Triton Master Brochure

8/10/2019 Triton Master Brochure

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Yacht Based Submersibles

Selection, Integration, Operations & Maintenance

Website: tritonsubs.com E- mail: [email protected]

9015 17th Place Vero Beach, Florida 32966 U.S.A. Tel: +1 772/770-1995 Fax: +1 772-770-1395


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Incredibly, 97 percent of the sea-oor is completely unexplored. When

you transit the worlds waters on the surface in your yacht, thousands

of people have been there before you. However as soon as you vent

the ballast tanks on your luxury sub and dive below the surface, it is

quite likely that you will experience a part of the ocean that no one on

Earth has seen before. And you are doing it in perfect air-conditioned

comfort and safety, quite possibly with a ute of excellent Champagne

in one hand.

Having a submersible aboard your yacht can make you a hero with

family and friends. Imagine being able to provide this very unique op-

tion of showing people the fabulous majesty of the undersea world.

Letting them interact, up close and personally, with the myriad denizens

of the deep. This is the nest type of adventure safe, comfortable,

fascinating and rare.

When you think of the hundreds of millions of dollars currently being

spent to send people into low earth orbit, its remarkable that you, your

family and your guests can directly experience the unexplored ocean

that is, guratively, right in our own back yard. And, you can do so with

a form of transportation that is statistically, the safest in the world.

Moreover you dont even need a megayacht. Triton can provide you

with a submarine and support vessel for less than $6 million.

But is a submersible right for you? There is not much information avail-

able on yacht-based submersible ownership and operation, and as a

result, there are many misconceptions. The purpose of this document

is to provide you with the information you need to make an informed

decision about having a submersible on your vessel.

The reality is that while a quality submersible is a complex piece of

equipment, it is simple to operate and inexpensive to maintain, espe-

cially when compared with helicopters or other yacht-based amenities.

There is no need to hire additional crew for your vessel as we can

cross-train your existing crew members to pilot, operate and maintain

your luxury submersible. We also provide 24/7 technical support and

the highest levels of service in the industry. If you see yourself at the

helm, Triton staff can teach you to be a pilot in a few short weeks.

By the way, if you become a qualied deep submersible pilot, you will

be one of about 400 world-wide. That is pretty exclusive company,

equivalent to one in every 17.4 million people.

Do you charter your yacht and do you nd the market competitive? One

of the best things you can do to increase market differentiation and

make your yacht competitively superior is to place a Triton deep sub-

mersible aboard. Youll be providing your charter guests an experience

that very, very few others can offer.


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How comfortable is it inside the submarine?

The inside of one of our luxury submarines is air conditioned and

temperature controlled. Regardless of the operating depth of the

submarine, the interior of the passenger cabin remains at sur-

face pressure, which is 1 atmosphere. As a result, passengers do

not experience any of the pressure induced physiological effects

experienced by SCUBA divers (e.g. bends, nitrogen narcosis, etc).

A guest aboard a submarine can stay comfortably submergedfor as long as desired, and the submarine can dive or surface at

any rate. It is really quite amazing how many people misunder-

stand this important point and it is one of the key reasons that our

submarines can be enjoyed by anyone from 5 to 95 years of age.

In fact, any change in pressure is generally attributed to slight

changes in temperature and are small enough to measured by a

barometer (just a few milliabars of paressure).

How safe are Tritons submersibles?

Last year approximately 1 million passengers took dives aboard the

worlds civilian submarine eet, predominantly in one of 40 tourist

submarines. In the 27 year operating history of the industry there

has never been a single serious injury or fatality to any passenger.

The industry has a perfect safety record and, civil submarines are

statistically the safest form of transportation in the world today.

All Tritons are classed A1Manned Submersible by the Ameri-

can Bureau of Shipping. Like FAA certication for aircraft, the ABS

classification procedure is arduous, but results in unsurpassed

safety. In fact, we tell our clients that by the time the paperwork

weighs as much as the sub, the project is done (a bit of an exagger-

ation, but you get the point).

Not only are all Tritons certied by ABS (and optionally by Cayman

Island Shipping Registry) but they are aslo built by a group with over

350 years of collective experience on 80 subs easily making us

the most experienced and qualied civil sub builders and operators

in the world today. In fact, thats 10 times the experience of any one

of our competitors.

How does the air stay fresh inside the sub?

The submarine has a sophisticated central air conditioning and

life support system. Basically oxygen stored in high-pressure bot-

tles outside the pressure hull is injected at low pressure into the


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What is the difference between a submarine and submersible?

We use the terms interchangeably to refer to any non-tethered,

free-swimming manned undersea vehicle, but there are some dif-

ferences.A submarine is a military or civilian vessel, generally

cigar-shaped, capable of traversing long distances underwa-

ter at significant speeds. Submarines are capable of regen-

erating their own power and can stay submerged for days at a

time. A submersible is typically a battery-powered undersea

vehicle capable of carrying small crews short distances under-

water, primarily for observation. They have a nite amount of

energy available from storage batteries, which limits both range

and endurance. Submersibles are however, typically capable of

diving much deeper than military or civilian submarines.

