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PREPAR ED

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AND ANALYSISOF

INTELLI 0iCE OF THE AC

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OG USF CT. . jj25 August 194'

TSINGTAO ZBLACK BOOK

Xd4- ;? 77 7-

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Prepared By

Research & Analysis Section

Comnbat Intelligence.

OFFICE OF A. C. OF S., G--2

25 Auigust 1941 5

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TSINGTAO

I1NDEX2 SHEET

PAGESECTION 1.' Terrain 1

SECTION 2. Climate 3

SECTION 3. Roads 4

SECTION 4. Railways ( 5

SECTION 5. Water'ways 8

SECTION 6. Port Facilities 9

SECTION 7. Airfields 11

SECTION 8, Japanese 0/B 12

SECTION 9. Chinese Forces in Shantung Area 13(Communist, Puppet, and Guerrilla)

SECTION 10. Defenses ' 17

SECTION 11. ilitary Storage and Supply 1

SECTION 12. Electrical Means of Cornication '20

SECTION 13, Electric Power 21

SECTION 14. Industry 22

SECTION 15. Wiater Supply 25

SECTION 16. Food Supply 27

SECTION 17. People and Government (including Personalities) 28

SECTION 18. Health and Sanitation 32

SECTION 19. Personalities 33

A. Japanese Military Commanders,

B. Puppets.

C. White List.

NOTE: See next page for. INDEX OF PLANS.

;.F6 Q ? IjI~

TSIT GTAO

lI D1X TO PiVA iIS

'L'L u i'0. I3japof 'Tsiigtao

)O. 2 :pincipal Routes, Tsin tao to 2 sinan

4.'0-13 Shantung ailroad

%'0. L4. ./A IDefense 0hC^rt

j0.. 5 Ts ingtao 'iarves

jO:. 6 air iioeaic Tsingtao

OWN"*

1 K y.

140I

1 E vicinityof T IS T O, the 'terrain is eaceedingly va

g aluvi~l' plain: rolling plain, hills, and.step mountainsall w1taitl a tifte;-mile radius of. the city. The city itself is built onlo and. ode±ate hills xi:hich sloe down to a gentle gradient. at the chore.'there are several, sandy beaches, of entle slope and sepu,.rated by rockypz'oinontories, to the southeast and. east of the city.

,The terrain in this area may be divided into four sectors, lying r diallyto the 11:, i , 1i1 , and l~ respectively, of the city.

the :ost rued country in the area lies to the northeast of the city.Thi is a region f steep hills with occasional peaks of which the highest

LAO Sbi1 (just under 4, 000 feet), These are formed of igneous intrusionswnich, though suerfioiaJly weathered, have resisted the cutting action of moun-tain streams to a great extent. This section of the area is rugged and craggy,with abrupt slopes, narrow steep valleys, and frequent rock.-outcrops. It iscountry which .would favor the defenders in any military operation, and largely;prohibit the use of military vehicles except along the few roads in the area.

Stretching directlyto the north of TSINGTA is a narrow stri pof undulatinglowland, only five miles in east-west width, but extending north, northeast,and north aganfor some forty miles, after which it broadens and. becomes irre-gular in outline. This gently rolling section, containing isolated hills,lends itself well to military movement, except. during the rainy season (latesummer) when its loamy soil is soft and slippery. The soil drains well anddries quickly after a wetting; it tends to be very dusty when dry.

Streams in this area are widely, spaced; their channels are shallow, bran-ching, and (except, where the gradient. of the land is relatively large) appro-ximately at the level of the surrounding country, Larger streams have broad,low natural levees, which in some- places may be surrounded by earth dikes forflood prevention.

As may be expected in a semi-arid region, there is great eeasonal varia-tion in stream flow. All but, the larger ,streams are commonly dry from latefall to early summer. 'uring late summer, however, they will be well filled,oftencausing brief floods in the surrounding plainsI

Natural soil cover is extremely scanty; forestation is absent except incertain artificially-forested areas in the immediate vicinity of TSINGAO.In the plainel-sthe soil is almosst entirely under cultivation; the staple cropsare kamliang,' corn, sorghum (which grow high enough to afford concealment for,troops - and are commonl'y so used by bandits), wheat, millet, soybeans, sweetpotatoes, and peanuts. A few trees may'be found in villages and graveyards;some small orchards will occur in sandy stream-bed areas.

This area is favorable to military movement all 'year except duringthe rainy season, when movemnent across country is practically impossible. At

this time, heavy traffic will bechanneli'zed into the very few gravelled roadswhich connect only a few cities in the Area (See Plan 2, "fRoas".) Secondary :f: ,roads (improveddirt surface) will be impassableduring the summer rains.The basic road system of the area, .a close network of paths, trails and carttracks, is in any case ,practically useless as an aid to military traffic.

To the west of this rolling' country lies an irregular area of typicalnorth China plain; flat, welldrained, almost entirely cltivated. Soil typesand crops are the same as in the -case of the rolling plains described above;roads are similar; floods, in season, may have a greater extent than in therolling country, and take somewhat longer to drain away. As military terrainit is equally favorable to movement' except when wet.

still farther to the west, the flat plain merges into a low-lying area t. s

which 'seres it as a: drainage-basi. hterei w~ter( frm the beter-raned areas

tends, to acumlae, so that the . e a F'tble lies very close to te surface1

Bi~~&-1-'

~,rJ 1Mears. atove the surface in deprsisr.s Movement of at e Is exre-mly s net± radients t c sbol~tining, and the earth remains wetand sli A~ after rains.

Some rice is grown in this area,, except where the water tends to be saline.Otherwise, the usual staple crops are grown here in small fields. Near thecoast, this vegetatio gives place to reeds and sedges.

This area is generally unfavorable to military operations, especially insummer and fall. There are even fewer and worse roads here than elsewhere in theregion under study. The population depends heavily for transportation ontravel by small boats on rivers and canals wherever present.

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Aid^ s6 >x air masses are prevalent over the Tsingtao area dur-ing thewvinter months, the period of the NE monsoon, and maritime air prevailsduring the summer months, the time of the SW monsoon. Occasional modification ofthe air due to ocean trajectory causes a disruption in the usual dry regime of thewinter monsoon.

Temperature--The mean temperatures for the Tsingtao area range from 250F inthe winter to 60°F in the summer. The coldest months are December, JanuaryandFebruary, and the warmest months June, July and August.

Precipitation--The mean annual rainfall at Tsingtao is 26.6 inches.' Themean. maximum precipitation occurs in August, totalling 6.1 inches, while theminimum rainfall occurs in February, with a total. of .34 inches; March, Novemberand December have an average of .78 inches; April, May and October have an averageof 1.5 inches each month; June and September each have a mean rainfall of 3.5inches, and July has a mean of 5.9 inches. Of the mean annual rainfall of 26.6

inches, 12.07 inches fall in July and August; 19.03 inches fall from June through

September.

Cloudiness--The cloudiness reaches ,a maximum during the summer monsoon, withat 1et.half of each summer moiith having over t reater than S/lOths coverage)conditions. The time when ceilings are belowiUUUr'et also reaches a maximumduring the summer months but a small percentage of the other months will ex-:perience ceilings below 000 feet.

monhg and Visibilities--Fog occurrence reaches a maximum during the summerW dingao, clue to the influence of the ocean. The absolute maximum is

during the month of July, with fog limiting visibility to lower than 12 miles onan average of 18.8 days. During the month of June fog occurs on an average of15 days, and in May 14.7 days. In March and April fog occurs on an average of.to I0 days, and no month has less than 2 days of fog, Visibilities are restric-ted due to haze urin the winter months when the cold, dense air prevails, butis much less evident during summer months.

Winds--The prevailing winds during the winter months are NWu, N, and NE, andwith the advent of the summer monsoon blow from the .SV, S, and SE, particularlyduring afternoon hours.

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AN 2 for location of pailcipal routes.1.4 jT% }

E ~Qkt ixiW mrediate vicinity of large towns, the region has no paved,etaher routes. The highways are built of the native fine, clay-like soil.

This packs hard and is, very serviceable in dry weather, not even giving rise toexcessive dust. However, when thoroughly wet, this dirt surface becomes aslough and unnotorable. During most of the year the rainfall is not great enoughto produce such conditions for more than a few h~ours at a time. However, betweenmid-July and mid-September the heavier summer rain is likely to spoil the high-ways for frequent periods of several days together; according to one observer,who spent many years in Shantung before the war, remaining until 1943, roads inShantung would be closed to traffic after heavy rain for sometimes as long as aweek, until the surface could dry out and become solid.

It is stated that during the Japanese occupation of Shantung the only realobstacle to motor transportation has been westher. Some roads have been ditchedoccasionally by anti-Japanese forces, particularly those of the Eighih oute Army,for immediate tactical purposes. But it is reported that the main pre-war roadsand those built by the Japanese since 1937 are currently in operation and in goodcondition. This is said to be true both in the occupied and anti-Japanese areas;damage to routes is reported to be quickly repaired. Thus ditching of roads isstated not to have disrupted the highway network of the region. And it isdoubted whether such procedures would create a serious obstruction in many areas,since the 'terrain is such that local by-passes could often serve to circumvent--over the fields--obstructed portions of route. In some places, where the routepasses through more difficult country destruction of a road could serve amilitary purpose and substantially delay, if rot prevent, further traffic alongits direction.

The silty soil predominating in the eastern Shantung area is generally pooras road-construction material, either surface or fill. However, abundant gravelwill be found in stream-beds near mountains. Elsewhere, stream-beds will pro-vide sand which may be used to advantage in a mixture with local soils.

In hills, bedrock will be found near the surface and will ordinarily beeasily quarried (limestone, sandstone, weathered granite). Timber is very scarcein this area; natives commonly use kao-liang stalks to strengthen fills.

