Tshwane Vision 2055

1 TSHWANE VISION 2055


Dajo Associates/Ryan Thomas


Dajo Associates/Lucinda du Toit


Box 1.2 Key elements of the City of Tshwane CDS 2004Box 1.2 Key elements of the City of Tshwane CDS 2004

Focus I Infrastructure-led expansion of development potential of the North to tackle poverty.

Focus II Continued sound management and development of the established urban areas (Pretoria Central, Centurion, South-eastern Pretoria, Mamelodi and Atteridgeville/Laudium) by maintaining services and supporting market-driven initiatives to support the overall development of Tshwane.

Focus III Strengthening key economic clusters to gain leverage from growth trends in manufacturing, government and business services.

Focus IV Celebrating the national Capital and repositioning the inner city as a vibrant cultural and government centre.

Focus V Building high levels of social cohesion and civic responsibility to maximise development opportunities.

Focus VI Ensuring a solid foundation by modernising the administration for developmental service delivery through phased restructuring and institution building.

Focus VII Ensuring a solid foundation by ensuring municipal nancial fundamentals as platform for services and development.


Chapter 2 provides an in depth analysis of the City of Tshwanes state of development,

opportunities and challenges.

Key messages:

Urbanisationhasbeenadefiningphenomenoninthiscenturywithpredictionsthattherewillbesignificantincreases

inpopulationincitiesontheAsianandAfricancontinentsbytheyear205025.Citiesarepreciselywherethe

pressuresofmigration,globalisation,economicdevelopment,socialinequality,environmentapollution,andclimate

changeallcometogether.

ThegrowthinurbanpopulationinSouthAfricaimpliesanincreasingurgencyforthedevelopmentofinfrastructurein

SouthAfricancitiesthatcansupportthisincreaseinpopulation.Thisisparticularlyrelevantfortheinfluxofpeople

inGautengCityRegionwhichisregardedasaneconomicengineofSouthAfrica26.Therefore,movingintothefuture

thereisaneedforeconomicinfrastructureinvestmentthatwillenableeconomicgrowthanddevelopment.

WhiletheprovinceofGautengisthesmallestofSouthAfricasnineprovinces,itisthemostdenselypopulated

province.Itishometoatleast24%ofSouthAfricaspopulationwhichisapproximately12.3millionpeople27.



TheCityofTshwanespopulationincreasedfrom2.1millionpeoplein2001to2.9millionin201128andisprojected

tocontinueincreasingovertimeduetomigrationofpeoplefromthesurroundingprovincestoGautenginsearch

ofeconomicopportunitiesalbeitataslowerrate.Also,theCityofTshwanespopulationcaninpartbeexplainedby

theincorporationoftheMetswedingregionanditslocalmunicipalities.

Theworldspopulationisyoungerthaneverbefore.However,manycitiesarenotabletoadequatelyprovide

economicopportunitiesfortheiryoungpeople29.IntheCityofTshwane,thepopulationdistributionindicatesayouth

bulgeasthemajorityoftheCityspopulationismainlymadeupofyoungpeople(35yearsandyounger).

ConsideringthehighnumbersofyoungpeopleintheCityofTshwane,addressing urbanyouth-relatedissues

unemployment,education,securityandparticipationundoubtedlypresentsoneofthemostcritical

developmentchallengesfortheCity.


An estimated 90% of all research and development in South Africa is conducted in the City of Tshwane by

institutions such as Armscor, Medical Research Council, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, the

Human Sciences Research Council and higher educational institutions


INTRODUCTIONTheCityofTshwaneisnamedafterChiefTshwane.ItistheindigenousnameoftheareathatwasusedbytheearlyinhabitantswholivedintheproximityoftheTshwaneRiver,underthechieftainshipofChiefTshwane.Accordingtohistoricalaccounts,ChiefTshwanewasthesonofChiefMushi.ThelatterhadmovedfromthepresentdayKwaZulu-NatalandsettledinPretoriabeforethearrivaloftheVoortrekkers,theAfrikaans-speakingmigrantswhomovedfromtheCape.

Pretoria(whichisnowthecentralbusinessdistrictandsurroundingareaofthegreaterTshwaneMetropolitanMunicipality)wasdeclaredthecapitalcityandseatofgovernmentoftheRepublicofSouthAfricaduringtheliberationstruggle.On9August1956,ayearafterthehistoricsigningoftheFreedomCharter,PretoriawastobethestagefortheWomensAnti-PassMarchtotheUnionBuildings.Thiswasonlyoneofmanydemonstrationstocome,whichwouldeventuallyseethedawnofanewandfreeSouthAfrica.ItwasatthissameUnionBuildingsthatNelsonMandela,thefirstdemocraticallyelectedPresidentofSouthAfrica,madehisinauguralspeechon10May1994.

ThenewSouthAfricainheritedbythefirstdemocraticallyelectedgovernmentpresentedacomplexmyriadofbothchallengesandopportunitiesatthepolitical,governance,economicdevelopmentandaccesstoserviceslevels30.Significantly,thelegacyoftheapartheidwouldactuallybethatithadcreatedoneofthemostunequalsocietieswithincomeandpovertydisparitiesaffectingSouthAfricasBlackmajoritythemost31.Infact,therainbownationof1994wasnotonecountryunited,butcouldaptlybeseenastwonationsoneWhiteandprivilegedwithastandardoflivingcomparabletothatoftheindustrialisedcountries,andtheother,Blackandpoorwithastandardoflivingcomparabletothatofdevelopingcountries32.

Likeanyothergovernmentinstitution,theCityofTshwanepriorto2000mirroredtherealityofthenewSouthAfrica:spatialfragmentation;skewedservicedeliverytowardsspecificlocalities(totheexclusionofthemajority);pooreducationandhealthstandardsforthebroaderpopulation,andsocio-economicinequalitiesthatreflectedaneconomyincrisis,amongothers.

Therewascertainlyaneedtochangethelaws,institutionsandleadershipofthegovernment.Sincethen,thegovernmenthassetouttorigorouslydismantletheapartheidsystemandtocreateanequal,democraticsociety.MunicipalitiesinSouthAfricawhichareregardedasthecoalfaceofdevelopmentwerefacedwiththisdauntingrealityoftacklingthelegacyofapartheidwhileatthesametime,gearuptobufferagainstthechallengesofglobalisation.

Akeymilestoneinourhistorywastheamalgamationofthemunicipalitywith13othersmallermunicipalitiesonDecember5,2000toformthenewCityofTshwaneMetropolitanMunicipality(seeFigure2.1).Thisamalgamationwasnotsimplyanexerciseinspatialintegration;moreimportantly,itwasadeliberatesteptowardsreconcilingtheresidentsofthisCityanddevelopinganintegratedeconomicbasetodeepensocio-economictransformation.


TheCityadoptedthesloganReaTshwanawhichmeans,Wearethesame,tosignifyunity.

AspartofthecontinuedcommitmentoftheSouthAfricangovernmenttocontinueimprovingservicedeliveryandensuringeconomicgrowthtoallitscitizens,theMunicipalDemarcationsBoardresolvedtore-determinetheboundariesofMetswedingDistrict,NokengTsaTaemaneLocal,KungwiniLocalandCityofTshwaneMetropolitanMunicipalitiessothattheywouldformanewsinglemetropolitanmunicipalityeffectivefrom18May2011(seeFigure2.2).Today,theCityofTshwanecoversapproximately35%ofthetotallandareaofGautengs18178km,33has7AdministrativeRegions,105wardsand210Councillors.

Figure 2.2 The City of Tshwane municipal boundary, 2011

Aspartofrepositioningandre-brandingthenewCityofTshwane,anewsloganhasbeenadopted-IgnitingexcellenceaimedatdevelopingacultureofexcellenceineverythingthattheCitydoes.Inthischangingworld,itisimportantthattheCityofTshwanemaintainsitscommitmenttocontinuouslyimprovethequalityoflifeforallitsresidentswhilesimultaneouslyadvancingtheCityscompetitivenessandmarketabilitytotheglobalmarket.


CITY OF TSHWANE REGIONALISATION MODELGiventheenormityofthedevelopmentalgapthatmustbeaddressedandthemultiplicityofprogrammesandprojectsthatmustbeimplementedandtoimproveservicedelivery,theCityofTshwanehascreated7administrativeRegions(seeFigure2.3).ThisalternativeservicedeliverymodelRegionalisationisamulti-dimensionalapproachtoservicedelivery.

Figure 2.3 City of Tshwane 7 Administrative Regions, 2011

RegionalisationhasledtothestrengtheningoftheclusterapproachsystemoftheCitythroughwhichbettercoordinationandalignmentoffunctionscanbeachievedandallowtheCitytoorganiseitselfbetter,bringgovernmentclosertothepeople,andtoimproveservicedeliverythroughouttheregionsoftheCity34.Theadoptionoftheregionalisationmodelhasresultedinhealthservices,wastemanagement,library,sports,cultureandrecreating,horticulture,customercareandcemeteriesbeingdevolvedtotheRegionalServiceCentres35.

Theregionalisationconceptwasadoptedto36: Ensuredecentraliseddeliveryofmunicipalservices; Provideaccountablegovernmenttocommunities; Facilitateacustomer-centricservicedeliveryorientation; Promoteacceleratedprioritisedtargeteddevelopment(withintheRegion); Promoteserviceintegrationacrossfunctionallines; FacilitateCouncillorinteractionwithCityofTshwaneadministration; Provideeffectivegovernance; Bringlocalgovernmentclosertothepeople; Providecustomerswithgreateraccessibility(e.g.customercentresclosertothecommunity); Addresspastshortcomings-unevendevelopmentprioritisationwithafocusondevelopedareas(i.e. South);raciallysegregatedgovernance;centralisationwithresultantinaccessibility;inefficiencies;and Allowforthebenefitsofcross-subsidisation.

Thus,theRegionsrolehasbeenconceivedasbeingbothadministrativeandfunctionalinmonitoringday-to-day


operationsrelatedtoservicedelivery37.TheapproachisdevelopmentalinthesensethattheRegionscoordinateandmonitorthematchingofinterventionsimplementedthroughCitydepartmentswithlocal(Regional)needs.

Goingforward,thesevenRegionswillbethemainimplementationanchorforTshwaneVision2055sprogrammeofaction.TheRegionalSpatialDevelopmentFrameworks(RSDFs)fortheCitys7RegionswillneedtotranslatetheTshwaneVision2055atRegionlevelandlinkittoRegionaldevelopmentstrategies.ThiswouldentailRegionsidentifyinggamechanginginterventionsthatwouldsupporttheattainmentofTshwaneVision2055andleadingtheinvestmentdrivetoensurethatTshwaneVision2055isachieved.ThesamewillbeexpectedofotherCityofTshwaneMunicipal-ownedentities.

AnoverviewofeachRegionispresentedinthisdocumentbasedonthedetailedanalysisprovidedintheannuallyupdatedRegionalSpatialDevelopmentFrameworksthatareavailableontheCityswebsite38.Inaddition,asummaryofkeydataispresentedforeachRegion39.

Region 1 Profile

Population 811575

Numberofhouseholds 227828

Numberofformaldwellings 187447

AveragehouseholdSize 3.6

Householdswithaccesstopipedwater(tap) 220749

Householdswithaccesstoelectricityforlighting 205780

Averageannualhouseholdincome R10225

Householdswithnoincome 37611

Personsemployedinformalsector 175284Personswithnoschooling 37909

Region 1

Region1issituatedinthenorth-westernpartoftheCityandcomprisesofthreemainzones.Theseincludeasouthernzone(Akasia,RosslynandPretoriaNorth),anorthernzone(Klipkruisfontein,Ga-Rankuwa,Mabopane,WinterveldandSoshanguveareas)andtheruralzoneinthewest.

