Troubleshooting WAN Protocols in Cisco IOS Software

Co p y r ig h t © 2 0 0 3 , Cis c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . P r in te d in U S A .P r e s e n ta tio n _ ID .s c r

111© 2 0 0 3 , C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll rig h ts re s e rv e d .

A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T r o u b le s h o o tin g W A N P r o to c o ls in Cis c o IO S ® S o ftw a r e

S e s s io n A CC-3 0 0 0



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S k ill L e v e l A s s u m p tio n s

• H a v e p r o to c o l le v e l k n o w le d g e o f:

F r a m e R e la y , P P P a n d /o r A T M

• F a m ilia r w ith Cis c o IO S W A N c o n fig u r a tio n o f:

T 1 , T 3 a n d S O N E T c o n tr o lle r s

H D L C, P P P , F r a m e R e la y a n d W A N A T M


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

W A N T r o u b le s h o o tin g M a x im

“ If th e lo w e r la y e r d o e s n ’t w o r k , th e u p p e r la y e r c a n ’t w o r k .”A n c ie n t W A N T r o u b le s h o o tin g P r o v e r b



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S e s s io n T o p ic s

• T 1 a n d T 3 T r a n s m is s io n L in e s

• P o in t-to -P o in t S O N E T

• H D L C

• P P P

• F r a m e R e la y

• W A N A T M


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T r o u b le s h o o tin g T 1 o r D ig ita l L e a s e d L in e s

• V e r ify CS U /D S U s e ttin g sF r a m in g , lin e c o d e , c lo c k in g , tim e s lo ts , s p e e d , in te r fa c e ty p eS CT E u s e d to c o m p e n s a te fo r c lo c k p h a s e s h ift

• L o o p b a c k s a r e y o u r fr ie n d s

S e r v ic e T im e s ta m p s D e b u g D a te M S E CS e r v ic e T im e s ta m p s L o g D a te M S E C

S e r v ic e T im e s ta m p s D e b u g D a te M S E CS e r v ic e T im e s ta m p s L o g D a te M S E C

D CED CE D CED CE

D S U /CS UR o u te r(S e r ia l In t.)

D T ED T E T e lc o D S U /CS U R o u te r(S e r ia l In t.)

D T ED T E



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

• P e r fo r m a n c e Co u n te r s

D e g r a d e d M in s

E r r o r e d S e c s

B u r s ty E r r S e c s

S e v e r e ly E r r S e c s

U n a v a il S e c s

• D e fe c t Co u n te r s

L in e Co d e V io la tio n s

P a th Co d e V io la tio n s

B r e a k d o w n o f T 1 Co n tr o lle r Co u n te r s


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 : M e a n in g o f Co n tr o lle r Co u n te r s

• L in e Co d e V io la tio n s (L CV )— n u m b e r o f b ip o la r v io la tio n s o re x c e s s iv e z e r o s

• P a th Co d e V io la tio n s (P CV )— n u m b e r o f fr a m e s y n c h r o n iz a tio n b it e r r o r s in S F fr a m e fo r m a t o r CR C e r r o r s in E S F fr a m e s

• S lip S e c s — n u m b e r o f s e c o n d s c o n ta in in g o n e o r m o r e c o n tr o lle d s lip s

• F r L o s s S e c s — n u m b e r o f s e c o n d s w ith a t le a s t o n e O u t o f F r a m e (O O F ) e r r o r

• L in e E r r S e c s — n u m b e r o f s e c o n d s w ith a t le a s t o n e lin e c o d e v io la tio n

• D e g r a d e d M in s — m in u te s s in c e c o n tr o lle r h a s b e e n u p a n d a v a ila b le th a t th e e r r o r r a te p e r m in u te e x c e e d e d 0 .0 0 0 0 0 1 b u t w a s le s s th a n 0 .0 0 1

Data in current interval (359 seconds elapsed):9 Line Code Violations, 55 Path Code Violations21 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 9 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins31 Errored Secs, 5 Bursty Err Secs, 1 Severely Err Secs0 Unavail Secs, 0 Stuffed Secs



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3



• E r r o r e d S e c s — to ta l s e c o n d s c o n ta in in g o n e o r m o r e P CV s , O O F c o n d itio n s , A IS a la r m s o r c o n tr o lle d s lip s fo r E S F fo r m a t; S F a ls o c o u n t s e c o n d s c o n ta in in g o n e o r m o r e L CV s

• B u r s ty E r r S e c s — n u m b e r o f s e c o n d s c o n ta in in g o n e to3 2 0 P CV s

• S e v e r e ly E r r S e c s — fo r E S F fo r m a t, th e to ta l n u m b e r o f s e c o n d s c o n ta in in g m o r e th a n 3 2 0 P CV s , a t le a s t o n e O O F c o n d itio n o r a n A IS d e te c tio n ; fo r S F /D 4 fo r m a t, th e to ta l n u m b e r o f s e c o n d s w ith m o r e th a n 1 5 4 4 L CV s o r a t le a s t o n e O O F c o n d itio n


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3



• U n a v a il S e c s — to ta l s e c o n d s th a t th e T 1 c o n tr o lle r c a n n o t p a s s tr a ffic ; u n a v a ila b le s e c o n d s b e g in w h e n te n c o n s e c u tiv e s e v e r e ly e r r o r e d s e c o n d s o c c u r ; th e u n a v a ila b le s e c o n d s e n d w h e n te n c o n tig u o u s s e c o n d s e la p s e w ith n o s e v e r e ly e r r o r e d s e c o n d s ; d u r in g a n u n a v a ila b le s e c o n d n o n e o f th e o th e r T 1 c o n tr o lle r c o u n te r s in c r e m e n t

• S tu ffe d S e c s — to ta l s e c o n d s w h e r e n o n -d a ta b it p a tte r n s m u s t b e tr a n s m itte d d u e to T X b u ffe r u n d e r r u n s



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

R X

T X

T X

T XT X

B lu e A la r m S e n t

Y e llo w A la r m S e n tY e llo w A la r m S e n tY e llo w A la r m S e n t

U p s tr e a m

R X

R X

R X

R X

T X T X

R X

T 1 /T 3 : A la r m S c e n a r io

R e dA la r m


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 : R e d A la r m

• O c c u r s w h e n T 1 r e c e iv e r h a s L o s s o f S ig n a l (L O S )

• L O S d e fin e d in R F C 1 4 0 6 a s :

“ F o r T 1 , th e L o s s o f S ig n a l fa ilu r e is d e c la r e d u p o n o b s e r v in g 1 7 5 + /- 7 5 c o n tig u o u s p u ls e p o s itio n s w ith n o p u ls e s o f e ith e r p o s itiv e o r n e g a tiv e p o la r ity ”



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 /T 3 : Y e llo w A la r m

• Y e llo w a la r m is th e c o m m o n e x p r e s s io n fo r a R e m o te A la r m In d ic a tio n (R A I)

• A y e llo w a la r m is tr a n s m itte d w h e n th e r e c e iv e r h a s lo s s o f s ig n a l; in th is c a s e , th e r e c e iv e r is in r e d a la r m a n d th e tr a n s m itte r s e n d s ay e llo w a la r m

• If th e r e c e iv e r is in y e llo w a la r m , th is in d ic a te s a p r o b le m e x is ts in th e fa r e n d .


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 : D e c la r in g a Y e llo w A la r m

• F o r S F lin k s , th e y e llo w (A K A fa r e n d ) a la r m fa ilu r e is d e c la r e d w h e n b it 6 o f a ll o f th e c h a n n e ls h a s b e e n z e r o fo r a t le a s t 3 3 5 m s ; th e fa ilu r e is c le a r e d w h e n b it 6 o f a t le a s t o n e c h a n n e l is n o t z e r o fo r a p e r io d u s u a lly le s s th a n o n e s e c o n d a n d a lw a y s le s s th a n 5 s e c o n d s ; th e fa r e n d a la r m fa ilu r e is n o t d e c la r e d fo r S F lin k s w h e n a L o s s o f S ig n a l is d e te c te d

• F o r E S F lin k s , th e fa r e n d a la r m fa ilu r e is d e c la r e d if th e y e llo w a la r m s ig n a l p a tte r n o c c u r s in a t le a s t s e v e n o u t o f te n c o n tig u o u s 1 6 -b it p a tte r n in te r v a ls ; th e fa ilu r e is c le a r e d if th e Y e llo w A la r m s ig n a l p a tte r n d o e s n o t o c c u r in te n c o n tig u o u s 1 6 -b it s ig n a l p a tte r n in te r v a ls



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 : E S F Y e llo w A la r m P a tte r n

• E S F y e llo w a la r m is tr a n s m itte d a s a r e p e a tin g 1 6 b it p a tte r n o f 8 o n e b its fo llo w e d b y 8 z e r o b its

• T h is p a tte r n is tr a n s m itte d in th e F D L o v e r h e a d b its

• P a tte r n m u s t b e tr a n s m itte d fo r a m in im u m o f 1 s e c o n d


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 /T 3 : A IS a n d B lu e A la r m s

• A n u n fr a m e d “ a ll o n e s ” b it s tr e a m is c a lle d a n A la r m In d ic a tio n S ig n a l (A IS ); r e c e p tio n o f a n A IS c a u s e s a “ b lu e a la r m ” s ta te o n th e r e c e iv in g d e v ic e

• T 1 tr a n s p o r t d e v ic e s e n d s A IS w h e n th e s ig n a l to tr a n s m it d o w n s tr e a m is lo s t; i.e . th e r e is a p r o b le m u p s tr e a m



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 /T 3 : A la r m S ta te s

• A T 1 d e v ic e ’s c u r r e n t a la r m s ta te is b a s e d o n th e s ig n a l p a tte r n o r la c k o f s ig n a l p r e s e n t a t th e T 1 d e v ic e ’s r e c e iv e r

• T h e tr a n s m itte d s ig n a l p a tte r n s e n t b y th e T 1 d e v ic e ’s tr a n s m itte r d o e s n o t d e te r m in e th e a la r m s ta te o f th e d e v ic e


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 : S h o w Co n tr o lle r w ith A la r m s

show controller t1

T1 2/1 is down

Transmitter is sending remote alarm (Yellow alarm)

Receiver has loss of signal

Framing is ESF, Line Code is B8ZS, Clock Source is Line

Data in current interval (160 seconds elapsed):

0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations

0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 160 Unavail Secs



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 /T 3 : T r o u b le s h o o tin g T o o ls

• “ E x te n d e d ” p in g te s ts

• L o o p b a c k s

Co n tr o lle r lo o p s

S e r ia l lo o p s

H a r d w ir e lo o p s

• B E R T g e n e r a to r s

2 02 02 0© 2 0 0 3 , C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll rig h ts re s e rv e d .

A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

U s in g “ e x te n d e d ” P in g Co m m a n d to T e s t a T 1

• Y o u c a n u s e th e Cis c o IO S e x e c c o m m a n d “ p in g ” to te s t T 1 c ir c u its fo r lin e c o d e m is m a tc h e s , T 1 r e p e a te r p r o b le m s a n d tim in g is s u e s

• T h e “ p in g ” c o m m a n d h a s a n “ e x te n d e d c o m m a n d s ” s e c tio n th a t a llo w s y o u to e n te r th e 2 b y te d a ta p a tte r n th a t is r e p e a te d in th e p a y lo a d o f th e p in g p a c k e t



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

U s in g “ e x te n d e d ” P in g Co m m a n d to T e s t a T 1 (Co n t.)

• T h r e e u s e fu l p in g d a ta p a tte r n s th a t e x p o s e lin e p r o b le m s :

0 x 0 0 0 0 (lin e c o d e m is m a tc h e s )

0 x F F F F (r e p e a te r p o w e r p r o b le m s )

0 x 4 0 4 0 (tim in g p r o b le m s )


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

U s in g “ e x te n d e d ” P in g Co m m a n d to T e s t a T 1 (Co n t.)

