr;rupg;G – ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G – %ytbtk; – Nkw;Nfhs; mikg;G – nrhy; , nghUs; tupir Kiw – gad;ghl;Lf; Fwpg;Gfs;

myF 5 : mfuhjp tiffs; , nkhop mfuhjpfs; - xU nkhop ,U nkhop gd;nkhop mfuhjpfs; - rpwg;Gg; ngau; mfuhjpfs; - tl;lhu fhy tiuaiw mfuhjpfs; - xg;gpay; mfuhjp – kpd;dZ mfuhjpfs; - Gjpa tifg;ghLfs;.

29

ghu;it E}y;fs; : mfuhjpapay; , ng.khijad; , jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofk; , jQ;rhT+u;.

jkpo; mfuhjpf;fiy , njhFg;Gf; fiy , Re;jurz;Kfdhu; , nka;ag;gd; jkpoha;tk; , rpjk;guk;.

mfuhjpf; fiy , j.Nt. tPurhkp , jkpo;g; Gj;jfhyak; , nrd;id.

jkpo; epfz;Lfs; tuyhw;Wg; ghu;it (cUt cs;slf;f Ma;T)

ng.khijad; , jkpo;g;gy;fiyf;fofk; , jQ;rhT+h;.

jpthfu epfz;L (,U njhFjpfs;) K.rz;Kfg;gps;is ,

,.Re;jpu%u;j;jp (g.M) , nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk;.

jkpo; mfuhjpapay; tsu;r;rp tuyhW , t.nraNjtd; ,

Ie;jpizg;gjpg;gfk; , nrd;id.

nghUz;ikapay; , nr.rz;Kfd; ,

midj;jpe;jpa jkpo;nkhopapaw;fofk; , mz;zhkiy efu;.

An introduction to Lexicography, R.A.Singh , CHL, Mysore.

Manuel of Lexicography, L.Zqusta et al., Mauton, The Hague History

of Tamil Dictionary – Cre A , Chennai ,

gpq;fy jpthfu #lhkzp epfz;Lfs; mfuhjp – rhe;jp

rhjdh ntspaPL , nrd;id.

cUr;nrhy; epfz;L – rhe;jp rhjdh ntspaPL , nrd;id.

tuyhw;W Kiw ,yf;fpag; Ngufuhjp , 5 njhFjpfs; ,

rhe;jp rhjdh ntspaPL, nrd;id.

kuGj; njhlu; mfuhjp – f;upah ntspaPL , nrd;id.

jkpo;f; fy;ntl;Lr; nrhy; mfuhjp

kJiug; Ngufuhjp – re;jpah gjpg;gfk; , nrd;id

rJu; mfuhjp – tPukhKdptu; - re;jpah gjpg;gfk; , nrd;id.

jkpopy; epfz;Lfs; , Kidtu; kh.rw;Fzk; , nre;jkpo;f; fy;Y}up , kapyk;

Mq;fpyk; - jkpo; mfuhjp – uhl;yu; - cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk; , nrd;id.

itzt ciueil tuyhw;W Kiw , jkpo; Ngufuhjp , 3 njhFjpfs; ,

rhe;jp rhjdh ntspaPL , nrd;id.

jw;fhyj; jkpo; mfuhjp - f;upah ntspaPL , nrd;id.

jkpo; Mq;fpyk; mfuhjp , nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk; , nrd;id.

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%d;whk;gUtk; - jhs; 12 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM308

njhy;fhg;gpak; - nghUsjpfhuk;

,sk;G+uzk; - Kjy; Ie;J ,ay;fs;

Nguhrpupau; - vQ;rpa %d;W ,ay;fs;

Nehf;fk; : njhy;fhg;gpag; nghUsjpfhu ,yf;fpaf; nfhs;iffisf; fUj;jbg;gilapy; tpsf;Fjy;. ciuia xl;b ghlk; elj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk; . Nju;Ttpdhf;fs; ciuapypUe;J mikayhfhJ. myF1 : mfj;jpizapay;

myF 2 : Gwj;jpizapay; myF 3 : fstpay; , fw;gpay; myF 4 : nghUspay; , nka;g;ghl;bay; myF 5 : ctkapay; , kugpay; ______________________________________________________________

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%d;whk;gUtk; - jhs; 13 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM309

mw ,yf;fpaq;fs; - gjpnzd; fPo;f;fzf;F Nehf;fk; : jkpou;jk; ePjp ,yf;fpaq;fs; %ykhf vLj;jpak;gg;gl;l

gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fisAk;>MSik Nkk;ghl;bw;Fupa mwf;fUj;Jf;fisAk;> Gupe;Jnfhs;SjYk; gad; ngWjYk;.