Thereare28wardsinthisRegion.TheRegionishometotheTswaingCrater,whichisanationalheritagesiteandnaturereserve.

ThenorthernpartoftheRegionaccommodatesathirdoftheCityspopulationinlow-incomesettlementsthatincludessubsidisedhousingandinformalsettlements.Thereislimitedeconomicandemploymentopportunitieswithalowstandardofpublictransportinfrastructure.Thesouthernpartrepresentsmedium-tohigh-incomeareaswiththeeconomylargelydrivenbytheprivatesector.Single,low-densityresidentialhousingisdominantintheareawithhighlevelsofserviceprovision.TheautomotiveclusterintheRosslynareaissituatedwithinthecentralsectionoftheRegionandisanimportantemploymentnodefortheCity.

ThedominantlandusetypesinRegion1areindustrial,mixedusewithabout80%oftheCitystotallandallocationformanufacturingfoundinRegion1.


Region 2

Region2hasthreemainzonestheurbannorthzone,centralandeasternagricultureandconservationzones,andthesouthernzone.Thereareatotalof12wardsinRegion2.TheRegion,whileurbanincharacter,isnotintegratedwiththelargerurbanenvironmentoftheCity.ThecentralandeasternpartsoftheregionfalloutsidetheurbanedgeandareruralincharacterwithalowpopulationdensitywhilethesouthernpartofRegion2isalowdensityformallydevelopedsuburbanarea,withwell-developednodesofeconomicactivity.TheWonderboomairportisalsosituatedinRegion2.

TheRegionischaracterisedbylowdensitysettlements,withconcentrationsofsubsidisedhousingandinformalsettlements,limitedeconomicactivities,poornetworkofsocialinfrastructure,limitedretailfacilities,limitedinvestmentbytheprivatesector,andmajorbacklogsininfrastructureprovision.TheRegionincludesafewprominentlandusesofstrategicsignificancetotheCityofTshwaneandevenonaninternationallevelthatincludeOnderstepoortVeterinaryResearchInstitute,ZoneofChoice,andtheDinokeng/BigFiveReserve.

Region 2 Profile

Population 339182

Numberofhouseholds 93788

Numberofformaldwellings 74864

AveragehouseholdSize 3.6

Householdswithaccesstopipedwater(tap) 85558

Householdswithaccesstoelectricityforlighting 87983

Averageannualhouseholdincome R124763

Householdswithnoincome 14699

Personsemployedinformalsector 72689Personswithnoschooling 16461


Region 3

Region3hasatotalof23wardsthatincludesthecentralbusinessdistrict(CBD)oftheCity,theBrooklyn,andHatfieldmetropolitannodes.Theeasterntwo-thirdsoftheregionismostlyurbanisedwhereasthewesternthirdismostlyrural.

TheregionhostsNationalGovernmentofficesandformstheadministrativeheartofgovernmentwithtwoofthethreeTshwanestationsoftheGautrainlocatedintheregion.Threelandmarksites-theUnionBuildings,theVoortrekkerMonumentandtheFreedomParkNationalLegacysitearelocatedinthisRegion.

Region3alsoincludesotherprominentlandusesofstrategicsignificancetotheCitythatinclude:theInnerCity,Marabastad,

Embassies,NelsonMandelaDevelopmentCorridor,ChurchSquare,BrooklynMetropolitanNode,HatfieldMetropolitanNode,PretoriaIndustrialTownship(includingtheCharlotteMaxekeStreetandSoutterStreetindustrialareas),FreshProduceMarket,CapitalParkContainerDepot,andtheSteveBikoAcademicHospital.

ThesoutheasternareaoftheRegionaccommodatesmiddleandhigherincomegroupswhilemostofthelowincomegroupsarelocatedinthewestwhilehighdensityresidentialdevelopmentsaretotheeastoftheInnerCityinSunnysideandArcadia.

TheRegioncontainssomeoftheoldesttownshipsinthegreaterTshwane.Phase1oftheTRT(TshwaneRapidTransit)bussystemiscurrentlybeingconstructedandwilllinkHatfieldwiththeCBD.TheRegionisgenerallywellprovidedwithserviceinfrastructure.Withdevelopmentrapidlymovingclosertotheprovinciallydemarcatedurbanedgeandtowardstheopenspaceareatothewestoftheregion,developmentpressureinthisareaistherateatwhichbulkinfrastructurecanbeprovidedtoaccommodateexpansion.


Region 4

Region4with11wardsissituatedinthesouth-westernportionoftheCity.TheRegionbordersontheareaofjurisdictionoftheCityofJohannesburgMetropolitanMunicipality,EkurhuleniMetropolitanMunicipalityaswellasMogaleCitytothewest.TheRegion,servedbybothnorth-southandeast-westfirstorderroads(highways),linksittotherestofGautengandthebroaderregion.TheRegionconsistsofanurbanareatotheeastandaruralareatothewestbothofwhicharecurrentlyunderpressurefordevelopment.

ThecurrentdominantsectorsinRegion4arefinanceandbusinessservices,

generalGovernmentservices,manufacturing,andtrade.TheRegionalsoformspartofanareaofeconomicexpansiontothenorthofJohannesburgwherethissub-nodeisdominatedbysmartindustriesandbusinesstourism.TheRegionfallswithintheeconomiccoreidentifiedforGautengProvincewiththelegsofthetriangularcoretheN1HighwayonthewesternsideandtheR21HighwaywithitslinkagetotheOliverTamboInternationalairportontheeasternside.TheRegionincludesafewprominentlandusesofstrategicsignificancetotheCityofTshwane.Theseinclude:ZwartkopandWaterkloofMilitary

Airports,ThabaTshwane/VoortrekkerHoogteMilitaryBase,CenturionMetropolitanCore,CenturionGautrainStation,SuperSportPark,HighveldTechnopark,HighwayBusinessPark,Route21CorporatePark,SunderlandRidgeIndustrialArea,N1Corridor,SamrandCommercialAreaGatewaydevelopment,OlievenhoutbosAbsaHousingdevelopment,andCenturionAviationVillage.

AhigherpercentageofhigherincomeearnersresideinRegion4withtheresultthatmanyofficesandretailfunctionshaverelocatedtotheregionduringthepastfewyears.TheRegionisgenerallywellprovidedwithserviceinfrastructure.Withdevelopmentrapidlymovingclosertothedevelopmentedgeanddemarcatedurbanedgetothewestoftheregion,developmentpressureinthisareachallengestherateatwhichbulkinfrastructurecanbeprovidedtoaccommodateexpansion.


Region 5

Region5,borderedbytheN1tothewestandtheN4freewaytothesouth,hasratherweakspatialstructurecharacterisedbyheavythroughtraffic,vastopenspaces,smalleconomiccentresandenormousdevelopmentpressurefromresidentialareasfromTshwanepushingfurtherandfurthereastward.

Region5isaruralareacharacterisedbynatureconservation(includingtheDinokengBlueIQprojectofGauteng),tourismandmixedagriculturallanduses.Mining,especiallyinCullinanprovidesworkopportunitiesforcommunitiesinthearea.

TheRegionincludesafewprominentlandusesofstrategicsignificancetotheCity.Theseinclude:CullinanMine,Dinokeng

NatureReserve,CullinanTowncentre

Region5haslargewaterandsanitationservicesbacklogs.Thisrangesfromaneedtoupgradethecurrentinfrastructureandcreatingnewinfrastructureinthedifferentmunicipalwards.Theneedismainlyreflectedintheinformalsettlementsthatarespreadoutwithinthevariouswards.Informalsettlements,thoughsmallandrelativelycontained,arespreadthroughoutthearea,forminglow-incomeresidentialenclaves.TheTownshipsofRayton,CullinanandRefilwearecurrentlytheonlyareasthatareservicedwithsewerbornesanitation.TheentireKameeldrift

area(Kameeldrift,Derdepoort,Roodeplaat,andsurroundingareas)donothavesewerbornesanitation.Theruralareasusegroundwaterandon-sitesanitationofwhichseptictankswithsoakwaysandself-constructedpittoiletsarethemostcommon.


Region 6

Region6,borderedbytheN1freewaytothewestandEkhuruleniLocalMunicipalitytotheSouthhas24wards.ItistheRegionwiththegreatestdevelopmentpressure.AlmostallthedevelopablelandwithinthesouthernsectionoftheRegionhasbeendevelopedandtheuncontrolleddevelopmentintheoldKungwiniareaplacesaburdenontheexistingsaturatedroadinfrastructure.

Thesouth-easternsectionofthisRegionhasthehighestincomepercapita,buthereisalsoahugeconcentrationofpeopleinthenorth-eastquadrantwithnotolowincome.Thenorth-easternsectionoftheRegionaccommodatesmostlylow-incomecommunitiesandindustriallanduses.Themiddleandsouth-westernsection

oftheRegionaccommodatesmediumtohigh-incomeareaswithlargeinstitutionaluses.Althoughpopulationdensitiesinthesouth-easternsectionoftheregionarerelativelylow,thispartoftheRegionhasthehighestpercentageofgrouphousingdevelopmentscomparedtoanyotherRegion.

Muchdevelopmenthastakenplacefurthertotheeastinthelastdecadeandtheroadnetworkdevelopmenthasnotkeptupwithlanddevelopmentresultinginseverecongestionduringthepeakhours.Thereisalackofnorth-southlinkroadsintheRegion.Sufficienteast-westroadsexistduetothehistoricroleandfunctionoftheCBD.The

northernsectionoftheRegioniswellservedbycommuterrailwithaneast-westcommuterlineandstationsfromMamelodiintheeast,throughHatfieldtoPretoriaStation.

BulkwatersupplyisadequatethroughouttheregionexceptfortheundevelopedpartsofNellmapiusandWillowPark/WillowBrae.ThesouthernportionoftheRegionisgenerallywellprovidedwithengineeringserviceinfrastructure.ThechallengeintermsofserviceprovisionistophasedevelopmentintheadjacentoldKungwiniareathroughbulkservices.

TheRegioncontainsanumberofstrategiclandusesincludingtheCSIR,SouthAfricanNationalIntelligenceService,Silverton,Waltloo,KoedoespoortindustrialareasandtheMenlynParkRetailNodewhichhasametropolitanfunctionintermsoffacilities.TheeconomicbaseforRegion6isbalancedbetweentheretail,officesectorinthesouthernandwesternsections,withcommercial,warehousing,wholesaleorindustrialactivitiesinthenorthoftheRegion.


Region 6

Region6,borderedbytheN1freewaytothewestandEkhuruleniLocalMunicipalitytotheSouthhas24wards.ItistheRegionwiththegreatestdevelopmentpressure.AlmostallthedevelopablelandwithinthesouthernsectionoftheRegionhasbeendevelopedandtheuncontrolleddevelopmentintheoldKungwiniareaplacesaburdenontheexistingsaturatedroadinfrastructure.

Thesouth-easternsectionofthisRegionhasthehighestincomepercapita,buthereisalsoahugeconcentrationofpeopleinthenorth-eastquadrantwithnotolowincome.Thenorth-easternsectionoftheRegionaccommodatesmostlylow-incomecommunitiesandindustriallanduses.Themiddleandsouth-westernsection

oftheRegionaccommodatesmediumtohigh-incomeareaswithlargeinstitutionaluses.Althoughpopulationdensitiesinthesouth-easternsectionoftheregionarerelativelylow,thispartoftheRegionhasthehighestpercentageofgrouphousingdevelopmentscomparedtoanyotherRegion.