• E x a m p le :Router#pingProtocol [ip]:Target IP address: 13.200.2.5Repeat count [5]: 100Datagram size [100]: 1500Timeout in seconds [2]:Extended commands [n]: ySource address or interface:Type of service [0]:Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:Validate reply data? [no]:Data pattern [0xABCD]: 0x4040Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:Sweep range of sizes [n]:Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 1500-byte ICMP Echos to 13.200.2.5, timeout is 2 seconds:Packet has data pattern 0x4040!!!!!!!..!!!!!!!!!!!!!..!!!.!!!!..!!!!!..!!!...!!!!!!!!!...!!!!!!!!!!!



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

L o o p b a c k T e s ts

• U s e p in g s to te s t c o n n e c tiv ity , w h ile in lo o p b a c k m o d e• R e m e m b e r , s u c c e s s o f p in g s , d e p e n d s o n c o r r e c t c o n fig u r a tio n

H D L C: if K e e p a liv e is e n a b le , “ s h in t” = > u p , u p (lo o p e d )Y o u c a n th e n p in g y o u r s e lfF r a m e R e la y : if L M I is e x c h a n g e d w /s w itc h , th e n y o u s e e u p , u p if P V C-to -IP m a p p in g e x is ts , y o u c a n p in g y o u r s e lf

D S U CS U CS U D S U

D T ED T E

D CED CE

D T ED T E

D CED CE

T e lc o

L o c a l L o o p b a c k s(A ls o Ca lle d L in e a n d D T E L o o p b a c k )

R e m o te L o o p b a c k s(A ls o Ca lle d N e tw o r k L o o p b a c k )

D A CSD A CS D A CSD A CS


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Cis c o R o u te rCis c o R o u te r

CS U /D S U M o d u le

D T E In te r fa c e


D S U CS U

R o u te r (c o n fig -if) # lo o p b a c k lin eT 1 CS U /D S U L o o p b a c k L in eT 1 CS U /D S U L o o p b a c k L in e

T r o u b le s h o o tin g T o o lsL o o p b a c k s



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3





D S U CS U

T r o u b le s h o o tin g T o o lsL o o p b a c k s (Co n t.)

R o u te r (c o n fig -if) # lo o p b a c k lin e p a y lo a dT 1 CS U /D S U L o o p b a c k L in e P a y lo a dT 1 CS U /D S U L o o p b a c k L in e P a y lo a d


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3





D S U CS U


R o u te r (c o n fig -if) # lo o p b a c k d teT 1 CS U /D S U M o d u le D T E L o o pT 1 CS U /D S U M o d u le D T E L o o p

S e n d B lu e A la r m



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3


M a y R e q u ir e S e r v ic e -M o d u le T 1 R e m o te -L o o p b a c k S e t a t R e m o teM a y R e q u ir e S e r v ic e -M o d u le T 1 R e m o te -L o o p b a c k S e t a t R e m o te

R o u te r(c o n fig -if) # lo o p b a c k re m o te fu llo th e r ty p e lo o p s — p a y lo a d , s m a rt-ja c k

F a r E n d R e m o te L o o pF a r E n d R e m o te L o o p

D S U CS UCis c o R o u te rCis c o R o u te r




D S U CS U


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 : L o o p b a c k T y p e s

• L in e — a lo o p b a c k th a t c r o s s c o n n e c ts th e R X s ig n a l to th e T X s ig n a l w ith o u t c o r r e c tin g a n y L CV s o r fr a m in g e r r o r s in th e R X s ig n a l

• L in e p a y lo a d — a lo o p b a c k th a t r e fr a m e s th e r e c e iv e d T 1 d a ta b e fo r e tr a n s m ittin g it to th e s o u r c e ; n o t a p p lic a b le to T 1 S F lin k s



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 : A N S I T 1 .4 0 3 S F L o o p b a c k Co d e s

A c tio nA c tio n

L o o p A c tiv a te Co d eL o o p A c tiv a te Co d e

L o o p b a c k Co d eL o o p b a c k Co d e

0 0 0 0 1 a n d r e p e a t fo r a t le a s t fiv e s e c o n d s0 0 0 0 1 a n d r e p e a t fo r a t le a s t fiv e s e c o n d s

0 0 1 a n d r e p e a t fo r a t le a s t fiv e s e c o n d s0 0 1 a n d r e p e a t fo r a t le a s t fiv e s e c o n d sL o o p D e a c tiv a te Co d eL o o p D e a c tiv a te Co d e

• F o r S F fr a m in g :

L o o p b a c k c o d e s a r e s e n t in -b a n d ; i.e . “ in th e tim e s lo ts ,” a n d T 1 fr a m in g is m a in ta in e d


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 : A N S I T 1 .4 0 3 E S F L o o p b a c k Co d e s

A c tio nA c tio n

L o o p U p Co d eL o o p U p Co d e

L in e L o o pL in e L o o p P a y lo a d L o o pP a y lo a d L o o p

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1L o o p D o w n Co d eL o o p D o w n Co d e

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

N O T E : T h e R ig h t-M o s t B it Is S e n t F ir s tN O T E : T h e R ig h t-M o s t B it Is S e n t F ir s t

• F o r E S F fr a m in g :

L o o p b a c k c o d e s a r e s e n t in th e “ D L ” a .k .a “ F D L ” b its o f th e fr a m in g o v e r h e a d a n d T 1 fr a m in g is m a in ta in e d



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 1 : D B -1 5 a n d R J -4 5 L o o p b a c k P lu g s

• T o lo o p b a c k a D B -1 5 in te r fa c e , c o n n e c t p in 1 to p in 3 a n d c o n n e c t p in 9 to p in 1 1

• T o lo o p b a c k a R J -4 5 in te r fa c e , c o n n e c t p in 1 to p in 4 a n d c o n n e c t p in 2 to p in 5

D B 1 5 P inD B 1 5 P in R J 4 5 P INR J 4 5 P IN

1 5T X T ip (T 1 )

3 2R X T ip (T 1 )

99 44T X R in g (R 1 )T X R in g (R 1 )

1 11 1 11R X R in g (R )R X R in g (R )

S ig n a l N a m eS ig n a l N a m e


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 3 : “ s h o w c o n tr o lle r s s e r ia l”

Router#show controllers serial 1/1/0Serial1/1/0 -

Mx T3+(1) HW Revision 0x3, FW Revision 3.9Framing is c-bit, Clock Source is LineBandwidth limit is 44210, DSU mode 0, Cable length is 10rx FEBE since last clear counter 16094, since reset 0Data in current interval (565 seconds elapsed):0 Line Code Violations, 0 P-bit Coding Violation17850 C-bit Coding Violation0 P-bit Err Secs, 0 P-bit Sev Err Secs0 Sev Err Framing Secs, 7 Unavailable Secs70 Line Errored Secs, 70 C-bit Errored Secs, 70 C-bit Sev Err Secs

No alarms detected



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

T 3 : “ s h o w c o n tr o lle r ” F ie ld E x p la n a tio n s

• L in e Co d e V io la tio n s — to ta l c o u n t o f B P V s a n d e x c e s s iv e z e r o s c o n d itio n s

• P -b it Co d in g V io la tio n — to ta l c o u n t o f P -b it p a r ity e r r o r s w h e r e lo c a lly c a lc u la te d p a r ity d o e s n o t e q u a l P -b it p a r ity c o d e in r e c e iv e d M -fr a m e

• C-b it Co d in g V io la tio n — fo r C-b it fr a m in g , to ta l c o u n t o f CP -b it p a r ity e r r o r s

• P -b it E r r S e c s — to ta l s e c o n d s in w h ic h o n e o r m o r e P -b it c o d in g v io la tio n s , O O F c o n d itio n s o r r e c e iv e d A IS o c c u r r e d

• P -b it S e v E r r S e c s — to ta l s e c o n d s in w h ic h 4 4 o r m o r e P -b it c o d in g v io la tio n s , o n e o r m o r e O O F c o n d itio n s o r a r e c e iv e d A IS o c c u r r e d

• S e v E r r F r a m in g S e c s — to ta l s e c o n d s w ith o n e o r m o r e O O F c o n d itio n s o r r e c e iv e d A IS


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

M o r e T 3 “ s h o w c o n tr o lle r ” F ie ld E x p la n a tio n s

• U n a v a ila b le S e c s — to ta l n u m b e r o f s e c o n d s th e in te r fa c e h a s b e e n u n u s a b le ; u n a v a ila b le s e c o n d s a r e th o s e b e tw e e n th e tim e th e in te r fa c e e x p e r ie n c e s 1 0 “ P -b it s e v e r e ly e r r o r e d s e c o n d s ” a n d tim e it e x p e r ie n c e s 1 0 s e c o n d s w ith n o “ P -b it s e v e r e ly e r r o r e d s e c o n d s ” ; w h e n th e in te r fa c e is “ u n a v a ila b le ” n o o th e r in te r fa c e e r r o r c o u n te r s in c r e m e n t

• L in e E r r o r e d S e c s — to ta l s e c o n d s in w h ic h o n e o r m o r e c o d in g v io la tio n s o r L O S d e fe c ts o c c u r r e d

• C-b it E r r o r e d S e c s — to ta l s e c o n d s in w h ic h o n e o r m o r e C-b it c o d in g v io la tio n s , O O F c o n d itio n s o r r e c e iv e d A IS o c c u r r e d

• C-b it S e v E r r S e c s — to ta l s e c o n d s in w h ic h 4 4 o r m o r e C-b it c o d in g v io la tio n s , o n e o r m o r e O O F c o n d itio n s o r a r e c e iv e d A IS o c c u r r e d



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3



• H D L C

• P P P


• W A N A T M



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S O N E T : O v e r v ie w

• P a th L a y e r — R e s p o n s ib le fo r th e e n d -to -e n d c o m m u n ic a tio n o f th e p a y lo a d d a ta

• L in e L a y e r — R e s p o n s ib le fo r th e r e lia b le tr a n s m is s io n o f th e p a th la y e r s ig n a ls

• S e c tio n L a y e r — T r a n s p o r ts th e fr a m e d e le c tr ic a l s ig n a ls o v e r a n o p tic fib e r

S O N E T

L in e

P a th

A D MA D M A D MA D Mr e p e a te r

L in e L in e

S e c tio n S e c tio n S e c tio n S e c tio n S e c tio n



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S O N E T : A la r m In d ic a to r E x a m p le

S O N E T

R D I-L

R D I-P

A IS -P

A D MA D M

D o w n s tr e a m

A D MA D M


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3


Router1# show controller pos[snip]

POS6/0SECTIONLOF = 0 LOS = 0 BIP(B1) = 0

LINEAIS = 0 RDI = 0 FEBE = 0 BIP(B2) = 0

PATHAIS = 0 RDI = 0 FEBE = 0 BIP(B3) = 0PLM = 0 UNEQ = 0 LOP = 0 NEWPTR = 0 PSE = 0 NSE = 0

Active Defects: NoneActive Alarms: NoneAlarm reporting enabled for: SF SLOS SLOF B1-TCA B2-TCA PLOP B3-TCA



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3


• L O F -S O u t o f fr a m e , o c c u r s w h e n fo u r c o n s e c u tiv e fr a m e s a r e r e c e iv e dw ith in v a lid fr a m in g p a tte r n s (A 1 ,A 2 ); Co r r e c t p a tte r n is 0 x F 6 2 8

• L O S L o s s o f S ig n a l, o c c u r s w h e n th e s ig n a l le v e l d r o p s b e lo w th e th r e s h o ld a t w h ic h a B E R o f 1 in 1 0 0 0 is p r e d ic te d

• A IS A la r m in d ic a tio n s ig n a l (a ll o n e s ) s e n t d o w n s tr e a m to in d ic a te a n e r r o r c o n d itio n ; A ls o d e fin e d a s A IS -L in d ic a te s lin e A IS ; A IS -Pin d ic a te s P a th A IS