'A: ' I' * 1. -4 -

IbQo,. 4 - -ILWAY$ 5"x .,V K

1. Genral

i~ao.Tsinan) Balroac. is a strteically imPortant, s'ingle-t a6irailway linking the iWorth China port of Tsingtao (Oh'ingtao) with the cityof Tsinan (Chinn), 245 miles to the west.

The military significance of the Shntung linles as an enemy tailway growsout of two considerations: (i) it carries a large volume of strategic mine-rals eastward to Tsingtao for export to Japan and Korea; and (2) it providesthe ony r~iL conanection inland For the: shipment of Japansles military a~d in-dustrial supplies through Tsingtao.

Tsingtao is the leading Japanese port of NJorth China, probably handling more

ocean-'going shipping than Iaoyao, ientin-T'agEku. and Ch'ihuangtao put together.Photo coverain February and iMarch 1945 showed an average of 37,400 tons of mer-chant shipping, plus some 28,000 tons of smaller craft 75' 125' in length.

Frm the Japanese Standpo~nt the advantages of Tsin~tao lie in its excellentharbor facilities, the proximity of Shantung minerals which are exported throughTsingtao and thereby attract return cargoes, and its comparative convenienceat a time when enemy shi'pping between Japan and China must follow routes uparound the Yellow Sea to avoid submarine danger.

The principal tonnage hauled by the railway consists of aluminous shale,

coal and iron ore, all mined in the Changtn area 176 miles W of singtao onthe railway. Aluminou. shale is the item of greatest strategic importance.

In addition to serving as an outlet for these strategic minerals, the Shan-tung E~ links the military baso andport of Tsingtao with the rest of' the Ja.panese military establishment in China. At Tsinan, western terminus of the line,

connection is made with the Tientsin,-Pukow RR and va that line with the Lung-hai and TehsienShhChiachuang~ lateral lines leading to interior Ohina. Allmilitary supplies moving into China through Tsingtao must be railed the lengthof this route and through the junction point of Tsinan. There is no alternative

water route, and the highway paralleling thc ri~lw~ay has only limited capacityby comparison.

2. Description

a.~ Roadbed and Terrain

The railway is 245 miles long, standard guage and single track. .hrough-

out most of its length it traverses the level Shantung plain, broken only bylow hills. There are no tunnels, and the flat country presents few engineeringproblems other than a number of long bridges. German specifications werefollowed in construction: stone ballast 15' wide, steel ties, minimum radiusof curvature 980', maximum grade 0.69ko

From its eastern terminus at Tsingtao (See PLA 3), the railway skirts the. and I shores of Chiaochou Bay as far as Chiaohsien (Kiaohsien) (45.4 miles),

crossing several broad streams -- the Iaits'un, Peishai Ch'engyang, and Taku~'livers. From 0hiaohsien to Weihsien (113.8 miles) it 'continues across widecultivated piJains, passing the town of Iaomi and the Fantsu coal miles. Wejh-

sien is the chief city of central Shantung, unction point of the highway toShefoo (Yent'ai). A number of rivers rise in this section, two of which,the Wei and Yun rivers, require bridges over 800' in length.

From eihsien the line runs to Ch'ingchou, '(Tlsingchow) another sizeable cityin the center of a large fertile plain. It continues on through a somewhatmountainous area to Changtien, 17$ miles WIof Tsingtao. 0hangtien is the junc-tion of the important branch line running 30.4 miles S to the coal and aly-minous shale mines of the Poshan-.Tzuch'uan area, and the only important railcenter between Tsingto and sinan, Seenten miles B of Cthany;tin is thelongest bri~e on the line, a 1400' bridge over the Tzu River.

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SW

West of Changtien the railway runs through low munt i - evagion being 521' at Wangts'un, dropping to 141' at Tsinan. The only town ofany consequence is Ohou.ts'un, an old trading center. At Tsinan the line joinsthe Tientsin-Pukow RR just E of the main station and yards.

T fhief vulnerability of the Shantung RR to air attack and groundsabotage lies in the numerous bridges spanning rivers and smaller streams ofthe Shantung plain. One tabulation lists 19b steel bridges on the nain line.a little less than one every 1.3 miles. Most of these are 20'1l00' in length,the larger ones built on iron piles 40'-50' long, or in a few Instance oncaissons. Including all bridges and'culverts, even small ones, total exceeds1,000. See PLA;N 3.

The longest bridge (and the bridge with the longest spans) is theTzu River~ridge 16.9 miles B of Changtien. ieasuring 1400' in length, t1i-sbridge has nine 130' spans and two 115' spans, deck truss or deck plate girdertype. Farther E, between Ch'ingchou and Weihsien is a 26 mile stretch con-taining 12 reported bridges, all of them over 130' long and 3 of them over600' long.

G. Branch Lines

0hangtie'Pat' ou ranch. The one important branch line of the Shan-tung RR is the 30 mile line from Changtien (18 0 36 49) to Pat'ou (117 58-36 27

This standard g uge line serves the very important aluminous shalediggings and coal mines of the Poshan-Tzuch'uan area, and originates a largepart of the tonnage moving B on the Shantung RR to Tsingtao. The shale pitsand collieries and connaected with the branch by 5 short feeder lines runningin at various points.

Other Branches. Three other short branches are confirmed onavailable photo cover;

A 4.3 mile line from Chinlingchen (118 12-36 49) to the T'iehshaniron mines at Changpu.

A. 4 mile line SE from Tangts'un (117 43-36 41) to probable alumni-nous shale diggings.

A 2.8 mile line from P'uchi (117 38-36 43) S to two small coal miles.

d. Fuel

The fuel requirement of locomotives on the Shantung RR are believedto be around 90,000-100,000 tons per year. Fuel supply presents no problem,as coal production in the Shantung region is abundant for this and other needs.

The more important stations along the line are presumably all equippedwith water tanks and towers. Before the war there were 20 brick towers withtanks of 40-90 cubic.meters.

3. Capacity and Equipment

The present capacity of the Shantung RR, with rolling stock observed onthe line, seems more than adequate to handle present Japanese requirements.The limiting factor on expanding capacity in the future, as on North China linesin general, is probably rolling stock and locomotives, especially the latter.The roadbed is believed to be in good condition, and station and terminalfacilities ample. Though passenger trains are reported to run 2- hours late,a timetable of Octover 1944 schedules trains between Tsingtao and Tsinan at9 hours 50 minutes to 12 hours 40 minutes, an average of 19-25 miles per hour,

The Shantung RR shares in the enemy' s common pool of rolling stock and lo-comotives for the North China lines, being tied in twith the general networkat Tsinan. Little significance therefore attaches to the equipment presentat any time, except as a clue to the volume of traffid. From this standpoint,however, it is of some interest to compare the present number of cars andlccomoivea operatig on the line wsiththat of pre-war years.

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In. estimating present equipment th-re is uncertainty as to the proper allo-cation of cars and locomotives in the main yards at Tsinan between the Shantungand T , n . zIM i e nce the following table presents estimates first

exclu&i~ ~~a #~ ~i.ing an arbitrary allocation of 20A4 of thie averagecar c63sai I sha ars

Rolli Stock and Locomotives on the ShantunigRJTauary-iMarch, 1945)-

RolJ ingStock

Passenger carsF'reight cars

Total

locomotives

East of Tsinan

1,530

90

Including 20% ofTsinan Counts,

95

102

The above estimates are subject to a margin ofphoto cover is incomplete and of different dates.as many as two-thirds are gondolas, reflecting theminous shale and iron ore in. freight hauled by therage 30 tons each in capacity.

error of perhaps 2O%., asOf the 1,450 freight cars,predominance of coal, alu.-line. Freight cars aye-

In 1935..6 the Shantung RR carried approximately 3,250,000 tons of freight,amounting to 501, 53 5 ,48 7 ton-kilom~eters of commodity movement. Unlike manyother Chinese railways, this line was primarilyya carrier of freight, whichaccounted for 70% of the revenue. Coal was the principal item, consisting58% of the total tonnage.

4. Repair Facilities

Repair facilities of the Shantung BR consist of the major RR repair shopsat Tsingtao and Tsinan, among the largest in occupied china; and locomotivesheds and roundhouses at several places along the line between the two ter-minals. The former enga a in major repairs to locomotives, and in the caseof the Ssufang Shop~s at Tsingtao, the construction of rolling stock. Thelatter handle short-run maintenance, light repairs and sometimes medium re-pairs such as moving parts, damage from M/G bullets, etc.

T "j41

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in e Area there are no waterways of sufficient capacity to handleappreciable military traffic; of the few rivers in the region, most are inter-mittent or very drastically in volume with the seasons. These are used by smallboats (sampans) when stream conditions permit; but usually such navigation isconfined to the vicinity of the rivers' mouths.

In the poorly-drained area to the Northwest of TSINGTAO, streams tend to re-main. more constantly full (See Section. 1, "Terrain"). However, these are few in

number, shallow, winding, and useable only by small native boats. In this areathe rivers and creeks serve, as well as may be, the function of tdads, for theregion is notabl deficient of highways, Again in this case, the waterways arenot capable of accommodating appreciable military traffic.

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SEC .. TER1TYS 1x 9? n

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PORT FACILITIES .SEQTION 6hII hI I~ 0 - Reference:. Plans 5, 6.

KIAOCHOW (Chiaochou) Bay indents the southern shore of the SHANTUNG Peninsulaat its inner western end. The bay is roughly circular in shape and has a width ofabout 13 miles. It is entered between TAIPING KIO and SlANG TSUI about 3 milessouthwestward. The shores of the bay arc indented by several smaller bays most ofwhich dry out. Several streams navigable by junks only flow into KIAOCHOW Bay.

