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TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA PHORIDAE) PARASITOIDSOF FIRE ANTS (SOLENOPSIS SPP) (HYMENOPTERA FORMICIDAE) FROMBRAZILAuthor(s) Marcos Antocircnio PesqueroSource Journal of the New York Entomological Society 108(3)243-247 2000Published By The New York Entomological SocietyDOI httpdxdoiorg1016640028-7199(2000)108[0243TNSOPD]20CO2URL httpwwwbiooneorgdoifull1016640028-7199282000291085B02433ATNSOPD5D20CO3B2

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J New York Entomol Soc 108(3ndash4)243ndash247 2000

TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA PHORIDAE)PARASITOIDS OF FIRE ANTS (SOLENOPSIS SPP)(HYMENOPTERA FORMICIDAE) FROM BRAZIL

MARCOS ANTONIO PESQUERO

Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia EvolutivaUniversidade Federal de Sa˜o Carlos Sa˜o Carlos Sa˜o Paulo Brazil

AbstractmdashTwo species ofPseudacteon are described from parasitoids attacking fire antsSolenopsis saevissima from Goias and Sa˜o Paulo states BrazilPseudacteon disneyi new spe-cies is closely related toP arcuatus and P pradei while P fowleri new species is a verysingular species A modification of Borgmeierrsquos original species key is given for species iden-tification as well as for the insertion ofP lenkoi

Key words Diptera PhoridaePseudacteon new speciesSolenopsis Neotropical

The ant-parasitoid genusPseudacteon Coquillett is known from all regions of theworld (Disney 1994 Disney and Michailovskaya 2000) Several species occur inSouth America of which 15 are known to be parasitoids of fire antsSolenopsissaevissima (Fr Smith) andS invicta Buren (Pesquero 1997) Research suggestedthat these flies may be ideal biological control agents acting indirectly throughmodifying the competitive ability of fire ants with respect to other ants (Feener andBrown 1992) which has been confirmed (Porter et al 1995) Because of highercolony densities ofS invicta in North America than its native homeland of SouthAmerica (Porter et al 1997) and the lack of natural enemies in North America itseems likely that these parasitoids may have some role in regulating colony densitiesin South America Here I describe two new species ofPseudacteon parasitoids offire ants from Brazil

Pseudacteon disneyi new speciesFigs 1 2

Description Maximal head width 04 mm Head color dark brown 2 distinct su-praantennal setae and 4 distinct rows of 2 2 4 and 4 setae with the first rowinclined toward the middle row Third antennal segment 02 mm long pubescentand shiny dark-brown conical and elongate Arista absent Palps ligth yellow shortand with an apical setae

Thorax light brown shiny and pubescent with three pairs of lateral setae ofsimilar size (013 mm) and two posterior pair of setae each 017 mm long Twoanterior setae 007 mm long Legs yellow with the prothoracic and metathoraciccoxa lighter Prothoracic mesothoracic and metathoracic tibia 022 mm 027 mmand 032 mm long respectively Mean length of the metathoracic tibia 030 003mm Wing 107 mm long by 052 mm maximal width Costal index 042 11ndash13pairs of costal cilia Axilary borders with three setae of 007 mm maximal lengthSubcostal vein free Third vein not forked

244 Vol 108(3ndash4)JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Fig 1 Dorsal view of the ovipositor of P disneyi Note the recurved lateral expansionssimilar to P pradei and the medial apical piece in the shape of an anchor

Fig 2 Lateral view of the ovipositor of P disneyi Note the obtuse angle of the medianapical piece in relation to the dorsal ovipositor surface

Fig 3 Dorsal view of the ovipositor of P fowleri Note the elongated lateral expansionswith curved thin apices and the Y-shape of the medial apical piece

Fig 4 Lateral view of the ovipositor of P fowleri Note the fine hairs of the sixth sterniteand the position of the articulated lateral expansions

2000 245TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA)