• R D I R e m o te D e fe c t In d ic a to r , s e n t to th e tr a n s m ittin g te r m in a tin g e q u ip m e n t w h e n d e te c tin g A IS , L O F o r L O S ; R D I-L L in e R e m o te D e fe c t In d ic a tio n ; R D I-P P a th R e m o te D e fe c t In d ic a to r (s e n t in b its 5 , 6 a n d 7 o f G 1 B y te ); S im ila r fu n c tio n a lity a s Y e llo w A la r m in D S 1 /D S 3

• R E I (F E B E ) R e m o te E r r o r In d ic a tio n , s e n t to th e tr a n s m ittin g s o u r c e in d ic a tin g th a t a b lo c k h a s b e e n r e c e iv e d in e r r o r ; R E I-L lin e r e m o te e r r o r in d ic a tio n (M 0 o r M 1 B y te ); R E I-P P a th R e m o te E r r o r In d ic a tio n (s e n t in b its 1 -4 o f G 1 B y te )


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3


• B IP (B 1 ) S e c tio n p a r ity c h e c k o f th e p r e v io u s fr a m e

• B IP (B 2 ) L in e p a r ity c h e c k o f th e p r e v io u s fr a m e ,in c lu d e s s e c tio n

• B IP (B 3 ) P a th p a r ity c h e c k o f th e p r e v io u s fr a m e in c lu d e s s e c tio n a n d lin e

• L O P L o s s o f p o in te r , o c c u r s w h e n c o n s e c u tiv e in v a lid p o in te r s a r e r e c e iv e d

• N E W P T R N e w p o in te r , in d ic a te s w h e n th e p o in te r is in c r e m e n te d o r d e c r e m e n te d b a s e d o n H 1 a n d H 2

• P S E P o s itiv e S tu ff E v e n t, o c c u r s w h e n th e in c o m in g in te r fa c e c lo c k is la g g in g b e h in d th e o u tg o in g in te r fa c e c lo c k (u n d e r flo w ); R e s u lts in s tu ffin g th e fir s t b y te a fte r H 3

• N S E N e g a tiv e S tu ff E v e n t, o c c u r s w h e n th e in c o m in g in te r fa c e c lo c k is fa s te r th a n th e o u tg o in g in te r fa c e (o v e r flo w ); R e s u lts in p a y lo a d b y te in s e r tio n in to H 3



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S O N E T : T im in g

Router1# show controller pos[snip]

POS6/0SECTIONLOF = 0 LOS = 0 BIP(B1) = 8501

LINEAIS = 0 RDI = 4 FEBE = 1225584230 BIP(B2) = 25748

PATHAIS = 0 RDI = 4 FEBE = 1890201 BIP(B3) = 8947PLM = 5 UNEQ = 0 LOP = 6 NEWPTR = 3260 PSE = 1101 NSE = 11

Active Defects: SD B1-TCA LRDI B2-TCA PRDI PLOP PPLM B3-TCA RDOOL Active Alarms: B1-TCA B2-TCA B3-TCA Alarm reporting enabled for: SF SLOS SLOF B1-TCA B2-TCA PLOP B3-TCA

• A D S 1 tr a n s p o r te d v ia S O N E T V T 1 .5 c a n s e r v e a s tim in g r e fe r e n c e if S O N E T tr a n s p o r t r in g h a s a s in g le tim in g s o u r c e


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S O N E T : T r o u b le s h o o tin g T ip s

E r r o r Co n d itio nE r r o r Co n d itio n Ch e c k F o rCh e c k F o r

S -L O S , S -L O F o r B 1S -L O S , S -L O F o r B 1 L in k P r o b le m sL in k P r o b le m s

L -A ISL -A IS L O S , L O F o n U p s tr e a m S T EL O S , L O F o n U p s tr e a m S T E

L -R D IL -R D I A IS o n D o w n s tr e a m L T EA IS o n D o w n s tr e a m L T E

B 2B 2 B 1 o n U p s tr e a m L T EB 1 o n U p s tr e a m L T E

P - A ISP - A IS L -A IS U p s tr e a mL -A IS U p s tr e a m

P -R D IP -R D I P - A IS o n D o w n s tr e a m P T EP - A IS o n D o w n s tr e a m P T E

B 3B 3 B 1 , B 2 o n U p s tr e a m S T E /L T EB 1 , B 2 o n U p s tr e a m S T E /L T E

L O P . N E W P T R , P S E , N S EL O P . N E W P T R , P S E , N S E T e lc o T im in g P r o b le m sT e lc o T im in g P r o b le m s



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S O N E T : A la r m H ie r a r c h y

L O S -SL O S -S P r io r it y 1 (H ig h e s t)P r io r ity 1 (H ig h e s t)

L O F -SL O F -S P r io r ity 2P r io r it y 2

A IS -LA IS -L P r io r ity 3P r io r it y 3

S FS F P r io r ity 4P r io r it y 4

R D I-LR D I-L P r io r ity 5P r io r it y 5

A IS -PA IS -P P r io r ity 6P r io r it y 6

L O P -PL O P -P P r io r ity 7P r io r it y 7

R D I-PR D I-P P r io r ity 8P r io r it y 8


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S e s s io n G o a l

• T r o u b le s h o o tin g p r o c e s s

Ch e c k y o u r p h y s ic a l la y e r fir s t

U s e y o u r s h o w c o m m a n d s

U s e y o u r d e b u g s



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3



• H D L C

• P P P


• W A N A T M



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Cis c o ’s H D L C

• Its p r o p r ie ta r y b e c a u s e :

It d o e s n o t p e r fo r m w in d o w in g o r r e tr a n s m is s io n

H ig h e r la y e r p r o to c o l id e n tific a tio n m e th o d is n o t s ta n d a r d iz e d

• Its fr a m e fo r m a t a n d b it s tu ffin g te c h n iq u e a r e p e r th e A N S I T 1 .6 1 8 s ta n d a r d



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

1 1 1 2 variable 2 1+----+----+----+--------+---------------------------------------+--------+----+|flag|addr|ctrl|protocol| data | FCS |flag||0x7E| |0x00| | | |0x7E|+----+----+----+--------+---------------------------------------+--------+----+

flag = start/end of frame = 0x7E(Other special characters: Idle = 0xFF, Abort = 0x7F)

address = this is really a frame type field0x0F = Unicast Frame0x80 = Broadcast Frame (used if upper layer packet is a broadcast)0x40 = Padded Frame0x20 = Compressed Frame

Protocol = the Ethernet type of the encapsulated data:TYPE_IP10MB 0x0800 IPTYPE_IEEE_SPANNING 0x4242 DSAP/SSAP for IEEE bridge spanning protocolTYPE_DECNET 0x6003 DECnet phase IVTYPE_BRIDGE 0x6558 Bridged Ethernet/802.3 packetTYPE_REVERSE_ARP 0x8035 cisco SLARPTYPE_DEC_SPANNING 0x8038 DEC bridge spanning tree protocolTYPE_ETHERTALK 0x809b Apple EtherTalkTYPE_AARP 0x80f3 Appletalk ARPTYPE_NOVELL1 0x8137 Novell IPXTYPE_CLNS 0xFEFE ISO CLNP/ISO ES-IS DSAP/SSAP

Cis c o ’s H D L C: F r a m e F o r m a t


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Cis c o ’s H D L C: B it S tu ffin g T e c h n iq u e

P o s s ib le D a ta P a tte r n : 01111110F la g : 01111110

S o T h e y A r e n o t Co n fu s e d , W e W ill B it S tu ff a fte r F iv e 1 ’s …

N e w D a ta P a tte r n : 011111010

S tu ffe d 0 R e m o v e d a t th e R e c e iv e r

S tu ffe d B itS tu ffe d B it



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Cis c o ’s H D L C:W h y Is L in e P r o to c o l D o w n ?

Cir c u it-S w itc h e d N e tw o r k

M y s e q = 2 , Y o u r s e e n = 1 0 1

M y s e q = 1 0 1M y s e q = 2

M y s e q = 1 0 2 , Y o u r s e e n = 21 0 s e c o n d s

1 0 S e c o n d sM y s e q = 3 , Y o u r s e e n = 1 0 2

M y s e q = 1 0 3 , Y o u r s e e n = 3

M in e s e e n = 2

M in e s e e n = 3

M in e s e e n = 1 0 2

M in e s e e n = 1 0 1

M y s e q = 4 , Y o u r s e e n = 1 0 3

M y s e q = 5 , Y o u r s e e n = 1 0 3

M y s e q = 6 , Y o u r s e e n = 1 0 3

M in e s e e n = 3

M in e s e e n = 3

M in e s e e n = 3

R o u te r A R o u te r B

L in e P r o to c o l D o w nL in e P r o to c o l D o w n


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S e r ia l1 : H D L C m y s e q 0 , m in e s e e n 0 , y o u r s e e n 1 0 0 , lin e u pS e r ia l1 : H D L C m y s e q 1 , m in e s e e n 1 , y o u r s e e n 1 0 1 , lin e u pS e r ia l1 : H D L C m y s e q 2 , m in e s e e n 2 , y o u r s e e n 1 0 2 , lin e u pS e r ia l1 : H D L C m y s e q 3 , m in e s e e n 3 , y o u r s e e n 1 0 3 , lin e u pS e r ia l1 : H D L C m y s e q 4 , m in e s e e n 3 , y o u r s e e n 1 0 3 , lin e u pS e r ia l1 : H D L C m y s e q 5 , m in e s e e n 3 , y o u r s e e n 1 0 3 , lin e u pS e r ia l1 : H D L C m y s e q 6 , m in e s e e n 3 , y o u r s e e n 1 0 3 , lin e d o w n

Cis c o ’s H D L C:D e b u g S e r ia l In te r fa c e

1 M is s e d K e e p a liv e1 M is s e d K e e p a liv e

3 M is s e d K e e p a liv e s s o L in e G o e s D o w n a n d In te r fa c e Is R e s e t3 M is s e d K e e p a liv e s s o L in e G o e s D o w n a n d In te r fa c e Is R e s e t

F r o m R o u te r A …



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

L in k T e s tin g w ith H D L C

• H D L C h a s n o s u c h p r o te c tio n o r a d d r e s s in g , s o lin e p r o to c o l w ill c o m e u p

• P P P n o t g o o d fo r lin k te s ts d u e to lo o p b a c k te s tin g (m a g ic n u m b e r )

• D u e to D L CI a d d r e s s in g , F r a m e R e la y a ls o n o t g o o d fo r lo o p b a c k te s tin g

• O n c e u p /u p , y o u c a n te s t w ith P IN G


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3



• H D L C

• P P P


• W A N A T M




A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Address*11111111

Control*00000011

Flag01111110

Protocol**(1-2 bytes)

Payload + padding(MRU=1500 default)

Checksum(FCS)

U I F r a m e W /p /f (B it 5 ) S e t to 0

A lw a y s 0 x F F

A lw a y s 0 x 7 E A lw a y s 0 x 7 E

Flag01111110

2 – 4 B y te sU n iq u e to P P PU n iq u e to P P P

P P P : F r a m e F o r m a t

• S ta n d a r d m e th o d fo r tr a n s p o r tin g m u lti-p r o to c o l d a ta g r a m s o v e r p o in t-to -p o in t lin k s

• M o d e le d a fte r H D L C fr a m e w /a d d itio n o f p r o to c o l fie ld• P P P fr a m e s iz e r a n g e s fr o m 1 0 b y te s to 4 b y te s (w h e n P F C a n d A CF C

c o m p r e s s io n a r e e n a b le d , a n d w /o e n d in g fla g )• E n d in g fla g o n ly n e e d e d o n s in g le fr a m e o r fin a l fr a m e o f a s e q u e n c e