TSINGTAO outer harber is moderately deep and lies between a line joiningTAIPING KbO and SIANG TSUI and a line joining KIAOTZESHIH TSUI and a point markedby YUNEI SHAN 1 3/4 miles northward of KIAOTZESHIH TSUI. The bottom is sand andmud and is good holding ground. The landing place in the outer harber is at thesteps on either side of the pier in TSINGTAO WAN.

Vessels also anchor in the inner harbor which is just west of the outerharbor.

A cuarantine anchorage is located southward and southwestward of TSINGTAO.

TSINGTAO has the greatest export tonnage in NORTH CHINA; OSS studies indicatean annual total of 1,853 000 Metric Tons. The port is divided into two shippingareas, Great Harbor and Little Harbor.

Great Harbor is protected by a large semi-circular breakwater. It has anarea of one square mile and is entered at the southwest through a channel 306yards wide. The outer half of the harbor was dredged to 26 feet and depths offrom 23 to 27 feet exist along the wharves. Dredges are available and appear tobe active so it is presumed that the depths are maintained. Details of shippingand dock installations are as follows: (Numbers in parentheses refer to keynumbers in Plan $)

(41) Wharf #1 consists of 4,000 feet of quay space for large vessels; hasfive warehouses 170' x 125', a building 105' x 85', a storage shed 270' x 30',several small buildings, and extensive open storage; it is served by 4 sidingswhich lead to two railway spurs.

(42) Wharf #2 consists of 3,666 feet of quay space for large vessels; hasone warehouse 410' x 135', two warehouses 300' x 135', and some open storage; itis served by three railway spurs.

(44) Wharf # 3 consists of 3400 feet of quay space for large vessels; iscovered with open storages; and is served by four railway spurs.

(45) wharf #4 consists of 510 feet of quay space for large vessels; has nostorage facilities apparent, has an unloading device; is connected to an oilstorage area of 29,560 Tons by six inch, and eight inch pipelines; and is servedby one railway spur.

a 424 1,ha #5, .ronsts of 2900 feet of quay space for large vessels, plusa pie 0'x' 20 buildings ranging from 210' x 20' to 40' x 20' and

large stock piles of coal and aluminum shale; it is served by two stationarycranes (one electric rated at 150 tons) and by numerous railway spurs.

(46) Wharf #6 consists of 2950 feet of quay space and is probably not useableby large vessels. There are numerous shop and quarters buildings.

Storage Area servicing the wharves of Great Harbor is located along the baseof Wharves #1 through #4 and consists of an area 4200' x 1150'. The area con-tains 68 warehouses ranging from 350' x l05'tz 60' x 30', and many miscellanooutsbuildings. Large stock piles are also visibly in the area. Nurrierouo railwayspurs serve the area.

-9-

Little harbor, covering an area of' 180t x 1450', is protected by- two break.-water's with an entrance' of 310' wide between them (14). The mean depth at low

raj;L. feet. Two piers 335' and 270' long and a warehouse 270'~ ~f~NEside of' the basin. The largest installation is a dock-

yar&'d ossti o °'Adrydock 480 feet long by 75 feet and capable of' handlingships up to 450 feet long and 6500 gross tons (13).

A naval harbor has been developed to the south of the city by constructing abreakwater connecting the small island of' TSINGTAO with the point to the Ec st.This area is u3sed by the .Japanese as a naval supply depot. Extensive open storageis available.

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There are three airfields and one seaplane base in the area.

a. IIUTING Airdrome. (120 24-36 13)'13 miles north of TSIN~GTAO on North Dank of PAISHA. River.

runways:Na -SSE, 3400' , it170' hard. surface

M WSW, 3300' x 170' hard surfaceDi s~ereals: 24 large and S small revetments.-efense 19 A/W positions, probably 20 mm.Good highway to TSINGTA0O

b. TSINGTAO Air~drome. (120 24-36 10)On East shore of Kiaochow Bay 7 mil.es NAVh'E of TSING'TA0.

Runways:NW - SE, 3700' x 320' hard surface

NE SW 3575' x 320' hard surface.NW SE, 2300' x 95 1 un%.sed.Di~spersals: 25 large and 5 small revetments8Defenses: One A/W and. 4 vI/G positions.

d. LUAbTTSUN Airfield. (120 14-36 22)5 miles SW of LUANTSUN.A graded strip probably not useable.

d. TSINGTAO Seaplane Base. (120,17-36 03)2.35 feet wide ramps.

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JAPA]S1ESE ORDER OF BATTLE

ED. JAPANESE STRE]TGTH IN TSINIGTAO AND~ VICINITY:

Major army units*5 Independent Mixed Brigade**

12 Independent Guard Unit

Army non-divisional unitsNava: ground unit sAir ground units

II xIivIP0RPA1NT 41vjY PERSNAITIES:

5Independent tiixed Brigade**

Commnanding General

12 Independent Guard Unit.Commanding General

(Date: 20 Aug 191+5)

4, goo

9, 600I, 001, 50'01,000

13, 100

Major General 2AGA1N0 EIJI ?(.&iso listed as CG 9 Independent

Guard Unit, TSIMAN Area)

Unknown

*Elements 110 Division may also be in TSINGTA.0 area.

** With 9 Independent Guard Unit, may have been expanded to new divisionTSINGTAO area.

f-. 2-

CHINEE FORCES. IN TEH SHAITUG E APEA

(Communists, National Guerrillas, Puppets)

A. COMMiiUNISTS,

Military Organization -- North of the LUNG-HAI Railroad Communist forcesin China are under the jurisdiction of the Eighth Route Army. North of thisline and east of the TSIN-PU Railway, all forces in the province of SHA1UNGbelong to the Shantung Base Area. To the west of the TSIN-PU railway. theregion covered by the present report falls in the Chi Lu-Yu (Hopei-Shantung-Honan) Base Area. The latter Base area is divided into a northern and asouthern district: The Chi-Nan (Southern Hopei) and Chi-u-Yu (Hopei-ShantungHonan) districts.

Regular troops wear uniforms and have equipment and training that isslightly better than that of the guerrillas. The regullars are mobile units;service in them is voluntary. This is also true of the guerrillas. Both r .ee;receive orders through a regular chain of command and both are supplied bythe Eighth Route Army supply department. The guerrillas, however, operatein plain clothes, and generally their operations are confined to particular

areas. Guerrillas are drawn from the regulars and the militia.

The militia is ostensibly a voluntary service, though pressure is exerted

on individuals to join. The militiamen, unlike regulars and guerrillas,have ordinary vocations aside from soldiering. The militia get some trainingfrom regular troops and from the hsien and Ch'u militia commanders. The

militia have a variety of military and para-military functions. During ope-rations they are subject to the nearest military command, which may upon

occasion assemble the militia from several hsien.

In general it can be said that the Communist forces in Shantung are con-centrated in the mountainous areas of the LUICHU1 O and CHIAOTtUNG districts.

All of these forces are subject to the ultimate authority in the Base Area

of the 115 Division command. The forces include not only the regular troops,guerrillas, and militia but two additional categories: The Self-DefenseCorps, and Armed Torking Detachments. The former is in effect a compulsoryorganization, comprising all males and females between the rages of 15 and'45.Like the militia, it is local, but with little if any equipment.

The Armed Working Detachments are general-purpose guerrillas who engagenot only in fighting but n the establishment of local governments, espio-

nage, resistance to Japanese penetration, propaganda. The Detachments hadtheir inception in the latter part of 1942 when Communist frontal resistanceto the Japanese had proved inadequate in the course of mppping-operations.The Armed Working Detachments were formed with the objective of going into

enemy-held areas. They frequently cross railways, and have underground ope-rations in occupied cities and tomns. The Detachments are the basic psy-

chological-warfare instrument of the Eighth Route Army. Made up of 20-5Qplainclothesmen each, they are led by political workers. There are reportedto be about 1,000 of the Detachments altogether in the Shantung region. Mem-bers of the. Detachments are armed with grenade and some rifles. These unitsare employed in major operations of the Eighth Route Army and play an irrpor-tant part in those operations.

The Communists in Shantung also operate what amounts to a guerrilla fleet

which preys on small coastal shipping. The shortage of larger vessels appears

to have forced the Japanese to resort in some degree to the use of small

*sailing craft which are compelled to stay near the coast. This shipping,manned by puppet Chinese, has proved a paying target to the Communist guer-rillas. The latter, in sampans and armed with rifles and hand grenades, aresaid to employ tactics of ramming and boarding the enemy. In this way theCommunists have acquired some steam launches, sailing transports, and even

occasional Japaese gunboats, as treL as substantial stores of rice and kao-

* hng. HiYIdSG (131 114-36 143) has been an important larof the Communistpiatos for their elow Sea operations. This molestation of enemy shippinghas evidently irritated the Japcne~se into nuli

-l3- ____________~ ~i a;*-y4 v,,

tv t4 LASS i 4:'.

an occasional punitive expedition against a Communist base. But the Corn-unst harassing activity appears to contiz.ue.

B, PUPPETS.

Puppet political organization in occupied China. called Shantung to beincluded in the territory under the jurisdiction of the North China Politi-cal Affairs Commission. This adainistration in turn was nominally subjectto the (puxppet) 1sational .Government of China at Nanking. I4i fact, the North0hiria Commission has enjoyed a virtual monopoly of the puppet power in itsown territory, and the Nanking government practically has had no voice.However, Shantung, being a borderland of the. Political Affairs Commission's"North China", has reflected to some extent the rivalry of Nanking with Peiping-- underlain by the rivalry of the enemy' s Chinese Expeditionary Army with theIuantung Army of the north. Thus there are elements of both national puppetarmay and the !north China Pacification Army in the Shantung region.