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGYWednesday Mar 07 2001 1246 PM 2000Allen Press bull A V i i O N System

nynt 108_304 Mp_245File 04ee

Abdomen dark brown and opaque First tergite 002 mm wide Second tergite012 mm wide First to fifth tergites with appressed short pubescence Posteriormargin of the sixth tergite with 8 setae of a maximal length of 007 mm Sixthsternite with a chitinized shiny dark-brown plate with 6ndash9 hairs measuring 007 mmin length and two central subparallel setae 015 mm long pointed apically frontwardOvipositor (Figs 1 2) heavily chitinized and shiny dark-brown with a pair of shortsetae dorsally on each side Lateral expansions of the ovipositor strongly curvedtoward the midline Median apical parts of the ovipositor anchor-like and when seenfrom the side forms an obtuse angle in relation to the ovipositorTypes Holotype female BRAZIL Goias Goiania 17S 49W 13xi1996 MAPesquero (MUZUSP) Paratypes BRAZIL Goias 21 females same data as holotypeexcept 13ndash27xi1996 Sao Paulo 5 females Sao Carlos 22S 48W 15iii1996MA Pesquero Paratypes are deposited in the authorrsquos collection and collections ofSD Porter (Gainesville Florida USA) American Museum of Natural History (NewYork) and the Zoology Museum of Cambridge University (RHL Disney)Discussion The medial apical piece of the ovipositor is similar to P arcuatus Borg-meier but its lateral expansions are similar to those found in P pradei BorgmeierEtymology It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this species to Dr R H LDisney in recognition of his excellent and extensive research on Diptera and espe-cially on PhoridaeDistribution Apparently north distributed in Brazil and south limited in SaoCarlos-SP

Pseudacteon fowleri new speciesFigs 3 4

Description Maximal head width 052 mm Front of head dark-brown with 2 su-praantennal setae and 4 rows of 2 2 4 and 4 setae with the first row inclinedtoward the medial line Third antennal segment dark-brown oval and 02 mm longArista 02 mm long Palps light yellow short with an apical setae

Thorax light-brown shiny and pubescent with 3 pairs of lateral setae and 4posterior setae all 02 mm long Scutellum light-brown with a pair of anterior setae015 mm long and a pair of posterior setae 022 mm long Legs yellow with theprothoracic and metathoracic coxa lighter in color Prothoracic mesothoracic andmetathoracic leg tibia of 035 mm 040 mm and 045 mm in length respectivelyMean length of the metathoracic tibia 039 003 mm Wing 150 mm long andwith a maximal width of 067 mm Costal index 040 13ndash15 pairs of costal ciliaAxilary margin with 5 hairs of maximal length of 010 mm Subcostal vein freeThird vein not forked

Abdomen light-brown and opaque First tergite narrower (005 mm) than the sec-ond (022 mm) First to fifth tergites with few short hairs Posterior border of thesixth tergite with 8 hairs of a maximal length of 012 mm Sixth sternite with achitinized light-brown plate with 8ndash12 hairs measuring 007 mm in length and acovering of short setae Ovipositor (Figs 3 4) strongly chitinized and shiny dark-brown Ovipositor with various hairs on each side 007 mm long Lateral expansionsof the ovipositor long inclined ventrally and yellowish at the base with pointedcurved and narrow apices Medial apical piece of the ovipositor Y-shaped

246 Vol 108(3ndash4)JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Types Holotype female BRAZIL Goias Goiania 17S 49W 15xi1996 MAPesquero (MUZUSP) Paratypes BRAZIL Goias 5 females same data as holotypeexcept 13ndash27xi1996 Sao Paulo 1 female Sao Carlos 22S 48W 15ndash20iii1996MA Pesquero Paratypes are deposited in the authorrsquos collection and the collectionsof SD Porter (Gainesville Florida USA) American Museum of Natural History(New York) and the Zoology Museum of Cambridge University (R H L Disney)Discussion The ovipositor has a shape unlike other species with lateral extensionsarticulated at their base This may allow it to function like a forcep and to grasp thehost during ovipositionEtymology I dedicate this species to Dr H G Fowler for his guidance and dedi-cation to research on myrmecology and ecology in South AmericaDistribution Apparently north distributed in Brazil and south limited in Sao Carlos-SP Also reported from Guyana (B Brown personal communication)