myF1 : jpUf;Fws; nghUl;ghy; mjpfhuk; 39 Kjy; 70 tiu

(,iwkhl;rp – kd;diur; Nru;e;njhOjy;) myF 2 : ehybahu; - el;gpay; - Rw;we;johy; , el;ghuha;jy; ,

el;gpy; gpio nghWj;jy; , $lh el;G (40 ghly;fs;) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp – rpwe;j gj;J , mwpTg;gj;J , gopahg;gj;J (30 ghly;fs;)

myF 3 : gonkhop ehD}W - Kaw;rp 149 – 161 (12 ghly;fs;) - fUkk; Kbj;jy; 162 – 176 (15 ghly;fs;) - Vyhjp 41 – 60 (20 ghly;fs;)

myF 4 : ,d;dh ehw;gJ Kjy; 15 ghly;fs; Mrhuf;Nfhit – Kjy; 20 ghly;fs;

myF 5 : ehd;kzpf;fbif – Kjy; 20 ghly;fs; rpWgQ;r %yk; - Kjy; 20 ghly;fs; jpupfLfk; - Kjy; 10 ghly;fs;

ghu;it E}y;fs; : gjpnzd; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;

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%d;whk;gUtk; - jhs; 14 jhs; FwpaPL - P16TM310 Kw;wpYk; Gjpjhf ,j;jhs; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ

,e;jpa nkhopfSk; etPd ,yf;fpaq;fSk;

Nehf;fk;:

nkhop> ,yf;fpak; topahf ,e;jpa epyg;gug;ig ClWj;J mjd; fhyntspfspy; gazpf;Fk; mDgtj;ij khzth;fSf;F Vw;gLj;Jjy;> mjw;fhf ,j;Jizf; fz;lj;jpd; jpirnaq;Fk; gutpAs;s kf;fspd; gz;ghL fyhr;rhuk;> gof;ftof;fk;> ek;gpf;iffs; Mfpatw;iwg; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; Njit xt;nthUf;Fk; mtrpakhdJ. mjidg; ngWtjw;Fhpa rhj;jpakhd vspa topfspy; xd;Wjhd; ,yf;fpag;gapw;rp. ,jidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L Kjy; myfhf ,e;jpa nkhopfs; gw;wpa mwpKfj;ij itj;J . gpw ehd;F myFfspy; tl> njd;dpe;jpaGyj;jpy; tsh;j;Js;s etPd ,yf;fpa tiffshd ehty;> ftpij>rpWfij> ehlfk;> Kjypatw;iw ,yf;fpa tuyhWfspd; %ykhf mwpKfkhf;fpf; fw;gJ vd;w tifapy; ,j;jhs;mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. myF 1 : ,e;jpa nkhopfs; gw;wp xU Kd;Diu - ,e;jpa ,yf;fpak; mjd; nghJikfs; - ,e;jpahtpd; gioa nkhopfs; (rk];fpUjk;>gpuhfpUjk;> mggpuk;r nkhopfs;> ghyp> jkpo;) – etPd ,e;jpa nkhopfs; (mrhkp> xhpah>

tq;fhsp> F[uhj;jp> kuhl;b> fh\;kPhp>gQ;rhgp> rpe;jp> `pe;jp> cUJ) – jpuhtpl nkhopfs; (fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> njYq;F)

myF 2: tq;f kuhl;b> `pe;jp> cUJ ,yf;fpa tuyhW kpf RUf;fkhd mwpKfk; - tq;fhsk; - utpe;jpuehj;jh$hpd; fPjhQ;ryp>kuhj;jp –tp.];.fhz;Nlfhpd;aahjp ehty;> `pe;jp - `pe;jp rpWfijfs;njhFg;G: i[Nde;jpu Fkhh;(Kjy; gj;J fijfs; kl;Lk;)cUJ – kz;l;Nlh rpWfij (filrp ry;Al;> FU%f; rpq;fpd; filrp tpUg;gk;)

myF 3: etPdf;fd;dl ,yf;fpa tuyhW kpf RUf;fkhd mwpKfk; - fphp\; fh;dhl;bd; Jf;sf; ehlfk;> A.Mh;. mde;j %h;j;jpapd; rk;];fhuh ehty; myF 4: etPd kiyahs ,yf;fpa tuyhW kpf RUf;fkhd mwpKfk; itf;fk; Kfk;kJ g\Phpd; - ghj;Jkhtpd; MLk;> ,sk; gUtj;J NjhopAk; FWq;fij> jfop rptrq;fud; gps;isapd; Njhl;bapd; kfd; ehty; myF 5: etPdj; njYq;F ,yf;fpa tuyhW kpf RUf;fkhd mwpKfk; - njYq;Fr; rpWfijfs; njhFg;G b.uhkypq;fk; ( Kjy; Ie;J fijfs; kl;Lk;)> lhf;lh; ]p.ehuhaznul;b> MUj;uh ftpijfs;.