Muchdevelopmenthastakenplacefurthertotheeastinthelastdecadeandtheroadnetworkdevelopmenthasnotkeptupwithlanddevelopmentresultinginseverecongestionduringthepeakhours.Thereisalackofnorth-southlinkroadsintheRegion.Sufficienteast-westroadsexistduetothehistoricroleandfunctionoftheCBD.The

northernsectionoftheRegioniswellservedbycommuterrailwithaneast-westcommuterlineandstationsfromMamelodiintheeast,throughHatfieldtoPretoriaStation.

BulkwatersupplyisadequatethroughouttheregionexceptfortheundevelopedpartsofNellmapiusandWillowPark/WillowBrae.ThesouthernportionoftheRegionisgenerallywellprovidedwithengineeringserviceinfrastructure.ThechallengeintermsofserviceprovisionistophasedevelopmentintheadjacentoldKungwiniareathroughbulkservices.

TheRegioncontainsanumberofstrategiclandusesincludingtheCSIR,SouthAfricanNationalIntelligenceService,Silverton,Waltloo,KoedoespoortindustrialareasandtheMenlynParkRetailNodewhichhasametropolitanfunctionintermsoffacilities.TheeconomicbaseforRegion6isbalancedbetweentheretail,officesectorinthesouthernandwesternsections,withcommercial,warehousing,wholesaleorindustrialactivitiesinthenorthoftheRegion.

Region 7

Region7hasthesecondlargestgeographicallandareaandhas4wards.TheareacontainssomeofthebestfarminglandinGautengwithmorethan80%oflandarable,butagriculturecurrentlymakesaninsignificantcontribution(lessthan5%)totheCityseconomy.ThemostsignificantcontributorstotheRegionseconomyaremanufacturing,services,financial,andtrade.Thetourismsectorisregardedassmall,butadevelopingsector.

TheRegionincludesafewprominentlandusesofstrategicsignificancetotheCityofTshwane.Theseinclude:Bronkhorstspruittownarea,Ekandustriaindustrialarea,Bronkhorstspruitdam,andhighpotentialagriculturallandintheRegion.

Publictransportinruralareas,inparticular,non-motorisedtransport(bicyclesandwalking),playaspecialrolewhenshortdistancesaretravelledandarealsothemostpopularformsofmobilityusedbycommunities.Servicesareconcentratedintheestablishedtownshipsintheurbanareas.Asignificantnumberofpeopleintheareadonotreceivepipedwater,sanitation,andelectricityservices.


DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDSTotakefulladvantageoftheCityofTshwanesdemographicprofile,andtomanagerisk,itisessentialtohaveanappreciationofkeydemographicindicators.InthissectionwelookatsomekeyfactsandinsightsaboutthepeoplelivingintheCityofTshwane.Unlessstatedotherwise,thestatisticspresentedinthissectionarebasedonCensus2011.

Population profile

TheCityofTshwanespopulationis2921488.OftheCitystotalpopulation,thereareproportionatelymorefemales(1468005)thanmales(1453483)intheCity(seeFigure2.4)40.



Figure 2.4 City of Tshwane population distribution by age group and sex, 2011

Interestingly,GautengProvincesawapopulationgrowthratedecreasefrom3.6%between1996and2001to2.7%between2001and2011.SimilartrendsareobservedfortheCityofTshwane41wherebetweentheperiods1996-2001and2001-2011,thepopulationgrowthratemarginallydecreasedfrom3.6%to3.1%.

Almosthalfoftheworlds7billionpeopleareaged24orbelow,with1.2billionagedbetween10and19years42.ItisalsoestimatedthatinAfricatoday,slumdwellersmakeupmorethan70%oftheregionsurbanpopulation,andthevastmajorityofthemareundertheageof2443.Similarly,theCityofTshwanespopulationdistributionbyagerevealsthattheCityhasarelativelyyoungpopulationwithabout677110peoplebelowtheageof14andafurther1185605between15and34yearsofage,whichcombinedrepresentsabout64%oftheCityspopulation.TheextenttowhichtheCityofTshwanecantakeadvantageofitslargeyouthfulpopulationwilldependonwhetheritisabletoprioritiseprogrammestoallowthemtoparticipatemeaningfullyintheeconomy.

WhiletheCityspopulationpyramidshowsproportionatelymorefemalesthanmalesoverall,thereareproportionatelymoremalesintheagegroupsbetween0to14yearsandbetween20and44years.Intheagegroupsfrom45to49yearsrightuptothe85+years,thereareproportionatelymorefemales.


TheCitysRegionalpopulationdistributionbyage(seeFigure2.5)44Figure2.5showsthatRegion1isthemostpopulatedinallagegroups(811575)followedbyRegion6(605556)andRegion3(585159)respectively.Region5istheleastpopulated(90900)withRegion7havingamarginallyhigherpopulationof109767.Thepopulationdistributionbyagegroupfollowsasimilartrend.

Figure 2.5 City of Tshwane population distribution by Region and age group, 2011


Figure2.6showstheRegionalpopulationbyraceandgender.IntermsoftheCityspopulationdistributionbypopulationgroupandgender,themajorityoftheCityspopulationisBlack(2202849)followedbytheWhitepopulationgroup(586498).Figure 2.645 City of Tshwane population by Region, gender and population group, 2011

ThemajorityofBlackmalesandfemalesliveinRegions1(769468),6(428048)and3(375648)withtheleastlivinginRegion5(63309).TherearemoreColouredmalesandfemalesinRegion6(27254)thanelsewhereintheCity.TheIndianorAsianpopulationgroupbygendermainlyresidesinRegion4(32710)andRegion3(11666).MoreWhitemalesandfemalesliveinRegion3(181114)buttherearealmostasmanyinRegions4(148265)and6(139825).

Age dependency ratio profile

TheCitysdependencyratioprovideskeyinsightsabouttheburdencarriedbytheeconomicallyactivesegment(1564years)ofthepopulation.Twodependencyratiosareofinterestthechilddependencyratioandtheadultdependencyratio.

ThechilddependencyratiofortheCityofTshwaneis32.2whiletheadultdependencyratiois6.8resultinginthetotaldependencyratioof39peopleper100economicallyactivepeople.Thismeansthatevery100peopleintheeconomicallyactiveagegrouphavetocarefor39people,32ofthoseundertheageof15and7olderthan65years.TheCitysdependencyratioiscomparabletothatoftheProvince,whichmarginallyincreasedfrom38.7in2001to39.0in201146.

Black AfricanBlack African ColouredColoured AsianAsian WhiteWhite

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Region 1 377908 391560 1569 1613 973 501 16988 17894

Region 2 136973 143077 866 911 983 555 26254 27928

Region 3 184425 188223 5191 5782 5996 5 670 87185 93929

Region 4 97100 90615 3492 3833 16362 16348 72226 76039

Region 5 34277 29032 3616 3811 245 196 9638 9527

Region 6 219745 208303 13012 14242 2661 2654 66836 72989

Region 7 48995 49616 436 413 393 199 4524 4541


Language profi le

Intermsoflanguages,SepediisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageathomewithintheCityfollowedbyAfrikaans,SetswanaandEnglish(seeFigure2.7)47.

Figure 2.7 City of Tshwane language profi le, 2011

ARegionalcomparativeanalysisrevealsthatSepediisthemainlanguagespokenathomeinRegions1and6comparedtoAfrikaans.AfrikaansisthemainlanguagespokenathomeinRegions3and4comparedtoSepedi.About89074peoplelivingintheCityspeakotherlanguagespossiblyreflectingthesignificantforeignpresenceintheCity.

Poverty and inequality

Whilethereareseveralapproachestomeasuringpoverty,theGinicoefficientisacommonindicatorused.Thecoefficientmeasurestheextenttowhichthedistributionofincomeorconsumptionexpenditureamongindividualsorhouseholdswithinaneconomydeviatesfromaperfectlyequaldistribution48.Thus,0representsperfectequality(wherethereisequalincomeforeveryone)while1representsperfectinequality(whereonepersonhasalltheincome).

AccordingtotheGautengProvincialGovernmentSocio-EconomicReviewandOutlookReportof2012GautengsGiniCoefficientwas0.60in2000and0.64in201049.Furthermore,thereportindicatedthatcomparedtoothermunicipalitiesintheprovince,CityofTshwanehadthelowestlevelsofpovertyin2010witharateof22%50andalsohadthehighesthumandevelopmentindex(togetherwiththeCityofJohannesburg)at0.6951.Incomeisacommonlyusedindicatoroflevelofpoverty.Figure2.82052showsindividualmonthlyincomeintheCityofTshwanebyRegion.

19%

9%

6%

2%

8%

20%

5%

15%

0% 2%2%

9%3%

Afrikaans

English

IsiNdebele

IsiXhosa

IsiZulu

Sepedi

Sesotho

Setswana

Sign language

SiSwati

Tshivenda

Xitsonga

Other


Figure 2.8 City of Tshwane individual monthly income by Region, 2011

ThehighestnumbersofpeoplewithnoincomearefoundinRegions1(369286),6(227984)and3(200653).TheCityhasveryfewindividualswithamonthlyincomegreaterthanR204801.ThehighestnumberoftheseindividualsresidesinRegion3(1584)followedbyRegions4(1455)and5(1439).Interestinglythough,Region1despitehavingthehighestnumberofpeoplewithincomehasthefourthhighestnumberofindividuals615earningmorethanR204801amonth.


ThereareasignificantnumberofCityofTshwanehouseholdswithnoincomeorlowincomelevels.PovertyintheCityofTshwaneisconcentratedincertainareas(seeFigure2.9aand2.9b53)thatgenerallyhavehadunequaldevelopmentoraccesstoservicesinthepast.

Figure 2.9a City of Tshwane average annual household income by Region, 2011

Figure 2.9b City of Tshwane average annual household income by Ward, 2011


TheRegionalanalysis(seeFigure2.9a)revealsthatRegion1hasthelowestregionalaverageannualincomeoflessthanR10225followedbyRegion7withanaverageannualincomeofR83172.Regions5and2haveaverageannualhouseholdincomesofR120507andR124763respectively.Ontheotherendofthespectrum,Region4hasthehighestregionalaverageannualhouseholdincomeofR296014followedbyRegion6(R194063)and3(R188354).

AtWard-level(seeFigure2.9b),itisevidentthattheconcentrationofWardswithlowaverageannualhouseholdincomesarelocatedinRegions1and2.Ward24whichispartofRegion1hasthelowestaverageannualhouseholdincomeofR27989.

Itisimportanttonotethattheuseofincomelevelasapovertyindicatorwhileuseful,doesnotofferadeepunderstandingoftheissue.Rather,amultidimensionalviewofpovertywillprovidethisunderstanding.Underthemultidimensional54view,povertyismadeupofseveralfactorsthatconstituteapersonsexperienceofdeprivation.Thefactorsthatcontributetowardsthedeprivationmightincludeacombinationofthefollowing:theextenttowhichonecanadequatelyaccesshealth,waterandsanitation,education,housing,decentworkopportunities,income,isempoweredorfeelssafeandsecure,forexample.Thus,giventhecompetenciesthatlocalgovernmentisresponsiblefor,itisexpectedthattheCityofTshwanehasadirectimpactonwhetheroneexperiencesdeprivationinvaryinglevels.

Education profile

ThehumancapacitydevelopmentintheCityofTshwanedependsoninpart,accesstoandcompletionofeducation(seeFigure2.10)55aswellashowtheeducationsystemisabletodevelopknowledgeandskillsforitsneeds.

Figure 2.10 City of Tshwane education profile, 201


Overall,intheCityofTshwanetherehasbeenamarginalincreaseinthenumberofpeoplebetweentheagesof5and24yearsattendingschoolfrom71.4%in2001to72.4%in201156.Figure10showstheoveralleducationattainmentlevelsfortheCity.