KEY TO NEW PSEUDACTEON SPECIES

Note In Borgmeierrsquos (1969) key to Pseudacteon the two new species should beinserted along with P lenkoi (Borgmeier and Prado 1975) as18 (17) Lateral lobes of the ovipositor rounded medial piece large and arc-shaped (Dom-

inicam WL) arcuatus Borgmeierndash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor curved 18A

18A Medial piece of ovipositor bell-shaped (Brazil) pradei Borgmeierndash Medial piece of ovipositor anchor-shaped (Brazil) disneyi Pesquero

19 (17) Lateral lobes of the ovipositor elongated (Brazil) fowleri Pesquerondash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor short not elongated 19A

19A Lateral lobes of the ovipositor round behind in dorsal view (Brazil) obtusus Borgmeier

ndash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor angulate 19B19B Posterior margin of the 7th tergite roughly continuous in dorsal view arista of

equal length of 3rd antennal joint (Brazil) lenkoi Borgmeier amp Pradondash Posterior margin of the 7th tergite strongly concave in dorsal view arista shorter

than the 3rd antennal joint (Argentina) nocens Borgmeier

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Mercia A O Pesquero and Nivaldo D Oliveira assisted during field collections S D PorterR H L Disney and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments and suggestions CR F Brandao provided access to the phorid collection of the Museu de Zoologia of the Uni-versity of Sao Paulo (MUZUSP) Micrographs were taken by A Zacaro of the Electron Mi-croscopy Laboratory of the Biology Department of the State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP)Rio Claro Thanks are extended to B V Brown for sharing his Pseudacteon scrapbook Workwas supported by a research assistantship provided by Capes

LITERATURE CITED

Borgmeier T 1969 New or little-known phorid flies mainly from Neotropical region (DipteraPhoridae) Studia Entomol 1233ndash132

Borgmeier T and A P do Prado 1975 New or little-known Neotropical phorid flies withdescription of eight new genera (Diptera Phoridae) Studia Entomol 183ndash90

Disney R H L 1994 Scuttle flies the Phoridae Chapman and Hall London

2000 247TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA)

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGYWednesday Mar 07 2001 1246 PM 2000Allen Press bull A V i i O N System

nynt 108_304 Mp_247File 04ee

Disney R H L and M Michailovskaia 2000 New species of Pseudacteon Coquillett (DipteraPhoridae) from the Far East of Russia Fragm faun 4335ndash45

Feener D H Jr and B V Brown 1992 Reduced foraging of the tropical fire ant Solenopsisgeminata (Hymenoptera Formicidae) in the presence of parasitic phorid flies Pseudac-teon spp Annals of the Entomological Society of America 8580ndash84

Pesquero M A 1997 Estrutura de comunidades de Pseudacteon ssp (Diptera Phoridae) par-asitoides de Solenopsis ssp (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Botucatu Inst Bioc UNESPDissertacao em Zoologia

Porter S D R K Vander Meer M A Pesquero S Campiolo and H G Fowler 1995Solenopsis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) fire ant reactions to attacks of Pseudacteon flies(Diptera Phoridae) in southeastern Brazil Ann Entomol Soc Am 88570ndash575

Porter S D D F Williams R S Patterson and H G Fowler 1997 Intercontinental differencesin the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae) escape from naturalenemies Environ Entomol 26373ndash387

Received 15 May 2000 accepted 26 October 2000

244 Vol 108(3ndash4)JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Fig 1 Dorsal view of the ovipositor of P disneyi Note the recurved lateral expansionssimilar to P pradei and the medial apical piece in the shape of an anchor

Fig 2 Lateral view of the ovipositor of P disneyi Note the obtuse angle of the medianapical piece in relation to the dorsal ovipositor surface

Fig 3 Dorsal view of the ovipositor of P fowleri Note the elongated lateral expansionswith curved thin apices and the Y-shape of the medial apical piece

Fig 4 Lateral view of the ovipositor of P fowleri Note the fine hairs of the sixth sterniteand the position of the articulated lateral expansions

2000 245TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA)