33

ghlj;jpl;l E}y;fs; 1. f.G+uzr;re;jpud; - ,e;jpa nkhopfs; Xh; mwpKfk;> epNtjpjh ey;tho;T> fy;tp mwf;fl;lis> 15> tq;fpah; FbapUg;G> Fkud;efh;> jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp-17. 2. V.[p.Ntq;flhr;rhhp - ,d;iwa ,e;jpa ,yf;fpak; (tq;f>kuhl;b>`pe;jp>cUJ ,yf;fpa tuyhw;Wg; gFjpfs;) rhfpj;jpamfhnjkp>jiyikmYtyfk;:utPe;jpugtd;>35> ngNuh];\hrhiy> GJjpy;yp – 110001. 3. rptrq;fhp - ,yf;fpak; %yk; ,e;jpa ,izg;G> Kjy;njhFg;G: njd;dp;e;jpankhopfs;> jpUkfs; epiya> 55> ntq;fl; ehuhazh rhiy> jp.efh;> nrd;id-17 4. `pe;jpr; rpWfijfs; njhFg;G: i[Nde;jpuFkhh;>jkpohf;fk;: ru];tjp uhk;ehj;rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkp> jiyik mYtyfk;: utPe;jpu gtd; 35>ngNuh];\hrhiy> GJjpy;yp – 110001. 5.kz;Nlh gilg;Gfs; njhFg;Gk; nkhopngah;g;Gk; uhkhD[k; - epoy; ntspaPLnrd;id 6. fphp\; fh;dhl;bd; ehlfq;fs;> ghtz;zd; nkhopngah;g;G 7. rk;];fhu ehty;> milahsk; ntspaPL> Gj;jhej;jk;> kzg;ghiw 8. itf;fk; Kfk;kJ g\Phpd; fijfs;> Ne\dy; Gf; bu];l; ntspaPL> epA+ nly;yp 9. Njhl;bapd; kfd; - Re;ju uhkrhkp nkhopngah;g;G fhyr;RtL gjpg;gfk; ehfh;Nfhapy;

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34

%d;whk;gUtk; - jhs; 15 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM311

nkhopngau;g;gpay; Nehf;fk; : nkhopngau;g;Gf; Nfhl;ghLfis mwptJ – nkhopngau;g;G gapw;rp ngWtJ.

myF1 : nkhopngau;g;G tpsf;fk; - tiuaiw – tuyhW – Kaw;rp – tsu;r;rp

myF 2 : nkhopngau;g;G tiffs; - RUf;f (rhuhk;rk;) nkhopngau;g;G – Koik nkhopngau;g;G – jOty; nkhopngau;g;G – nkhopahf;fk; - mwptpay; nkhopg;ngau;g;G

myF 3 : nkhop ngau;g;ghsu; jFjpfs; - %d;W gbepiyfs; - gFg;gha;T – khw;Wjy; - nrk;ikahf;f nkhop ngau;g;gpd; mbg;gil

myF 4 : nkhopngau;g;Gf; Nfhl;ghLfs; - jd;ik – epfud; - nghUSk; eilAk; - gz;ghl;L tof;F – xyp ngau;g;G

myF 5 : fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk; - Kaw;rpfs; - newpKiwfs;-nkhopngau;g;Gg; gapw;rpfs;

ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.muzKWty; e , mkue;j;jh (njhFg;G) nkhopngau;g;Gf;fiy – ,d;W , ghit gg;spNf\d;]; , nrd;id.

2.re;jpud; tP , nkhopngau;g;gpay; mZFKiwfs; , mKj epiyak; nrd;id , 1999.

3.re;jpud; tP , nkhopngau;g;Gr; rpf;fy;fSk; jPu;TfSk; , uh[Fkhup ntspaPL , nrd;id , 1999.

4.rptfhkp r , nkhopngau;g;Gj; jkpo; , cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk;; , nrd;id.

5.gl;lhgpuhkd; fh , nkhopngau;g;G El;gq;fs; , aKid gjpg;gfk; , jpUtz;dhkiy , 1991.

6.NrJkzp kzpad; - nkhopngau;g;gpy; Nfhl;ghLfSk; - cj;jpfSk; , nrz;gfk; ntspaPL , kJiu.

7.R.rz;Kf NtyhAjk; , nkhopngau;gpay; , cyfj; jkpouha;r;rp epWtdk; , nrd;id.

8. rp.rptrz;Kfk; Nt. jahsd; , nkhopngau;gpay; , md;dk; rptfq;if.