Migration

TheGautengProvinceisthemostpopulousprovinceinSouthAfricaasitisperceivedbymanySouthAfricansandindividualsfromneighbouringcountriestobeaprovinceofopportunity.Forthisreason,largenumbersofpeoplemigratingfromotherSouthAfricanprovinces57andneighbouringAfricancountriesarerecorded58.WhiletheGautengProvinceinter-provincialnetmigrationwasagain,althoughatlowerfigureof566760peoplein2011comparedto901622peoplein2001,itstillhadhighernetmigrationgainscomparedtoalltheotherprovincesinthecountry59.IntheCityofTshwane,Census2011datarevealsthatoftheCitys2,9millionpopulation,110000peoplewerebornintheSADC,58120intherestofAfrica,7200intheUnitedKingdomandEuropeanUnion,6500inAsia,170inNorthAmericaandafurther690inLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.About160500residentsdidnotspecifytheirplaceofbirth.About25000movedfromtheCityofTshwaneaccordingtoCensus2011data.


HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING PROFILENumber of households and household size

TheCityhasabout911536householdswiththemajorityofthehouseholdsfoundinRegion1followedbyRegion6(seeFigure2.11)60.



Figure 2.11 City of Tshwane total number of households by Region, 2011

Theaveragehouseholdsize(seeFigure2.12aandb)61is3.2peoplefortheCity.However,whiletheaveragehouseholdsizefortheCityis3.2,about41800householdshaveahouseholdsizeof6peoplemainlyinRegion1withabout3600householdsinRegion1with10ormorepeopleinahousehold.


Figure 2.12a City of Tshwane average household size by Region, 2011

Figure 2.12b City of Tshwane average household size by Ward, 2011


Female and child headed households

Atotalof326113ofthe911536householdsareheadedbywomen,representing35.8%ofhouseholdsintheCityofTshwane.ThisfigureismarginallyabovetheGautengProvinceaverageof34.3%62.Region1hasthehighestnumberofwomenheadedhouseholdswith87361followedbyRegions3and4respectively.Regions5hasthelowestnumberofwomenheadedhouseholdswith8328.

Thereareabout29100householdsheadedbychildrenbetweentheagesof10and14inSouthAfricaofwhichabout3700areinGauteng63.Adistressingstatisticisthatofthe29100childheadedhouseholds,about11600ofthosehouseholdsareheadedbychildrenaged10.TheCityofTshwanehasabout1000childheadedhouseholds.AsimilartrendisobservedwithintheCityofTshwane,where424householdsareheadedbychildrenaged10followedby180householdsheadedbychildrenaged14.

Tenure status

Figure2.1364presentsthetenurestatusofdwellingsintheCityofTshwane.Intermsoftenurestatus,about307000housesareownedandfullypaidforbytheowner(s).ThemaintenurestatusforRegion1isthatabout116000housesownedarefullypaidoffwhileinRegions3,4and6themaintenurestatusisthatrental.Afurther166840areowned,butnotyetpaidoff.Asignificantnumberofhouses291590arerentedwithaninterestingfindingthatabout121700housesareoccupiedrent-free.

Figure 2.13 City of Tshwane tenure status by Region, 2011


ThemajorityofdwellingsbytypeintheCityofTshwaneareformalstructuresbuiltwithbrickorconcretematerial(seeFigure2.14)65Figure 2.14 City of Tshwane main dwelling type by Region, 2011

WhileitisencouragingtoseethattheCityhasmainlyformalstructures,theCityofTshwane,howeverhasanunacceptablenumberofinformaldwellingsinbackyardsorinformal/squattersettlements.About51850informaldwellingsarefoundinbackyardsofwhichthehighestnumbersarefoundinRegions1(11571),4(13001)and7(14005).Ininformal/squattersettlementsoronfarms,about112170informaldwellingsarefoundacrossallRegionswiththehighestinRegions1(26716),2(14627),3(18519),4(10431),and6(30374).

StatisticsshowastrongcorrelationbetweenthenumberofinformalhouseholdsunitsandalsothehouseholdsunitsthatdonothaveincomeintheCity.ItismostlikelythatthemajorityofthepeoplewholiveininformaldwellingunitsdonothaveaccesstoregularincomeandthuspossiblyconstitutethemajorityofpeoplewhomovedintotheCityfromotherareasinsearchofemploymentopportunities.

Household goods66

ThepercentageofhouseholdsintheCityofTshwanewitharadioreducedfrom79.5%in2001to70.6%in2011,whichcouldbeexplainedbythesignificantincreaseinthepercentagehouseholdswithtelevisionsfrom69.5%in2001to81.8%in2011.Furthermore,thepercentageofhouseholdswithInternetaccessin2011was51.4%-thehighestinGautengwithaccesstoacomputerinahouseholdincreasingfrom18.4%in2001to37.6%in2011.Thepercentageofhouseholdswithalandlinedecreasedsharplyto18.9%in2011from35.4%in2001withacorrespondingsignificantincreaseincellphoneaccessto95%in2011from50.4%in2001thehighestinGauteng.


OUR ECONOMYGautengisSouthAfricasengineforgrowth.In2012,Gautengcontributed35.7%toSouthAfricasGDP.67IntermsofcontributiontoGautengseconomy,theCityofTshwaneaccountedfor27.72%ofGDPin2012,aslightdecreasefrom28.13%in201068largelyattributedtotheresidualeffectsofthe2008-2009globaleconomicdownturn.TheCityofTshwaneaccountedfor9%ofSouthAfricastotalgrossvalueadd(GVA).IntermsoftheCitystradeposition,theCityhadatradesurplusofR101.3billionin201269.Inaddition,theCityofTshwanecontributesapproximately16%toSouthAfricastotalnationaltrade.

Sector analysis

Furthereconomicperformanceanalysis(seeFigure2.15)revealsthatthegovernment,socialandpersonalservicessub-sectoraccountedforthelargestsingleshareoftheGVAfollowedbythefinanceandbusinessservicesub-sector70.TheCityofTshwanesproximitytoanumberofairportsandimportantrailandroadlinksmakesitidealforbusinessandforimportandexport.

TheCitysmaineconomicsectoristhecommunityservicessectorwhichhasseenasteadyincreasebetween2006and2011.Thefinance,transport,tradeandmanufacturingsectorsareothermajorcontributors.Aworryingtrendisthesteadyslow-downoftheCitysmanufacturingsectorovertheperiodandwhichisreflectiveofglobaltrends,butremainsanimportantsectorfortheCity.TheothersectorsintheCityelectricity,miningandagriculturehaveremainedrelativelyconstantwithrespecttotheircontribution.

Unemployment

UnemploymentfiguresinTshwaneinthepast10yearsrevealthatunemploymentpeakedin2002,reaching321478unemployedpeople,andeventuallydroppeddowntothelowestfiguresin2008.Foranumberof


reasonsincludingthe2008/2009recession,thenumberofunemployedpeopleincreasedfrom212671in2008to272450in2010,representinga28.1%increaseoverthatperiod.However,theCityrecordedthelowestunemploymentrateof14%in2010whencomparedtoothermunicipalitiesintheProvince71.Census2011data72puttheunemploymentrateintheCityofTshwaneat24%.YouthunemploymentintheCitywasat32.6%adecreasefrom40.5%in2001.Intermsofsectordistribution,Census2011revealedthatabout830815peopleareemployedintheformalsectorwithabout107490employedintheinformalsectorandjustunder139000employedinprivatehouseholds.

ACCESS TO SERVICES In2012,theCityofTshwaneannouncedplanstoraiseR10billiononthecapitalmarketoverthenextfiveyearstofundbulkinfrastructuredevelopmenttounlockmajoreconomicactivityintheCity.TheCityhasmadeprogressinprovidingaccesstoservices.Thisisexplainedinthefollowingsections.

Access to energy In2004,SouthAfricasetitselfatargetofprovidingaccesstoelectricityto14.5millionhouseholdsby2012.Datafromthe2011Censusshowsthatasignificantnumberof12.3millionhouseholdsnowhaveaccesstoelectricityforlighting,cookingandheating(seeFigure2.15and2.16).

Figure 2.15 City of Tshwane households with access to electricity for lighting, cooking and energy by Region, 2011


Figure 2.16 City of Tshwane households with access to electricity for lighting, cooking and energy for select energy sources by Region, 2011

WithintheCityofTshwane,about807180ofthe911536householdshaveaccesstoelectricityforlightingwhileabout84370householdsusecandlesforlighting.Itissignificanttonotethatintermsofalternativeenergysources,about2020householdsmakeuseofsolarenergyforlightingandafurther1770makeuseofgas.

Forcookingpurposes,themajorityofhouseholdsuseelectricityforcooking(767810)followedbyparaffin(98620),gas(27610),wood(9630)respectively,andwithabout1370householdsmakinguseofsolar.

About670240householdsuseelectricityforheatingpurposesfollowedbyparaffin(42390),wood(39000),andgas(33510).Importantly,about3640usesolarenergyforheatingpurposeswithabout114640householdsnotusinganyenergysourceforheatingneeds.


Water and Sanitation

Atleast71%oftheCityofTshwanespotablewatersupplyisfromtheVaalRiverSystemand29%issuppliedfromitsownsources.Intermsofaccesstowater,Figure2.1773showstheCityshouseholdswithaccesstotappedwaterinsidetheirdwellings/yards,7.4%havingtappedwateroncommunitystandsandonly3.4%havingnoaccesstopipedwater.

Figure 2.17 City of Tshwane access to piped water inside dwellings by Ward, 2011

TheDepartmentofWaterAffairshasissuedadirectivetoreducewaterlossesandimproveurbanwaterdemandbyatleast15%by2014.Inrespondingtothedirective,theCityofTshwanehasapprovedaprogrammeofaugmentingitusofwatersupplyfromitsownsources.Thisinvolvesbothdirectandin-directreuseofreturnflowfromwastewatertreatmentworks(WWTW).Itisestimatedthatbyusingthereturnflowasasourceofwater,theCitycanreduceitscurrentdemandontheVaalRiversystemfrom71%to54%inthenearfuture.AtpresenttheCityofTshwanehasthreewatertreatmentplants:TembawatertreatmentplantattheLeeukraalDam,RoodeplaatwatertreatmentplantattheRoodeplaatDam,andRietvleiwatertreatmentplantattheRietvleiDam.

TheCityofTshwanehas10waste-watertreatmentplants-Babelegi,Temba,Rietgat,Klipgat,Sandspruit,Rooiwal,Zeekoegat,Baviaanspoort,DaspoortandSunderlandRidgewhereallthewastewateristreatedbeforeitisdischargedintotheriversysteminaccordancetospecifiedstandardsandlicenserequirements.

Census2011revealsthatintermsofsanitation(seeFigure2.18)74,698106householdshaveaccesstoaflushtoiletthatisconnectedtoasewer.TheCityhasarelativelylownumberofhouseholdsthatarestillusingthebucketsystem,buttheCityiscommittedtoeradicatingthissituationcompletely.


Figure 2.18 City of Tshwane household access to toilet facilities, 2011

AccesstoqualitywaterandsanitationareimportantcontributingfactorsfortheCityshealthandhumandevelopmentprogress.AssuchitisimperativethattheCitycontinuestoensurethatallhouseholdshaveaccesstothesebasicservices.


Waste management

WastemanagementisimportantformanagingtheCitysbroaderenvironmentalaspirations.ThewastemanagementstatisticsgenerallyindicatethatinalltheRegions,refuseismainlycollectedbythelocalauthorityoraprivatecompany,butofconcernistheexistenceofownrefusedumpsintheRegions(seeFigure2.19)75.