* O m itte d w h e n A d d r e s s a n d Co n tr o l F ie ld Co m p r e s s io n (A CF C) Is U s e d* * O n ly 1 B y te w h e n P r o to c o l F ie ld Co m p r e s s io n (P F C) Is U s e d* O m itte d w h e n A d d r e s s a n d Co n tr o l F ie ld Co m p r e s s io n (A CF C) Is U s e d* * O n ly 1 B y te w h e n P r o to c o l F ie ld Co m p r e s s io n (P F C) Is U s e d


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P : P r o to c o ls (P r o to c o l F ie ld )

V a lu e (in h e x ):V a lu e (in h e x ):00010001

0003 to 001f0003 to 001f

007d007d

00cf00cf

00ff00ff

P r o to c o l N a m e :P r o to c o l N a m e :P a d d in g P r o to c o lP a d d in g P r o to c o l

8001 to 801f8001 to 801f

80318031

80fd80fd

c021c021

c023c023

c025c025

c029c029

c02bc02b

c02dc02d

c223c223

R e s e r v e d (T r a n s p a r e n c y In e ffic ie n t)R e s e r v e d (T r a n s p a r e n c y In e ffic ie n t)

R e s e r v e d (Co n tr o l E s c a p e )R e s e r v e d (Co n tr o l E s c a p e )

R e s e r v e d (P P P N L P ID )R e s e r v e d (P P P N L P ID )

R e s e r v e d (Co m p r e s s io n In e ffic ie n t)R e s e r v e d (Co m p r e s s io n In e ffic ie n t)

U n u s e d [R F C1 6 6 1 ]U n u s e d [R F C1 6 6 1 ]

B r id g in g N CPB r id g in g N CP

Co m p r e s s io n Co n tr o l P r o to c o l (CCP ) [R F C1 9 6 2 ]Co m p r e s s io n Co n tr o l P r o to c o l (CCP ) [R F C1 9 6 2 ]

L in k Co n tr o l P r o to c o lL in k Co n tr o l P r o to c o l

P a s s w o r d A u th e n tic a tio n P r o to c o lP a s s w o r d A u th e n tic a tio n P r o to c o l

L in k Q u a lity R e p o r tL in k Q u a lity R e p o r t

Ca llB a c k Co n tr o l P r o to c o l (CB CP )Ca llB a c k Co n tr o l P r o to c o l (CB CP )

B A CP B a n d w id th A llo c a tio n Co n tr o l P r o to c o l [R F C2 1 2 5 ]B A CP B a n d w id th A llo c a tio n Co n tr o l P r o to c o l [R F C2 1 2 5 ]

B A P [R F C2 1 2 5 ]B A P [R F C2 1 2 5 ]

Ch a lle n g e H a n d s h a k e A u th e n tic a tio n P r o to c o lCh a lle n g e H a n d s h a k e A u th e n tic a tio n P r o to c o l



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P : S im p lifie d P h a s e D ia g r a m

D e a dD e a d

N e tw o r kN e tw o r k

A u th e n tic a teA u th e n tic a teE s ta b lis hE s ta b lis h

T e r m in a teT e r m in a te

U p O p e n e dS u c c e s s o r N o n e (N o A u th e n tic a tio n U s e d )

D o w n

F a il

Clo s in g

F a il


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P : L CP (L in k Co n tr o l P r o to c o l)

• L CP : n e g o tia te lin k s p e c ific o p tio n s :Ca llb a c kM u ltilin k (M R R U ) -o r - n o n -m u ltilin k (M R U )A u th e n tic a tio n m e th o d : P A P /CH A P (o p tio n a l)M a g ic N u m b e r (L o o p b a c k d e te c tio n )P F C (P r o to c o l F ie ld Co m p r e s s io n )A CF C (A d d r e s s a n d Co n tr o l F ie ld Co m p r e s s io n )A CCM (A s y n c Co n tr o l Ch a r a c te r M a p )


E s t.E s t. A u th .A u th .D e a dD e a d

T e r m .T e r m . N e tw .N e tw .

O p e n



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P : L CP Co n fig u r a tio n O p tio n s

• U s e d to m o d ify th e d e fa u lt lin k c h a r a c te r is tic sCo m m o n L CP O p tio n s :

0 x 0 0 R E S E R V E D [R F C2 1 5 3 ]0 x 0 2 M a x im u m -R e c e iv e -U n it (a .k .a ., n o n -m u ltilin k )0 x 0 2 A CCM0 x 0 3 A u th e n tic a tio n -P r o to c o l0 x 0 4 Q u a lity -P r o to c o l0 x 0 5 M a g ic -N u m b e r0 x 0 7 P r o to c o l-F ie ld -Co m p r e s s io n0 x 0 8 A d d r e s s -a n d -Co n tr o l-F ie ld -Co m p r e s s io n0 x 0 D Ca llb a c k [R F C1 5 7 0 ]0 x 1 1 M u ltilin k -M R R U [R F C1 7 1 7 ]0 x 1 2 M u ltilin k -S h o r t-S e q u e n c e -N u m b e r -H e a d e r [R F C1 7 1 7 ]0 x 1 3 M u ltilin k -E n d p o in t-D is c r im in a to r [R F C1 7 1 7 ]



O p e n


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Co n fig u r e -R e qCo n fig u r e -R e q

Co n fig u r e -A CKCo n fig u r e -A CK

Co n fig u r e -R e qCo n fig u r e -R e q

Co n fig u r e -A CKCo n fig u r e -A CK

P P P : L CP N e g o tia tio n

• In r e a lity a ll P P P n e g o tia tio n s a r e d o u b le n e g o tia tio n s



O p e n



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P : S im p lifie d P h a s e D ia g r a m

D e a dD e a d





D o w n

F a il

Clo s in g

F a il


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P : A u th e n tic a tio n

• A u th e n tic a tio n fo llo w s L CP p h a s e

• A u th e n tic a tio n p r o to c o ls (L CP o p tio n 3 )

P A P (0 x C0 2 3 )*

CH A P (0 x C2 2 3 , A lg o r ith m 0 x 0 5 )*

* P r io r to Cis c o IO S V 1 1 .2 , T h e s e V a lu e s W e r e N o t D e c o d e d in P P P D e b u g s* P r io r to Cis c o IO S V 1 1 .2 , T h e s e V a lu e s W e r e N o t D e c o d e d in P P P D e b u g s



O p e n




A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

R e m o te R o u te r(S a n ta Cr u z )


Ce n tr a l-S ite R o u te r (H Q )


IO S Co n fig u r a tio n : H o s tn a m e : S a n ta c r u z P a s s w o r d : B o a r d w a lk

IO S Co n fig u r a tio n : H o s tn a m e : S a n ta c r u z P a s s w o r d : B o a r d w a lk

L o c a l D a ta b a s e : U s e r n a m e S a n ta c r u zP a s s w o r d B o a r d w a lk


2 -W a y H a n d s h a k e

“ S a n ta Cr u z , B o a r d w a lk ”“ S a n ta Cr u z , B o a r d w a lk ”

P P P : P A P A u th e n tic a tio n P r o to c o l

• P a s s w o r d s s e n t in c le a r te x t

• P e e r (c lie n t) in c o n tr o l o f a tte m p ts

• P e r fo r m e d o n ly o n c e p e r s e s s io n

A c c e p t/R e je c tA c c e p t/R e je c t



O p e n


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

R e s p o n s e W /M D 5 H a s hR e s p o n s e W /M D 5 H a s h

P P P :CH A P A u th e n tic a tio n P r o to c o l

• P a s s w o r d n e v e r s e n t a c r o s s w ir e

• Ch a lle n g e r in c o n tr o l o f a tte m p ts

• A u th e n tic a te m u ltip le tim e s p e r c o n n e c tio n

Ch a lle n g e W /k e yCh a lle n g e W /k e y

3 -W a y H a n d s h a k eR e m o te R o u te r(S a n ta Cr u z )




IO S Co n fig u r a tio n : H o s tn a m e : S a n ta c r u zL o c a l D a ta b a s eU s e r n a m e S a n ta c r u z P a s s w o r d : B o a r d w a lk

IO S Co n fig u r a tio n : H o s tn a m e : S a n ta c r u zL o c a l D a ta b a s eU s e r n a m e S a n ta c r u z P a s s w o r d : B o a r d w a lk



A c c e p t/R e je c tA c c e p t/R e je c t



O p e n



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

S im p lifie d P P P P h a s e D ia g r a m

S u c c e s s o r N o n e (N o A u th e n tic a tio n U s e d )

D e a dD e a d





D o w n

F a il

Clo s in g

F a il


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P : N e tw o r k Co n tr o l P r o to c o l

• N e g o tia te w h ic h L a y e r 3 P r o to c o l(s ) to u s e :F o r IP : IP CP

F o r IP X : IP X CP

F o r A p p le T a lk : A T CP

F o r B r id g in g : B r id g e CP

• E a c h o f th e a b o v e h a v e p r o to c o l-s p e c ific o p tio n s th a t m u s t b e n e g o tia te d (p r o to c o l a d d r e s s , e tc .)

D ia l-u p o rCir c u it-S w itc h e d

N e tw o r k





A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P V e r ific a tio n

2621#show interface serial0/0Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is PQUICC with Fractional T1 CSU/DSUInternet address is 10.1.3.1/29MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,

reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255Encapsulation PPP, loopback not setKeepalive set (10 sec)LCP OpenOpen: IPCP, CDPCPLast input 00:00:21, output 00:00:01, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters 20:36:48Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0Queuing strategy: weighted fairOutput queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)

Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

32146 packets input, 1616707 bytes, 0 no bufferReceived 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles302 input errors, 44 CRC, 258 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort32173 packets output, 1616197 bytes, 0 underruns0 output errors, 0 collisions, 4 interface resets0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out2 carrier transitionsDCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up

P P P Is Co n fig u r e d

P P P Is Co n fig u r e d

S h o w s th e Co n fig u r e d N e tw o r k P r o to c o ls

S h o w s th e Co n fig u r e d N e tw o r k P r o to c o ls


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P : T r o u b le s h o o tin g

• D e b u g p p p n e g o tia tio n

• D e b u g p p p a u th e n tic a tio n

• D e b u g p p p m u ltilin k e v e n ts

• S e r v ic e tim e s ta m p s d e b u g d a te m s e c

• S e r v ic e tim e s ta m p s lo g d a te m s e c



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P P P : T h in g s to L o o k fo r inP P P D e b u g s

• L CP : s ta te is o p e nL CP n e g o tia tio n w a s s u c c e s s fu l

If n o t, th e n lo o k fo r o p tio n s th a t fa ile d d u r in g L CP n e g o tia tio n b y o b s e r v in g th e CO N F R E Q , CO N F R E J , CO N F A CK , a n d CO N F N A CK a c tiv ity

• A u th e n tic a tio n : P A P o r CH A PCh e c k fo r u s e r n a m e , p a s s w o r d s , e tc .