How difficult is it to integrate a sub on a yacht?

Tritons have relatively small deck footprints as they range in length

from 10.5 feet (3.2 m) to 13.5 feet (4.4 m). It is generally not

difcult to nd space aboard. However the subs are heavy for their

size as they must weigh as much as the water they displace to

be neutrally buoyant when submerged so the lifting gear must be

robust enough to launch and retrieve the sub.

Support equipment includes battery chargers, an air compressor

and oxygen storage bottles as well as containers of scrubbing

compound. However, these items are not large and are easily inte-

grated into mechanical spaces with on-deck connections adjacent

to the submarines storage location.

How many crew members are necessary to operate a Triton?

One existing yacht crew member can be trained to both pilot and

maintain the sub. However it is prudent to train at least two crew

members so someone is always available in the event of crew

turnover or vacation. Oftentimes we train an owner to pilot the sub

and one or two crew members to pilot and maintain the sub or to

just maintain the sub. Our entire comprehensive training program,

including access to the worlds only deep submersible simulator,

is offered free of charge to Triton customers.

Do I need a megayacht to own and operate a Triton?

Absolutely not. If your base of operations is relatively close to

where you want to dive and the weather and sea conditions are

generally good, you could tow your Triton out to your dive site at

a relatively low speed. We also offer a line of support vessels,

starting at approximately $3 million, that are specially designed

to transport, launch and recover Tritons. The smallest of these is a

highly efcient 65-foot (20 m) wave-piercing catamaran that can

dynamically launch and recover a Triton in relatively heavy seas.

More information is available in the Support Vessel section.

In addition, U.S. Submarines builds a line of diesel electric subma-

rines designed for surface transit out to dive sites. The minimum

surface range is approximately 400 nm while the large luxury

subs have trans-Atlantic range.


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a. Reef Diving The most magnificent dive spots on the planet

tend to be coral reefs. Most display absolutely stunning diversity

of marine life immersed in crystal clear waters. It is a tragedythat SCUBA divers are so depth limited, because it is once you

go beyond 100 meters that things get really interesting. SCUBA

divers are fond of saying there is nothing on a deep reef to see.

Thats because theyve never been there. With a Triton youll

have a unique opportunity to see huge barrel sponges, photo-

luminescent creatures of all types, rare invertebrates, unique

deep water fish and massive sixgill sharks.

b. Attracting Unusual Species In late Summer 2012 a

Triton 3300/3 was used to attract and film the giant squid.

This unprecedented event marks the first time in human his-

tory that man has set eyes on the giant squid underwater.

The Triton was able to film this encounter for 18 minutes

as the squid descended from 2,000 feet to over 2,700 feet.

1. Number of passengers: Tritons are now available in 1-, 2-, 3-,

4-, 6- or 8-passenger congurations. In many cases, this will be

decided by the lifting capacity and/or available deck space

on your vessel (see #2). If weight is is not an issue, consider

whether or not you yourself intend to pilot your sub. If so, you

will be able to share the experience with another person in one

of our 2-passenger models. They are our smallest and lightest

subs. If you would prefer to have your crew pilot the sub (or at

least to have that option) while still being able to dive with your

guests, a 3-passenger (pilot plus two guests) model or one of

our larger 4-, 6- or 8-passenger subs may be just the ticket.

2. Launch and Recovery Requirements:There is a signicant

difference in the weight of a 3-passenger versus a 2-passenger

submersible. Many vessels are equipped to lift tenders, toys

and equipment up to about 7,000 pounds, which is enough to

launch and recover a Triton 1000/2, but would require signi-

cant alteration in order to safely launch and recover the 8-ton

load of a Triton 3300/3. The larger subs are, of course, heavier.

We can help you determine what the current launch and recov-

ery capabilities of your vessel are while also providing details on

what might be necessary to enhance your system to accommo-

date a larger sub.

3. Mission Profile:There are so many amazing things to see in

the ocean that it may be hard to prioritize everything you want

to do. The good news is, with a Triton submersible you are guar-

anteed to be able to see things that no human has ever seen

before; on almost every dive! Here are some unique dive expe-

riences sure to amaze and inspire you and your guests:


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Life Support: oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, refrigerant, temperature, humidity, cabin pressure, and all uid system pressuresGeneral: depth, water alarms, pitch, roll, heading, altitude, position (lat/long), vertical speed and velocity Electrical: voltage, amperage, amp hour capacity (fuel gauge), ground fault condition

The exploring couples dream machine, the Triton 3300/3 has a small deck footprint, is easy to launch and recover but has the

versatility that a 3300 foot sub can provide. This is a sub that has the depth capability to do it. Track the giant squid, visit deep

wrecks, explore amazing sea mounts and visit subterranean vents. An undiscovered world awaits.