The III Area Arrny, with a reported strength of 25,000 is generally agreedto be in Shantung, being stationed in the central and northwestern parts ofthe province. Its commrander, Wu Husm-wen, was formerly Qommander of GovernorHan Fu.-chi) s Revolver Brigade in S hantung. At the Start of the war Wu wasgiven commriand of the Chinese 4 Division b;, the then Governor Admiral ShenJung-lieh. In 1942, when General Yu hsueh--chung had refused to promote Wuto army commander, the latter went over to the Japanese.' At that time hereceived his present post as the chief puppet military commander in the pro-vince.

There have also been units of the North China Pacification.Army in Shan-tung, This Army organized in army groups of three regiments each, has itsheadquarters at Peiping. The 4 Group Army, with a reported strength of about4,500 troops, is located in northwest Shantung. There has been some un-certainty as to the whereabouts of the S Group Army. Reports of August 1944placed it both in southern Hopei province and. in northern Shantung. A sub-sequent report put this formation en east central Shantung. In view of thisseries, it seems most likely that the Group may have been in Hopei and thenmoved progressively southeast to a present garrison area in the Shantung regionLike the 4 Group Army, the S Group is said to have a strength of 4,500.

In addition to the above units of the national puppet army and the NorthChina Pacification Arrmy, there sire provincial puppet formations in the re-gion. Often these seem not to be integrated in any regular and unifiedscheme of com:and. Partly this is attributable to the fact that they are lo-cal forces only (stemming-from former tentral-government Peace PreservationCorps) ann4 perhaps to a greater extent it is because pert of the price of surr-ender by these puppet laders was stipulated to be independence from other mili-tary puppets. Into this category falls Chang Puiyun, who was commander ofthe 2 Peace Preservation Division of Shantung from 1940 to 1342. Other suchsemi-independent units are the PeopLet8 Comrunist Suppression Armay of Shan-tung and the Shantung Peace Preservatioh Force.

The known regular puppets in the region total about 6O,000 troopsBut, like other puppet forces in China, its strength should not be taken tooseriously. The stateuaent has been made with respect to both the organizationsof Wu Hua-wen and 0hang Pu-Yun that "They have good. equipment". It may bethat relative to other puppets this is true. Yet available intelligencedoes not suggest that more than half the puppet troops have rifles; the ratioof machine guns to troops appears not to exceed 1:100; and they possess noother arms. The Japanese arenot disposed to equip the -puppet formations well Gbecause the latter are not reliable. It is by now a familiar statement thatpuppet troops regard their status only as a livelihood, anda probably tem-porary one. It would appear that Chinese who have not capitulated to theenemy quite generally take this same non-political vieir of puppets at leastin the lower echlons.

Even those at thetop, in their character as condottieri, are certainlynot mrked by any thorough and lasting loyalty to the Jap~'nese. On the contra-ry, it seenis likely tht the puppPet leades are concerned now chiefly with the

.44.--i r

...........

~ I..

question of the timing and manner of a new switch of sides in the war.

That the enemy do not trust the puppet leaders is shown by the customof "advisers" to the puppet military units, The independence of the latteras the forces of the enemys Chinese ally is purely nominal. Reports of winter1944 stated that the Japanese were exerting closer control than ever over thepuppets.

C. GUERRILLAS.

While the 6omrnunist movement came to Shantung from outside the province,numerous guerrilla units now present in the region are indigenous. Thesenon-Communist groups are in part the survival of provincial and peace pre-servation troops as those existed in Shantung during the period of central-government rule in the province, These guerrillas continue to use the de-signations given them by the Kuomintang provincial governor two and threeyears ago ,when the governor's administration remained within Shantutng. Therehas been virtually no connection among the several guerrilla groups sincethe poovincial administration moved to FOUYANG (Anhwei province) late in1943. The non-Communist guerrillas are scattered in a large number of dis-gricts over the region, often separated by Comm: unist-controlled or enemydominated areas. The total non-oinmunist guerrilla forces in Shantung pro-bably number roughly 100,000 and allowance should be made for the puppetaffiliations of some of them,

It is admitted by the guerrillas that, even collectively, they are scarcelya match for the Eighth Route Army with its systematic organization and mili-tant policy, and have been losing territory to the Corsmunists. The guerrilla...groups support themselves locally, some of then can manufacture in limited

quantity certain light weapons, but they are very short of ammunition; attemptsof the Shantung provincial government to supply ther:m from F0UYANG are repor-ted to have been frustrated by Eighth Routh depredations on the way, so thatwhat munitions were not captured by the Communists were expended by theguerrillas in fighting them. Recently, no further attempts to supply the

guerrillas from Anhwei have been made. The guerrilla groups have been anxiousto strengthen their position by acquiring military stores, particularlyammunition, and one leader has claimed that with L,000,000 rounds they could

launch an effective attack on the Japanese in Shantung which would makeAmerican invasion of the region a relatively blibdless 'affair. Wang Yu-

min's forces, strategically situated along the railroad., could, it is claimed,interrupt traffic on the line and otherwise interfere with Japanese communi-cations in the Shantung peninsula.

A final complicating factor of the central-government political picture

in Shantung is the presence there of 300-400 Tai Li agents, charged with

their usual clandestine functions and reported to operate a half dozen radiostations in the region.

A summaarization follows of effective Nationalist guerrilla leaders and

forces:

1. Wang Yu MinComm,'adgr, 15thh A hantuAg dvancing Army, 15,000 en.

2. Chao Pao Yuancommaander, 12th Emergency Division, 6,000 men

3. Chi SulHoForce of 2,000 men

4 King Li ChuanCosmander, 2nd independent Advancing olumn, 3,000 men

5. Yen Keh ChingCommander, 9th Column of Shantung advancing Armay, 4,500 men

6. u Tihg SanCommander, 2nd Column of Shantung Advancing Army, 20,000 men,

loosely organized and at least half puppet.7. Ohang 0 hing Yueh

Co4.Iander, 3rd Peace Preservation Division. 15,000 nn, noiallypuppet .

-1--: i ,1 i~~ ~8

~'" Ii

8. Wang You.tiWei (and Wang Chi Ping) T N 01kl4000 men

9. Cheng Chang TingCommander, -28th Advancing Column, 5,000 men

10. Chang Li Yuan36th Division,. 3,000 Len.

31. Wang Hung ChiuCommmander, 10th Columin of~ Shantung Advancing Army, 10,000 men (5000

12. Liang Chung Ting effective)

13, Shen Tsuxig ChowCommander, 2nd Peace Preservation Division, 3,000 men

14, Kung Chen HuanCoimmander, 16th.-Peace Preservation BRegt, 2,000 men

15. Tseh Yu~ WeiCommander, 2nd Peace Preservation Brigade, 9,000 men.

16. Chang 'Z'e LiangComumander, 6th Peace Preservation Brigade, 1, 500 men.

17~ Chung Yu Ching1,000 men

18. Chang Chi'ing YuCommander,' 11th Peace Preservation Brigade, 3,000 men.

19. Sun Ping 4sien1, 000 men

20. Chang Te Kang(1) Peace Preservation Brigade, 2,000 men.

21. Teng iiei WuCommander, 22nd Peace Preservation Brigade, 1,000 men..

22. Li Shan LiangTsingtao Peace Preservation Corps, 4,000 men.

f;; ~ ' i - f ,., ,7f.9

ti

.. . .

SECTION 10 - D'FENSES

Reference: Plan 4

ya z± Aff v'w t I + 44L S

The defenses of TSI TA0 fall into two principal categories; airfielddefenses, and coastal and. harbor 'defenses. The former are clusteredarond the three landing fields in the area and consist of machine guns andautomatic weapons. A few machine guns also cover such obvious targets asdocks, railroad shops, and principal industres.

Harbor and coastal defense works are located along the coast at

salient points, at the harbor entrance, and also on high points to therear of the city which command the harbor aproaches. It is probablethat the installations at Map References 1510, 1412, nd. 1714 are locatedin the old German coastal defense emplacements, which included undergroundquarters and storage facilities. These were constructed principally ofreinforced concrete, with some steel turrets; they were badly damagedin the last war, but should still be capable of providing useful shelterfor guns and crews. Other former German ,works were concrete blockhousesin the vicinity of Map Reference 1912 and..postib-y farther east: but thereis no evidence that the Japanese are making use of these.

-1-7

YA ' I

!: rd s.

SECTION 11 - MIIT.A.RY STORAGE ADD ST6tA

In TSINGCTAO as elsewhere, the Japanese have made the fullest possibleuse of existing storage facilities. Warehouses and godowns will be espe.-cially concentrated about shipping and railroad facilities; and to a lesserdegree, will be associated with industrial areas (See Section 14 "Industry";and Plan 5). In addition, they have made school grounds and buildings intosupply dumps. Some storage may be expected around airfields.,

A coi.pilation follows of chief storage points in the TSINGTAO Area.

1. Dump at TAONG Dock No. 2; arms, ammunition and gasoline.2. Shipyard at HSIAOKONG - naval supplies

3. HSIAO-tsing-tao Island; gasoline4, SHANITUNG University premises, on Vniversity Road: naval supplies

5. MING( ?)Factor on MONGOLIA Road: army supply durp.6., No. 3, SHi.N HO Road (40 meters Southeast of Greater Harbor): air-

craft parts., Qantities of coal, salt, and other minerals are reported in

open wtorage in the Greater Harbor area.

Following items are ksy-numbered corresponding to Plan 6,

36. Storage area

51. Oil storage1300' x 630'

50. Oil storage950' x 8501

52. Oil Storage750' x 200'

43 whses ranging 350' x 105' to 125' x 65', 25whses and storage bld.s ranaging 115' x 40' to60' x 30', admin. bldg 145' x 50', many smallrisc bldgs, large quantities of loose stores andcoal stoclpiles. Area served by numerous RR spurs;$0 RR cars present 9 Sept 1944.

former property of Asiatic Petroleum Co; 2storage tanks 90' in diay., another of similardian. either being renoved or burned out, 4 tanksranging 40' to 25' in diam., 3 tanks 15' in diam.,

10 whses ranging 160' x 75' to 50' x 50', reportedcan factory 115' x 90t, several small bldgs;area served by RR spur.