9.K.tsu;kjp , nkhop ngau;g;Gf;fiy , jpUkfs; epiyak; , nrd;id.

10.f. G+uzr;re;jpud; , etPd nkhopngau;g;Gf; nfhs;iffs; , mfuk; , jQ;rhT+u;.

11.gh.,uh[;Fkhu; - mju;g;glahj;jy; (g.M) – nkhopngau;g;G rpf;fy;fSk; jPu;TfSk; - jkpoha;Tj;Jiw ntspaPL , jpUr;rp.

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35

%d;whk;gUtk; - jhs; 16 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs ; jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM3:1

%yE}ypy; khw;wk; ,y;iy gpd;tUk; cl; gFjpfs; ,j;jhspy; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fs; Nehf;fk; : jkpopd; ,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fisr; rpe;jid tuyhw;W mbg;gilapy; vLj;Jiuj;jy; myF 1 : ,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fs; : tpsf;fk; – mf ,af;fk; : tpsf;fk; – rq;f ,yf;fpak;> mw ,yf;fpak;>fhg;gpak;>rpw;wpyf;fpak; Nghd;w ,yf;fpatifikfspd; tbtkw;wfhuzpfs;. Gw,af;fk; : tpsf;fk; – r%f ,af;fq;fs; ,yf;fpaq;fspd; kPJ Vw;gLj;Jk; jhf;fk;. myF 2 : ,yf;fpaNehf;Frhu;e;j ,af;fq;fs;: nrt;tpay;>gf;jp ,af;fk;> elg;gpay;>Gidtpay;. myF 3 : tbtk; rhu;e;j ,af;fq;fs; : gbktpay;>FwpaPl;bak;> ,Uz;ikthjk;>gpd;mikg;gpay;thjk; myF 4 :rPu;jpUj;j ,af;fq;fs;: khu;f;]pak;>fhe;jpak;>ngupahupak;> etPdj;Jtk;. myF 5 :jypj;jpak;>ngz;zpak;>gpd;etPdj;Jtk;>gpw;fhydpak;>muthzpak;. ghu;it E}y;fs; : 1.,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fs; - e . gpr;rKj;J , rf;jp ntspaPL , nrd;id. 2.gpd; etPdj;Jtk; - vk;.[p.RNu\;. 3.gpd; etPdj;Jtk; - gpNuk; uNk\;.

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36

%d;whk;gUtk; - jhs; 16 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs; jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM3:2

xg;gpyf;fpak;

Nehf;fk ; : jkpo; nkhopastpy; khztu;fspd; rpe;jid mwpT Njq;fptplhky; gpw cyf ,yf;fpaq;fis mwpjYk; Gupe;J nfhs;sYk; - khztu;fsplk; nkhopf; fho;g;Gzu;it ePf;Fjy; - xg;gpyf;fpaf; fy;tp %yk; cyf xUikg;ghl;L czu;itj; J}z;Ljy; - gy;NtW nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fisr; Ritg;gjw;Fj; jilahf cs;s FWfpa vz;zq;fis ePf;fp kdij tprhyg;gLj;jy;.

myF1 : xg;gpyf;fpak; vd;w njhluhf;fKk; nghUs; tpsf;fKk; ,

xg;gpyf;fpaj;jpd; gz;Gk; gaDk; - Njrpa ,yf;fpak; - cyf ,yf;fpak; - xg;gpay; ,yf;fpak; vd;Dk; tof;fhWfs; xg;gpyf;fpaj;jpy; nkhopngau;g;gpd; ,d;wpaikahik – gy;NtW nfhs;iffSk; Nfhl;ghLfSk;.

myF 2 : xg;gpyf;fpak; gw;wpa gy;NtW Nfhl;ghLfs; - cyf ehLfspy; xg;gpyf;fpak; gpuQ;R xg;gha;T Kiw – mnkupf;f xg;gha;T Kiw.

myF 3 : jhf;fKk; kuGk; - jhf;ff; Nfhl;ghLk; Vw;wy; Nfhl;ghLk; - ,yf;fpa tifikfs; - tifik gw;wpa nfhs;iffs; jkpopy; tifik ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rp -mbf;fUj;jpay;

myF 4 : tPuAfg;ghly;fSk; rq;ff; ftpijfSk; - fpNuf;f ypupf; ftpijfSk; - rq;fg;ghly;fSk; - fk;gDk; - kpy;lDk; - ghujpAk; n\y;ypAk; - fk;gDk; - thy;kPfpAk;

myF 5 : jpUf;FwSk; cyf mw ,yf;fpaq;fSk; (Fwpg;ghf tlnkhop) ,yj;jPd; fpNuf;fk; rPdnkhop mwE}y;fs; - ,sq;NfhTk; , Nrf;];gpaUk; - ghujpAk; ts;sj;NjhSk;