Figure 2.19 City of Tshwane refuse collection by Region, 2011

Transport and mobility

TheCityofTshwaneresidentsandvisitorsdependuponaneffectivetransportsystemtofulfilltheirdailymobilityneeds.AnintegratedurbantransportinfrastructureandservicesarethebackboneofanefficientCity.Furthermore,economiesthatpossessgreatermobilityareoftenthosewithbetteropportunitiestodevelop.TheCityisfacedwitharangeoftransportchallenges.Morethanhalfofthetransportchallengesarefundamentallytheresultsofthepoorlanddevelopmentpatternthatoccurredinthepast.Otherchallengesincludethe:

Reliability,convenienceandsafetyissueswithrespecttothepublictransportservices; Trafficcongestioncausingdelays,increasedusercosts,fuelconsumption,accidentsandsubsequent deterrenceofinvestment,especiallyintheCBDbecauseofover-relianceonprivatetransport; Overcrowdedpublictransportfacilities; Lackofcoordinatedandintegratedpublictransportmodes;and Inadequatepedestrianandbicyclefacilitiestosupportothermobilitymodes.


SomeofthecurrentpracticesintheCitypromoteandsupportprivatecarusethatcontributestotheCityscongestion,butmaybejustifiedbyalackofaqualitypublictransportsystemandlackofnon-motorisedtransportfacilities.Currentlythefollowingaresynonymouswithhighprivatemotorvehicleusage:

Developersallowedtoprovideexcessiveparking,withnomaximumlimit; Lackofpromotingtraveldemandmanagementmeasures; Untilrecentlynon-motorisedtransport(NMT)focusedoncapturedusers,withnoactivepromotionofNMT asaviableandsustainablealternativemode; LackofNMTfacilitiesandnetworks,inasafeandsecureenvironment; Poorfundingofinfrastructuremaintenanceandoperationalcosts; TshwanedevelopedRoadSafetyPlanfordisadvantagedareas;and LimitedinteractionandintegrationbetweenMetroPoliceandTrafficEngineeringonroadsafetyissues.

TheslownessindevelopingtheTshwaneWesternBypass(TWB/PWV9),aprovincialfreeway,toimproveaccesstothewestoftheCityneedstobeaddressedsincetheindustrialnodeofRosslyncannotreachitsfullpotential.CurrentlyitformspartoftheGautengFreewayImprovementProject(GFIP),whichhasbeendoggedbypoorpublicparticipationontheconcepttheuser-payprinciple.PWV9urgentlyneedstoberemovedfromGFIPandbegivenpriorityinsupportoftheTshwaneVision2022byallthreespheresofgovernment.

AspartoftheCityofTshwaneseffortstoovercomethepresentchallengesandlaythefoundationforamoreeffectiveintegratedpublictransportsystem,theCityhasdevelopedastrategicpublictransportnetworkplan76toprovidereliableandfrequentpublictransportwithacceptablewalkingdistancesforcommuters.TheplanwillalsoprovideTshwanewithapermanentandrecognisablepublictransportframeworkconsistingofradialandcircularroutes.Torespondtoimprovingmobility,theCityofTshwanehasbegunthefirstphaseofitsbusrapidtransitsystemAReYengwhichmeansLetsgo.TshwanesbusrapidtransitsystemwasidentifiedastheappropriatemodeoftransporttoleadthetransformationofpublictransportintheCity.Itisahigh-quality,bus-basedtransitsystemthatdeliversfast,comfortableandcost-effectiveurbanmobilitythroughtheprovisionofsegregatedright-of-wayinfrastructure,rapidandfrequentoperations.

Health facilities

TheTshwanehealthdistrictisoneofthreemetropolitanareaswithinGautengandissituatedwithinthenorthern-mostpartoftheprovince(TshwaneDistrictHealthPlan,2012/13).Therearecurrently26communityhealthcentresandclinicsmanagedbytheCityofTshwane,35Provincialclinics,12CommunityHealthCenters,8satelliteclinicsand8mobilesintheTshwanedistrict.About96%ofallcitizensinTshwanearewithina5kmradiusofaclinic.Inaddition,24-hourhealthservicesarealsoprovidedbythedistricthospitals(MamelodiWestHospital,PretoriaWestHospitalandtheTshwaneDistrictHospital).

ThemainchallengeswefaceintheCityaretheimpactofmigration;highburdenofdiseasewithinthemostatriskpopulation;fragmentedhealthsystembetweenthepublic,privateandcivilsocietycompoundedbypoorqualityhealthinfrastructureandinformationsystemsandhealthworkforceshortages;andclimatechange,forexample.TheCityhasseenadownwardtrendinthenumberofpeoplelivingwithHIVanditisfurtherexpectedthatby2016,about7.5%ofitspopulationwillbelivingwithHIV.


OUR ENVIRONMENTAL AND HERITAGE RESOURCESTheCityofTshwanesgeographicallocationandlandscapemakeforafavourablenaturalenvironmenttosupportadiversityoftrees,plantsandsmallwildlife.TheCityisparticularlyproudofitsnaturalheritage.TheCityofTshwaneishometothePretoriaNationalZoologicalGardens;thelargestzoointhecountry;whileourNationalBotanicalGardensarespreadover76hectares.OtherparksincludeBurgersPark,JanCilliersPark,SpringbokPark,andVenningPark/RosePark.

TheCitybecametheonlycityintheworldwithabig-fivegamereservewithincityboundaries-the90000hectaresDinokengBig5GameReserve.ItisalsohometothefirstproclaimedgamesanctuaryinAfrica,the500haGroenkloofNatureReservethatwasproclaimedin1895.TheCityalsoboastsoneoftheworldslargesturbannaturereserves,theRietvleiNatureReserve.Thisisauniqueretreatwheremanybirdandanimalspeciescanbeviewedonthe3800hectaresofopengrassland.

OthernaturereservesincludeAustinRobertsBirdSanctuary,BishopBirdNatureArea,BoardwalkBirdSanctuary,BronkhorstspruitNatureReserve,ChamberlainBirdSanctuary,ColbynNatureArea,FaerieGlenNatureReserve,KallerkopNatureReserve,KwaggaspruitNatureArea,LutonValleyBirdSanctuary,MoreletaKloofNatureArea,StrubenDamBirdSanctuary,WonderboomNatureReserveandthePierrevanRynevekdNatureArea.

77


TheTswaingmeteoritecraterisGautengsbest-keptastronomicalsecret.TheTswaingMeteoriteCraterMuseuminSoshanguve,40kmtothenorthofthecitycentre,istheonlytourismdestinationofitskindinAfrica.TheCityofTshwaneissteepedinarichculturalheritageintertwinedwiththeSouthAfricanhistory.TheCityisawashwithmanyfineheritagesites,museumsandartgalleries.TheseincludetheUnionBuildingsanditsspectaculargardens,aswellastheDiamondHillBattlefield,VoortrekkerMonumentandFreedomParkamongothers.TheCityofTshwaneishomeoftheNanHuaBuddhistTemple,thelargestBuddhisttempleintheSouthernhemisphereandtheonlyoneinAfrica.

Inconclusion,thecurrentspatialstructureofTshwaneissuchthatlessaffluentareastendtobefoundontheperipheralareasoftheCity.Thus,whileCityofTshwanehasmadestridesinimprovingthequalityoflivesfortheresidents,certaincommunitiescurrentlydonotenjoyaccesstoafullrangeofservices,socialamenitiesandfacilities.Theanalysispresentedinthischapterlaysthefoundationfortherestofthevisiondocument.


SECTION C TSHWANE VISION 2055:

A BROAD LOGIC TO GUIDE

THE CITYS GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT

This chapter articulates the Tshwane Vision 2055 whichprovides broad development logic and serves as a point of reference for the City interventions over the next 40 years. An outcome of the year-long consultation process with various stakeholders was the agreement on the six Outcomes to frame development priorities and programmes that will lead to the attainment of Tshwane Vision 2055.


CHAPTER 3 TSHWANE VISION 2055 FOUR

DECADES OF REMAKING

SOUTH AFRICAS CAPITAL CITY


A municipality must strive, within its financial and administrative capacity, to achieve the objects set out in subsection. The objects of local government are: to provide democratic and accountable government for local communities; to ensure the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner; to promote social and economic development; to promote a safe and healthy environment; and to encourage the involvement of communities and community organisations in the matters of local government.

South Africa Constitution 199678


It is difficult to predict what cities and in particular, capital cities will look like in 2055. However,

South Africa, Tshwane in particular is poised to take its place among the worlds successful,

modern and sustainable cities. It is critical to deliberately use South Africas local government

policy and legislative framework to influence a sustainable urban transition and to support the

Citys social, economic and environmental development aspirations.

Further, it is also important for Tshwane together with various sectors of society to work together

towards the achievement of the Tshwane Vision 2055 which will also contribute towards the

NDP 2030 aspirations. Therefore, when trying to imagine 2055, it is necessary to step back 20

years to consider how much things have changed not only in the City of Tshwane, but in South

Africa and globally.


Key messages:

ThecoreobjectiveoftheremakingofSouthAfricascapitalcityisbasicallyabouthowtheCityforgesanewidentity.

ThelegitimacyofthatidentityisdependentonhowtheCitysleadershipandresidentsreconcilevarioushistorical

experienceswithacollectivevisionoftheCitysreformagenda.

ItisnotunimaginablethattheCityofTshwanewillbetheonlycapitalinSouthAfricaby2055.Thejourneytorealise

thisobjectiverequiresmobilisationofotherspheresofgovernment,residents,civilsociety,andprivatesectorinorder

toconcretisetheprocessthatwillleadtoasharedunderstandingofSouthAfricascapitalcity.

TshwaneVision2055whicharisesfromtheFreedomCharterprinciplesisacalltoallresidentsandSouthAfrican

citizenstocontributeinthecreationofacapitalcitythatwillbenon-racial,anon-sexist,prosperous,andcohesive

society.

TshwaneVision2055providesallstakeholderswithaplatformtoimagine,transform,remake,andbuildacohesive

andadaptablesocietyandtointervenedecisivelyinbreakingthecycleofgenerationalpoverty,inequalityand

underdevelopment.

TshwaneVision2055Outcomessupportedbythefourdecadesofgamechangingactionsthathavebeen

developedwillenabletheCitytoaddressthechallengesofpoverty,inequality,unemploymentandsocialexclusionto

createabetterlifefortheresidentsoftheCity.

ThesixOutcomesaretheresultsofthechangethatwilldirectlyimpactthepeoplelivingintheCityby2055based

ontheprioritiesandstrategicactions.Thischangewilleitherbeintermsoflearning(knowledge,skills,attitude,and

awareness),action(behaviour,practice,decision-making,policy,socialaction)orconditions(social,economic,civic,

andenvironmental).

TshwaneVision2055isaboutmakingconsciousdevelopmentdecisionsthatmeetthebasicneedsofthepresent

generation,especiallythepoor,aswellasforthefuturegenerationtomeettheirownneeds.

TheCityofTshwaneasthecapitalcityhasaresponsibilitytoprovideefficientandeffectiveleadershiptoallSouth

Africansinmanagingtensionsandconstraintsthatmayarisewhileensuringthatsetdevelopmentalprioritiesaremet

toachieveitsvision.

TshwaneVision2055positionstheCityasaplacewhereallresidentsabilitytoaccess,occupy,useurbanspaces

andproducegoods,andtradewithotherswillinturnmakeitpossibletocultivatesocietalvaluesthatpromotesocial

cohesion,inclusionandparticipationindecisionmaking.