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGYWednesday Mar 07 2001 1246 PM 2000Allen Press bull A V i i O N System

nynt 108_304 Mp_245File 04ee

Abdomen dark brown and opaque First tergite 002 mm wide Second tergite012 mm wide First to fifth tergites with appressed short pubescence Posteriormargin of the sixth tergite with 8 setae of a maximal length of 007 mm Sixthsternite with a chitinized shiny dark-brown plate with 6ndash9 hairs measuring 007 mmin length and two central subparallel setae 015 mm long pointed apically frontwardOvipositor (Figs 1 2) heavily chitinized and shiny dark-brown with a pair of shortsetae dorsally on each side Lateral expansions of the ovipositor strongly curvedtoward the midline Median apical parts of the ovipositor anchor-like and when seenfrom the side forms an obtuse angle in relation to the ovipositorTypes Holotype female BRAZIL Goias Goiania 17S 49W 13xi1996 MAPesquero (MUZUSP) Paratypes BRAZIL Goias 21 females same data as holotypeexcept 13ndash27xi1996 Sao Paulo 5 females Sao Carlos 22S 48W 15iii1996MA Pesquero Paratypes are deposited in the authorrsquos collection and collections ofSD Porter (Gainesville Florida USA) American Museum of Natural History (NewYork) and the Zoology Museum of Cambridge University (RHL Disney)Discussion The medial apical piece of the ovipositor is similar to P arcuatus Borg-meier but its lateral expansions are similar to those found in P pradei BorgmeierEtymology It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this species to Dr R H LDisney in recognition of his excellent and extensive research on Diptera and espe-cially on PhoridaeDistribution Apparently north distributed in Brazil and south limited in SaoCarlos-SP

Pseudacteon fowleri new speciesFigs 3 4

Description Maximal head width 052 mm Front of head dark-brown with 2 su-praantennal setae and 4 rows of 2 2 4 and 4 setae with the first row inclinedtoward the medial line Third antennal segment dark-brown oval and 02 mm longArista 02 mm long Palps light yellow short with an apical setae

Thorax light-brown shiny and pubescent with 3 pairs of lateral setae and 4posterior setae all 02 mm long Scutellum light-brown with a pair of anterior setae015 mm long and a pair of posterior setae 022 mm long Legs yellow with theprothoracic and metathoracic coxa lighter in color Prothoracic mesothoracic andmetathoracic leg tibia of 035 mm 040 mm and 045 mm in length respectivelyMean length of the metathoracic tibia 039 003 mm Wing 150 mm long andwith a maximal width of 067 mm Costal index 040 13ndash15 pairs of costal ciliaAxilary margin with 5 hairs of maximal length of 010 mm Subcostal vein freeThird vein not forked

Abdomen light-brown and opaque First tergite narrower (005 mm) than the sec-ond (022 mm) First to fifth tergites with few short hairs Posterior border of thesixth tergite with 8 hairs of a maximal length of 012 mm Sixth sternite with achitinized light-brown plate with 8ndash12 hairs measuring 007 mm in length and acovering of short setae Ovipositor (Figs 3 4) strongly chitinized and shiny dark-brown Ovipositor with various hairs on each side 007 mm long Lateral expansionsof the ovipositor long inclined ventrally and yellowish at the base with pointedcurved and narrow apices Medial apical piece of the ovipositor Y-shaped

246 Vol 108(3ndash4)JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Types Holotype female BRAZIL Goias Goiania 17S 49W 15xi1996 MAPesquero (MUZUSP) Paratypes BRAZIL Goias 5 females same data as holotypeexcept 13ndash27xi1996 Sao Paulo 1 female Sao Carlos 22S 48W 15ndash20iii1996MA Pesquero Paratypes are deposited in the authorrsquos collection and the collectionsof SD Porter (Gainesville Florida USA) American Museum of Natural History(New York) and the Zoology Museum of Cambridge University (R H L Disney)Discussion The ovipositor has a shape unlike other species with lateral extensionsarticulated at their base This may allow it to function like a forcep and to grasp thehost during ovipositionEtymology I dedicate this species to Dr H G Fowler for his guidance and dedi-cation to research on myrmecology and ecology in South AmericaDistribution Apparently north distributed in Brazil and south limited in Sao Carlos-SP Also reported from Guyana (B Brown personal communication)