• N CP : IP CP , IP X CP , A T CP s ta te is o p e nM e a n s N CP n e g o tia tio n w a s s u c c e s s fu l

If n o t, th e n m o n ito r N CP n e g o tia tio n b y o b s e r v in g th e CO N F R E Q , CO N F R E J , CO N F A CK , a n d CO N F N A CK a c tiv ity

S u c c e s s(o r N o n e )

(o p e n )



O p e n






A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

D e b u g P P P N e g o tia tio n

• N o tic e th e tw o -w a y h a n d s h a k in g

0x0304C023^ ^ ^ | | || | Value = C023 = PAP| Length = 4 OctetsType = Authentication Method

(RFC 1172)

0x05061F7A2545^ ^ ^ | | || | Value = 0x1F7A2545| Length = 6 OctetsType = Magic Number

May 1 15:02:57.763: Se8/0 LCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 135 len 14May 1 15:02:57.763: Se8/0 LCP: AuthProto PAP (0x0304C023)May 1 15:02:57.763: Se8/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x1F7A2545 (0x05061F7A2545)May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 108 len 14May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: AuthProto PAP (0x0304C023)May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x1F7A2A52 (0x05061F7A2A52)May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 108 len 14May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: AuthProto PAP (0x0304C023)May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x1F7A2A52 (0x05061F7A2A52)May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 135 len 14May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: AuthProto PAP (0x0304C023)May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x1F7A2545 (0x05061F7A2545)May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 LCP: State is Open



O p e n



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3



May 1 15:02:57.783: Se8/0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by both [0 sess, 1 load]May 1 15:02:57.803: Se8/0 PAP: O AUTH-REQ id 11 len 18 from "router1"May 1 15:02:57.835: Se8/0 PAP: I AUTH-REQ id 11 len 18 from "router2"May 1 15:02:57.847: Se8/0 PAP: Authenticating peer router2May 1 15:02:57.847: Se8/0 PAP: O AUTH-ACK id 11 len 5May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 PAP: I AUTH-ACK id 11 len 5May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 PPP: Phase is UP [0 sess, 2 load]



O p e n


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3



May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 17 len 10May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 IPCP: Address 10.1.1.1 (0x03060A010101)May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 CDPCP: O CONFREQ [Closed] id 17 len 4May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 IPCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 17 len 10May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 IPCP: Address 10.1.1.2 (0x03060A010102)May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 IPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 17 len 10May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 IPCP: Address 10.1.1.2 (0x03060A010102)May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 CDPCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 18 len 4May 1 15:02:57.863: Se8/0 CDPCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 18 len 4May 1 15:02:57.875: Se8/0 IPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 17 len 10May 1 15:02:57.875: Se8/0 IPCP: Address 10.1.1.1 (0x03060A010101)May 1 15:02:57.875: Se8/0 IPCP: State is OpenMay 1 15:02:57.875: Se8/0 CDPCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 17 len 4May 1 15:02:57.875: Se8/0 CDPCP: State is OpenMay 1 15:02:57.983: Se8/0 IPCP: Install route to 10.1.1.2

!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^! /32 Route

0x03060A010101^ ^ ^ | | || | Value = 0x0A010101 = 10.1.1.1| Length = 6 OctetsType = IP Address (RFC 1332)





A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3



• H D L C

• P P P


• W A N A T M



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F r a m e R e la y O v e r v ie w

F r a m e R e la y

Clo u d

D a ta

L M I L M I U n i U s e r -S id eS ta tu s E n q u ir y S ta tu s E n q u ir y

S ta tu s S ta tu s1 0 S e c o n d s 1 0 S e c o n d s

S ta tu s E n q u ir yS ta tu s

S ta tu s E n q u ir yS ta tu s

E v e r y S ix th S ta tu s E n q u ir y

F u ll S ta tu s E n q u ir yF u ll S ta tu s

F u ll S ta tu s E n q u ir yF u ll S ta tu s

E v e r y S ix th S ta tu s E n q u ir y

Cis c o L M I D L CI = 1 0 2 3 , A N S I a n d IT U -T (q 9 3 3 a ) L M I D L CI = 0

U n i U s e r -S id e U n i N e tw o r k -S id e U n i N e tw o r k -S id e



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

N L P ID P r o to c o l0 x 0 8 Q .9 3 30 x 8 0 S N A P0 x 8 1 IS O CL N P0 x CC In te r n e t IP0 x B 1 F R F .1 2

F r a m e R e la y P a c k e t

B its 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

C/R E A = 0

F E CN D E E A = 1

F la g (0 x 7 E )

Q .9 2 2 H e a d e r

D L CI (H ig h O r d e r )

D L CI (L o w O r d e r )

Co n tr o l (0 x 0 3 )

F CS (2 B y te s )

D a ta (V a r ia b le L e n g th )

N L P ID (1 B y te )

B E CN

O U I0 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 r o u te d0 x 0 0 8 0 C2 b r id g e d

P IDE th e r ty p eW ith P r e s e r v e d F CS0 x 0 0 0 10 x 0 0 0 20 x 0 0 0 30 x 0 0 0 4

W /O F CS0 x 0 0 0 70 x 0 0 0 80 x 0 0 0 90 x 0 0 0 A0 x 0 0 0 D0 x 0 0 0 E0 x 0 0 0 F

S N A P F o r m a t - 3 B y te O U I a n d 2 B y te P ID

M e d ia8 0 2 .3 /E th e r n e t8 0 2 .48 0 2 .5F D D IF r a g m e n tsB P D U ’sS o u r c e -r o u tin g B P D U ’s

N O T E : Cis c o E n c a p U s e s 2 B y te E th e r ty p e In s te a d o f th e Co n tr o l a n d N L P ID B y te s

N O T E : Cis c o E n c a p U s e s 2 B y te E th e r ty p e In s te a d o f th e Co n tr o l a n d N L P ID B y te s


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F r a m e R e la y : T e r m s

• D L CI— D a ta L in k Co n n e c tio n Id e n tifie r1 0 b it a d d r e s s fo r a F r a m e R e la y c o n n e c tio n ; it o n ly h a s lo c a l s ig n ific a n c e ; D L CI’s 1 6 -1 0 0 7 a r e d e fin a b le o n Cis c o r o u te r s

• F E CN — F o r w a r d E x p lic it Co n g e s tio n N o tific a tio nT h is b it m a y b e flip p e d b y n o d e s in th e c lo u d w h e n it e x p e r ie n c e s c o n g e s tio n in its p a th to th e d e s tin a tio n r e m o te F R A D

• B E CN — B a c k w a r d E x p lic it Co n g e s tio n N o tific a tio nT h is b it m a y b e flip p e d b y n o d e s in th e c lo u d w h e n p a c k e ts in th e o p p o s ite d ir e c tio n o f th is p a c k e t e x p e r ie n c e c o n g e s tio n

• D E — D is c a r d E lig ib leT h is b it m a y b e flip p e d b y n o d e s in th e c lo u d to in d ic a te th a t p a c k e t e x c e e d e d th e r a te th e c a r r ie r h a s c o m m itte d to tr a n s p o r t; p a c k e ts w ith th e D E b it s e t m a y b e in te n tio n a lly d r o p p e d b y F r a m e R e la y n o d e s in th e fa c e o f c o n g e s tio n



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F r a m e R e la y : L M I

• S u p p o r te d o n b o th U N I a n d N N I in te r fa c e s

• U N I L M I is d e fin e d in th r e e d iffe r e n t s ta n d a r d s :

Co n s o r tiu m L M I (F r a m e R e la y lm i-ty p e c is c o )

A N S I T 1 .6 1 7 A n n e x D L M I (F r a m e R e la y lm i-ty p e a n s i)

IT U -T Q .9 3 3 A n n e x A L M I (F r a m e R e la y lm i-ty p e q 9 3 3 a )

• L M I h a s a Q .9 3 1 h e a d e r d ir e c tly a fte r th e 2 b y te h e a d e r a n d 1 b y te c o n tr o l (0 x 0 3 )

• F u ll S ta tu s U p d a te in c lu d e s a ll th e D L CI’s a n d th e ir s ta tu s (i.e . A CT IV E , IN A CT IV E ,D E L E T E D , e tc .)


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F r a m e R e la y : In te r fa c e T y p e s

• M u ltip o in tD e fa u ltR e q u ir e D L CI to IP m a p p in g

s ta tic = “ fr a m e r e la y m a p ”d y n a m ic = in v e r s e a r p (d e fa u lt)

Ca n c o n fig u r e m u ltip le D L CI’s

• P o in t to P o in tO n ly o n e D L CI p e r in te r fa c eN o “ m a p ” o r in v e r s e a r p n e e d e d

• M u ltip o in t c a n b e P o in t to P o in t w ith S u b -In te r fa c e s



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Router#debug frame packetRouter#ping 10.5.5.5

Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:*Mar 6 15:33:17.294: Serial0/0.102:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP)*Mar 6 15:33:17.858: Serial0/0.102(o): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt encaps 0x0300

0x8000 0x0000 0x806 (ARP), datagramsize 34*Mar 6 15:33:17.858: FR: Sending INARP Request on interface Serial0/0.102

dlci 102 for link 7(IP)*Mar 6 15:33:17.950: broadcast dequeue*Mar 6 15:33:17.950: Serial0/0.102(o):Pkt sent on dlci 102(0x1861),

pkt encaps 0x300 0x8000 0x0 0x806 (ARP), datagramsize 34*Mar 6 15:33:17.962: Serial0/0.102: frame relay INARP received.

Router#show frame mapSerial0/0.102 (up): ip 10.5.5.4 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic,

broadcast,CISCO, status defined, active

Serial0/0.102 (up): ip 10.5.5.5 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,broadcast,, status defined, active

F r a m e R e la y : D e b u g g in g

• M a k e s u r e “ b r o a d c a s t” k e y w o r d is o n e n d o f m a p s ta te m e n t s o r o u tin g u p d a te s (a n d o th e r b r o a d c a s t p a c k e ts ) w ill p a s s


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F r a m e R e la y : D e b u g g in g L M I

Router# debug frame-relay lmi*Mar 6 17:46:50.797: Serial0/0(in): Status, myseq 137*Mar 6 17:46:50.797: RT IE 1, length 1, type 1*Mar 6 17:46:50.797: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 137, myseq 137*Mar 6 17:47:00.789: Serial0/0(out): StEnq, myseq 138, yourseen 137, DTE up*Mar 6 17:47:00.789: datagramstart = 0x1BE69F4, datagramsize = 13*Mar 6 17:47:00.789: FR encap = 0xFCF10309*Mar 6 17:47:00.789: 00 75 01 01 00 03 02 8A 89 *Mar 6 17:47:00.789: *Mar 6 17:47:00.801: Serial0/0(in): Status, myseq 138*Mar 6 17:47:00.801: RT IE 1, length 1, type 0*Mar 6 17:47:00.801: KA IE 3, length 2, yourseq 138, myseq 138*Mar 6 17:47:00.801: PVC IE 0x7 , length 0x6 , dlci 100, status 0x2 , bw 0*Mar 6 17:47:00.801: PVC IE 0x7 , length 0x6 , dlci 101, status 0x2 , bw 0*Mar 6 17:47:00.801: PVC IE 0x7 , length 0x6 , dlci 102, status 0x2 , bw 0

0 x 0 is a d d e d /in a c tiv e 0 x 4 is d e le te d 0 x a is n e w /a c tiv e0 x 2 is a d d e d /a c tiv e 0 x 8 is n e w /in a c tiv e



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F r a m e R e la y : S h o w F r a m e R e la y P V C

• If D L CI is c o n fig u r e d o n th e r o u te r th e n U S A G E = L O CA L

• If D L CI is n o t c o n fig u r e d o n th e r o u te r b u t s w itc h is r e p o r tin g th e D L CI, th e n U S A G E = U N U S E D

• If k e e p a liv e s a r e d is a b le d , th e n S T A T U S = S T A T IC

• If D L CI is d e fin e d o n th e r o u te r b u t n o t s w itc h , th e n S T A T U S = D E L E T E D

• If D L CI is d e fin e d o n s w itc h b u t th e p v c is n o t u p (i.e . n e tw o r k fa ilu r e ), th e n S T A T U S = IN A CT IV E

• If D L CI is d e fin e d o n th e s w itc h a n d is e n a b le d , th e n S T A T U S = A CT IV E

Router#show Frame Relay pvc 100PVC Statistics for interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0/0.100

input pkts 19962 output pkts 25727 in bytes 297929 out bytes 2120032 dropped pkts 42 in FECN pkts 0 in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0 in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0 out bcast pkts 5775 out bcast bytes 1778682 pvc create time 4d00h, last time pvc status changed 20:02:22


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

W h y U s e F r a m e R e la y T r a ffic S h a p in g ?