INTRODUCTION Buildingontheprinciplesofthe1994ReconstructionandDevelopmentProgrammethatwaspremisedonthetraditionsoftheFreedomCharter,theCityofTshwanebyactivelyinvolvingthecommunityindeterminingthesocio-economicfuturewillhaveovercomethelegacyofapartheid.WethereforeneedtobrieflyoutlinethehistoryofthecapitalcityandwhatmightinformitsremakingastheCityprogressestowards2055.

THE INCOMPLETE MAKING OF A SOUTH AFRICAN CAPITAL CITYAcapitalcityistheprimarysitewherethecountryscollectiveself-image,translatedintorealitythroughpublicarchitecture,culturalartifacts,andperformanceofnationalrituals,isputonpublicdisplay.Capitalcitiescontainwithinthemvarioustypesofcapital.Onesuchtypeistheirreasonforbeingapoliticalandadministrativecapitalforacountry.However,thepoliticalandadministrativefunctionisofadualnature.Eventhoughthecapitalcityrepresentsthenation,itsleadershipisultimatelyaccountabletotheresidentswhoelectit.Whiletheformsofcapitalarepresentedinthischapteraretobefoundinothercities,itisonlythecapitalcitythatassumesthequalityofmonumentality.Thisqualityhaseverythingtodowiththepoliticalroleofthecapitalcityasareflectionofthenationwherethegreatnessofthepastcanonlybeequalledbytheprojectionofthecityintothefuture.

Likeothercapitalcities,Tshwanehasitsownmonumentalityalthoughnottothesamescaleassomeothercapitalcities.ThismonumentalitycanbeseeninthedesignoftheUnionBuildings,oftheVoortrekkerMonument,oftheUniversitiesofSouthAfrica(UNISA)andPretoria,andmorerecently,themodestFreedomParktohonourthememoryoftheliberationstruggle,andTshwaneHousewhichwillbethenewofficialheadquartersoftheCityofTshwane.

However,therearehistoricalreasonstheCityofTshwanedidnotcompletelytakeonthemonumentalqualitiesfoundinmostothercapitalcities.ThecompromisereachedwhenestablishingtheUnionofSouthAfricain1910ledtothecreationofthreecapitals,namelyPretoriaastheseatofexecutiveauthority,CapeTownastheseatofthelegislativebranch,andMangaungasthejudicialcapital.ThephysicaldispersalofauthorityordecisionmakingpointsmeantthattheCityofTshwanewasnotanexclusivelypoliticaloradministrativecentre.Eventoday,Governmentdepartmentsarenotinonegovernmentcomplexthatisinaccessibletothepublic.TheysitsidebysidewithshopsintheCitysdowntownplacingthenationaldecisionmakersonparwiththecitizenrytotheextentthattheyarevisibleandaccessible.


Dajo Associates/Roy Friedman

Dajo Associates/Roy Friedman

90 TSHWANE VISION 2055 Dajo Associates/Lucinda du Toit



WhiletheCityofTshwaneishometoanumberofgovernmentdepartments,embassies,tertiaryandresearchinstitutions,andseveralheritagesites,theCityshistoricalspatialdevelopmentapproachhasresultedinthe:

Apartheid-boundexperienceofsocialandeconomicexclusionofthelargerpartofresidentsfrom thecityspace; Persistenceofapartheid-boundsettlementpatternsofresidentsintheCitywhichcontinuestodefinethe cityspace;and Cityshistoricalidentityasanunreachablesocialspace.

TheremakingoftheCityofTshwanewillbeanchoredinchangingtherationalethatledtotheformationofthreecapitalsaswellasestablishingadefinitivemonumentalitysymbolisedbythepresenceofnationalgovernmentdepartmentsandtherelocationofParliament.Theremakingofthecapitalcityisalsoaboutinterveningdecisivelyinthetransformationofhumansettlements,spaceeconomyaswellasthecreationoffunctioningnodes.InreferencetothecallmadeintheRDPfortheeradicationofapartheidgeography,theremakingofTshwanewillbepremisedonachievingtheprinciplesofspatialjustice,spatialsustainability,spatialresilience,spatialquality,andspatialefficiency(seeBox3.1forexplanationofterms).

Itisthereforeunimaginablethatthisspatialurbandivideshouldcontinue.Therefore,TshwaneVision2055isacallforallofustoensurethatallofusareaffordedequalrightsandthebenefitsthatourbeautifulcapitalcitycouldpotentiallyprovide.Thiscallsforspatialreform.

Box 3.1 Spatial transformation principles

Spatial justice is about reversing the historic policy of conning particular groups to limited space, as in ghettoisation and segregation, and the unfair allocation of public resources between areas, to ensure that the needs of the poor are addressed rst rather than last.

Spatial sustainability is about promoting living environments whose patterns of consumption and production do not damage the natural environment.

Spatial resilience is about building the capacity to withstand vulnerability to environmental degradation, resource scarcity and climatic shocks.

Spatial quality is about improving the aesthetic and functional features of housing and the built environment to create liveable, vibrant and valued places that allow for access and inclusion of people with disabilities.

Spatial eciency is about supporting productive activity and jobs and reducing burdens on business. Efcient commuting patterns and circulation of goods and services should be encouraged and ensure that regulatory procedures do not impose unnecessary costs on development.

Source: National Development Plan- Vision 2030: Our future make it work, p. 277


THE REMAKING OF A SOUTH AFRICAN CAPITAL CITYTheCityofTshwane,asSouthAfricascapitalcity,assumesgreatimportanceasanadministrativecentreofthenationasitisthisfunctionthatdrawsnotonlytheemployees,butalsomanybusinessestolocatethemselvesinandaroundacapitalcity.Inaddition,theStateoftheCitiesReportbytheSouthAfricanCitiesNetwork(2011)79highlightstheimportanceofcitiesasdriversofdevelopment.

Thus,fortheCityofTshwanetobecomeacompletecapitalcityasisdefinedandrepresentedinmanyothercountries,itwillproactivelyreconfigurethehard(physical)andsoftattributes(culture)oftheCity.MilestonessuchastheopeningofaReconciliationRoadlinkingtwoofourheritagesitestheFreedomParkandtheVoortrekkerMonument,onDecember162011,demonstratesourcapacityasaCitytobridgeourculturalandpoliticaldivides.ItisyetanotherremarkableaspectofSouthAfricaseclecticapproachtoculturalpreservation.Thesymbolsofthehatedpasthavenotbeenbroughtdowntobeputawayinthebasement,butstandonpublicsquaresasremindersofthepast.Asthenationscapitalcity,theCityofTshwanestandsbetterpoisedthananyothercityinthecountrytocontinuerepresentingthecountryspatrimonytoincludeeventhosevoicesandfacesthatarenotrepresentedyet.

However,itwillbeimportantforspatialreconfigurationtotakeplaceintheCityofTshwaneinordertoensurefunctionalefficiency,socialinclusionandenvironmentalsustainability80.Therefore,thetransformationofTshwanewillhavetobebalancedagainstthecompetingneeds(1)ofbecomingacapitalcitywithglobalstatuswiththat(2)ofbeinganationalsymbolthatis(3)responsivetolocaldevelopmentalneedsofitspopulation.WhatgivestheCityofTshwaneanadvantageisalsothefactthatcapitalcitiesarealwaysinastateofre-invention.

Thephysicalconstructionofmonuments,therelatedinvestmentsininfrastructureandthespin-offintermsoftourismwillbeofeconomicvaluethatgoesbeyondthedecorative.BillionsofRandswillbeinvestedintheconstructionofstreetsandboulevards,governmentdepartments,diplomaticquarters,educationalinstitutionsandotherpublicamenities.VisitorswillcomefromfarandwidetolearnaboutSouthAfricasculturalhistory;whileparentsandchildrenundertakejourneysofdiscoveryasAfricans,sharingstoriesofthecountryslongwalktofreedom.Afterall,freedomwasborninthecitywiththeinaugurationofNelsonMandelaasthecountrysfirstdemocraticpresident.Itwasherethatmanybattlesforfreedomwerewaged,includingthewomensmarchonthecityin1956.Thus,astheCityofTshwaneremakesitself,itwillbecomehometonewermonumentsasSouthAfricansandothernationsre-visitandre-telltheirstoriesoftheremadeCityofTshwane.


Source: http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/human-kindness-7.jpg

TshwaneVision2055hasidentifiedfourkeyleverstoprovidethesustainedimpetusonourjourneytoremaketheCityofTshwane.Theselevers(seeFigure3.1)broadlyarticulateourrolewithinthebroadercontinentcontextastheleadingdevelopmentpartnerforSouthAfricasforeignandnationalinterest;ourrolewithinGautengProvince;andfinally,ourroleatthelocallevelasadevelopmentallocalgovernment.Wediscusseachleverinthefollowingsections.

Figure 3.1 Levers for remaking the City of Tshwane

Embracing a new age of Pan-Africanism

Leading the development of a collaborative

Gauteng City Region

Creating a better life for the people of Tshwane

Consolidating our intellectual and

innovation capacity

City of Tshwane


Lever 1: Consolidating our intellectual and innovation capacity

AspartofTshwaneVision2055,theCityofTshwaneshouldaimtodevelopintoalocalandcontinentalcentreofexcellencebyanchoringitselfwithinitsknowledgeinstitutions,especiallyitsinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Tshwaneishometonationallyandinternationallyrespecteduniversities.TshwaneUniversityofTechnologyisthelargestresidentialuniversityinthecountryandtheUniversityofPretoriaisrankedamongthetopfiveSouthAfricanuniversities.TheUniversityofSouthAfricaisthelargestlongdistancelearninginstitutioninAfricaandintheworld.ThisinstitutionalandintellectualdensitygivesTshwanecomparativeadvantageovereveryothercountryintheareaofAfricaninternationalrelationsformainlytworeasons.

Whilethereareanumberofimponderablesaboutwhatpoliticaldecisionsmightbemadebyfuturepoliticians,Tshwane/Midrand/JohannesburgwilldominatetheSouthAfricaspoliticaleconomy.Withthateconomicdominancetheregionislikelytohavemorepoliticalcloutwhenitcomestomovingtheotherbranchesofgovernmenttoonelocation.SuchamovewouldfurtherenhancenotonlyTshwanebutalsoSouthAfricasinternationalrelations.Thereasonthatcompanies,intellectuals,andartistswouldwanttomovetopoliticalandeconomicmegalopolisistheproximitytopoliticaldecisionmakersaswellasthemarketthatsuchacityprovides.Theaccessisnotjusttothecitybutalsotothecountry.OncelocatedinthecountrycompaniescaninturnengageintradewithotherAfricancountries,orwiththerestoftheworld.SouthAfricawouldnotonlybeagatewayforcompaniesseekingaccesstoAfrica,butforAfricancompaniesseekingaccesstoSouthAfricaandtheworld.

Thus,theCityofTshwanecouldeasilybecometheintellectualhubforAfrica-relatedstudiesinboththeartsandthesciencesandasthemulticulturalhomeoftheAfricanRenaissance.

Lever 2: Creating a better life for the people of Tshwane

TheCityofTshwaneiscommittedtocreatingaspaceforcitizenstofindvalueintheideaofremakingtheCityofTshwane,SouthAfricascapitalcity.Theideaofacapitalcityisanintangiblebenefitthatwouldfindresonance


mostlyamongresidentswhoseethecityasaspaceforexpressionofsocioeconomicprosperityandprogress.TheideaofthecapitalcitythereforewouldbeaspaceofdialoguebetweentheCityandcitizenswherecitizensconstantlynegotiatewhatitmeanstobeacapitalcitywhileatthesametimeadaptingtotheidealsproposedbytheCitywhenitcomestothevisionofitsremakingofthecapitalcity.