37

ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.xg;gpay; ,yf;fpak; - lhf;lu; ifyhrgjp

2.xg;gpyf;fpa mwpKfk; - lhf;lu; jkpoz;zy;

3.xg;gpyf;fpa Nehf;F – lhf;lu; cjakhzpf;fk;

4.Tamil Heroic Poetry – Dr. K.Kailasapathy

5.jpUf;Fws; ePjp ,yf;fpak; - lhf;lu; R.j.jpUehTf;fuR

6.ghujpAk; n\y;ypAk; - uFehjd;

7.xg;gpyf;fpa Nehf;fpy; rq;f ,yf;fpak; - lhf;lu; fjpu; kfhNjtd;

8.fk;gDk; kpy;lDk; - lhf;lu; v]; ,uhkfpU\;dd;

9.,yf;fpa tifik xg;gha;T – lhf;lu; fp.,uhrh

10.,yf;fpa tifj; jpwdha;T – lhf;lu; fp.,uhrh

11.xg;gpyf;fpak; Xu; mwpKfk; - lhf;lu; it . rr;rpjhde;jd;

12.xg;gha;Tf;fsq;fs; - lhf;lu; [p. [hd; rhKNty;

13.Studies in Comparative literature – Dr. G. John Samuel.

14.Nrhiyad; , ghujpAk; kpy;l;lDk; , fhiuf;Fb (nry;tp)

15. Hero Age of India – Dr. N.K.Siddhanantha

16. rq;f ,yf;fpa xg;gPL (,U ghfk;) – jkpoz;zy;

17.fk;gDk; thy;kPfpAk; - ehkf;fy; ftpQu;

18.Discrimination of the Greek Poetry – G . Murray

19.The Rise of the Greek Poetry – G. Murray

20.fk;gDf;Ff; fij nfhLj;jtu; thy;kPfpah – lhf;lu; jpUNkdp

21.xg;gpyf;fpak; , jpUkiy , kPdhl;rp Gj;jf epiyak; , kJiu.

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38

ehd;fhk;gUtk; - jhs; 17 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM412

%yE}ypy; khw;wk; ,y;iy gpd;tUk; cl; gFjpfs; ,j;jhspy; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Nehf;fk; : jkpo;f; fhg;gpaq;fs; gw;wpa tptuq;fisj; njupe;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; –fhg;gpaq;fspd; nghUd;ikia mwpjy; cl;fl;likg;G–tsu;r;rp Nghd;wtw;iwmwpjy; – fhg;gpag;gpd;dzp fhg;gpatsu;r;rp Mfpatw;iwj; njupe;Jnfhs;sy;. myF 1 : rpyg;gjpfhuk; –Gfhu;f; fhz;lk; (KOtJk;)

kzpNkfiy–cyfmwtpGf;ff; fhij–cjaFkud; mk;gyk; Gf;ff; fhij - rpiwf;Nfhl;lk; mwf;Nfhl;lk; Mfpa fhij.

myF 2 : rPtfrpe;jhkzp–ehkfs; ,yk;gfk;–Vkhq;fjehl;L tsk;. ngUq;fij–cQ;irg;gpz;lyk; FwpQ;rpjpupak; flwp myF 3 : fk;guhkhazk; –Fk;gfu;zd; tijg;glyk; (KOtJk;)

tpy;ypghujk; –cY}fd; J}Jr;RUf;fk;. myF 4 : ngupaGuhzk; – jpUehisg; Nghthu; Guhzk; jpUtpisahly; Guhzk; – gpl;Lf;Fkz; Rke;jglyk;. myF 5 : ,ul;rzpaahj;jpupfk; – MjpgUtk; – filj;jpwg;Gg; glyk; KifjPd; Guhzk; – ejpiaf; FUjpahf;fpaglyk; ghu;it E}y;fs; : 1.itahGupg;gps;is – jkpo; ,yf;fpa rupjj;jpy; fhtpa fhyk; - ghup epiyak; , nrd;id.

2.Jiu.rPdpr;rhkp – jkpo;f; fhg;gpaf; nfhs;iffs; 1 & 2 – jkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofk; - jQ;rhT+u;.

