Turkey Mohit

7/29/2019 Turkey Mohit

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CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

OF TURKEY

DONE BY

MOHIT AGRAWAL

11BSUHH010030


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CERTAIN FACTSNAME: Turkey

LOCATION: Europe

GOVERNMENT: Republican ParliamentaryDemocracy

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Turkish (official), Kurdish,Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri,Kabardian.

MAJOR RELIGION(S): Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni),

other 0.2% (mostly Christiansand Jews).

MAJOR ETHNICGROUPS: Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20%.


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GREETINGS


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Man greeting Man During initial meetings, men shake hands when greeting one

another and maintain direct eye contact. A relatively firm handshake is the way togo. Hugs and light pats on the back and shoulder are common between good friends and

family. Some men may share a kiss on each cheek as well. In the last couple of years

some men have started to touch the temples together instead of kissing on the cheeks.

Woman greeting Woman - A kiss on each cheek combined with a light hug is common if

two women know each other well. A light handshake is the norm if they are meeting for

the first time.

Man greeting Woman - This can be a little tricky and it is best to follow the other

persons lead in most situations. If they offer their hand, then a simple handshake is

required, or if they offer their cheek, then a kiss on each cheek is required. If neither is

offered then a nod and/or merhaba (hello) is polite. It may be that a persons religion

requires them not to touch a member of the opposite sex.


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COMMUNICATION STYLE


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On the one hand people can be quite indirect, particularly when they are trying to build a

relationship with someone. They might take a long time to get to the point, if they ever get

there. At other times people can be quite particularly direct or confrontational, for example

in relation to politics. Some people certainly arent afraid to speak their minds.

When it comes to business conversations its best to never jump right into the matter at

hand. Having some polite conversation first is usually expected and appreciated.


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PERSONAL SPACEAND TOUCHING


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Personal space tends to be very close, sometimes disconcertingly so for foreigners used to

more space. An arms length is generally considered an appropriate amount of personal

space when speaking, particularly when interacting with colleagues and acquaintances. Forfriends and family this space is often smaller and a fair amount of touching is common.

It is common to see men hold hands with men. Women hold hands with women. Women

also can be seen with arms around each others waists while walking and female friends

often hold each others hands while talking

Turks tend to be very touchy-feely in friend to friend conversations, but everything is about

the waist. Touching a leg is often regarded as a sexual and therefore inappropriate gesture.

Touching between members of the opposite sex is limited in public unless well-known as

friends-only.

Business colleagues do not usually do the Turkish kiss.

When two business partners are talking to a third person, it is a demonstration of mutual

trust to briefly put a hand on the shoulder or the upper back. Avoid lower back contact as it

can be regarded as sexual.


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EYE CONTACT


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Direct eye contact is usually expected and appreciated. In some cases women may

avoid direct eye contact with men.


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TIME MANAGEMENT


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Time is essentially a free-flow. Business and social situations run on various definitions of time.

It depends on who one is dealing with.

In social situations it is not usually rude to be late and you should not expect people to arrive

on time for the most part.

Buses and trains usually run pretty much on time. However when ordering things, waiting for

deliveries, etc., it is very common for them not to arrive on the day specified.

In business situations it is wise to be punctual.

People tend to be very generous with their time.


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GESTURES


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Making a tut noise and raising ones chin means no.

Touching all four fingers to ones thumb and moving the hand up and down means something is

delicious, good or good looking (usually accompanied by a umum sound).

People beckon one another by extending their arm palm down and making a scratching motion

with their fingers toward themselves.

Rubbing two index fingers together usually means that the people the person is talking aboutare together/dating.

Holding your hand next to your head as if you are holding a ball and then turning it side to side

means that someone is crazy.

Putting your hand to your heart can mean my friend, thank you, nice to meet you, peace bewith you, etc.


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DRESS


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For Men- A suit is common. Conservative styles tend to be most common.A suit

without the tie is acceptable in many situations. Business casual attire is usually acceptablein the hotter months/areas.

For Women- Conservative is the way to go. Skirts and dresses should be knee length and

tops should keep the shoulders covered. Avoid excessive make-up and tight

fitting/revealing clothing. Suits and pants are not as common but may be acceptable in

many situations.

Jeans and shorts are not usually worn in business situations.


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TITLES AND

BUSINESS CARD


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The Turkish equivalent of Mr. and Mrs. are Bey and Bayan respectively. However

first names are used, ie for Mr. Mustafa Sandal you would say Mustafa

Bey. Other commonly used titles are:

Abi (for men) and Abla (for women) are very commonly used for people that are

older than you. Doktor Doctor, Mudur Manager, Garson Waiter,Usta

Tradesman, Patron Boss/Owner.

Business cards are usually presented with one hand, sometimes both. Be aware

that many Turks will not give out their business card unless they aresure that they

wish to begin a business relationship.


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MEETINGS


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It is wise to be punctual for business meetings, especially if you do not know theother party.

Some small talk is usually expected. It's best to allow the host to dictate the

business discussion.

The main purposes of initial meetings are to get to know one another and discuss,not to always make decisions. It's best to go with the flow and not impose your

agenda too forcefully.


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GIFT GIVING


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Gifts are not expected or necessary in business situations. However wining and dining is

common.

If invited over for dinner or a drink to a Turkish home, you should bring a gift. Avoid

bringing alcohol unless you are sure they drink. Appropriate gifts include dessert, pastries,

chocolates, or a nice vase or plant holder.


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DINING ETIQUETTE MAKING A TOAST

If you are the honored guest, you will be expected to make a toast, usually soon

after the host does or at the end of the meal, just before everyone departs.

DINING ETIQUETTE FOR UTENSILS

Dining is done with forks and spoons and knives, Western style. The knife is heldin the right hand, and the fork in the left. Do not switch hands for knives and

forks.


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The honored guest is served first, then the oldest man, then the rest of the men, then

children, and finally women.

Do not begin to eat or drink until the oldest man at the table has been served and has

begun. You may want to ask your host when it is appropriate to begin.

DINING ETIQUETTE FOR BEGINNINGTO EAT

DINING ETIQUETTE FOR ORDER OFSERVICE


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DINING ETIQUETTE FOR SEATING

DINING ETIQUETTE FOR END OF MEAL

The host sits at the head of the table, with the honored guest seated next to the host. In

addition, the honored guest sits on the side of the table farthest from the door. (At

business meetings, the key people sit in the middle, flanked on either side in descending

order by their aides, with the least important people sitting at the ends of the table

farthest from the middle, and closest to the door; the arrangement is mirrored on the

other side.) Men and women eating at someone's home might dine in separate areas (and

spend the entire evening separated) or at separate times, with the men dining first

At the end of the meal, it is appropriate to thank the host or hostess for a wonderful

meal.


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Turkey Mohit