KEY TO NEW PSEUDACTEON SPECIES

Note In Borgmeierrsquos (1969) key to Pseudacteon the two new species should beinserted along with P lenkoi (Borgmeier and Prado 1975) as18 (17) Lateral lobes of the ovipositor rounded medial piece large and arc-shaped (Dom-

inicam WL) arcuatus Borgmeierndash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor curved 18A

18A Medial piece of ovipositor bell-shaped (Brazil) pradei Borgmeierndash Medial piece of ovipositor anchor-shaped (Brazil) disneyi Pesquero

19 (17) Lateral lobes of the ovipositor elongated (Brazil) fowleri Pesquerondash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor short not elongated 19A

19A Lateral lobes of the ovipositor round behind in dorsal view (Brazil) obtusus Borgmeier

ndash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor angulate 19B19B Posterior margin of the 7th tergite roughly continuous in dorsal view arista of

equal length of 3rd antennal joint (Brazil) lenkoi Borgmeier amp Pradondash Posterior margin of the 7th tergite strongly concave in dorsal view arista shorter

than the 3rd antennal joint (Argentina) nocens Borgmeier

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Mercia A O Pesquero and Nivaldo D Oliveira assisted during field collections S D PorterR H L Disney and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments and suggestions CR F Brandao provided access to the phorid collection of the Museu de Zoologia of the Uni-versity of Sao Paulo (MUZUSP) Micrographs were taken by A Zacaro of the Electron Mi-croscopy Laboratory of the Biology Department of the State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP)Rio Claro Thanks are extended to B V Brown for sharing his Pseudacteon scrapbook Workwas supported by a research assistantship provided by Capes

LITERATURE CITED

Borgmeier T 1969 New or little-known phorid flies mainly from Neotropical region (DipteraPhoridae) Studia Entomol 1233ndash132

Borgmeier T and A P do Prado 1975 New or little-known Neotropical phorid flies withdescription of eight new genera (Diptera Phoridae) Studia Entomol 183ndash90

Disney R H L 1994 Scuttle flies the Phoridae Chapman and Hall London

2000 247TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA)

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGYWednesday Mar 07 2001 1246 PM 2000Allen Press bull A V i i O N System

nynt 108_304 Mp_247File 04ee

Disney R H L and M Michailovskaia 2000 New species of Pseudacteon Coquillett (DipteraPhoridae) from the Far East of Russia Fragm faun 4335ndash45

Feener D H Jr and B V Brown 1992 Reduced foraging of the tropical fire ant Solenopsisgeminata (Hymenoptera Formicidae) in the presence of parasitic phorid flies Pseudac-teon spp Annals of the Entomological Society of America 8580ndash84

Pesquero M A 1997 Estrutura de comunidades de Pseudacteon ssp (Diptera Phoridae) par-asitoides de Solenopsis ssp (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Botucatu Inst Bioc UNESPDissertacao em Zoologia

Porter S D R K Vander Meer M A Pesquero S Campiolo and H G Fowler 1995Solenopsis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) fire ant reactions to attacks of Pseudacteon flies(Diptera Phoridae) in southeastern Brazil Ann Entomol Soc Am 88570ndash575

Porter S D D F Williams R S Patterson and H G Fowler 1997 Intercontinental differencesin the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae) escape from naturalenemies Environ Entomol 26373ndash387

Received 15 May 2000 accepted 26 October 2000

2000 245TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA)

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGYWednesday Mar 07 2001 1246 PM 2000Allen Press bull A V i i O N System