T im e (S e c o n d s ) 1

M a x B e

Kilo

byt

es S

ent

B c “ D E ” D o m a in“ D E ” D o m a in

CIRCIRM IR

(Lin

e R a t

e )



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

W h a t W e ’r e T r y in g to A v o id

F r a m e R e la y

Clo u d

Router#show Frame Relay pvc 401PVC Statistics for interface Serial1/0:0 (Frame Relay DTE)

DLCI = 401, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0:0.401

input pkts 3420 output pkts 50150 in bytes 4974630out bytes 75255200 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 737in BECN pkts 275 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0in DE pkts 91 out DE pkts 0out bcast pkts 150 out bcast bytes 55200pvc create time 02:28:23, last time pvc status changed 02:26:45

D a ta w ith Co n g e s tio nD a ta w ith Co n g e s tio n

F E CN s (in Co n g e s te d F r a m e s )F E CN s (in Co n g e s te d F r a m e s )B E CN sB E CN s

R o u te r A R o u te r B


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F r a m e R e la y T r a ffic S h a p in g F a c ts

• F r a m e R e la y T r a ffic S h a p in g (F R T S ) ta k e s th e F r a m e R e la y h e a d e r a n d e n c a p s u la tio n in to a c c o u n t

• T h e d e fa u lt v a lu e fo r “ m in c ir ” is CIR /2

• F R T S w ill a c tiv a te w ith o u t in p u t B E CN s if th e in s ta n ta n e o u s b it r a te e x c e e d s c o n fig u r e d CIR



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

M o r e F R T S F a c ts

• F R T S w o r k s o n a to k e n -b u c k e t a lg o r ith m

• E x c e s s b u r s t b its (B e ) a b o v e c o m m itte d b u r s t b its (B c ) a r e o n ly s e n t in th e 1 s t F R T S in te r v a l (T c ) a fte r a q u ie t p e r io d

• A s s u c h , c o n fig u r e

CIR = (P u r c h a s e d CIR ) + E IR

M in CIR = (P u r c h a s e d CIR )

B c = B c + B e

B e = 0


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Co n fig u r in g F R T S

• E x a m p le c o n fig u r a tio n :interface Serial1/0:0

encapsulation Frame Relay

Frame Relay traffic-shaping

!

interface Serial1/0:0.401 point-to-point

Frame Relay class 64k

Frame Relay interface-dlci 401

!

map-class Frame Relay 64k

Frame Relay cir 64000 ! CIR = 64k

Frame Relay bc 8000 ! BC = CIR / 8

Frame Relay be 0

Frame Relay mincir 32000 ! minCIR = CIR / 2

Frame Relay adaptive-shaping becn



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

R o u te r 1 A T M S w itc h 1

A T MA T M

A T M S w itc h 2 R o u te r 2

S e r ia l 5 /0 :1 S e r ia l 4 /0 /0 :1 A T M 0 /1 /1

E 1 O C-3 O C-3 E 1

A T M 0 /1 /1 S e r ia l 4 /1 /0 .1 S e r ia l 4 /1 /0 .1

F r a m e — A T M In te r w o r k in g F R F .5

• T h e F r a m e R e la y (F R ) to A T M n e tw o r k in te r w o r k in g fu n c tio n a llo w s F R tr a ffic to b e tr a n s p o r te d th r o u g h a n A T M n e tw o r k ; F R F .5 e n a b le s tw o F R e n d s ta tio n s to c o m m u n ic a te w ith e a c h o th e r th r o u g h a n A T M n e tw o r k


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F r a m e — A T M In te r w o r k in g F R F .8

R o u te r 1(F r a m e R e la y )

A T M S w itc h R o u te r 2(A T M )

S e r ia l 5 /0 :3 0

T 1 D S -3 D S -3

A T M 2 /0 .1 2 3

• T h e F r a m e R e la y to A T M s e r v ic e in te r w o r k in g fu n c tio n a llo w s c o m m u n ic a tio n b e tw e e n a F R e n d u s e r a n d a n A T M e n d u s e r ; it is b a s e d o n th e F r a m e R e la y F o r u m (F R F .8 ) im p le m e n ta tio n a g r e e m e n t.

A T MA T M

F R R o u te rF R R o u te rFR IEFTFR IEFT

FR IETFFR IETF

IW S w itc hIW S w itc hS IW -X (tr a n s la tio n a l)S IW -X (tr a n s la tio n a l)

S IW -T (tr a n s p a r e n t)S IW -T (tr a n s p a r e n t)

A T M R o u te rA T M R o u te rA a l5 s n a p R F C2 6 8 4 /1 4 8 3A a l5 s n a p R F C2 6 8 4 /1 4 8 3

A a l5 n lp id R F C2 4 2 7 /1 4 9 0A a l5 n lp id R F C2 4 2 7 /1 4 9 0



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F r a m e — A T M In te r w o r k in g T r o u b le s h o o tin g

• U s e th e s a m e d e b u g to o ls w ith A T M -F R in te r w o r k in g a s y o u w o u ld u s e w ith a F r a m e R e la y c o n n e c tio n o r a n A T M c o n n e c tio n

• W h e n in d o u b t, a lw a y s u s e IE T F e n c a p s u la tio n o n th e F r a m e R e la y s id e

• F R F .8 a llo w s fo r O A M c e lls to b e tr a n s la te d to L M I s ta tu s u p d a te s ; th e r e fo r e , th e fo llo w in g s e c tio n s o n O A M m a n a g e m e n t s h o u ld b e c o n s id e r e d fo r m a n a g in g A T M -F R c o n n e c tio n s a s w e ll


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3



• H D L C

• P P P


• W A N A T M




A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M T o p ic s

• U n d e r s ta n d A T M E n c a p s u la tio n

• T r a ffic S h a p in g v s . P o lic in g

• O A M

• IM A


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

U n d e r s ta n d in g A T M E n c a p s u la tio n

A T M A d a p ta tio n L a y e r s : A A L 5 (R F C1 4 8 3 / R F C2 6 8 4 )

A A L 5 Is th e P r im a r y A A L fo r D a ta a n d S u p p o r ts B o th Co n n e c tio n -O r ie n te d a n d Co n n e c tio n le s s D a ta

D a ta

F ir s t S te p (Co n v e r g e n c e S u b la y e r )

D a ta P A DP A D CR C

S e c o n d S te p (S A R )

T h ir d S te p (A d d in g H e a d e r )

4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t5 B y te H e a d e r5 B y te H e a d e r

4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t

T r a ile r

4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t 4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : W h a t’s a n A T M CR C E r r o r ?

• A A L 5 CR C is c a lc u la te d o v e r e n tir e fr a m e

• A A L 5 F r a m e c o n s is ts o f m u ltip le c e lls

• R e a s o n s fo r CR C e r r o r s …1 . Ce ll L o s s — c o m m o n ly d u e to c lo u d p o lic in g

2 . Ce ll Co r r u p tio n — la y e r 1 is s u e s

3 . F a u lty A T M In te r fa c e — h a r d w a r e p r o b le m

D a ta P A DP A D CR C

4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t

T r a ile r

4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t 4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t4 8 B y te F r a g m e n t

It’s th e CR C fr o m th e A A L 5 F r a m e !!! H E R E !H E R E !


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : F in d in g CR C E r r o r s

• U s e th e c o m m a n d : show interfaces atm slot/port

to id e n tify th e p r e s e n c e o f CR C e r r o r s o n a n A T M in te r fa c e



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : CR C E x a m p le

Router#show interfaces atm 4/0

ATM4/0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is cxBus ATM

Internet address is 131.108.97.165, subnet mask is 255.255.255.0

MTU 4470 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

ATM E164 Auto Conversion Interface

Encapsulation ATM, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

Encapsulation(s): AAL5, PVC mode

256 TX buffers, 256 RX buffers, 1024 Maximum VCs, 1 Current VCs

Signaling vc = 1, vpi = 0, vci = 5

ATM NSAP address: BC.CDEF.01.234567.890A.BCDE.F012.3456.7890.1234.13

Last input 0:00:05, output 0:00:05, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

Five minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

144 packets input, 31480 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants

13 input errors, 12 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort

154 packets output, 4228 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets, 0 restarts


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M T r a ffic S h a p in g a n d P o lic in g

RX

TX RX

TX A T MClo u d

R o u te r

T r a ffic S h a p in gT a k e s P la c e

A T MS w itc h

RX

TX RX

TX A T MClo u d

R o u te r

P o lic in gT a k e s P la c e

A T MS w itc h



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : A r e W e E x c e e d in g P CR /S CR

• P in g in g w ith la r g e p a c k e tsRouter#ping Protocol [ip]: Target IP address: 10.2.1.2 Repeat count [5]: 100 Datagram size [100]: 1500Timeout in seconds [2]: Extended commands [n]: Sweep range of sizes [n]: Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 100, 1500-byte ICMP Echos to 10.2.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!!! .!!.!!!.!!.!!!.!!.!

• W o r k w ith A T M p r o v id e r to c o m p a r e V CS e ttin g s (P CR , S CR , CD V T )


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3


• s h o w in te r fa c e a tm c o m m a n d ; th e tr a ffic s h a p e r s h o u ld s ta r t d r o p p in g p a c k e ts w h e n th e a v e r a g e tr a ffic v o lu m e r e a c h e s S CR

Router#show interfaces atm 4/0

ATM4/0 is up, line protocol is up

[snip]

Last input 0:00:05, output 0:00:05, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:00:05

Output queue 0/40, 727 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

Five minute output rate 5025 bits/sec, 1105 packets/sec

144 packets input, 31480 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants

13 input errors, 12 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort

154 packets output, 4228 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets, 0 restarts



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Router#show atm pvc test

ATM2/IMA0.294: VCD: 5, VPI: 7, VCI: 192, Connection Name: test

VBR-NRT, PeakRate: 500, Average Rate: 500, Burst Cells: 100

AAL5-LLC/SNAP, etype:0x0, Flags: 0x20, VCmode: 0x0

*****snipped OAM*****

InARP frequency: 15 minutes(s)

Transmit priority 2

InPkts: 0, OutPkts: 5, InBytes: 0, OutBytes: 500

InPRoc: 0, OutPRoc: 6

InFast: 0, OutFast: 0, InAS: 0, OutAS: 0

InPktDrops: 0, OutPktDrops: 727

CrcErrors: 0, SarTimeOuts: 0, OverSizedSDUs: 0

*****snipped OAM*****

Status: UP


• O n ly a v a ila b le , p e r V C, o n th e P A - A 3 a n d o n Cis c o 2 6 0 0 a n d 3 6 0 0 r o u te r s (D S 3 , E 3 , O C3 a n d IM A in te r fa c e s )


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : R o u te r v s . S w itc h Im p le m e n ta tio n

• R a te s c o u n te d in B its p e r s e c o n d (b p s )

• T h e P CR a n d S CR b p s v a lu e s c o u n t th e b its o f th e e n tir e c e ll

• R a te s c o u n te d in B its p e r s e c o n d (b p s )

• T h e P CR a n d S CR b p s v a lu e s c o u n t th e b its o f th e e n tir e c e ll

• R a te c o u n te d in Ce lls p e r s e c o n d (c p s )

• P CR a n d S CR a s s ig n e d in CP S

• R a te c o u n te d in Ce lls p e r s e c o n d (c p s )

• P CR a n d S CR a s s ig n e d in CP S

R o u te rR o u te r Cis c o A T M S w itc hCis c o A T M S w itc h

E x a m p le :W a n t S CR [in b p s ] R a te o f D a ta

Co n fig u r e th e r o u te r to :S CR [in b p s ] * 5 3 / 4 8 b p sCo n fig u r e th e r o u te r to :