3.m.ghz;Luq;fd; - fhg;gpa ,ay; - mwptuq;fk; ntspaPL – GJr;Nrhp

4.,stuR – fhg;gpaj;jpwd; - kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk; - rpjk;guk;

5.m.fhrpuh[d; - cyff; fhg;gpaq;fs; - kJiu fhkuru; gy;fiyf;fofk; , kJiu. 6. jh.V.Qhd%u;j;jp , rpe;jhkzpr;nry;tk;

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39

ehd;fhk;gUtk; - jhs; 18 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM413

%yE}ypy; khw;wk; ,y;iy gpd;tUk; cl; gFjpfs; ,j;jhspy; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

mf ,yf;fpaq;fs;

Nehf;fk; : goe;jkpo;,yf;fpaq;fspy; mf ,yf;fpaq;fspd;

rpwg;Gfis mwpjy;. mf,yf;fpaq;fs; Rl;Lk;

cstpay;ghq;F> ,aw;ifg; gpd;dzpKjypatw;iw

tpsf;Fjy; mf,yf;fpaq;fspd; thapyhfr;

rq;fmf,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzyhFk; kf;fspd;

tho;tpaiy mwpe;Jnfhs;Sjy;.

myF 1 : Iq;FWE}W xt;nthU jpizapYk; Kjy; gj;Jg; ghly;fs; myF 2 : FWe;njhif: ghiyghba ngUq;fLq;Nfh ghly;fs; (10) –16> 37> 124> 135> 137> 209> 231> 262> 283> 398. ew;wpiz: Kjy; 25 ghly;fs; myF 3 : fypj;njhif: Ky;iyf;fyp (KOtJk;) – 17 ghly;fs; mfehD}W : fspw;Wahidepiu–Kjy; 10 ghly;fs; myF 4 : neLey;thil - KOtJk; Ky;iyg;ghl;L- KOtJk; . myF 5 : jpUf;Fws; –fstpay; – 7 mjpfhuk; fhu; ehw;gJ - KOtJk;. ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.FNshwpah Re;jukjp gFg;gha;T , newpapy; rq;f ,yf;fpak; , cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk; , nrd;id.

2.FNshwpah Re;jukjp - ,yf;fpa fy;tpAk; gFg;gha;Tk ; , kzpthrfu; E}yfk; rpjk;guk;. 3.,uh.rhuq;fghzp , rq;fj; jkpo;tsk; , nka;ag;gd; gjpg;gfk; , rpjk;guk;.

4. t.Rg.khzpf;fk; - jkpo; fhjy; , kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk; , rpjk;guk;

5. M.,uhkfpU\;zd; - mfj;jpiz khe;ju; Xu; Ma;T , ru;Nthja ,yf;fpag; gz;iz , kJiu. 6.j.Rg;Gnul;bahu; , mfj;jpizf; nfhs;iffs;.

7. rush uh[Nfhghy; , rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy Njhop.;

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40

ehd;fhk;gUtk; - jhs; 19 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM414 %yE}ypy; khw;wk; ,y;iy gpd;tUk; cl; gFjpfs; ,j;jhspy; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

Gw ,yf;fpaq;fs; Nehf;fk; :goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Gw ,yf;fpaq;fspd; rpwg;ig

mwpjy; Gw,yf;fpaq;fspd; thapyhfr; rq;ffhy kf;fspd; tho;tpd; gy $Wfis mwpjy;. rq;ffhykf;fspd; gz;ghl;il mwpjy;

myF 1 : GwehD}W – fgpyu; ghly;fs; – 28 (8> 14> 106> 108> 109> 110> 111>113> 114> 115> 116> 117>

118> 119> 120>121> 122> 123> 124> 143> 200> 201> 202> 236> 237>347) guzu; ghly;fs; – 13 (4> 63> 141> 142> 144> 336> 341>

343> 348> 352> 354> 369) myF 2 :

•%jpd; Ky;iy– 15 ghly;fs; (279> 288> 306> 308> 312> 326> 327> 328> 329> 330> 331> 332> 333> 334> 335)

•nrtpawpT W}c– 8 ghly;fs; (2> 3> 5> 6> 35> 40> 55> 184) •KJnkhopf; fhQ;rp– 5 ghly;fs; (18> 27> 28> 29> 74) •Mde;jg;igAs; - 5 ghly;fs; (228> 229> 246> 247> 280) •cz;lhl;L– 5 ghly;fs; (257> 258> 262> 269> 297) •ctiff; fOy;r;rp– 3 ghly;fs; (277> 278> 295)

myF 3 : nghUeuhw;Wg;gil–KOtJk;. myF 4 : •gjpw;Wg;gj;J–3Mk; gj;J

•gupghly; –jpUkhy; gw;wpag;ghly; – 13

myF 5 : kJiuf;fhQ;rp ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.Nrh.e.fe;jrhkp , Gwj;jpiz tho;tpay; 2.F.nt.ghyRg;gpukzpad; , Gwg;nghUs; 3.F.nt.ghyRg;gpukzpad; , thif 4.rhuq;fghzp , Fws;newp 5.rhuq;fghzp , gupghly; jpwd; 6.Re;;ju kfhypq;fk; , Gwj;jpiz tpUe;J