11.5 ft 3.5 m

9.7 ft 2.95 m

6.9 ft 2.1 m

9920 lbs 4500 kg

56.7 in 1440 mm

67.2in 1710 mm

19.7 in 500 mm

Triton Submarines LLC

ABS+A1Passenger Submersible

Cayman Islands Shipping Registry

450 lb 205 kg

3280 ft 1000 m

3 kts

Pilot + 1 pax

176 lb 80 kg

3640 lb 1500 kg

6 kWh

20 kWh

2 x 2.7 hp 2 x 2 kW

2 x 2.7 hp 2 x 2 kW

12 hours

PLC based touch screen

LED

oxygen with CO2 scrubber

12 hrs

96 hrs

2 x 17 litre

5 x 17 litre

Dimensions:

General:

Electrical:

H.P. Air & Oxygen:

. . . . . . . . . . length

. . . . . . . . . . width

. . . . . . . . . . height

weight

. . . . . pressure hull I. D.

. . . . pressure hull O. D.

. . . . . hatch I. D.

builder/designer

certification 1

certification 2

payload

depth

speed

crew

variable ballast

main ballast

24 v battery

. 120 v battery

. . . . main thrusters

. . . . vertrans thrusters

operational endurance

control

, external lights

life support

main oxygen (200 bar)

reserve oxygen (200 bar)

main air (200 bar)

reserve air (200 bar)


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Life Support: oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, refrigerant, temperature, hum idity, cabin pressure, and all uid system pressuresGeneral: depth, water alarms, pitch, roll, heading, altitude, position (lat/long), vertical speed and velocity Electrical: voltage, amperage, amp hour capacity (fuel gauge), ground fault condition

13.1 ft 4.0 m

9.8 ft 3.0 m

8.2 ft 2.5 m

17640 lbs 8000 kg

69.3 in 1768 mm

82.7 in 2100 mm

21.7 in 550 mm




1760 lb 800 kg

3280 ft 1000 m

3 kts

Pilot + 2 pax397 lb 180 kg

8000 lb 3650 kg

6 kWh

30 kWh

2 x 5 hp 2 x 3.7 kW

2 x 5 hp 2 x 3.7 kW

12 hours


quarts (std), LED (opt)


12 hrs

96 hrs

2 x 27 litre

6 x 27 litre

Dimensions:

General:

Electrical:

H.P. Air & Oxygen:

. . . . . . . . . . length

. . . . . . . . . . width

. . . . . . . . . . height

weight



. . . . . hatch I. D.

builder/designer

certification 1

certification 2

payload

depth

speed

crewvariable ballast

main ballast

24 v battery

. 288 v battery




control

, external lights

life support



main air (200 bar)


The Triton 3300/3 is our most popular submersible and it can take a pilot and two passengers, in perfect comfort and safety, to

depths of 3300 feet (1000 meters). It was this model Triton that allowed mans rst ever encounter with the giant squid underwater.

The 3300/3 offers you an unprecedented opportunity to show friends and family the ocean world. Dive on wrecks, both ancient and

contemporary, explore the myriad denizens of the Stygian deep or laugh in wonder at the antics of the brilliant sh that inhabit the

coral reef. A magic world awaits you.


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The deep ocean is no place for compromise and no other group in the

world today could design an extreme depth multi-passenger submersible

like the Triton 36000/3. At the bottom of the ocean in the Challenger

Deep the pressure is 16,000 pounds per square inch.

The passenger compartment is under an enormous 170,000 tons of

hydrostatic force from the weight of nearly seven miles of ocean depth.

Yet the properties of the high-pressure glass actually allow it to get

stronger under compressive load when no metallic interface exists. For

the rst time in history an extreme depth submersible has a completely

transparent passenger compartment that allows uninterrupted viewing.

In comparison, the handful of subs that dive to 25,000 feet or less have

massive steel or titanium passenger compartments and cost ve times

more than our 36000/3 for about two-thirds the depth capability.

The worlds deepest diving multi-passenger submersible


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13.1 ft 4.0 m

9.8 ft 3.0 m

8.2 ft 2.5 m

17640 lbs 8000 kg

74.4 in 1890 mm

82.7 in 2100 mm

21.7 in 550 mm




1760 lb 800 kg

1000 ft 305 m

3 kts


8000 lb 3650 kg

6 kWh

30 kWh

2 x 5 hp 2 x 3.7 kW

2 x 5 hp 2 x 3.7 kW

10 hours


LED


10 hrs

96 hrs

3 x 27 litre

4 x 27 litre

Dimensions:

General:

Electrical:

H.P. Air & Oxygen:

. . . . . . . . . . length

. . . . . . . . . . width

. . . . . . . . . . height

weight



. . . . . hatch I. D.

builder/designer

certification 1

certification 2

payload

depth

speed


main ballast

24 v battery

. 288 v battery




control (std), LED

, external lights

life support



main air (200 bar)


The Triton 1000/4 adds even more seating versatility within the passenger compartment by taking advantage of the

1000/3s very large and spacious pressure hull with the addition of one more seat. The crane weight is equivalent to

that of the deeper diving 3300/3 but one more seat is a great addition for families that might not require the remarkable

spaciousness of the three seat models.