S CR [in b p s ] * 5 3 / 4 8 b p sCo n fig u r e th e s w itc h to :

r o u n d u p [S CR [in b p s ] / (8 * 4 8 )] CP SCo n fig u r e th e s w itc h to :

r o u n d u p [S CR [in b p s ] / (8 * 4 8 )] CP S



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : V e r ify in g th e L o c a l In te r fa c e

• P la c e a p h y s ic a l lo o p b a c k o n th e in te r fa c e a n d p in g y o u r o w n IP a d d r e s s

• Cre a te a s o ft lo o p b a c k w ith th e lo o p b a c k d ia g n o s tic a n d a tm c lo c k in te r n a l c o m m a n d s o n th e m a in A T M in te r fa c e

• If lo o p b a c k s fa il, tr y o th e r p o r ts o n th e s a m e c a r d

• If c a r d lo o k s s u s p e c t, m o v e it to a n o th e r s lo t in th e c h a s s is a n d r e te s t


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : O A M Ce lls

• In o r d e r to d e te c t a fa ilu r e a lo n g th e P V C p a th o n a n e n d -d e v ic e , O A M u s e s s p e c ific c e lls :

L o o p b a c k c e lls

Co n tin u ity Ch e c k (CC) c e lls

A la r m In d ic a tio n S ig n a l (A IS ) c e lls

R D I c e lls (R e m o te D e te c tio n In d ic a tio n )



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : L o o p b a c k Ce lls

• T w o ty p e s (fo r b o th P V P a n d P V C)S e g m e n t

E n d -to -E n d

S e g m e n tS e g m e n t

E n d -to -E n dE n d -to -E n d

S e g m e n tS e g m e n t

• W ith o u t O A M m a n a g e m e n t, a P V C w o u ld r e m a in u p u p o n c o m m u n ic a tio n p r o b le m s , a n d r o u tin g e n tr ie s p o in tin g to th a t P V C w o u ld r e m a in in th e R T


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

F 5 O A M Ce lls A r e U s e d fo r M o n ito r in g V CCs ; th e F 5 O A MCe ll P r o v id e s a V C-L e v e l L o o p b a c k :

P T I = 1 0 0 S e g m e n t O A M F 5 Ce llP T I = 1 0 1 E n d -to -E n d O A M F 5 Ce ll

A T M : O A M F 4 a n d F 5 F lo w s

F 4 O A M Ce lls A r e U s e d fo r M o n ito r in g V P Cs :

P r e a s s ig n e d V CI: V CI = 3 fo r S e g m e n t O A MV CI = 4 fo r E n d -to -E n d O A M

V P I: V P I = S a m e a s th e O n e B e in g Ch e c k e d



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : O A M Ce ll F o r m a t (F 4 -V P C)

CRC 10VPICLP

VCI PTFunctionType

OAMType

HEC Function SpecificFields

GFC

A T M Ce ll H e a d e r A T M Ce ll P a y lo a d

V CI = 3 (S e g m e n t)V CI = 4 (E n d -to -E n d )

0 0 0 1 F a u lt M a n a g e m e n t0 0 1 0 P e r fo r m a n c e M a n a g e m e n t1 0 0 0 A c tiv a tio n /D e a c tiv a tio n

0 0 0 0 A IS0 0 0 1 F E R F0 0 1 0 L o o p b a c k

S a m e a s U s e r Ce ll


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : O A M Ce ll F o r m a t (F 5 -V CC)

CRC 10VPICLP

VCI PTFunctionType

OAMType

HEC Function SpecificFields

GFC

A T M Ce ll H e a d e r A T M Ce ll P a y lo a d

P T = 1 0 0 (S e g m e n t)P T = 1 0 1 (E n d -to -E n d )

0 0 0 1 F a u lt M a n a g e m e n t0 0 1 0 P e r fo r m a n c e M a n a g e m e n t1 0 0 0 A c tiv a tio n /D e a c tiv a tio n

0 0 0 0 A IS0 0 0 1 F E R F0 0 1 0 L o o p b a c k

S a m e a s U s e r Ce ll



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

R x T x

T x R x

O A M R D IO A M R D I

O A M A ISO A M A IS

A T M : A IS /R D I Ce lls (D ia g r a m )

• U p o n d e te c tio n o f a fa ilu r e , a d e v ic e c o n fig u r e d fo r O A M s e n d s A IS fr a m e s d o w n s tr e a m a n d s e n d s R D I fr a m e s u p s tr e a m


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : D e te c tin g F a ilu r e s

1 . T h e r o u te r r e c e iv e s a c o n fig u r e d n u m b e r o f s u c c e s s iv e e n d -to -e n d F 5 O A M lo o p b a c k c e ll r e p lie s

2 . T h e r o u te r d o e s n o t r e c e iv e F 5 -A IS c e lls fo r 3 s e c o n d s

3 . T h e r o u te r d o e s n o t r e c e iv e F 5 -R D I c e lls fo r 3 s e c o n d s

T h e r e A r e T h r e e Co n d itio n s to D e c la r e a P V C U P



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : S a m p le N e tw o r k D ia g r a m

Bernard GuilderResponse LB cellLoopInd=0

Response LB cellLoopInd=0

Response LB cellLoopInd=0

LS1010-1 LS1010-2

0/0/0 0/0/1 0/0/0 1/1/2

Command LB cell (LoopInd=1)



1/1161/116 1/1161/116 1/1161/116


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

M a r 3 0 1 4 :2 2 :3 9 .0 5 0 : A T M O A M (A T M 2 /0 /0 .1 1 6 ): T im e r : V CD # 4 V C 1 /1 1 6 S ta tu s :2 CT a g :1 7 1 2 8

T r ie s :0

M a r 3 0 1 4 :2 2 :3 9 .0 5 0 : A T M O A M L O O P (A T M 2 /0 /0 .1 1 6 ) O : V CD # 4 V C 1 /1 1 6 CT a g :4 2 E 9

M a r 3 0 1 4 :2 2 :3 9 .0 5 0 : A T M O A M L O O P (A T M 2 /0 /0 ) I: V CD # 4 V C 1 /1 1 6 L o o p In d :0 CT a g :4 2 E 9

M a r 3 0 1 4 :2 2 :4 8 .9 5 8 : A T M O A M (A T M 2 /0 /0 .1 1 6 ): T im e r : V CD # 4 V C 1 /1 1 6 S ta tu s :2 CT a g :1 7 1 2 9

T r ie s :0

M a r 3 0 1 4 :2 2 :4 8 .9 5 8 : A T M O A M L O O P (A T M 2 /0 /0 .1 1 6 ) O : V CD # 4 V C 1 /1 1 6 CT a g :4 2 E A

M a r 3 0 1 4 :2 2 :4 8 .9 5 8 : A T M O A M L O O P (A T M 2 /0 /0 ) I: V CD # 4 V C 1 /1 1 6 L o o p In d :0 CT a g :4 2 E A

• S u c c e s s fu lly a c k n o w le d g e d O A M c e lls

A T M : d e b u g a tm o a m



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : d e b u g a tm o a m (Ce ll L o s s )

Mar 30 14:48:41.684: ATM OAM(ATM2/0/0.116): Timer: VCD#4 VC 1/116 Status:1 Tag:17285 Tries:0

Mar 30 14:48:41.684: atm_oam_setstate - VCD#4, VC 1/116: newstate = Down Retry

Mar 30 14:48:41.684: ATM OAM LOOP(ATM2/0/0.116) O: VCD#4 VC 1/116 CTag:4386Mar 30 14:48:42.680: ATM OAM(ATM2/0/0.116): Timer: VCD#4 VC 1/116 Status:1 CTag:17286Tries:1Mar 30 14:48:42.680: ATM OAM LOOP(ATM2/0/0.116) O: VCD#4 VC 1/116 CTag:4387Mar 30 14:48:43.680: ATM OAM(ATM2/0/0.116): Timer: VCD#4 VC 1/116 Status:1 CTag:17287Tries:2Mar 30 14:48:43.680: ATM OAM LOOP(ATM2/0/0.116) O: VCD#4 VC 1/116 CTag:4388Mar 30 14:48:44.680: ATM OAM(ATM2/0/0.116): Timer: VCD#4 VC 1/116 Status:1 CTag:17288Tries:3Mar 30 14:48:44.680: ATM OAM LOOP(ATM2/0/0.116) O: VCD#4 VC 1/116 CTag:4389Mar 30 14:48:45.676: ATM OAM(ATM2/0/0.116): Timer: VCD#4 VC 1/116 Status:1 CTag:17289Tries:4Mar 30 14:48:45.676: ATM OAM LOOP(ATM2/0/0.116) O: VCD#4 VC 1/116 CTag:438A

Mar 30 14:48:46.676: ATM OAM(ATM2/0/0.116): Timer: VCD#4 VC 1/116 Status:1 CTag:17290

Tries:5 <- the router makes 5 retries before declaring the PVC downMar 30 14:48:46.676: atm_oam_setstate - VCD#4, VC 1/116: newstate = Not Verified

Mar 30 14:48:46.676: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface ATM2/0/0.116,changed state to downMar 30 14:48:46.676: ATM OAM LOOP(ATM2/0/0.116) O: VCD#4 VC 1/116 CTag:438B


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : s h a tm p v c (O A M )R o u te r # s h a tm p v c 1 /1 1 6

* s n ip *

A A L 5 -L L C/S N A P , e ty p e :0 x 0 , F la g s : 0 x C2 0 , V Cm o d e : 0 x 0

O A M fr e q u e n c y : 1 0 s e c o n d (s ), O A M r e tr y fr e q u e n c y : 1 s e c o n d (s )

O A M u p r e tr y c o u n t: 3 , O A M d o w n r e tr y c o u n t: 5

O A M L o o p b a c k s ta tu s : O A M S e n t

* s n ip *

O A M c e lls r e c e iv e d : 9

F 5 In E n d lo o p : 9 , F 5

In S e g lo o p : 0 , F 5 In A IS : 0 , F 5 In R D I: 0

F 4 In E n d lo o p : 0 , F 4 In S e g lo o p : 0 , F 4 In A IS : 0 , F 4 In R D I: 0

O A M c e lls s e n t: 1 8

F 5 O u tE n d lo o p : 1 8 , F 5 O u tS e g lo o p : 0 , F 5 O u tR D I: 0

F 4 O u tE n d lo o p : 0 , F 4 O u tS e g lo o p : 0 , F 4 O u tR D I: 0

O A M c e ll d r o p s : 0

S ta tu s : D O W N , S ta te : N O T _ V E R IF IE D



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : In v e r s e M u ltip le x o v e r A T M

IM A u s e s IM A Co n tr o l P r o to c o l (ICP ) Ce lls

• T r a n s m itte d p e r io d ic a lly

• T o tr a n s m it in fo r m a tio n to r e c o n s tr u c t th e A T M c e ll s tr e a m

ICP Ce lls a r e s e r v e d in r o u n d r o b in fa s h io n

ICP Ce lls p r o v id e o r d e r o f lin k s in th e g r o u p

n x T 1 /E 1 lin k s

IM A L o g ic a l L in k


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Router#show ima interface atm2/IMA2 Interface atm2/IMA2 is up Group index is 2 Ne state is operational, failure status is noFailure active links bitmap 0x30 IMA Group Current Configuration: TX/Rx configured links bitmap 0x30/0x30 TX/Rx minimum required links 1/1 Maximum allowed diff delay is 25ms, TX frame length 128 NE TX clock mode CTC, configured timing reference link atm2/4 Test pattern procedure is disabled IMA Group Current Counters (time elapsed 12 seconds): 3 NE Failures, 3 Fe Failures, 4 Unavail Secs IMA Group Total Counters (last 0 15 minute intervals): 0 NE Failures, 0 Fe Failures, 0 Unavail Secs IMA link Information: Link Physical Status NearEnd Rx Status Test Status ---- --------------- ----------------- -----------atm2/4 down unusableFailed disabled atm2/5 up active disabled