Former property of Standard Vacuun Oil Co, and

Mitsubishi Oil Co; 6 sttrage tanks ranging 105'to 55' in diam, 3 tanks av. 20' in diam., founda-tions of 4 tanks removed in Standard Vacuum OilCo. property; 4 whses ranging 195' x 90' to 95' x401) 15 sto rage bldgs av. 50' x 20', several smallbldgs, loose stores.

Former property of Texas Oil Co; storage tank 55'in diary, 5 whses ranging 155' x 35' to 60' x 30'reported can.factory 125' x 40', several smallbldgs, some loose store.

65. Poss, buried oil 2 circular excavations 100' x 70' in diam insidestorage under of hill probably to receive Oil storage tanks.contruction Coot Adjacent area shows considerable construction ac-x 400' tivity, the nature of which is not yet determinable

38. Industry & Stor- 2 i ulti-story bldgs 190' x 85', 4 storage shedsage 630' x 320' av 210' x 40', large quantity of loose stores.

7. Barracks & Stor- 19 barracks av $5' x 25', 5 storage bldgs av. 100'age 1050' x 425' x 20',' large area of loose stores, water tower

15' in diameter.

69, Storage Depot1970' x 1250'

-F t v 'r ,f ! t.

. ~ ,' S,:i .~

5 whses 365' x 65', 7 whses ranging 210' x 30' to100' x 25', water tank 20' in diam, large quan-tity of loose stores. Area served by 3 RR sidings.

-1g«

49, Mlarshalling & Marshalling yard 10 tracks wide and. 3700'coal storage yard long, coal storage area 1550' x 400' served by3700' x max. several RR spurs and containing large stock-1050' pf~es of' coal, small repair yard. with 4 shops

ranging 1001 x 50' to 50' x 30' & turntable 95'in diem.

3. Explosive Stormsage 380' x 170'

2 heavily revetted, paint-camouflaged prob.concrete reinf~orced. bldgs each 1.151 x 50'.

~* '.'a

SECTION~T12

ELECTRlICAL i MUUNs OFD C0M iICATI0N

R.(. adio-.Telegraph. It is to be expected that radio-.telegraph faci-.lities will be associated with airfields. In addition, air reports indi-cate the following stations:

(Follrwing items' are key-numbered to flan 6)

4 Rado tation4+20'f x 260'

56 Rad.io Station750' x 650'

16 Radio Station1001 x 50'

3 stick mast placed in a triangle with sides 390'1'E-SW, 300' YN-S & 235' WIT -BSE; U.-shped trans-ittor bldg 210' x 35 ' overall, in center of triangle.

Prob low frequency B/F station; 4 stick masts arran-ged in a square with sides 4351 long aligned NE-SSW and WIW-SE, each mast with bldg 10' x 10' atits base; fifth mast in. center of square admactent toT-shaped 'bldg 95' x 30' overall; 2 bldgs 601 x30' & 40' x 30' at N~ side. of area.

Single mast with bldg 50' x 40'. Reported to be sig-nal & m~eteorological station.

±adio-telegraph call signs have been recordd as follows:

XflB2fNTT

44706750

124-9012500

These calls are probably all usec by the sane station

(2) Radi.o Broadcasting, Station XG.DP, with a frequency of 1150 KC, Inview of the frequency, this is probably a station broadcasting voice andprograms.

B.' Telegraph. Telegraph lines paralleled the railway to TSIAN~. Thesewere used in the operation of the railroad and to provid~e civil telegraphsexrvice to the remainder of the country.

G. Telephone. There was an automatic exchange serving the city, althoughits fate at the hands of the Japanzse is not known. Telephone buildingwas located at the North end of CH' U1G SI{A (fo xmerly SHANTUTTG) Road.

Dl. Submarine Cables. ;None recorded

as0R f 9 V) T

SECTION *j

POWER ST,'TIONS OF TSINT~iD (120 19-36 04)

INSTh=LLLEDCAACITY (kw)

I, 000-%

Two plants of the ChiaoAn Electric Co. total43,000

13,8$00;. Maximnum load6, 400,.

PRODUCED

a-c, 6,600 v., 50 cycles

Probably a/c, 3,300v., 3phase 50 cycles

a-c, 3,300 v. , 50 cyrcles

COMMUNITIESSEiiVED

Cotton mill

TSINGTAO power (24,000 sub-scribers) and light (8,000subscribers) incikuding out-put of' other plant

TS INGTAO

TSINGTA0

4, 000 or morn* a-c, 3,300 v., 3 phase,50 cycles

TSINGT2O lighting (bulbs ocapacity 160,000 of' 16 can-dIe power) and power (in-

chiding supply of' muni-cipal pumping station atLits'un and 4 municipaldrainage pumping stations)

a.-c, 3,300 v., 50 cycles Cotton mill

IT UT

1? It

1,500; L .lhxium lad1, 530;:

a-c, 600 v.,

1,500

1, 250

3,500* a-c, 3,300 v., 50 cycles

Cotton mill (39,000 spindles

Egg factory

Supplies W'ata Kaishra' cottonmill in TSITIA (63,200spindles)

Cotton Mill

II NT

UI It

UI H

HT H4,000

" Denotes SteamDenotes DieselNo marking, type unknown.

-21-.

r.. ir

t

13,800*-;

2, 500%?

15,000

15,-_000

50 cycles Factory

1[ 4 F'i.A2 Y E

I' t T

r1 f V 'F R

J

SECT O ! ¢'ae Bar c nYpp

INDUSSTRIES ta I

'IINJsingtao was predominantly that of a railhead for&iastern Shantung and a principal shipping outlet for much of North China,Sich shops and foundries as were required to serve railroad needs (and on amuch -lighter scale, ship-service facilities') were the basic industries in thearea, but could hardly be termed heavy industry.

Tttile, food--processing (particularly powdered eggs and peanut oil, whichwere exported in large quantity), and minor consumer-goods plants formed thebulk of the remaining indust ries. It is to be expected that, here as else-where, the Japanese have converted all adaptable facilities to the manufactureof arms and ammunition. An "aircraft factory" with a capacity of thirtyplanes per month is also reported operating in the former Kungla CottonMill. (This is most likely an assembly plant.)

The location of manufacturing areas is clearly shown on Plan 5. A summaryof manufacturing facilities follows:

1: Naval Factory (location not, available). Repairs warships and navalweapons.

2. Steel Refinery, in coastal area southwest of Tsangk'ou.3. Toyada Iron Plant, located at Shuich'ingkou, makes coloration and

textile machines.4. Showa and Mitsuda Iron Plants; location not available.5,. Arsenal; on Chiaochou Bay north of Tsangk'ou. Identifiable by eight

high smokestacks.

Following factories are listed under key-numbers appearing on Plan 6.Duplication with the above is possible.

79 Textile Mill1650' x 10501

61 Textile MYill2100' x 1050'

63 Textile mill2600' x 1350'

67 Textile MillL870' x 940'

77 Textile mill1300' x.730'

95 Textile mill2100' x 730'

sawtooth roof bldg 7001 x .350', 6 whsas av 230' x 60';12 storage-type bldgs ranging 125t x 60! to 801 x 30t,power plant 1351 x 25' with tall stack, 2 large waterbasins. Plant served by RR.

sawtooth roof bldg 1250' x 310', 7 whises ranging 235' x

60' to 100' x 40', 8 storage and processing bldgs ranging320' x 125' to 70' x 60', power plant 175' x 105' with 3short st acks, water tank 25' in diem, admin. bldg 7501 x751 overall; large wabe± basin adjacent to plant area

sawtooth roof bldg 675' x 351, 3 processing bldgs av.155' x 135', 10 storage and processing bldgs ranging 175'x 40' to y 5' x 50', flat roof bldg 230' x 1251, powerplant 155' x 125' with tall stack, water tower 20'indiam, 10 admin bidge ranging 125' x 50' to'80' x 30',large water basin; plant served by BR spur, 2 whse.s2601 x 70'

3 sawtooth roof bldgs 625' x 260', 360' x 165' and 260'x 210t; 10 storage & processing bldgs ranging 240' x 50'to 85' x 40' , power unit 70' x 701 with tall stack.

2 sawtooth roof bldgs 675' x 200' & 365' 1, 260', stor-age bldg 41.90' x 60', 10 processing and storage bldgsav. 80t x 30', power unit 60' x 45.' -orith tall stack,water basin, admin. bldg 50' x 501

2 sawtooth bidge 8101 x 415' & 365'x 23)', 5 processingbldgs ranging 185' x 951 t o 12 5 x'60', 3 whses 380' x85', "4 storage bldgs av. 70' x 30', power plant 210' x135' at N, end of area at" least partially' operated withblast furnace gas from iron mill No. '97. Large basinalong shore near plant

~ n

-2.7

94 Textile miill

99 Textile iill1350' x 1150'

102 Textile mill

1350' x 750'

57 Textile mill950' x 760'

29 Textile mill450' x 2101

30 Textile mill1050' x 500'

76 Textile mill750' x 300'

27 jiutoiobil easseioil py ;plant

1150' <'525'

97 Iron mill100C' x 300'

10C Light Industry1960' x 525'

.h yii

2 sawtooth roof bldgs 630' x 420' & 525' x 210' , 4 ro-Serssinig Jdg.s ranging 250' x 170' to 115' x 95' , power

s ' t 2>' 1x 8o6 'ith 2 tall stacks c% co'ding toter 30'n.ia:1, 6 shops av. 601 x 45' , 12 storage bldgs cv.

