Tugas Presentasi Biologi

Biology Presentation

ENZYME

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Created by :

David Wijaya (06)

XII IPA 2

S.K. : Memahami Pentingnya Proses Metabolisme pada Organisme K.D. : Mendeskripsikan Enzim dan Perannya dalam Proses Metabolisme

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Content

• Definition of Enzyme

• Characteristic of Enzyme

• Part of Enzyme

• Mechanism of Enzyme Function

• Factor that Affect Enzyme

• Role of Enzyme in Metabolism


Definition of Enzyme

Enzymes are protein which act as catalysator in our

body.

That mean enzymes can increase the chemical reaction rate. Molecule that react in the reaction is called as substrate, while the result is called as product. Enzyme is produced inside a live cell.

Example of enzyme : - Amilase

- Lipase


Characteristic of Enzyme

• Act as biocatalysator

• Consist of protein

• Work reciprocally

• Work specifically (can only react with 1 substrate)

• Required in little amount only

• Influenced by pH and temperature


Part of Enzyme

• Consist of apoenzyme (protein) and prosthetic (coenzyme / organic compounds, ex : vitamin; and cofactor / inorganic compound, ex : zinc, calcium, copper, iron)

apoenzyme prosthetic

Holoenzyme


Mechanism of Enzyme Function

a. Lock and Key Theory

This theory state that enzymes have fixed shape and only a specific substrate can fit into it perfectly to form a specific product.

enzyme substrate enzymeproduct


b. Induced Fit Theory

This theory state that enzymes do not have fixed shape and their shape do not fit the substrate perfectly, but when a specific substrate come, they are induced and their shape change so the substrate can fit into it perfectly and react to form a specific product.


Factors that Affect Enzymes

• pH

• Temperature

• Enzyme and Substrate Concentration

• Inhibitor– Reversible Inhibitor– Irreversible Inhibitor


a. pH

Different enzymes have different optimal pH, but must of them can work optimally in neutral condition (pH around 6 – 8). Ex : Chymotripsin work optimally around ph 8.


b. Temperature

Enzymes work optimally around 30oC - 40oC. When temperature raise beyond 50oC, enzyme will be denaturated. When temperature fall beyond 0oC, enzyme will become inactive.


c. Enzyme and Substrate Concentration

• Concentration enzyme > concentration substrate, reaction goes faster. Concentration substrate > concentration enzyme, reaction goes slower.

• When concentration of substrate increase, reaction rate increase too. But there will be a limit where all enzyme has reacted with substrate so the reaction can’t go faster anymore.


d. Reversible inhibitor• Molecule which is competing with substrate to bond with

enzyme (on the active side or on the inactive site) so the enzyme can’t bond with substrate again. It doesn’t damage enzyme.


e. Irreversible inhibitor

• It can damage enzyme and it can form strong bond with enzyme so enzyme can’t bond with substrate.


Role of Enzyme in Metabolism

• In metabolism, some enzymes help to break down large nutrient molecules, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, into smaller molecules. This process occurs during the digestion of foodstuffs in the stomach and intestines of animals. Other enzymes guide the smaller, broken-down molecules through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. Still other enzymes promote the formation of large, complex molecules from the small, simple ones to produce cellular constituents. When an enzyme attaches to a process, such as metabolism, it can speed up the process so enzyme is called as catalysator.

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Tugas Presentasi Biologi