A T M : T r o u b le s h o o tin g IM A

• T h e s h o w im a in te r fa c e c o m m a n d

State

Config

Links



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3


• T h e s h o w c o n tr o lle r s a tm Co m m a n d fo r P h y s ic a l In te r fa c e s

ATM#show controllers atm 1/2 !Part of IMA group 2<snip>

Link 2 IMA Info: group index is 2 Tx link id is 2, TX link state is unusableFaultRx link id is 99, Rx link state is unusableFailedRx link failure status is lodsFailure, 1 TX failures, 3 rx failures

<snip>

Lin k F a ilu r e C o n d itio n s :

• L o s s o f IM A F r a m e (L IF )— In te r fa c e is e x p e r ie n c in g a n o u t o f IM A fr a m e (O IF ) o r lo s s o f s y n c h r o n iz a tio n s ta te fo r a t le a s t tw o IM A fr a m e s . W h e n th is fa u lt c o n d itio n is a c tiv e , th e IM A s u b la y e r r e p la c e s a ll r e c e iv e d d a ta c e lls w ith fille r c e lls

• L o s s o f D e la y S y n c h r o n iz a tio n (L O D S )— In te r fa c e h a s d e te c te d th e tim in g d e la y b e tw e e n th is lin k a n d o th e r lin k s in th e IM A g r o u p h a s e x c e e d e d th e c o n fig u r e d m a x im u m v a lu e


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : IM A M a in S ta te s in L in k S ta te M a c h in e

S ta teS ta te D e s c r ip tio nD e s c r ip tio n

U n u s a b leU n u s a b leL in k Is Co n fig u r e d T o B e a n IM A G r o u p M e m b e r , B u t Is N o t in U s e D u e to F a u lt o r In h ib itio n ; L in k E r r o r Co n d itio n s Ca n L e a d to a n U n u s a b le S ta te

L in k Is Co n fig u r e d T o B e a n IM A G r o u p M e m b e r , B u t Is N o t in U s e D u e to F a u lt o r In h ib itio n ; L in k E r r o r Co n d itio n s Ca n L e a d to a n U n u s a b le S ta te

A c tiv eA c tiv e L in k Is Ca p a b le o f P a s s in g A T M L a y e r Ce lls fr o m a n d to th e A T M L a y e rL in k Is Ca p a b le o f P a s s in g A T M L a y e r Ce lls fr o m a n d to th e A T M L a y e r

U s a b leU s a b le L in k Is R e a d y to O p e r a te , B u t Is W a itin g fo r th e O th e r E n d T o B e U s a b le o r A c tiv eL in k Is R e a d y to O p e r a te , B u t Is W a itin g fo r th e O th e r E n d T o B e U s a b le o r A c tiv e

B lo c k in gB lo c k in g(R e c e iv e S ta te O n ly ) L in k Is T r a n s itio n in g to th e U n u s a b le S ta te ; A llo w s G r a c e fu l T r a n s itio n in to th e U n u s a b le S ta te w ith o u t L o s s o f A T M Ce lls

(R e c e iv e S ta te O n ly ) L in k Is T r a n s itio n in g to th e U n u s a b le S ta te ; A llo w s G r a c e fu l T r a n s itio n in to th e U n u s a b le S ta te w ith o u t L o s s o f A T M Ce lls

N o t in G r o u pN o t in G r o u p L in k Is N o t Co n fig u r e d T o B e a n IM A G r o u p M e m b e rL in k Is N o t Co n fig u r e d T o B e a n IM A G r o u p M e m b e r



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3


• T h e s h o w c o n tr o lle r s a tm Co m m a n d fo r IM A V ir tu a l In te r fa c e sATM#show controllers atm1/ima0

Interface ATM1/IMA0 is down Hardware is ATM IMA

[snip] atm channel number is 2 link members are 0x4, active links are 0x0 Group status is blockedNe, 1 links configured, Group Info: Configured links bitmap 0x4, Active links bitmap 0x0, TX/Rx IMA_id 0x11/0x63, NE Group status is startUp, frame length 0x80, Max Diff Delay 477, 1 min links, clock mode ctc, symmetry symmetricOperation, trl 2, Group Failure status is startUpNe. Test pattern procedure is disabled

SAR counter totals across all links and groups: 0 cells output, 0 cells stripped 0 cells input, 0 cells discarded, 0 AAL5 frames discarded 0 pci bus err, 0 DMA FIFO full err, 0 rsm parity err 0 rsm syn err, 0 rsm/seg q full err, 0 rsm overflow err 0 Hs q full err, 0 no free buff q err, 0 seg underflow err 0 host seg stat q full err


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

A T M : IM A S ta te s in G r o u p S ta te M a c h in e

S ta teS ta te D e s c r ip tio nD e s c r ip tio n

S ta r t-U pS ta r t-U pT h is E n d (N E ) Is W a itin g fo r In d ic a tio n th a t th e F a r E n d Is in S ta r tu p ; It M o v e s to th e N e x t S ta te a fte r R e c o r d in g IM A ID a n d O th e r IM A P a r a m e te r s

T h is E n d (N E ) Is W a itin g fo r In d ic a tio n th a t th e F a r E n d Is in S ta r tu p ; It M o v e s to th e N e x t S ta te a fte r R e c o r d in g IM A ID a n d O th e r IM A P a r a m e te r s

Co n fig -A b o r te dCo n fig -A b o r te d T h e F E Is U s in g U n a c c e p ta b le Co n fig u r a tio n P a r a m e te r s (In c lu d in g IM A V e r s io n )T h e F E Is U s in g U n a c c e p ta b le Co n fig u r a tio n P a r a m e te r s (In c lu d in g IM A V e r s io n )

S ta r t-U p -A c kS ta r t-U p -A c k W h e n B o th S id e s A r e E n a b le dW h e n B o th S id e s A r e E n a b le d

In s u ffic ie n t-L in k s

In s u ffic ie n t-L in k s

N E A c c e p te d F E P a r a m e te r s , b u t F E H a s In s u ffic ie n t L in k sN E A c c e p te d F E P a r a m e te r s , b u t F E H a s In s u ffic ie n t L in k s

N o t Co n fig u r e dN o t Co n fig u r e d T h e IM A G r o u p D o e s N o t E x is tT h e IM A G r o u p D o e s N o t E x is t

B lo c k e dB lo c k e d T h e G r o u p Is B lo c k e dT h e G r o u p Is B lo c k e d

O p e r a tio n a lO p e r a tio n a l T h e G r o u p Is N o t In h ib ite d a n d H a s S u ffic ie n t L in k s ;A T M Ce lls A r e P a s s e d fr o m IM A S u b la y e r to A T M L a y e rT h e G r o u p Is N o t In h ib ite d a n d H a s S u ffic ie n t L in k s ;A T M Ce lls A r e P a s s e d fr o m IM A S u b la y e r to A T M L a y e r



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

D e c o d e fo r 0 x 3 FD e c o d e fo r 0 x 3 F

Apr 13 20:45:47.196 CDT: %IMA-5-ACTIVE_LINK_CHANGE: IMA Group ATM2/IMA0 now has 5 active links, active link bitmap is 0x37. APR 13 20:45:47.964 CDT: %IMA-5-ACTIVE_LINK_CHANGE: IMA Group ATM2/IMA0 now has 6 active links, active link bitmap is 0x3F.APR 13 20:45:51.184 CDT: %IMA-5-ACTIVE_LINK_CHANGE: IMA Group ATM2/IMA0 now has 5 active links, active link bitmap is 0x37. APR 13 20:45:51.440 CDT: %IMA-5-ACTIVE_LINK_CHANGE: IMA Group ATM2/IMA0 now has 6 active links, active link bitmap is 0x3F.

A T M : B o u n c in g IM A L in k sD e c o d in g th e A c tiv e L in k B itm a p

D e c o d e fo r 0 x 3 7D e c o d e fo r 0 x 3 7B in a r y d e c o d eB in a r y d e c o d e 00 00 11 11 00 11 11

T 1 p o r t v a lu eT 1 p o r t v a lu e 77 66 55 44 33 22 11

11

00

B in a r y d e c o d eB in a r y d e c o d e 00 00 11 11 11 11 11

T 1 p o r t v a lu eT 1 p o r t v a lu e

11

77 66 55 44 33 22 11 00

P o r t s ta tu sP o r t s ta tu s D o w nD o w n D o w nD o w n U pU p U pU p D o w nD o w n U pU p U pU p U pU p

P o r t s ta tu sP o r t s ta tu s D o w nD o w n D o w nD o w n U pU p U pU p U pU p U pU p U pU p U pU p


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

R e fe r e n c e s :

• T 1h ttp ://w w w .c is c o .c o m /w a r p /p u b lic /1 1 6 /t1 _ flc h r t_ m a in .h tm l

h ttp ://w w w .c is c o .c o m /w a r p /p u b lic /1 1 6 /t1 _ flc h r t_ a la r m _ 1 .h tm l

h ttp ://w w w .c is c o .c o m /c g i-b in /S u p p o r t/P S P /p s p _ v ie w .p l? p = In te r n e tw o r k in g :T 1 T 3 E 1 E 3

• S O N E Th ttp ://w w w .c is c o .c o m /e n /U S /te c h /tk 7 1 3 /tk 6 0 7 /te c h _ p r o to c o l_ fa m ily _ h o m e .h tm l

• F r a m e R e la y T e c h n ic a l T ip sh ttp ://w w w .c is c o .c o m /c g i-b in /S u p p o r t/b r o w s e /p s p _ v ie w .p l? p = In te r n e tw o r k in g :F r a m e _ R e la y

• P o in t-to -P o in t P r o to c o lh ttp ://w w w .c is c o .c o m /e n /U S /te c h /tk 7 1 3 /tk 5 0 7 /te c h _ p r o to c o l_ fa m ily _ h o m e .h tm l

• A T M T e c h n ic a l T ip sh ttp ://w w w .c is c o .c o m /p c g i-b in /S u p p o r t/b r o w s e /in d e x .p l? i= T e c h n o lo g ie s & f= 1 1 9 3

• G e n e r a l W A Nh ttp ://w w w .c is c o .c o m /e n /U S /p a r tn e r /te c h /tk 7 1 3 /tk 6 0 7 /te c h n o lo g ie s _ w h ite _ p a p e r 0 9 1 8 6 a 0 0 8 0 0 9 4 6 9 9 .s h tm l

h ttp ://w w w .c is c o .c o m /e n /U S /te c h /tk 7 1 3 /te c h _ p r o to c o l_ fa m ilie s .h tm l



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

R e c o m m e n d e d R e a d in g

• Cis c o A T M S o lu tio n s

IS B N : 1 -5 7 8 7 0 -2 1 3 -5

• Cis c o IO S 1 2 .0 W id e A r e a N e tw o r k in g S o lu tio n s

IS B N : 1 -5 7 8 7 0 -1 5 8 -9

A v a ila b le O n s ite a t th e Cis c o Co m p a n y S to r eA v a ila b le O n s ite a t th e Cis c o Co m p a n y S to r e


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

R e c o m m e n d e d R e a d in g

• Cis c o W A N Q u ic k S ta r t

IS B N : 1 -5 7 8 7 0 -1 0 4 -X

• Cis c o IO S W id e A r e a N e tw o r k in g S o lu tio n s

IS B N : 1 -5 7 8 7 0 -0 5 4 -X

A v a ila b le O n s ite a t th e Cis c o Co m p a n y S to r eA v a ila b le O n s ite a t th e Cis c o Co m p a n y S to r e



A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

P le a s e Co m p le te Y o u r E v a lu a tio n F o r m

S e s s io n A CC-3 0 0 0


A C C -3 0 0 08 0 2 2 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 3 _ c 3

Documents

Troubleshooting WAN Protocols in Cisco IOS Software