90' x 60' , several admin d misc "bldgs. Plant servedvper ±dt sL ~r

sawtooth roof bldg 525' X. 436', 3 .rocessing bldgs rang-ing 325' x 175' to 150' x 140' , power unit 80' x 50' withtall stack, water tank 25' in diam., 4 storage & admin.bldgs ranging 115' x 50' to 50' x 50'

sawtooth roof bldg 580' x 485', 2 ahses av, 470' x 70',10 procesiag & storage bldgs ranging 125' x 50' to 50'x 351, acmin , ldg 100' x 30'.

2 sawtooth roof bldge 250' x 190' x 190' x 75', one withtall stack, 5 storage bldgs av. 1j' .x 40'.

saw~wtooth roof bldg 430' x 145', storage bldg 320' x 40'tall. stack

3 sawtooth roof bidgs 420' x 280'0 390' x 135' & 150' x

95' , 10 storage bldgs av. 150' :c 25' , tall stack. -t

time of photo cover, largest sawtooth roof bldg w;Jas afire

3 sawtooth roof bldgs 240' x 125', 210' x.70' & 165' x95 , ~porer unit $0' x 50' i ith tall stack, 8 storageand vrocessing bldgs randging 135 x 30' to 55' x 30'

14 shoe-type bldgs ranging 250' x 951 to 85' x 30'1,dl, L20' x 85' , numerous si_.aller bildgs; automobile testtrack; 55 vehicles present 9 Sept 15'4. Ground vehiclessources re-port an automoiile body 1rut in TSINTO-TL0 &this may be the l.antieferred to

2 blast furnaces each with 2 hot air stoves & tall stack

adjacent, 2 Digging and blowing engine bldgs 115' x 60'& 6o' x 4o', 10 storage bldgs ranging 135' x 35' to 50'x 20'. Overhead pies carry blast furnace gas from fur-naces to bldg 135' x 50' -here it is cleaned, and thence

to ower plant of textile mill No. 9§. Limestone, oreand coke stockpiles located nearby. Plant served by 2Re. spurs.

T-shaped bldg 550' x Sot overall, 2;rocessing bldg 230'x 1151, storage bldg 250' x 35', 9 storage bldgs av. 70'x 30', pow,-er unit 1701 x 451 with tall stack. 2 sawtoothroof'oldgs 515' x 210' & 210' x 210', large quantitiesof loose stores, 2 large basins., Most of the bldgs arepaint-camouflaged. Ground sources report a plant in theTSII\C .0 area engaged in making grain sacks using cottonplant bark as a substitute for hemp. It is possible thatthis is the plant referred to.

55 Poss. light me- 2 plants 350' x 350' & 500' = 951, the larger containingtal-xrking 4 shop-type bldgs ranging 115' x 95' to 6O' x 30', g

industries storage bUlcgs av, SO' 201. Smaller plant' contains 5slo type bldgs ranging 100' x 15' to 95' x 40', 5 storagebldgs av. 70' x 20'.

58 Prob. light composite group of sawitooth & flat roof bldg- aoprox.metal-working 725' x 135' with tall stac , 2 bldgs 200' 95' & 105'plant 1400' x x 75' 2 sloo-type bldgs 1051' 105'

200

23-,

- *; *:I 'FL >I;'r ~ ~ 02 -~ ag,

plant 1250' x625'

76 \ Maching shop500' xx 4001

monitor roof shop 330x 100', 5 monitor roof shops av.22 0 1 x 851, 9 shops & storage bldgs ranging 155' x 30'to 1001 x 301, admin bldg 135' x 30', 7 workers qtrsav. 150' x 201, several.small misc. bldgs & loose stores.

3 shop-type 'bldgs, 200' x 40', 175' x 50' & 1501 x 85';power unit 501 x 40' with tall stack, 5 storage-type bidgEav, 801 x 30'

66 Prob. metal- 2 shop-type bldgs 85' x 70' & 70' x 60' each with stackworking indus- adjacent, processing bldg 951 x 85', 15 storage bldgstry 400' x 250' ranging 135' x 40' to 60' x 25', admin bldg 70' x 401,

numerous small misc bldgs.

93 Metal fabrication monitor roof shops ranging 315 1 x 115' to 2301 xplant 850' 75, .whse 215' x 351, 4 admin & shop bldgs ranging 1601x 450' x85' to 85' x 50'

54 Chemical in-dustry 250'x 250'

39 Gas works260' x 100'

8 processing bldgs ranging 60' x 30' to 351 x 30', 3storage bldgs av, 50' x 20', 2 storage tanks 20' & 15'in diar., 2 small cooling or condensing towers, batteryof small tanks or condensers, loose stores.

bldg 85' x 50' with tall stack, 8 storage tanks ranging401~ to 15' in diam., numerous loose stores in adjacentarea

28 Reported brewery 14 processing & storage bldgs ranging 370k x 95= to 80!800' x 750' x50', tall stack, several smaller bldgs, some loose

stores

35 Wood-workingplant 2000'x 420'

101 Refractory iindustry65o' x 450'

2 processing bldgs 180' x 105' 1& 145' x 105', one withtall stack, 6 storage bldgs ranging 145' x.4 01 to 100'x 30', numerous small bldgs, area 1450' x av. 2101 Nof main bldgs occupied by stockpiles of lumber.

main liln-type bldg 260' x 125 ' with 4 short stacks,7 misc. bldgs ranging 95' 1 551 to 4o' x 25', admin-type bldg 525' x 30' overall

32 Ceramics indus- kiln bldg 95' x 40' with tall stack, 6 storage & proces-try 1300' x sing bldgs ranging 260' x 40' to 160' x 40', numerous320' smaller bldgs,. largenumber of small drying racks,

3 storage tanks av. 25' in diam.

Entries 92, 103, 59, 5, 38, 53, 37, 34, 31, 6, 70, 8, also refer tolight industries of unidentifiable type, or industrial areas.

In addition to these described above, scattered throughout the cityare from 25 to 30 small industries each consisting of'several processingand storage buildings, some rith small power units.

1 9 ;

____________________ Sp0TI-<1

WATER SUPPLY

The Germans inaugurated' the first municipal waterworks of the city. In1914, in World War I, the Japanese took the area from the Germans, expanded. thewaterworks, and held the territory until 1922 when it was transferred back tothe Chinese. 'After their re-occupation the Chinese continued to expand thewaterworks and started a project for an entirely'new source of supply. Thearea is again (1944) in Japanese hands, and as a result' a series of water shor-tages has occurredeach summer,

The Iits tun and $eishaho Wells and Pu ping Plants. Shantung is a dry pro-vince. The Germans, in their search for water, sank 160 wells within the citylimits and nearby country. but without success. In 1906 they erected. a pumpingstation and small waterworks at the Hai River; this station supplied only 600cu. n. of water per day. Some other method had to.be found to procure morewater.

Experiments and test wells showed that an average depth of 14 feet underthe dry bed of the Litstun River an abundant supply of water existed. Here theGermans d.cided to establish their water. station and pumping works, 7 miles fromthe port. The plant was completed on l909. The Lits tun River collects the waterfrom an area of 40 sq. miles. The plant furnished 1,800 cu. min. of water perday, which met the requirements of the city up to the tine of the Japaneseoccupation in 1914. When the Germans withdrew they destroyed the pumpsand machinery. The Japanese installedthree double-acting cross-compoundcondensing fly wheel pumping engines with a capacity of 125 cu. in. p. h.each. The water is pumped seven miles from the collecting tank through a16-in, pipe line to the reservoirs on the summit of Moltke Hill, renamedWakazura-Yama by. the Japanese.

Service Reservoirs. Here the Japanese have enlarged the original Ger-man reservoir which has a papacity of 2,000 tons of water, by the addition ofanother which lies alongside the first one and has a capacity of 4,000 cu. m.A third reservoir was being planned in 1921.

The Japanese have enlarged the supply of the Lits t un station by driving15 new wells in another part of the river and employing the same system.The pumping capacity also has been expanded. There are three sets of two-stagemotor-driven turbines, each with a capacity of 500 cu. i, p. h., operated bycurrent supplied by the ninicipal plant at TSI~hGTA.O

With the growth of the city, the Japanese have been complelled to gofarther afield in search of water. They selected the next large river, thePeishaho, fourteen miles from Tsingtao, as the site for a new pumping station.The catchment area of this river is 80 sq. miles. The pumping plant, com-pleted in 1920, is identical with the Litssun plant, but with some improve-ments in machinery. There are three' horizontal, double acting plunger pumpswith a water cylinder of 220 mmz. diameter and a capacity of 125 cu. rn. p. h.These are operated by horizontal, cross-compound condensing engines, cylinders280 x 440 mm. and 500 mm.M, stroke, 6o r. p. in. There are'3 Lancashire boilers,7 ft. in diameter and 28 ft. 4 in. long. The 15 wells can supply 8,000 cu, .of water per day. A 16-in, pipe line discharges into the Moltke 'reservoir,14 miles away. An additional 16-in, pipe line was laid. At the water de-partment office in Tsingtao there is a Barr & Lennox electric water levelindicator, which records for every hour the amount of water used and. the levelin the reservoir.

Up to September 1920 the total length of water mains in Tsingtao was123,933 m. The Japanese had so far expended over $1,000,000 in inprovingthe water supply of this city.

Booster Stations. When the area reverted to the Chirese the waterworks

V L-m m 'i;i a~i.ii

was returned completely to the management of the Chinese, who made variousimprovements and expansions, including a booster pumping station at MengkouRoad and a second booster station near the Airdrome. They built also a newsupply called the "Western tInlit" of the Litsrn ?works.

All supplies were drawn from wells along the banks of the Hai and theLitstun Rivers and fed by the subsurface waters of the streams.

In 1937 the supply appears to have been as follows:

Haipo WorksLits tun. WorksPeisbha Works

2,000 cu. n. d.9,000 cu. m. d.

12,000 cu. iiid.23,000 cu. n. .