Life Support: oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, refrigerant, temperature, humidity, cabin pressure, and all uid system pressuresGeneral: depth, water alarms, pitch, roll, heading, altitude, position (lat/long), vertical speed and velocity Electrical: voltage, amperage, amp hour capacity (fuel gauge), ground fault condition


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13.1ft 4.0 m

15.9 ft 4.85 m

7.9 ft 2.4 m

23148 lbs 10500 kg

2@ 69.3 in 2 @ 1768 mm

2 @ 82.7 in 2 @ 2100 mm

21.7 in 550 mm




1100 lbs 500 kg

3280 ft 1000 m

3 kts


8800 lb 4000 kg

8 kWh

40 kWh

2 x 5 hp 2 x 3.7 kW

2 x 5 hp 2 x 3.7 kW

12 hours


LED


12 hrs

96 hrs

6 x 27 litre

8 x 27 litre

. . . . . . . . . . length

. . . . . . . . . . width

. . . . . . . . . . height

weight



. . . . . hatch I. D.

builder/designer

certification 1

certification 2

payload

depth

speed


main ballast

24 v battery

. 288 v battery




control

, external lights

life support



main air (200 bar)


Dimensions:

General:

Electrical:

H.P. Air & Oxygen:

Life Support: oxygen, carbon dioxide, hyd rogen, refrigerant, temperature, humidity, cabin pressure, and all uid system pressuresGeneral: depth, water alarms, pitch, roll, heading, altitude, position (lat/long), vertical speed and velocityElectrical: voltage, amperage, amp hour capacity (fuel gauge), ground fault condition

The Triton 3300/6 - because no one wants to sit in the back. Comprised of two deep-diving transparent hulls linked together

in a common frame, the Triton 3300/6 allows you and ve of your friends or family to journey into the deep ocean together.

Everyone has an incredible view in this new masterpiece from Triton.


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1. Instrumentation

a. Ana log Instrumentat ion

i. Main high-pressure air gaugeii. Reserve high-pressure air gaugeiii. Main high-pressure metabolic oxygen (O2)gaugeiv. Reserve high-pressure metabolic oxygen gaugev. Cabin metabolic oxygen (O2)supply pressure gaugevi. Cabin metabolic oxygen (O2)supply ow rate metervii. Cabin pressure gauge (aneroid barometer)viii. Cabin temperature thermometerix. Cabin humidity hygrometerx. Main depth gaugexi. Redundant depth gaugexii. Hydraulic system pressure gaugexiii. Hydraulic system oil level indicatorxiv. Pitch and roll angle clinometers (two each)xv. Clock

b. Elec tronic Instrumenta tion Touch Screen Displayi. Horizontal situation indicator (HSI) heading, roll, pitchii. Depth distance to surfaceiii. Altitude distance to bottomiv. Variable ballast tank water levelv. High-pressure air main and reserve bank pressurevi. High-pressure oxygen (O2) main and reserve pressurevii. Cabin environment (%O2) monitor and alarmviii. Cabin environment (%CO2) monitor and alarmix. Cabin environment temperaturex. Cabin environment relative humidityxi. Cabin environment freon monitor and alarmxii. Main 288 Volt battery bank voltage and amperagexiii. Port 24 V Battery Bank voltage and amperagexiv. Starboard 24 V Battery Bank voltage and amperagexv. Ground fault monitors with alarms(2)xvi. Leak detectors with alarms (6)xvii. Battery box hydrogen sensors with alarms (2)

2. Controls

a. Joystick

i. Forward/aft thrustii. Vertical thrustiii. Translational (directional) thrustiv. Auto heading / auto speed engageb. Pneumatic control valvesi. Main air / reserve air selector valveii. Main oxygen / reserve oxygen selector valveiii. Oxygen supply regulator valveiv. Oxygen supply regulator bypass valvev. Main ballast tank vent forward and aftvi. Main ballast tank blow forward and aftvii. Hull stop valvesviii. Gauge and instrumentation isolation valvesc. Variable ballast tank ood valved. Hydraulic uid control valvesi. Selector valveii. Hydraulic hand pumpiii. Hull stop valvesiv. Gauge isolation valvese. Electrici. Main 288 V power engageii. Auxiliary 24 V power engageiii. Emergency 24 V power engageiv. Scrubber, air-conditioner and atmospheric monitorsv. Programmable logic controller (PLC)vi. UW telephone, audio and accessoriesvii. Hydraulic power unit (HPU)viii. Lightsix. Variable ballast pump


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The ability to track a submersible underwater, while not required by

ABS, the USCG nor the CISR Registry, is without question a desirable

and important safety feature for any deep diving manned submersible.