41

ehd;fhk;gUtk; - jhs; 20 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs; jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM4:1

nghJ nkhopapay; Nehf;fk; : nkhopapaypd; nghJthd $Wfis khztu;fSf;F czu;j;Jjy; myF1 : xypapay; Xu; mwpKfk; –gpupTfs; – xypapaf;ftpay; kw;Wk;

Nfl;nghypapay; –- Ngr;RWg;Gfs; – xypg;G Kiw tiffs; - capnuhyp – nka;nahyp gpwg;gplq;fs; – nkhopapay; tiffs;

myF 2 : xyp – kw;nwhyp – xypad; - Nrfupj;jy; - jpul;bj; njhFj;jy; – Ntw;W epiyf; nfhs;if kw;Wk; khw;W epiyf; nfhs;if – xyp xw;Wikf; nfhs;if – rPuikg;Gf; nfhs;if – RUf;ff; nfhs;if – cwo;r;rpf; nfhs;if.

myF 3 : nrhy;ypay; – cUgpay; myFfs; cUG khw;WUG – cUgd; –xU cUgd; nrhy; – <UUgd; nrhy; – gy; cUgd; nrhy; – Ntu;r; nrhy;Yk; mbr;nrhy;Yk; – xl;Lf;fs; – cUgd; tiffs;

myF 4 : mz;ik cWg;G – mz;ik cWg;Gfspd; tiffs; – khw;wpyf;fz tpjpfs; – khw;wpyf;fz tiffs; – khw;wpyf;fzf; $Wfs; – jdpj;jd;ikAk; nghJj;jd;ikAk;

myF 5 : nghUz;ikapaypd; gy;NtW mZFKiwfs; – xU nghUs; gd;nkhop gy nghUs; xU nkhop – tiffs; – nghUz;ik khw;wKk; tiffSk; – kf;fs; tof;fpy; nrhw;gpwg;Gf; fUj;Jf;fs; – nghUs; khw;wk;.

ghu;it E}y;fs; :

1.nkhopapay; , fp.fUzhfud; , t.n[ah , Fkud; gjpg;gfk; , nrd;id.

2.F. gukrptd; , ,f;fhy nkhopapay; mwpKfk; , irt rpj;jhe;j E}w;gjpg;Gf; fofk; , nrd;id. 3.Kj;Jr; rz;Kfk; , ,f;fhy nkhopapay; ,

kJiu gg;sp\pq; `T];, kJiu.

4.nghw;Nfh , nkhopapay; (mwpKf epiy ),G+k;nghopy; , rh];jpup efu;, nrd;id.

5. r. mfj;jpaypq;fk; , nkhopapay; , mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofk; , mz;zhkiy efu; , rpjk;guk;.

6. r. ,uhrhuhk; , nkhopAk; nkhopapaYk; , mide;jpe;jpa jkpo; nkhopapay; fofk; mz;zhkiy efu; , rpjk;guk;.

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42

ehd;fhk;gUtk; - jhs; 20 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fs; jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM4:2

kf;fs; njhlu;gpay; Nehf;fk; : jfty; njhlu;gpd; ,d;wpaikahik – jfty; njhlu;Gr;

rhjdq;fspd; tsu;r;rp - ,jopay; , ,jopay; epu;thfk; , thndhyp , njhiyf;fhl;rp , jpiuglk; , ,izak; Kjypatw;wpd; nraw;ghLfs; , gad;ghLfs; Mfpatw;iw khztu;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy;.

myF1 : kf;fs; jfty; njhlu;gpay; – tpsf;fk; – tifik –

kuGtop – mr;R top – kpd; top – jfty; njhlu;gpay; gzpfs; – mwptpj;jy; – fw;gpj;jy; – kfpo;tpj;jy; – kf;fs; jfty; njhlu;Gr; rhjdq;fspd; juf;fl;Lg;ghL – topfhl;Lk; newpfs; – Neu;ik – ek;gfj;jd;ik – Fwpf;Nfhs; Nghd;wd.

myF 2 : ,jopay; tuyhW – ,e;jpa ,jo;fs; – jkpof ,jo;fs; - ,jo;fspd; rKjha Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; ,jo;fspd; gq;fspg;G – gj;jpupf;ifr; Rje;jpuk; – gj;jpupf;ifr; rl;lq;fs; – ntspaPl;Lupik – Rw;Nwhl;l cupik – nra;jp ngWk; cupik – gjpg;Gupik – mtJ}W – mtkjpg;G – mwptpg;G – gpw.

myF 3 : ,jopay; epu;thfk; - ,jo; njhlq;FKd; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;bait – epu;thfg; gpupT – Mrpupau; gpupT – ve;jpug; gpupT – tzpfg; gpupT – nra;jp – nra;jp Nrfupg;G Kiwfs; –- nra;jp epWtdq;fs; – mr;Rg;gpio – jpUj;jf; FwpaPLfs; – tshf ,jo; jahupj;jy;.