Importantly,theCitywillnotseeitsresidentsaspassivelyrecipientofwhatitmeanstoliveinthecapitalCity;rather,thecallwillbeforcreatingenduringpartnershipsthatwillleadtoatangiblebetterlifeforthepeoplethatliveinthecapitalcity.Thismeansmovingbeyondservicedeliverytoapassivecitizenryandtheregulationofthephysicalenvironmenttothecreationofconditionsinwhichallcitizenscandeveloptotheirfullpotentialbyleadingproductiveandfulfillinglives81.Thus,toeffectivelydothis,aconcertedeffortisrequiredfromnationalgovernmentandpoliticalparties,aswellasfromlocalmunicipalitiestorestorepopulartrustandcredibilityinlocalgovernment82.

Lever 3: Leading the development of a collaborative Gauteng City Region

Itiscrucialtounderstandhowindividualcitiesandtownsfunctionwithinalargerpolycentricurbanwhole,andfurtherhowoptimalfunctioningofthiswholecanbeadvancedthroughimprovementsinintergovernmentalrelationsbetweentheseparateadministrationsresponsibleforpiecesofthelargerregion.Inanutshell,thisisanargumenttoacknowledgethatnopartoftheurbanregionisanisland,andbecausethepartsformacompositewholeasanindisputablegeographicfact,itisimportanttocollectivelyworktogethertoaddresscross-boundarychallenges,andoptimiseregion-wideopportunities.

Whilecompetitivenessmaycertainlybeenhancedbythisworking-together,justasimportantarethepolicygoalsofintegration,socialandeconomicinclusivity,accessibilitytoopportunityandurbanamenity,andenvironmentalsustainability.Allofthesearemorerelevanttotheimmediate,localisedneedsandaspirationsofresidentsthanistheissueofthestandingonthehierarchyofworldcities.

Citiesandcityregionsformpartofaworld-widenetworkofplacesthat,morethanthenationalterritoriesofwhichtheyareapart,articulatetheglobaleconomyofproduction,exchange,consumptionandinnovation.Thisnotionhasunderpinnedthefurtherideathatcitiesoughttoaspiretobemoreimportantnodeswithintheweboftheworldeconomy.Asapolicy-good,thisthinkinggoesthat,urbancentresshouldstrivetobecomeworld-citiesorglobalcity-regions.

ThecityregionisanewwayoflookingaturbanGauteng,notjustasacollectionoftowns,cities,localgovernmentsandboundaries,butasasinglemetropoliswithpotentialatthegloballevel(seeFigure3.2).Thischangeoffocusisimportantforestablishinginstitutionalrelationshipsthatwillleadthegrowthanddevelopmentofthecity/region83.TheTshwaneofthefutureisalsolikelytobemoredemographicallydiversethanitisnowwithmoreandmorepeopleattractedtotheopportunitiesofferedbythenewmegalopolis.

Figure 3.2 Urban land cover of the Gauteng City Region, 2009

Midrand

Pretoria

Vereeniging

Johannesburg

10m provincial urban land cover ( GeoTerraImage (GTI) -2009)

2009 GTI Urban Land Cover

Source: GCRO: http://www.gcro.ac.za/sites/default/files/maps/pdfs/gcro_urban_land_cover_gti_2009.pdf 84


TheGautengCityRegion(GCR)iscomprisedoftheofTshwane-Johannesburg-Ekurhulenimetropolitans(seeFigure3.3)85.TheGautengCityRegion(G2055)discussiondocumentprovidesalong-termplanforthedevelopmentoftheGautengCityRegion(GCR).TheGautengProvincialGovernmentsVision2055offersthefollowingasanoverarchingstatementoftheglobalcity-region86:

Anchored by an urban core, city-regions span larger functional areas, whose geographic borders are drawn by a number of concentrations, flows and linkages. These typically include large populations and dense labour markets, commuting flows from places of residence to places of work, transport logistics corridors that move goods and services, firm networks, spatial agglomeration economies, and even water catchments and other biophysical variables, such as rainfall and biosphere reserves.

Figure 3.3 Schematic footprint of the Gauteng City Region

Source: GCRO: Gauteng Provincial Government, 2012. G2055 Discussion Document

TheG2055furtherindicatesthattheGCRisalsoahighlyinter-connectedgeographicalareawithafootprintthatextendsbeyondGautengsbordersduetoconnectivity,interdependenciesandsynergies.Thismetropolisisgrowingintooneofthemajorurbanregionsintheworld.TheGCRisnotedashavingthelargesturbaneconomyonthecontinentandplaysasignificantroleasthelogisticshuboftheSADCregion.

Our contribution to the Gauteng City Region

TheCityofTshwanewillleadthesupportefforttodevelopaGautengCityRegionbeingledbytheGautengProvincialGovernment.WehaveidentifiedanumberofinterventionsthatwewillpursuewithinourownboundariesandacrossmunicipalboundarieswithintheProvincetopromotethedevelopmentoftheGautengCityRegionoverthenextfewdecades.Theseincludebutarenotlimitedtothepromotionof:

Co-ordinatedlandpublictransportserviceprovision; Co-ordinateddevelopmentoflandfreighttransportfacilitiesandintegratedmanagement; Co-ordinateddevelopmentofroadnetworksespeciallywhereeconomiccorridorshavebeenidentified; Co-ordinatedinvestmentinindustrialrenewal/refurbishmentespeciallywhereindustrialzones/corridors crossmunicipalborders;


Co-ordinateddevelopmentofnewurbannodeswheretheseareontheedgeofmunicipalboundariesor wherethesearebasedonjointprovincialandlocalinfrastructureinvestments; Improvedco-ordinationaroundmanagementofdevelopmentapplicationsandlicenses wherefullcompliancerequiresthatbusinessesdealwithbothlocalandprovince; Co-ordinatedpolicyapproachestohiddenbulk-coststructuresthataffecttheexpansionofthe Gautengregion; Co-ordinatedlargescaletourisminfrastructureinvestments,especiallywheretheremaybelocational overlapsorsymbolicsynergies; Collaborationwithothermunicipalitiestofacilitateinvestmentattraction; Jointeffortstomanagedowntherisingcostsofkeyresourceinputssourcedexternally;and Co-ordinationofstrategicinformationgatheringexercisesandinformationmanagementfacilitiestobenefit theGautengCityRegion.

Lever 4: Embracing a new age of Pan-Africanism

TheTshwaneofthefutureisalsolikelytobemoredemographicallydiversethanitisnowwithmoreandmorepeopleattractedtotheopportunitiesofferedthroughtheremakingoftheCity.ItisinthisregardtheCityofTshwanewillpositionitselfasthehomeoftheAfricanrenaissance,bringingtogetherculturalandintellectualperspectivesfromwithinSouthAfricaandthecontinentasawhole.However,itwillnotbeaboutdominationoftheAfricanrenaissanceagenda;ratheritwillbeabouttheCityofTshwanesupportingSouthAfricascommitmenttoPanAfricanismasaguidetoactionandthefoundationsforAfricasRenaissance87.OurcommitmenttosupportourcountrysforeignandnationalinterestismagnifiedbecauseofthesignificantconcentrationofthediplomaticcommunitywithinourCity.

Fromaneconomicdevelopmentperspective,theCityofTshwanehasaroletoplayinsupportingthecountrysBRICSagenda.TheBRICS(Brazil,Russia,India,ChinaandSouthAfrica)configurationisanassociationoftheleadingemergingeconomies.ThegroupinghadbeencalledBRICbeforetheaccessionofSouthAfricainDecember201088.ProjectionsoffutureeconomicgrowthbysizeofeconomyrankBrazil(7)Russia(15),India(3),China(1)andSouthAfrica(36)willbeinthetop40by205089.AsSouthAfricascapital,theCityofTshwanewillsupportallgovernmentprogrammesofensuringthattheAfricanagendaisconsolidated,remainsatthecoreofBRICScapitalcitiesandincreasingstrategiccooperationwithotheremergingeconomies.

Tothisendtheinterrelatedrelationshipbetweeninternationalrelations,diplomacyandtradeisclearlyevidentintheCityofTshwane.Thisisbecause,withtheincreaseinthesizeofcitiestherehasbeenaconcomitantriseinthedevelopmentofwhatsomescholarscallparadiplomacyorconstituentunitdiplomacy,whichreferstothedevelopmentofinternationalrelationsamongcities.

Paradiplomacyispartofanewtrendinthesphereofinternationalrelationsitself.Thisistheshiftfrom19thand20thcenturyconceptionsofinternationalrelationsthatwerealmostexclusivelyfocusedonbalanceofpowerandthemaintenanceofpowerblocstoaconstructionofinternationaldiplomacybasedontrade.Paradiplomacybecomescrucialpreciselybecausethefateofnationsincreasinglydependsonthecapacityoftheirbiggestcitiestodeveloptraderelationshipswithothercitiesintheworld.Thiscallsforthedevelopmentofnewinternational/inter-cityinternationalrelationsskillswithinlocalgovernments.

Ourapproachtoparadiplomacywillnotbedrivenbyanarrowinterestofpromotingourowninterests.Rather,ourparadiplomacyfocuswillfirstlybeatthenationalandprovinciallevelswherewewillaimtoplayasignificantsupportandleadershiproletosupportthenationalandprovincialgovernmentsnationalandforeigninterestagenda.Inordertoplayaleadershiproleinsuchacontextoutlinedabove,theCityofTshwanewillactivelycontinuetodevelopitsowninternationalrelationscapacity,particularlygivenourroleasSouthAfricascapitalcity.Secondly,atthelocalgovernmentlevel,theCityofTshwaneasthecapitalcity,willleadcollaborativeparadiplomacyinterventionstosupportothercitiesandco-operatewiththemonthebasisofpromotinglocalgovernmentinterestsinternallyandexternally.

Paradiplomacy can broadly be understood as diplomacy activities conducted by other entities such as provincial governments or local governments as other than the state with a view of promoting their own interests.


WHAT THE CITY OF TSHWANE COULD BE IN 2055Duringourengagementandoutreachprocess,stakeholderssharedtheirvisionfortheCityofTshwane.

The people of Tshwane should undertsand and respect people

with disabilities.

The City must employ local community

members for maintaining and clearing parks

I do wish thered be more debate about a green city, and the place of the arts. Cities of the future have to build these elements in; it cant all be about

governance and transport. Cities need a heart, too.

Urban design would transform the value of the City and encourage people to love walking itthis will reduce carbon emissions

The Hennops river needs a huge clean up.

Hiking adds to a balanced life. But not a pleasure

walking there with all the rubbish around...

We can construct a fast subway train that passes through the

CBD connecting to the important nodes.

How is the City positioning itself particularly when it comes to

global competitiveness?

Together with this we could create a pedestrian oriented

cityby making more attractive walkways and good building

interfaces... redesigning buildings to interact with people on the

street.

I think library facilities that offer a vibrant environment for people to read and learn especially young people is

crucial, perhaps positioning libraries in busy areas such as multi-purpose centres

would be a great example.

The municipality must create dedicated Taxi stops

to reduce bad driving in order to improve road safety

on the township streets.

I wish the City could have flexible routes to drive

around the CBD, create a well-managed area for

vendors, its difficult to walk around

A dilemma - the longer the provision of housing takes,

the more people will be forced to live in settlements, but they also need a certain standard of living so if basic

services and so on are provided, the chances are

that the settlements will remain.