USBL tracking systems calculate the relative position of a subsea ob-

ject to the surface vessel transceiver by interfacing acoustic range and

bearing data to attitude (motion), heading and GPS sensors. Since the

accuracy of the position information being obtained by a USBL system

is based on knowing the exact relative position of the surface vessel

transceiver to the beacon on the object being tracked underwater at

the time acoustic signals are being transmitted and received, the qual-

ity of the motion and heading sensors used on the surface vessel is

critically important.

With GPS interfaced into the surface computer, the exact position(latitude and longitude) and depth of the submersible is continuously

updated. If the optional modem package is included, two-way com-

munication via text messaging is possible. Tritons operating system in-

cludes pre-written text messages the pilot can easily send to the sur-

face, reducing the need for excessive typing. This text can also include

NMEA sentences carrying position information from the surface to the

submersibles GPS computer, providing real time navigational plotting

that can be used by the pilot. There are several USBL systems on the

market today that your Triton rep will be happy to discuss in detail.

Full Spectrum Chirp Technology Color Sounder/GPS equip-

ment is normally found only on commercial shing vessels but Triton

has developed it into a comprehensive navigational tool. With a powerful

1.5 Kilowatt transducer designed specically for Triton, the pilot can

get a virtual representation of the bottom in over 5,000 feet of water.

Knowing altitude off bottom as well as seeing the contour itself is cru -

cial to safe navigation. Being able to see sh, obstacles, ship wrecks

and other submersibles beneath are also clear advantages.

The unit also acts as a sophisticated GPS plotter. From the surface

the Pilot can maneuver the sub to pre-dened waypoints on a chart,

cross- reference with his data from the sounder and begin the dive with

condence. The USBL modem can also be integrated into this unit so

that the position on the chart can be updated automatically via surface

communication giving the pilot real time chart updates. Very detailed sur-

face and sub-sea charts with worldwide coverage are easily loaded via

SD cards.

A Doppler Velocity Log provides a variety of instrumentation capa-

bilities in a single package including velocity (both vertical and horizontal)

heading, depth, altitude, temperature and even current speed and direc-

tion. A DVL measures speed relative to the bottom provided the submers-

ible is in water depth within the capability of the unit.

Additional Recommended Options:

1. Manipulator 2. Submersible Mounted Mini ROV 3. Hydrophone

A Manipulatorwill allow you to pick up objects while you are diving.

The pilot can collect samples, set video or scientic equipment on the

bottom, hold onto an outcrop to remain stationary or sever lines or

other entanglement hazards.


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With appropriate planning, operating a submersible on-board a yacht

will be a simple and rewarding experience. Things to consider include

launch and recovery system options, maintenance, stafng, support

equipment, storage and spare parts.

Launch & Recovery Systems and Methods

Probably the most important thing to consider in the yacht integration

process, the launch and recovery system (LARS) is critical to ensuring

a safe, efcient and enjoyable operation. The LARS system you select

will be based on your vessels size (larger vessels often have many more

options), arrangement, existing equipment, build status (existing, ret

in progress, new build etc.) as well as your mission proles requisite

operating window. For instance, if you intend to work with scientists

or lmmakers, you may need to provide a more robust LARS system

capable of being used in a wide variety of conditions. It is also im -

portant to determine if you will require a man-rated LARS. Man-rat -

ed (rated to launch and recover a submersible with passengers and

crew aboard) systems are subject to much more strigent operational

parameters and higher factors of safety. The only Triton requiring a

man-rated system is the Triton 36000/3 Full Ocean Depth. Proximity

to the storage location of your submersible and the desired launch and

recovery location (over the side or over the stern) must be considered.

An initial review of your vessels general arrangement drawing followed

by an on-site survey by a Triton engineer are important steps to deter-

mine the optimal LARS conguration for your vessel and mission. The

following are the most common types of launch and recovery systems:

Fixed Boom CraneThe most common LARS because of its cost

effectiveness and exibility in loading a variety of equipment, the xed

boom crane is simple to operate and maintain. It is primarily suited

for fair weather use as excessive pendulum action is a hazardous in

elevated sea states.

Knuckle Boom Crane This type of lifting system, while similar to

the xed boom crane, is able to operate in a slightly wider range of

conditions (still largely fair weather) because of the ability of the boom

to articulate at one or more joints and therefore to get closer to the sub.

This helps to reduce but does not eliminate the challenge of pendulum

motion in anything but a calm sea state.

GantryA gantry system is often used to launch and recover from a

garage on the side of a vessel or between an open hull at the stern

of a vessel. Typically ceiling/overhead mounted, a gantry system is a

moving rail system that travels in and out carrying the load with it.