nynt 108_304 Mp_245File 04ee

Abdomen dark brown and opaque First tergite 002 mm wide Second tergite012 mm wide First to fifth tergites with appressed short pubescence Posteriormargin of the sixth tergite with 8 setae of a maximal length of 007 mm Sixthsternite with a chitinized shiny dark-brown plate with 6ndash9 hairs measuring 007 mmin length and two central subparallel setae 015 mm long pointed apically frontwardOvipositor (Figs 1 2) heavily chitinized and shiny dark-brown with a pair of shortsetae dorsally on each side Lateral expansions of the ovipositor strongly curvedtoward the midline Median apical parts of the ovipositor anchor-like and when seenfrom the side forms an obtuse angle in relation to the ovipositorTypes Holotype female BRAZIL Goias Goiania 17S 49W 13xi1996 MAPesquero (MUZUSP) Paratypes BRAZIL Goias 21 females same data as holotypeexcept 13ndash27xi1996 Sao Paulo 5 females Sao Carlos 22S 48W 15iii1996MA Pesquero Paratypes are deposited in the authorrsquos collection and collections ofSD Porter (Gainesville Florida USA) American Museum of Natural History (NewYork) and the Zoology Museum of Cambridge University (RHL Disney)Discussion The medial apical piece of the ovipositor is similar to P arcuatus Borg-meier but its lateral expansions are similar to those found in P pradei BorgmeierEtymology It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this species to Dr R H LDisney in recognition of his excellent and extensive research on Diptera and espe-cially on PhoridaeDistribution Apparently north distributed in Brazil and south limited in SaoCarlos-SP

Pseudacteon fowleri new speciesFigs 3 4

Description Maximal head width 052 mm Front of head dark-brown with 2 su-praantennal setae and 4 rows of 2 2 4 and 4 setae with the first row inclinedtoward the medial line Third antennal segment dark-brown oval and 02 mm longArista 02 mm long Palps light yellow short with an apical setae

Thorax light-brown shiny and pubescent with 3 pairs of lateral setae and 4posterior setae all 02 mm long Scutellum light-brown with a pair of anterior setae015 mm long and a pair of posterior setae 022 mm long Legs yellow with theprothoracic and metathoracic coxa lighter in color Prothoracic mesothoracic andmetathoracic leg tibia of 035 mm 040 mm and 045 mm in length respectivelyMean length of the metathoracic tibia 039 003 mm Wing 150 mm long andwith a maximal width of 067 mm Costal index 040 13ndash15 pairs of costal ciliaAxilary margin with 5 hairs of maximal length of 010 mm Subcostal vein freeThird vein not forked

Abdomen light-brown and opaque First tergite narrower (005 mm) than the sec-ond (022 mm) First to fifth tergites with few short hairs Posterior border of thesixth tergite with 8 hairs of a maximal length of 012 mm Sixth sternite with achitinized light-brown plate with 8ndash12 hairs measuring 007 mm in length and acovering of short setae Ovipositor (Figs 3 4) strongly chitinized and shiny dark-brown Ovipositor with various hairs on each side 007 mm long Lateral expansionsof the ovipositor long inclined ventrally and yellowish at the base with pointedcurved and narrow apices Medial apical piece of the ovipositor Y-shaped

246 Vol 108(3ndash4)JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Types Holotype female BRAZIL Goias Goiania 17S 49W 15xi1996 MAPesquero (MUZUSP) Paratypes BRAZIL Goias 5 females same data as holotypeexcept 13ndash27xi1996 Sao Paulo 1 female Sao Carlos 22S 48W 15ndash20iii1996MA Pesquero Paratypes are deposited in the authorrsquos collection and the collectionsof SD Porter (Gainesville Florida USA) American Museum of Natural History(New York) and the Zoology Museum of Cambridge University (R H L Disney)Discussion The ovipositor has a shape unlike other species with lateral extensionsarticulated at their base This may allow it to function like a forcep and to grasp thehost during ovipositionEtymology I dedicate this species to Dr H G Fowler for his guidance and dedi-cation to research on myrmecology and ecology in South AmericaDistribution Apparently north distributed in Brazil and south limited in Sao Carlos-SP Also reported from Guyana (B Brown personal communication)

KEY TO NEW PSEUDACTEON SPECIES

Note In Borgmeierrsquos (1969) key to Pseudacteon the two new species should beinserted along with P lenkoi (Borgmeier and Prado 1975) as18 (17) Lateral lobes of the ovipositor rounded medial piece large and arc-shaped (Dom-

inicam WL) arcuatus Borgmeierndash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor curved 18A

18A Medial piece of ovipositor bell-shaped (Brazil) pradei Borgmeierndash Medial piece of ovipositor anchor-shaped (Brazil) disneyi Pesquero

19 (17) Lateral lobes of the ovipositor elongated (Brazil) fowleri Pesquerondash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor short not elongated 19A