The current and future city of Tshwane as envisioned by a young person


citiesandothercitiesleadtoavisioningofwhattheCityofTshwanecouldlooklikein2055.Thesecityperspectivesnotcastinstoneareusefultohelpusimagineandarticulatewhatphysicalandintangibleattributespeoplewanttoseeinacapitalcity.Andwhilethesemaychangeinformedbythepresentrealities,theyareausefulcompassfortheremakingofthecapitalcitywhereourmonumentalitywillnotjustbeaboutphysicalbuildings,itwillbeaboutaremadeCityofTshwanethathasthefollowingcharacteristics90:

Addressestheneedsofthepooranddeliberatelydealswithpovertyinanurbanisedsettingwhichholds obviousadvantagesforthepooringettingaccesstoservicesandopportunitiesandtothestateas custodianofpublicserviceprovision; Achievessustainedeconomicgrowthwhichisthereforeapreconditionforsustainedimprovementsinthe livesofpeople; Provideshighqualitylivingexperiencesinwhichpeoplewanttosettleandinvest. Ahighquality environmentisareflectionoftherangeofeconomicopportunities,culturalexperiences, senseofsafetyandaqualityphysicalenvironment.Theavailabilityofarangeofeffectiveandefficiently providedpublicservices,transportandamenitiesareimportantfactorsincreatingahighqualityliving experience; Providesconnectivityintermsofavailabilityofqualitycommunicationsinfrastructure,masstransit systemsandexcellentregionalandinternationaltransportconnections.Thisisaprerequisitein establishingafootholdintradeandfinancialflowswithinaregionandglobalcontext. Publicinvestmentsintransportandcommunicationsinfrastructurearekeyfactorsinfluencing competitiveness;and Increasesthesizewhichgeneratesagglomerationadvantagessinceitstimulatesagrowingrangeof economicactivity.Competitiveagglomerationbenefitsareinfluencedbydispensableincome,thecostof publicservices,transport,labourandotherinputcosts,aswellastheappropriatenessofthelabourskills toeconomicrequirements.

Figure3.4representsaperspectiveontheCityofTshwanesaspirations. Figure 3.4 An artists impression of quality of living in Tshwane in 2055

City of Tshwane


OUR SPATIAL REFORM AGENDAInlinewiththeFreedomChartercommitmentofredressingtheissueofaccesstolandandshelter,thegovernmentofSouthAfricabetween1994and2011builtinexcessof3millionhousesforover13millioncitizensofwhichsomewerebuiltintheCityofTshwane91.However,thefirst20yearsofourdemocracyhasalsobeenmarkedbyunprecedentedurbanisationandmigrationintocities.Asitisthecaseforothercities,intheCityofTshwanethemajorityofthepeoplewhohavemigratedintotheCityfindthemselveseitherresidinginthepreviousdormitorytownshipsorintheinformalsettlements.ThesetownshipsandinformalsettlementsareusuallylocatedontheperipheryoftheCityseconomicactivityzones,arepoorlyservicedareas,anddonothavesecurityoftenure.ThisfurtheralienatestheseresidentsfromaccessingCitysocio-economicservices,opportunities,andtheyusuallyincurgreatercostsoftransportation.

ItisthereforeagainstthisbackgroundthatcentraltoTshwaneVision2055istherecognitionthatourcapitalcityisnotonlyaplaceforthemoreaffluentmembersofsociety,butforallwhocalltheCityofTshwanehome.

TheCityofTshwanesspatialreformagendaispremisedontheappreciationandunderstandingthatthecompleteremakingofthecapitalcityrequiresstrongspatialgovernance.StrongspatialgovernanceisabouttheCityscapacitytolead,direct,andengagewithallstakeholdersaroundtheCityslong-termspatialvisionthatisanchoredinthepublicinterest.Ourlong-termspatialvisionwillnotonlybeaboutputtingaplanforward;itisaboutchangingthespatialdistortionthatcurrentlyexists.Forthischangetohappen,boldleadership,innovation,andbeingreceptivetonewwaysofknowinganddoingareprerequisites.

WeknowthattheCityofTshwaneisapolycentricCitythatismadeupofRegionsandnodes(seeFigure3.5)thatpossessanumberofopportunities.Drawingfromexperiencesofothercities,thecombinationoftheseopportunitiesandtheprinciplesofspatialtransformationdictatethatwe,throughourRegions:



Drivespatialtransformationthroughdensificationandcompactdevelopment; Addressmanyoftheillscurrentlycausedbyurbansprawl; Achieveabalancedsustainablegrowthtooptimisethepotentialandinfrastructurecapacity; Revitaliseanddevelopneweconomicnodesthatsupporttransit-orienteddevelopmentandpublic transportsystems; Strategicallyinvestininfrastructuretargetingvariousnodes,corridors,activityspines,andstrategicland parcelsthatsupporthigherintensityofmixedusedevelopment; Achieveabalancedsustainableurbangrowthbyimplementingacertaindensitytypologybasedonthe characteristicsofthelocality; Conserveandprotectnaturalresourcesthroughtheintentionalorderingofurbandevelopmentwithinthe boundariesofspecificdelineations;and GiveequalaccesstotheCityssocialandeconomicinfrastructure.

Moreover,fortheCityofTshwanetobealiveable,resilient,andinclusiveCity,ourspatialtransformationagendawillbe:

Reliantontheextenttowhichourlegislativeframeworkincentivisescommunityandprivatesector-led initiatives; Supportedbyourabilityandwillingnesstoproactivelymanageinformalandformalgrowth;and Premisedontheimplementationofcompactionanddensificationpolicies.

Itisimportanttonotethatasefficientasnewgrowthareasandnodesmaybewithinthemselves,thesewillnotbesustainableifresidentscannotaccessthem.Thus,connectivitythroughthemobilitynetworkswillensureaccessforresidents,providingaccesstoresidentialthatbetterintegratesthemtoemploymentopportunities.TheTshwaneVision2055alsoemphasisestheprinciplethatthecatchmentareaofeachnodeintheCityofTshwaneshouldbefullycoveredintermsoffeederroutesystemsthatsupportthemaintransportationroutes,andthatnopersonshouldhavetowalkmorethan800mwithinanodetofindaformofqualitypublictransport.


Figure 3.5 Selected City of Tshwane nodes

Developed by Andr Wright, Boogertman + Partners Architects


Forthenextfourdecadesofgamechanging,theCityofTshwanesspatialreformwillbeledbytheCitythroughdeliberateinfrastructureinvestmentonstrategiclandparcelsintheRegionssoastocrowdininvestorsandotherspheresofgovernment(seeFigure3.6).TheCitywillalsomakeaconcertedefforttosupportcommunity-ledinitiativesaspartofbroadeningaccesstosocio-economicopportunities.

Figure 3.6 Tshwane Vision 2055 spatial reform agenda

Developed Andr Wright, Boogertman + Partners Architects


FortheCityofTshwanetomeaningfullycontributeatthesocial,economicandpoliticallevelsthatsupporttherealisationofafunctionalGautengCityRegion(discussedearlierinthechapter),ithastoreconfigureitsspatialform.Theconceptofacityregionisbuiltaroundtheexistenceoffunctional,interrelatedgeographicnetworkofurbancentreseachcontributingtoitsgrowth.

Tobuildanintegrated,competitiveAfricancapitalcitywithadiverseeconomicbaserequiresafunctionalcapitalcore.ThespatialreformstrategyoftheCityofTshwaneisaboutintegratingdifferentpartsandRegionsoftheCityandalsoaboutdevelopingsustainableandfunctioningnodes.Theroleofthecapitalcoreisamplifiedinthatitformsthenucleusfromwhichnodesemerge,develop,andgrow.InmostoftheRegionalnodes,theCitywilldirectitsinfrastructureinvestmentinvariousnodessoastostimulatevariouseconomicactivities.

InorderfortheCityofTshwanetoaccommodateprojectedpopulationgrowth,diversificationofitseconomicbase,andbecomesustainable,futuredevelopmentwillbebasedonstrategiccatchmentareaslocatedalongmajorpublictransportroutes.Thefollowingaresomeinterventions(interventionsnamedherearenotexhaustive)identifiedforeachRegionthatwillsupporttheCitysspatialreformagenda.

Region 1

TheZoneofChoiceisastrategicinvestmentfocusareaandacatalystonthedevelopmentwithinthenorthernareasoftheCityofTshwane.TheidentificationoftheZoneofChoiceisrelatedtoitsproximitytothecapitalcore,existinginfrastructure(suchastheN4),andthemomentumofexistingdevelopmentssuchastheindustrialareaofRosslynwhichprovidesemploymentopportunitiesforthemajorityoftheCitysresidents.TheinvestmentininfrastructureintheZoneofChoice,Mabopane,andGa-Rankuwawillsupportfuturedevelopmentandgrowthoftheautomotiveindustry.TheRainbowJunctionisthemixeduseeconomicnodealsolocatedwithintheZoneofChoice.

City of Tshwane


Region 2

Currently,Region2doesnothaveastrongeconomicbase,buthaslimitedeconomicactivitiesnamelyinformaltrade,communitystokvelsandtheexistenceofasmallindustrialparkBabelegi,andarecentlydevelopedshoppingcentre.Assuch,Region2isconsideredtobeanareaofconsolidationwhichmeanstheCityofTshwanewillleadintheinvestmentofsocio-economicinfrastructureintheHammanskraalCBDsoastocrowdinanddirectpublicandprivatesectorinvestment.

Region 3

Region3includestheinnercapitalcore,whichisthehomeofnationalgovernment,institutionsofhigherlearning,andknowledgecentresandprovidestheinterchangeforvariouspublictransportmodes.Themodernisationandtheregenerationoftheinnercapitalcoreformsanintegralpartoftheremakingofthecapitalcity.CatalyticprojectssuchastheMandelaDevelopmentCorridor,TshwaneHouse,theWestCapitalwhichisaCityandnationalgovernment-ledinitiativeinpartnershipwiththeprivatesector,thepedestrianisationofPaulKruger,andSalvakopaswellasdevelopmentaroundthePretoriaGautrainstatonwillplayamajorroleinmodernisingthecapitalcore(seeFigure3.7-Figure3.9).

City of Tshwane/ Andr Wright, Boogertman + Partners Architects

City of Tshwane

City of Tshwane


Region 4

Region4actsasanimportantcorridorlinkingMidrandandCenturionCBDanditisknownasthehigh-techbeltduetotheexistenceofAerosatandtheCenturionAviationVillage(CAV).TheRegionalsofallswithintheeconomiccoreoftheProvince.TheCenturionCBDandtheAfricanGatewayprojectrepresentasignificantlandmarkmixedusedevelopmentintheCityofTshwane.Further,theN1,N14andM1interchangealsoprovidesafutureprominentfocalpointforeconomicdevelopmentandwillenhancetheidentityofthisregion.

City of Tshwane

City of Tshwane


Region 5

TherevitalisationanddevelopmentofthisRegionwillbeanchoredaroundthethreeareasofCullinan,Refilwe,andRayton.Aspartofthisrevival,theCityofTshwanewillleadtheinfillhighdensityandmixedusedevelopmentinandaroundtheRaytonCBDaswellinvestintheupgradeofinfrastructuretosupportfutureeconomicactivity.Region 6

KnownastheknowledgebeltintheCityofTshwaneduetothehighconcentrationofresearchanddevelopmentinstitutions.ThepresenceofsomeofthebiggestfinancialservicesentitiesaswellasthedevelopmentaroundMenlynmakesthisnodeoneofthecriticalnodesforfuturedevelopment.TheCitywilldeliberatelydrivethedevelopmentofMamelodiCBDandpromotetownshiptourismthroughthepreservationofheritage.

Region 7

TheCityofTshwanewillcontinuetoinvestinthefurtherdevelopmentoflightindustriesintheareasofEkandustriaandBronkhorstspruitinordertosupportthemanufacturi

Documents

Tshwane Vision 2055