Some gantries utilize a xed rail system with a center carousel that

travels along the rails. One particularly desirable feature of gantry is


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In order to maintaint a speed of 1 -2 knots and to avoid dragging the

submersible at higher or uneven speeds, the vessel must be equipped

with controllable pitch propellers (CPP), slip clutches on the main en-

gines or an azmuthing bow thruster. Constant tension (CT) winches

are typically used on the tag lines to minimize lateral movement. Keep

in mind that conditions requiring dynamic launch and recovery might

make opening the hatch at the surface precarious. Therefore, the

submersible may need to be launched and recovered with the pilot

and guests inside adding the requirement for a man-rated LARS. A

man-rated LARS requires redundant hydraulic sources and higher fac-

tors of safety by the classication agency.

As you can see, there are several ways to launch and recover your Triton.

However, chances are your choices will be limited to one or two of these

systems based on your vessels arrangement. This may not be the case

if your vessel is over 200 feet and you are willing to undergo a ret to

accommodate your Triton or its early enough in your vessels design and/

or construction for significant structural modifications to be possible.

Remember to engage Triton as early as possible so that we can help you

determine the best LARS for your vessel and mission objectives.

Garage and Storage Options

It is preferable to store your Triton in a covered area to simplify mainte-

nance and optimize the life of equipment on your Triton. Your Triton can

be stored in a side/rear garage or on deck with a retracting clamshell

enclosure. It is important to have at least 1 meter of space around the

sub and ideally the same distance above for opening the hatch. Your

support equipment and charge panel should be as close to the garage

as possible (preferably in the garage). Spares should be readily acces-

sible but need not be in the garage. If your Triton will be stored in any

enclosed space, hydrogen and oxygen level monitoring is required in

addition to appropriate ventilation systems.

A quick note on deck hangars: If your deck hanger is low enough to

be affected by a following sea, a system to divert water away from the

hangar should be considered.

Maintenance

Many misconceptions exist about maintaining a submersible. The

reality is that a well-built sub, while complex, is remarkably easy and

inexpensive to maintain. Maintenance falls into two main categories:

Daily Operations After each day of diving, your crew will need towash down your Triton with fresh water, change your CO2scrubbing

compound, charge your batteries, charge your HP air system and de -

pending on how much diving you did, charge your O2 bottles. The

good news is that a well-trained crew can have the sub stowed and

on charge in about 15 minutes. Charging the batteries can take some

time but is simple to monitor from a local or remote monitoring panel.

Annual Survey In order to maintain class, ABS requires an An -

nual Survey on a submersible. This can be completed on-site or at

Tritons facility. Annual Surveys are relatively simple and inexpensive

and take about two weeks. Every three years, ABS requires that your

Triton undergo a special periodical survey. This is essentially an ex-

panded version of the Annual Survey involving additional electrical and

hydrostatic testing.


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Submersible operations conducted on a well-equipped support ves sel

by a well-trained crew should be safe, simple and enjoyable. The fol-

lowing is a brief summary of a typical day of submersible operation:

1. D etermining mission profile The mission prole could be as

simple as doing a recreational dive in shallow water at a known

site. More complex dive proles could involve scientic equip-

ment, exploration, submersible systems checks, etc. Regardless

of the complexity of the dive, it is important that all of the crew -

members participating in the dive are present at a pre-dive brief-

ing. The brieng will cover dive schedule, crew and passenger

changes, break schedules, dive prole (depth, time, site review,

etc.), launch and recovery methods (static or dynamic, etc), sub-

mersible preparation, weather conditions and any other details re-lated to the planned dive(s). The weights of crew, passengers and

additional equipment are also recorded to allow the ballast to be

adjusted during the pre-dive check. The pre-dive brieng could be

just a few minutes long for a recreational dive or much longer for

a complex scientic dive, deep dive or submersible systems check

out dive, etc.

2. Pre-di ve check Prior to diving, the submersible crew will go

through a number of checklists to ensure the submersible is ready

for safe operation. Under normal conditions, the check is general-

ly completed within 30 minutes. Checklists include water alarms,

seals, electronics, navigation systems, air systems, life support

systems, air conditioning, emergency systems and payload verica -

tion (crew, passengers, additional equipment, and ballast).

3. Launch The surface ofcer (SO) runs the dive operation from

launch to recovery and is responsible for ensuring that certain

items are completed prior to launch. These include completion of

the pre-dive brieng and pre-dive check, ensuring that all requisite

stations are manned and all equipment is operational, ensuring the

submersible is positioned and ready for launch, the dive area is clear

of vessel trafc and the conditions are suited to safe operation. The

SO will then instruct the LARS operator as the submersible is lifted

from the deck of the support vessel and placed into the water. The

launch process will vary depending on the type of LARS utilized,

weather conditions and the mission prole but is typically completedwithin ten to fifteen minutes.