myF 4 : thndhyp – tuyhW –mikg;G Kiw – epu;thfk; – thndhyp epfo;r;rp toq;fg;gLk; Kiw – Njrpa , tl;lhu , cs;Su; , gz;giy , ntspehl;L , tptpjghujp xypg;gug;Gfs; - gy;NtW epfo;r;rp xypg;gug;Gfs; – fy;tp , kfspu; , ,isQu; , njhopyhsu; , cotu; – thndhyp gilg;ghsUf;F topfhl;L newpfs; – njhiyf;fhl;rp – tuyhW – mikg;G Kiw – epu;thfk; – gy;NtW epfo;r;rp xspgug;Gfs; – jdpahu; njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rp kjpg;gPL – rKjha khw;wj;jpy; njhiyf;fhl;rpapd; gq;F

myF 5 : jpiug;glk; -jpiug;gl tuyhW – tsh;r;rp – njhopy;El;gk; - ghly;fs; – r%fj;jpd; kPJ jpiug;glj;jpd; kjpg;G – ghjpg;G – murpay; Nkyhjpf;fj;jpy; jpiug;glk; -,iza tuyhWk; tsu;r;rpAk; – ,iza ,jo;fs; (jkpo;) ,izak; – gzpfs;.

43

ghu;it E}y;fs; : 1.me;Njhzp ,uhR , M.gp. , ,jopay; Xu; mwpKfk; ,

MNuhf;fpak; gjpg;gfk; , ciwA+u; , jpUr;rp.

2.MNuhf;fpaehjd; v]; , jfty; njhlu;gpay; ,

Kj;J gjpg;gfk; tpOg;Guk;.

3.MyP]; M , kf;fs; jfty; njhlu;gpay; fiyr;nrhy; mfuhJ ,

kJkjp ,jpUr;rp.

4.,sq;Nfhtd; k.uh. , ,e;jpa ,jo;fs; , Nrfu; gjpg;gfk; ,

nrd;id ,1985.

5. fiythzp Nrh , gj;jpupf;iff; fiy , rhuhjh ntspaPL ,

NtY}u; ,1988.

6. fpUl;bzrhkp nt , jfty; njhlu;gpay; ,

kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk; ,nrd;id.

7. FUrhkp k.gh. , ,jopay; fiy , Njd;nkhop gjpg;gfk; , jpUr;nre;J}u; , K.g. 1988..

8. Nfhjz;lghzp ,uh , ,jopay; fw;gf E}yfk; , kJiu , 1980.

9. RghR re;jpuNghR ng , juTk; jftYk; , Rghypfh , jpUr;rp.

10. rhe;jh m Nkhfd; , tPL (gjp.M) , kf;fs; Clfj; njhlu;gpay;

(mbg;gilfs;) kPbah gg;spNf\d;]; , kJiu , 2001.

11. jkpourp R , nuq;fehjd; vz; , xU ehspjy; cUthfpwJ ,

rq;fg; gyif ntspaPL , kJiu.

12. ey;yjk;gp nt , njhiyf;fhl;rpAk; gpw jfty; JiwfSk; ,

ts;Std; ntspaPl;lfk; , nrd;id , K.g.1988.

13. ey;yjk;gp nt , njhiyf;fhl;rpf;fiy , ts;Std; ntspaPl;lfk; ,

nrd;id, ,.g.1990. 14. ghyRe;juk; Nrh , xypg;Gf;fiy , mKjepiyak; , nrd;id , 1957.

15. Ahuja B.N. , Theory and Practice of Journalism , Surjeet

Publication , Delhi – 1986.

16. Venataramiah E.S. , Freedom of Press , B.R. Publishers , Delhi , 1987.

17. Mitha D.S. Mass Communication and Journalism in India ,

Athreel Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi , 1980.

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44

ehd;fhk;gUtk; - jhs; 21 jhs; FwpaPL - P15TM4PJ

jpl;lf;fl;Liu Nehf;fk; : khztu;fspd; jpl;lkply; , mwpTrhu; gzp , njhFj;Jk>;

gFj;Jk; , jpwdha;e;Jk; vOJjy; Mfpa jpwd;fis tsu;j;jy;.

,yf;fpak; – ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; – Nfhapy; fiyfs; – Cu; ngauha;T – ,yf;fpak; gz;ghLk; – ,jopay; – Clfq;fs; gw;wpa nghUs;fspy; VNjDk; xU jiyg;igj; Nju;e;njLj;J 40–60 gf;fq;fSf;Fs; jpl;lf;fl;Liu vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;.

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