Distribution Piping, At this time the distribution system appears tohave consisted of a 400 cu, r. reservoir on Observatory Hill, a 2,000-cu.n. and a 4,000 cu. M. reservoir on Reservoir (Moltke) Hill, and about 150km. of distribution mains, of which 60 km. were installed by the Germans, 3Ekm. r. the Japanese and 54 kn. by the Chinese.

To meet the need for more water the Chinese prepared two projects.That known as the emergency ii asure was undertaken at once. It consisted o:(I) the drilling of five new wells at siliuchuang to aul:ent the supplyfrom the Peisha River; (2) three newwellsat Changtsun to augment thesupply of the Lits'un works; (3) the utilization of water from the explo-ratory drilling for dam foundation at Huangp tu, which water was conveyed tothe Peisha Wroks through sluices. The last project . was completed and fur-nished an additional 5,000 cu. m. p. d.

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k -1 SECTION 16

FOOD SUPPLY AND PROCUP IENTI

Under normal conditions Shantung is a comparatively rich province in foodproduction. -1pproxiately 47% of the province is. under clutivation; the prin-cipal crops being soybeans, barley, wheat, kaoliang, millet, peanuts, tobacco,and fruit.

The following table gives the production of cereal crops in Shantungprovince in 1938 (which is considered a fair estimate of normal annual pro-duction):

Rice 44o,000 piculs*Glutinous Rice $1,000 piculsWheat 61, 002, 000 piculsBarley 4655,000 piculsKaoliang 36,401,000 picul sMillet 37,642,000 piculsMaize 7,839,000 piculsOthers 1,736,000 piculs

* 1 picul equals 133 1/3 pounds.

Since the Japanese occupation Qf Shantung a rationing system of a sorthas been in effect.

Except in the large cities in Shantung, the rationing system has almostcoupletely broken down and there is a marked shortage of food stuff, particu.-larly flour in the Japanese controlled area, as very little grain is allowed

to leave the areas under the control of the guerrillas And the Communists.Due to poor harvebt, business depression, heavy taxation and the general;highcost of living, even the better class people now subsist on corn meal which

was in pre-war days only eaten by the lowest cass. The lower middle classis now consuming large ouantities of bean cake which was formerly used forfertilizer and animal food, while the poorer class do as best they can onbran- a diet which results in rapid deterioration of health-and there aremany cases of starvation.

In the Japanese controlled areas, the farmers are compelled to give up20% of their farm produce to the Japanese without payment. In the guerrillacontrolled areas, this form of levy takes about 30% of the crops producedwhereas in the Communist controlled districts, the agricultural land has beenreallocated among the farmers who are only allowed to keep sufficient food fortheir own consumption, the 'alahce being given to the Communist controlledgrain stores from which it is issued by the Communist officials to the non-agricultural population,

Generally speaking, the cost of food in the guerrilla area is about 30%cheaper than in the Japanese controlled area; and the prices in the Communist

area are only about half of that of the Japanese controlled area, ,althoughin the latter area money infrequently enters into such a transaction.

Flour, under normal conditions is the staple food of North China. Per-sons emlployed by the Japanese are able to obtain restricted quantities of flourat FRB $ at $1,000.00 per bag (49 lbs) which is $900 cheaper than the priceon the black market.

The following table gives an indication of relative prices of staple

foods as of the last of February 1945Wheat ;FRB $27.00 per cattyKaoliang 17.00 " TI

Millet 25,00 " II

peanuts (in shells) 9.00 11 i

Cornreal 25,00 I tBeawn Cake 600 '" "Flour 1,800.00 per bag of 49 lbs.;

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PEOPFLE A.&N COVMN'flI1ET $ i g

1, In order to gain a clear understanding of the'political pattern inShantung, consideration Dust be given to, three factors, namely: (a) Puppet,"North Qhina Political Council," (b) National Goverment, (c) CommunistPolitical Arrangements.

a. North China Political Council. fter the enemy occupied Peiping andTientsin, they formed a puppet North China Political Council consisting ofeighteen members of which one is chiairman. Under this council there werethree commissions: internal affairs, general affairs, and financial affairs.Then there were five other commissions for pacification, economics, educa-tion agriculture, and.labor affairs. In each of these commissions, there wasa Chinese Coziissioner, a Japanese assistang commissioner, and one advisor,one director and two assistants of which all were Japanese.

The narie of provincial government was changed into provincial governors:soffice for the provinces Hopeh, Shantung, Honan, Shansi and Huaihai. In eachprovince there was a governor, a Japanese-superior advisor, a Japanese direc-tor, a Japanese assistant, a Japanese liaison officer (previous secret service)and two to four Japanese councillors. The actual power of government wasin the hands of the advisor and the director. Under the provincial governor soffice there were. the five commissions for provincial administration, finance,construction, education, and police. The vice-commissioners were all-Japa-nese.

The provinces were each divided into Tao. Hopeh had eight, Shantung hadten, Honan had three, and Shansi had four Tao. This organization of the taowas similar to the special inspectorate of administration system which we(Chinese Government) originally had. Under each tao comes the various hsinn.(county) offices (used to be called hsien governm~ent). In each hsien officethere is a Japanese advisor who has the real power of government, and thepeople called him the "Supreme hsien-governor", At Peiping, Tiontsin, andTsingtao are formed the special municipal offices (directly under the controlof the North China Political Council). In each municipality are a mayor,a Japanese advisor, a secretary, a councillor, and heads of four departments.There are the bureaus of police, labor, social affairs, finance, education,and hygiene, and the offices of foreign affairs, distribution of supplies,propaganda, and public management. ,Aso there are asylums, office of specialadministration districts, marine police bureaus, and the office of news-con-tro1, etc.

A list of the officials of the puppet North China Political Council:

Chairman Wang Yin =ts'aiMembers of Standing

Cormittee: Wang Yin-t'ai, Su Ti-jen, Tu Hsi-chun,Wen Yuan-mo, Wang Shih-ching, ChienTseng-shih, T'ang Yang. -tu, Yu Ch' in-ho,Yu Hsi-chieh.

Members: Chao Chti, Ptan Yu-Xuei, Wu Tsan-chou,Leng hia-chi, Chou Tso-j en, Chang Jen-li, Chang Chung-chih, Chu Shu-yuan,Chou-Ch'uan-sun.

Commissioner of General Affairs Su Ti}jenCommissioner of Internal Affairs Su Ti-jenComaissioner of Financial Affairs Wang Shih-chingCommissioner of Economics Wang Shih-chingCommissioner of Pacification Tu Hsi-chunCommissioner of Agriculture Ch' erg Tseng-shihCommissiner 'of Ed~tion Wen YIuan-oCoissioner of, labor Affairs T'ang~ Yantu

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Commander of' North China Pacification lrr

Local Administration: Province, tao, hsien, r

Governor of Hopeh:'Governor's Office

Sovernor of' Shantun;Governor's office

Governor of Shansi:Governor' s office:

Governor of Honan:Governor's office:Governor of' Huaihai:

Governor' s office:

Mayor of Peiping

Mayor of Tientsin

Mayor of Tsingtao

,

Yung Chanat Pao.-ting; has S tao, 63 hsien

Yang Ya-hsunat Chi-nan; has 10 tao, 105 hsien

Wang Hsiangat Tai-yuan; has 4 tao, 92 hsien

Shao Wen-aiat K'ai-feng; has 3 tao, 52 hien

Mao Ptend chaat Hai-chou, has 18 hsien

Hsu Yen-chih

Chou Ti-p'ing

Yao Tso-pin

The puppet Hsin Mm Hul was founded on December 14, 1937, at Peipingby the traitor Chang Yeilch'ing, who became its first president. It had aheadquarters under which there were directly controlled offices in the pro-vinces and special municipalities, 25 tao-party offices, X62 hsien partyoffices, ahd 14,000 branch offices. According to their statistics, there were6,154,200 odd me~ibers. After the founding of the puppet NI\anking Government,Miao Pin, the chief' of' the directing department of the Hisin Min Hut, wentto the South and left the control of this department in the hands of Ando.

Other changes in its organization took place. There were formed "YouthSquads", "Youth Corps", Reading Class", "Vololnteer Squads"1, "Old Men Squads","Woen' s Societies", 'Surprise Attack Squads , "Pacifying Squads"1, and "Youth CCamps'". Wang Yin-tai became its president and Yu Hsichieh, vice-president.The various hsien (county) isin Min Hue (the' central organ for all traitors)each have a president recommended by the hsien-directing department andappointed by the puppet Central Directing Department. The term of office ofthe president was two years, and may be prolonged or shortened by the puppetCentral Directing Department. The five chief aims of' this Hsin Min Hue were:

(a) Support the new regime to carry out the people's will.(b) Cultivate lands to promote the people's welfare.(c) Join the anti-communist line-up.(d) Propagate the old oriental virtues of filial piety, brotherhood,

loyalty, trustworthiness, politeness, faithfulness, purity, modesty, etc.(e) Promote the realization of an alliance with our allies and contri-

bute to the' Peace of Mankind.

Although all this propaganda was nothing but ridiculous, still therewere those old men and book-worms and some of the educated who were fooledand joined the Hisin Min Hui. In this Hsin Mmn Hui, there has always beenthe. so called "Japanese line of officials", who have actual control over allaffairs.

bi National Governm~ent. Even during occupation by the Japanese forc~ssome Chungking magistrates were able to function either openly (in parts ofhsien not controlled by the enemy) or underground. NFowthat. the Japanese havebeen defeated, the National Govern..ment will be reestablished in Shantung,as elsewhere in China. A briet summary of the structure of the provincial,local and municipal governments (under the National Government) is as follows:

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Icipality systemt

(1) Provincial Government - is headed by a governor who acts as chair-man of the governing commission of eight or ten men, all. appointed by theNational Government.. At least 4 of the members of each provincial commissionare concurrently _,heads, of' admiiznisViive departments of the provincial go-erinent.