4. Pilot and passenger boarding Once the submersible has been

launched, the pilot will board and run through a series of checks

to make sure the sub can be detached from the LARS. The pilot

will then request that the passengers board (pilot and SO commu -

nicate via VHF radio on the surface). Passengers are transferred

to the back deck of the submersible via a RIB (or jet ski, tender or

other small watercraft). A crew member will help them enter the

submersible through the hatch and will secure the hatch once they

are inside. The pilot can then commence the dive after giving the

passengers a short briefing.


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If, and only if, the submarine is to be used commercially (e.g. carrying

6+ passengers for hire) in the United States the U.S. Coast Guard

will approve the submarine design and survey construction, actually

duplicating work done by the ABS. The Coast Guard also stipulates

requirements for the experience levels and licensing of the submers-

ible crew, insures the existence of adequate documentation which in-

cludes operation and maintenance manuals, applicable logs, records

and checklists, etc., and assures compliance with a substantial body of

safety and other regulations. Again, this is only pertinent for commer-

cial passenger carrying operations and would not apply to a privately

owned submersible.

Assurance of submersible safety begins with the design process.

The cost to design a contemporary passenger submarine that might

cost $2.5 million to build approaches, and in some cases exceeds

$300,000. Literally thousands of man hours are required and hun -

dreds of drawings are generated. Detailed calculations are required

in such areas as pressure vessel stress analysis, life support systems,

electrical load requirements and buoyancy and stability analysis. All

materials to be used during construction must be certified and spec-

ied beforehand. The design specications generally follow the re -

quirements of such regulations as proposed in Rules for Building and

Classing Underwater Systems and Vehicles by the ABS, the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels

for Human Occupancy as well as various bulletins of the Welding Re-

search Council.

When the design is nally complete it will be exhaustively analyzed by

the engineers of the regulatory agency and classication society, and

those plans that are satisfactory will be approved. Once all plans have

been authorized, construction may commence.

Society surveyors are on hand for the construction process. They as-

sure the quality of the materials and the construction techniques. They

monitor the welding process, implement and review extensive non de-

structive testing procedures, and they witness the hydrostatic testing

of piping and gas storage systems and ballast tanks. Inspectors also

verify the installation and testing of mechanical and electrical systems,

check safety devices and examine critical dimensions. Subsequent

to pressure hull completion a hydrostatic submergence or drop

test with strain gauges is carried out to 1.25 times the design depth.

Requirements for submarine design classication include many redun -

dant systems that can be used in the event of a primary system mal -

function. These include ballast/trim, life support, propulsion and electricalsystems. The ballast/trim systems of the submarine control the crafts

buoyancy and insure its stability under a broad range of conditions. The

ballast system controls the submarines ability to descend underwater,

maintain depth or rise to the surface, while the trim system controls weight

distribution along the length of the craft, or its angle of incline in refer-

ence to the horizontal. Ballast and trim systems are composed of three

components; 1) the hard or variable ballast tanks which are externally

mounted and use high pressure air to control buoyancy and adjust for

variations in weight distribution (trim) in the submarine. Hard ballast can

also be pumped dry by an electric ballast pump. 2) Soft ballast tanks are

non-pressurized and are also externally mounted and are used primarily

to provide additional freeboard and stability while the submarine is onthe surface. They are vented through the bottom to the water, which is


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43


In addition to ABS classication, every Triton model is built in full com-

pliance with the Cayman Islands Shipping Registry (CISR) guidelines

for design, manufacture, operation and maintenance for manned sub-

mersibles. CISR compliance is important for two reasons. CISR is

the preferred ag state for megayachts and their guidelines do not

allow a non-CISR compliant submersible to be operated from a CISR

registered support vessel. Triton does not want its customers to be

faced with having to reag their vessel to carry a sub. In addition,

CISRs guidelines for submersible registration are among the strictest

worldwide. Submersibles that comply with CISR guidelines are likely

to comply with the requirements of almost any other ag state (several

do not have submersible guidelines or requirements).

Safety by Design

The overall design of Triton submersibles gives them an advantage in

safe operations from the outset. The three greatest risks associated

with submersible operation are swamping/instability on the surface,

accidents that take place during launch and recovery and underwater

entanglement.

The catamaran hull conguration (large main ballast tanks on either

side of the hull) of each Triton provides tremendous stability on the

surface. This combined with the Tritons excellent freeboard (distance

between the waterline and the hatch) allows the submersible to be

launched and recovered without the pilot or passengers eliminating

many of the risks associated with manned launch and recovery. Crew

and passenger changes take place in the water via rigid inatable.

The occupants aboard the inatable transfer to the Tritons large back

deck and climb into the hatch making the rotation of crew and guests

both safe and simple. The combination of ample freeboard and su-

perior surface stability also dramatically reduce the risk of swamping

(water entering through the hatch at the surface).

The transition from the surface to being fully submerged is the time

when a submersible is least stable. Crossing the interface rapidly is

important, particularly in rough conditions in order to minimize loss of

stability. Triton submarines vent fully and are 100% submerged within

15-20 seconds of opening vents. This is in strong contrast to the 90-

120 seconds that some competing submersibles require.