19A Lateral lobes of the ovipositor round behind in dorsal view (Brazil) obtusus Borgmeier

ndash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor angulate 19B19B Posterior margin of the 7th tergite roughly continuous in dorsal view arista of

equal length of 3rd antennal joint (Brazil) lenkoi Borgmeier amp Pradondash Posterior margin of the 7th tergite strongly concave in dorsal view arista shorter

than the 3rd antennal joint (Argentina) nocens Borgmeier

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Mercia A O Pesquero and Nivaldo D Oliveira assisted during field collections S D PorterR H L Disney and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments and suggestions CR F Brandao provided access to the phorid collection of the Museu de Zoologia of the Uni-versity of Sao Paulo (MUZUSP) Micrographs were taken by A Zacaro of the Electron Mi-croscopy Laboratory of the Biology Department of the State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP)Rio Claro Thanks are extended to B V Brown for sharing his Pseudacteon scrapbook Workwas supported by a research assistantship provided by Capes

LITERATURE CITED

Borgmeier T 1969 New or little-known phorid flies mainly from Neotropical region (DipteraPhoridae) Studia Entomol 1233ndash132

Borgmeier T and A P do Prado 1975 New or little-known Neotropical phorid flies withdescription of eight new genera (Diptera Phoridae) Studia Entomol 183ndash90

Disney R H L 1994 Scuttle flies the Phoridae Chapman and Hall London

2000 247TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA)

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGYWednesday Mar 07 2001 1246 PM 2000Allen Press bull A V i i O N System

nynt 108_304 Mp_247File 04ee

Disney R H L and M Michailovskaia 2000 New species of Pseudacteon Coquillett (DipteraPhoridae) from the Far East of Russia Fragm faun 4335ndash45

Feener D H Jr and B V Brown 1992 Reduced foraging of the tropical fire ant Solenopsisgeminata (Hymenoptera Formicidae) in the presence of parasitic phorid flies Pseudac-teon spp Annals of the Entomological Society of America 8580ndash84

Pesquero M A 1997 Estrutura de comunidades de Pseudacteon ssp (Diptera Phoridae) par-asitoides de Solenopsis ssp (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Botucatu Inst Bioc UNESPDissertacao em Zoologia

Porter S D R K Vander Meer M A Pesquero S Campiolo and H G Fowler 1995Solenopsis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) fire ant reactions to attacks of Pseudacteon flies(Diptera Phoridae) in southeastern Brazil Ann Entomol Soc Am 88570ndash575

Porter S D D F Williams R S Patterson and H G Fowler 1997 Intercontinental differencesin the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae) escape from naturalenemies Environ Entomol 26373ndash387

Received 15 May 2000 accepted 26 October 2000

246 Vol 108(3ndash4)JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Types Holotype female BRAZIL Goias Goiania 17S 49W 15xi1996 MAPesquero (MUZUSP) Paratypes BRAZIL Goias 5 females same data as holotypeexcept 13ndash27xi1996 Sao Paulo 1 female Sao Carlos 22S 48W 15ndash20iii1996MA Pesquero Paratypes are deposited in the authorrsquos collection and the collectionsof SD Porter (Gainesville Florida USA) American Museum of Natural History(New York) and the Zoology Museum of Cambridge University (R H L Disney)Discussion The ovipositor has a shape unlike other species with lateral extensionsarticulated at their base This may allow it to function like a forcep and to grasp thehost during ovipositionEtymology I dedicate this species to Dr H G Fowler for his guidance and dedi-cation to research on myrmecology and ecology in South AmericaDistribution Apparently north distributed in Brazil and south limited in Sao Carlos-SP Also reported from Guyana (B Brown personal communication)

KEY TO NEW PSEUDACTEON SPECIES

Note In Borgmeierrsquos (1969) key to Pseudacteon the two new species should beinserted along with P lenkoi (Borgmeier and Prado 1975) as18 (17) Lateral lobes of the ovipositor rounded medial piece large and arc-shaped (Dom-

inicam WL) arcuatus Borgmeierndash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor curved 18A

18A Medial piece of ovipositor bell-shaped (Brazil) pradei Borgmeierndash Medial piece of ovipositor anchor-shaped (Brazil) disneyi Pesquero