Attached to eeca prov . tssion is a Secretariat, and Departmentsof Finance, Civilxfairs, Education, and Reconstruction A provincialgovernment may have additional departments and usually contains several bureaussuch as: Accounting, Social Affairs, Public Health, Food, and Land Adminis-tration, as well as a Bureau of Police and a Peace Preservation Corps Hq.

Provincial governments have the authority to issue ordinances and re-gulations necessary for the administration of provincial affairs so long asthey do not conflict with laws and orders of the Nhational Government.

(2) Local government - Traditionally and currently the most importantunit of local government iii China is the "hsien"; it is generally equivalentto a county, and is the basic unit for the control of local, provincial, andnational affairs.

The hsien government is headed by a magistrate; in nearly all areas anappointee of the provincial government. In general the responsibilities ofthe hsien government are (a) preservation of peace and control over localpolice force, (b) conscription and training of local militia, (c) conscrip-tion of labor for national andprovincial construction work, (d) collection ofthe land tax, in conjunction with the local tax bureaus of the NationalGovernment, (e)'purchase of army food supplies, (f) sale of bonds andsolicitation of patriotic contributions, (g) economic and financial control.

(c) Municipal Government - Government in each rrinicipality is headedby a mayor who is appointed by the National Government (usually upon therecommendation of the provincial government). The .mayor is assisted by twocounsillors and the directors of the various Municipal bureaus. Together theseofficials form the Municipal council, which usually meets once a month.

These municipalities are divided into a num tber of districts called"CH'U," which are further subdivided into "'AO" and "CHIA". The PAO is roughlyequivalent to a precinct or ward, and included 6 to 15 chia or 36 to 225families. The chia, comparable to a block, is composed of 6 to I6 failies.Influential family heads serve as pao and chia chiefs.

On August 1F, 1945 the Nuational Government appointed LI HSXENI-LIANTG asmayor of Tsingto, and KUO TAN as vice mayor.

c. Communist Political Arrangements inShantung. Unlike the.Japaneseand non-communist guerrillas in the region, the Chinese Cominnists have notadopted the pre-wa 'political and social structure without change. In theliberated areas they have erected a structure of their won, paralleling thepattern of Cormnist organization elsewhere in China. This new politicalstructure is closely integrated with the military side of the Communistmovement. The highest political organ in the Shantung Base area is the Shan-tung branch of the north China Political Bureau. This office is in effectthe central Communist administration of Shantung. Its director is Chu Jui,whose first assistant, Li Yu is concurrently political vice-commissar of the115 Division. In this manner there is a close working relationship at the topbetween the ranking Communist political and military figures in the BaseArea. Because of the unusual powers of political officers in military staff

positions, the statement of one observer would seem correct that the "ul-timate political responsibility for all Communist government, military, andpolitical affairs rests with the Communist Political Bureau."

That Bureau has several departments charged with a variety of functions.Some of them are as follows: Department of Peoples s Affairs - director,Liang Chu-hang; Department of Finance - director, Keng Kuang-po; Departmentof Education I director, Yang Hsi-wen; Department of Reconstruction - direc-tor, T'ien Shi. The communiists in Shantung have also organized what amountsto a People's political Council, with members at large and delegates repre-senting the sevieral Communst districts in Shaltung. The chairmnan of thisbody is reported to be Fan in-su; vice chaiiman, Mla Pao-shan. Other members

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are Yao Ch'ien-hsiu; ivieng Lin; Xuo Te-fu (Lu-N1an) h o )-sheng (Lu-Chung) ; Ma Tsars-fei (Pin-Hai),

Beside the coordination of political and military leadership on theupper echelon in the Shantung -ase Area, there is an active integrationlocally between the political representatives and the military commanders.The Political aureau is said to maintain one to three subordinates in eachvillage (hsiang). These are titled People's Movement Directors and Comn-municatitts Officers. The directors organize the local people into the Self-Defense Corps, with varying sections for young boys, women, and old people,as well as Youth and Able-bodied Corps. Corps members are givexn some generaleducation as well as political and a little military trainihg; discussiongroups, farming exhibits, and literace classes are among the activities.The most promising members of the Youth Corps are selected for training atlocal agricultural schools and cadre tr.ining schools, The best students at. kthe latter are then given administrative or amy positions, while the remain-der return to their villages to assist the Directors.

The Communications Officers generall supervise the ectivities of thePeople's Movement Directors. The former lead the Self-Defense Cotlps unitswhen they are engaged in fighting off puppet or Japanese forces. When re-gular or guerrilla elements of the Eighth Route Armyr are on the march, theCommunications officers are responsible for infori:ing the Directors in thevillages ahead of the Army units so that the Directors can furnish food andother requirements to the troops. To accomplish this function and for otherpurposes the comnunications officers direct intelligence units in each village.The members of these units take turns at road patrol and form a communicationsnetwork in their area.

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SECTION 18

NFJE.&LTH 4D S ATITTI0N

The East SHAINTUNG Area contains, in general, all deseases Lound on the EastChina Coast. Lost Jiportant of' these are listedbelow-:

Diseases-of military importance. Dysentery (bacillary and amoebic), Diarr-hea, malaria, dengue, plague, cholera, veraral diseases, andsskin diseases.

Diseases of' otential miitai a y rtance; Typhus (both luuseborne andmuine , scrub tT s amushi disease), dilariasis, relapsing fever, andinjiries cue to heat.

Sandfly Lever (pappataci Lever), and Japanese D encephalitis are not normallypresent but might be introduced readily.

Diseases of' minor miitarimortance. Typhoid and paratyphoid Levers,kala-azar, leptospirosis, rat--bite feve, and certain helminth infections (in-testinallflukes, blood flukes, liver and lung flukes).

Diseases common among the civil pop ulatien. Acute' infections spread main-ly by the respiratory tract: cerebrospinal meningitis, piphthria, smallpox,influenza, pneumonia, shooping cough, bronchial spirochetosis, anterior poliom-yelitis, scarlet ev,:r, measles, and encephalitis lethargica.

Various intestinal infections.Chronic infections: tuberculosis, trachoma, leprosy, yaws.A.vitaminoses, especially beriberi.

IJ.scllaneous diseases. Tetanus, actinomycosis, anthrax, rabies, and certaindiseases communicated from animals to men (brucellosis, Loot and mouth disease,and glanders).

Howo 'r, since TSINGTAO is definitely in the temperate zone, such of theabove asare generally considered tropical diseases (e.g., malaria, cholera)will be somewhat attenuated both as to Lrequcncy and severity. But it cannotbe assumed that they are entirely absent. Dysentery is constantly to be rec-koned with; and in addition to the above list, trachoma (an inflammatory eyedisease) is prevalent in the area.

TSIMNGT1AO City has a modern water supply arid sewage system. However, it ismost unlikely that the water as delivered will be safe for all use. Boiling isnecessary for all drining water.

In the rural regions -surrounding TSI!hGTAO, all water must beeassumed con-taminated and must be boiled before it may be used for drinking:

A list ollows of hospital acilities in TSINIGTAO:

Municipal Hospital - 150 beds.General Hospital - 50 beds.

(Lutheran Mission)Tsingtaso Hospital - 100 beds.

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A. JAPANESE MILITARY COL AINDER; S.4 9~ f r 3'.

Brig. Gen. FUJJITA - Army CommanderRear Adm. NAGAO (?) - Naval ConzunnderCol. TAIKAHASHI -'Gendarmerie ComnmanderMaj. Gen. NAGANO, Eiji - 5th 13~

B. PUPPETS.

TAO TSO-P'ING - Puppet Mayor of Tsingtao.(For NALSS OF PUPPET MILITARY COOLJANDEMI.S see Section, "Chinese Forces in.SHANTUNG Area".

C. WHITE LIST.

General SUN LIEN CHUNG - recently appointed Commanding General of the newlyformed 11th War Area (which covers provinces of Honan, Hupeh, Shantung, and partof Shansi).

General LI YEN LIEN - deputy to above.

LI HSIEN-LIANG - appointed mayor of.Tsingtao on 15 August 1945.(by NationalGovernment).

UO TAM - appointed Vice mayor of Tsingtao (he is also councillor for Minis-try of Communications).

a. The American Embassy supplied the following names of reliable and friend-ly contacts to be made in Tsingtao.

Dr. Chang - Chinese operator of the largest western-style pharmacy inTsingtao, which is located near the International Club onShantung Road.

D. N. Lee - Chinese Employee of Texas Oil Company.

Louis Barberat - Frenchman who has spent many years in Tsingtao. For-mer free-lance inspector of oil cargo. Apparently well-known in TsinB ao. Can' be located at Iltis Huk Community,(near Chan Sham village, East of Tsingtao).

b. Missionaries and Religious leaders.

A book entitled "Los Missions do Chine", published in Shanghai in 1942,list the following as the ecclesiastics in the city of Tsingtao '(Ch'ing Tao).

Tsingtao District

Jean DahlenkampGuil. BungrtMax. SeidelGerh. HomingNicolas TabellionFr. I TjigelmlanmNicolas Babij.Pierre ChangAloys. YangOtto JoergensJean DostertJoseph GrendelFrancois PilgramPaul Christ

KCaLoMi.-iDi strict

Michel KirschTheodore T i rgesJospph KaufholdFrancois GrimmAugust OlbortLeo BenockeGorgonius BoosGuil. KromerAdolph RygulaFrancois Maus

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Chucheng District

Bertram RuseelCharles HaaseAlphouse ChoinowskiJoseph JuttnerErnest MontagHarm. SchablitzkdJospph Qraisy.Jakob MarquartHenri Schmitz

Tsimo District

Henry TillrnannsAnidre TungAloys. LiouPetrus KuoAntoine Ku~i

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