Tropical Rain Forest

Humid

Marine West Coast

Humid Climate

Low Latitude Desert

Arid

Northern Continental Climate

Sub-Humid

Mid- Latitude Grassland

Semi-Arid

High Latitude Tundra

Arid/Semi-Arid

The classification of

climate is based on

annual and monthly

averages of

1.

2.

TEMPERATURE

PRECIPITATION

How does latitude

affect climate?

As latitude ________, the average

annual temperature _________.

0° Latitude 90°

Tem

pe

ratu

re

decreases increases

increases increases

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Tem

pe

ratu

re

High Latitude

Mid-Latitude

Low Latitude

INCREASES

INCREASES

How does closeness to a large

body of water affect climate?

Water __________ the temperature.

_______ summers. _______ winters.

Which city is closer to a

large body of water?

How does the shape of the

temperature curve help to

identify the coastal city?

Its temperature line is flatter

(moderated).

moderates

Cities A & B are located

at the same latitude.

Cooler Warmer

City B

Marine vs. Continental

• Since land gains and loses heat much

more quickly than water, land areas tend

to have cooler summers and warmer

winters.

• Coastal areas near the ocean have cooler

summers and milder/warmer winters.

Coastal areas have __________________ with a

_______yearly temperature range.

marine climates small

Land areas have

__________________ with a

_________ yearly

temperature range.

X Y Continental

Marine

Large yearly temp. range

Small yearly temp. range

Page 14 of the

ESRTs

We live in the

troposphere.

Temperature

decreases

with elevation.

Low elevation

has a

______________

average yearly

temperature

High Elevation

has a

_____________

average yearly

temperature

Lower

Higher

How does elevation affect climate?

As elevation _________, the average

annual temperature __________.

Elevation

Tem

pera

ture

increases

decreases

The windward sides of the

Adirondacks & Catskills

receive a great deal more

precipitation

The leeward

sides of the

Adirondacks &

Catskills

receive much

less

precipitation

How does the

Orographic Effect

affect climate?

Windward Side: ___________

Air is: __________

Leeward Side: _____________

Air is: __________

cool, moist

warm, dry

rising

sinking

Prevailing Winds and Planetary Wind Belts

• Nearness to the ocean is no guarantee of rainfall.

•Where prevailing winds blow from the ocean,

the areas closest to the ocean generally receive

more rain.

•Prevailing winds that blow from the interior

of a continent bring less rain to a region.

Prevailing Winds and Planetary Wind Belts

• Rainfall Factors:

a) Uneven heating of the Earth produces global wind belts and

pressure belts.

b) Pressure belts determine the wetness or dryness of a

location.

ii. Low pressure regions occur where air is rising.

iii. Rising air cools and expands (RACE), which causes

condensation and precipitation to occur.

iv. Thus, low pressure regions are areas of rainfall (wetness),

and high pressure areas are areas that lack rainfall

(dryness)

Prevailing Winds and Planetary Wind Belts

1) What latitudes are areas of

rainfall/wetness?

________________________

2) What latitudes are areas

that lack rainfall, or are dry

latitudes?

________________________

0o (equator), 60o N,S

30o N,S and 90o N,S

Ocean currents may make the climate of a coastal region

warmer or colder than normal for its latitude.

How do ocean currents affect climate?

Warm Currents: warmer climate

Cold Currents: cooler climate