19 (17) Lateral lobes of the ovipositor elongated (Brazil) fowleri Pesquerondash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor short not elongated 19A

19A Lateral lobes of the ovipositor round behind in dorsal view (Brazil) obtusus Borgmeier

ndash Lateral lobes of the ovipositor angulate 19B19B Posterior margin of the 7th tergite roughly continuous in dorsal view arista of

equal length of 3rd antennal joint (Brazil) lenkoi Borgmeier amp Pradondash Posterior margin of the 7th tergite strongly concave in dorsal view arista shorter

than the 3rd antennal joint (Argentina) nocens Borgmeier

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Mercia A O Pesquero and Nivaldo D Oliveira assisted during field collections S D PorterR H L Disney and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments and suggestions CR F Brandao provided access to the phorid collection of the Museu de Zoologia of the Uni-versity of Sao Paulo (MUZUSP) Micrographs were taken by A Zacaro of the Electron Mi-croscopy Laboratory of the Biology Department of the State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP)Rio Claro Thanks are extended to B V Brown for sharing his Pseudacteon scrapbook Workwas supported by a research assistantship provided by Capes

LITERATURE CITED

Borgmeier T 1969 New or little-known phorid flies mainly from Neotropical region (DipteraPhoridae) Studia Entomol 1233ndash132

Borgmeier T and A P do Prado 1975 New or little-known Neotropical phorid flies withdescription of eight new genera (Diptera Phoridae) Studia Entomol 183ndash90

Disney R H L 1994 Scuttle flies the Phoridae Chapman and Hall London

2000 247TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA)

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGYWednesday Mar 07 2001 1246 PM 2000Allen Press bull A V i i O N System

nynt 108_304 Mp_247File 04ee

Disney R H L and M Michailovskaia 2000 New species of Pseudacteon Coquillett (DipteraPhoridae) from the Far East of Russia Fragm faun 4335ndash45

Feener D H Jr and B V Brown 1992 Reduced foraging of the tropical fire ant Solenopsisgeminata (Hymenoptera Formicidae) in the presence of parasitic phorid flies Pseudac-teon spp Annals of the Entomological Society of America 8580ndash84

Pesquero M A 1997 Estrutura de comunidades de Pseudacteon ssp (Diptera Phoridae) par-asitoides de Solenopsis ssp (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Botucatu Inst Bioc UNESPDissertacao em Zoologia

Porter S D R K Vander Meer M A Pesquero S Campiolo and H G Fowler 1995Solenopsis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) fire ant reactions to attacks of Pseudacteon flies(Diptera Phoridae) in southeastern Brazil Ann Entomol Soc Am 88570ndash575

Porter S D D F Williams R S Patterson and H G Fowler 1997 Intercontinental differencesin the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae) escape from naturalenemies Environ Entomol 26373ndash387

Received 15 May 2000 accepted 26 October 2000

2000 247TWO NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDACTEON (DIPTERA)

NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGYWednesday Mar 07 2001 1246 PM 2000Allen Press bull A V i i O N System

nynt 108_304 Mp_247File 04ee

Disney R H L and M Michailovskaia 2000 New species of Pseudacteon Coquillett (DipteraPhoridae) from the Far East of Russia Fragm faun 4335ndash45

Feener D H Jr and B V Brown 1992 Reduced foraging of the tropical fire ant Solenopsisgeminata (Hymenoptera Formicidae) in the presence of parasitic phorid flies Pseudac-teon spp Annals of the Entomological Society of America 8580ndash84

Pesquero M A 1997 Estrutura de comunidades de Pseudacteon ssp (Diptera Phoridae) par-asitoides de Solenopsis ssp (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Botucatu Inst Bioc UNESPDissertacao em Zoologia

Porter S D R K Vander Meer M A Pesquero S Campiolo and H G Fowler 1995Solenopsis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) fire ant reactions to attacks of Pseudacteon flies(Diptera Phoridae) in southeastern Brazil Ann Entomol Soc Am 88570ndash575

Porter S D D F Williams R S Patterson and H G Fowler 1997 Intercontinental differencesin the abundance of Solenopsis fire ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae) escape from naturalenemies Environ Entomol 26373ndash387

Received 15 May 2000 accepted 26 October 2000