Entanglement in monofilament lines, fishing nets and other under-

water items while uncommon, is a risk that every submersible faces

during operation. The fully transparent acrylic pressure hull of a Triton

provides the pilot and passengers with unmatched, forward, lateral,

upward and downward visibility which dramatically reduces the risk

of entanglement or collision. Tritons are also designed with rounded

edges and very few protrusions, further reducing entanglement risk.


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Experience the competition then buy a Triton

MINIMUM WEIGHT, VOLUME & FOOTPRINT

Deck space is at a premium aboard a yacht and the smallest Tritons

compact design is only 10 feet LOA, less than half of most competitors

submersibles. This means the sub stows easily and is signicantly eas-

ier to launch and recover.

TRANSPARENT PASSENGER COMPARTMENT

The main reason for owning a submersible is to experience the incred-

ible diversity of the ocean world and to do that you have to be able to

see out of the sub effectively. The Tritons totally transparent passenger

compartment provides unsurpassed viewing for the occupants.

SUPERIOR SURFACE STABILITY & FREEBOARD

The catamaran conguration of the Triton results in unequalled surfacestability making it easy for the occupants to get in and out of the sub

while it is in the water. The top mounted entrance hatch provides more

freeboard (distance from the waterline to the hatch) than any other small

submersible. The combination of surface stability and freeboard repre-

sent the single most important safety factor in submersible operations.

SIMPLE LAUNCH & RECOVERY REQUIREMENTS

Unlike many submarines where the hatch cannot be opened with the

sub in the water and the occupants have to be loaded into the sub on

deck, the Triton can be entered in the water, from the yacht, a tender, or

even a jet ski. The Triton does not require an expensive, elaborate, man-

rated launch and recovery system, making it far more cost effective to

own and operate.

UNSURPASSED FORWARD/DOWNWARD VISIBILITY

When you are cruising in a submersible underwater the best view is for-

ward and down. No sub in the world gives you better viewing and gets

you closer to the reef in front, and the sea oor below.

DIGITAL TOUCH SCREEN CONTROL & MONITORING

A highly sophisticated and proprietary digital touch screen control, navi-

gation, and monitoring system makes Triton uniquely easy to operate and

reduces pilot workload. Embedded checklists, automated alarms and an

advanced autopilot system improve safety.

THREE AXIS JOYSTICK CONTROLS

Digital proportional joystick control coupled to thrusters that move the sub-

mersible in all three axes provides for unsurpassed intuitive maneuverability.

INDUSTRYS MOST ADVANCED TRAINING & SUPPORT

Triton submersibles are simple and intuitive to operate and Triton will help

ensure that every dive is a success with its comprehensive training and

support system. Every owner is contractually obligated to have an oper-

ator successfully complete our in-house pilot and maintenance training

program, which sets the industry standard for effectiveness. Customer

support is also available 24/7.


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Phase 2: Triton Simulator Instruction and Diving

Conducted concurrently with Phase 1, Phase 2 gives the trainee

the opportunity to drill for skill in a safe environment. During

instructed simulator time, the pilot trainee will learn everything

required to conduct safe diving operations including:

Pre-dive checklist

Pre-dive passenger brieng

Diving and surfacing procedures

Pilot and surface ofcercommunication protocols

Control & monitoring systems operation

Phase 1: Systems Orientation & Familiarization

A thorough working knowledge of the parts and systems

of a submersible is required to prepare a pilot for any

potential situation. Conducted at our Vero Beach manufac-

turing facility over a two-week period, this phase involves the

trainee participating in the nal assembly or annual survey

of a Triton submersible. In addition, classroom and self-study

time is used to help hone the pilot trainees knowledge.

At the end of Phase 1, the trainee will have a solid working

knowledge of the parts and systems of a Triton submersible.

Life support systems operation Navigation & positioning systems operation

Emergency procedures Touch screen interface operation

Backup and mechanical systems operation Troubleshooting using Phase 1 knowledge

Phase 3: Open Water Training

Open water training gives the pilot trainee the opportunity to ne-

tune the skills acquired during systems orientation and familiarization

and simulator training but in a real world environment. Conducted

at sea over a ten to fourteen day period,the pilot trainee will do a

minimum of twenty dives as pilot in command with a qualied Triton

instructor. The same elements covered in simulator training wi ll be

combined with launch and recovery,su pport vessel crew interactiondaily maintenance and in-mission troubleshooting.Up on conclusion

Phase 3, the pilot will be issued a certicate of completion and is full

qualied to operate the specic Triton submersible.

TRITON SIMULATOR

An exact replica of a Triton cockpit, the Triton simulator is a key part of every Triton pilots training. Piloting

a submersible is not just about being able to maneuver it. For example, to a well-trained pilot, maneuver-

ing the sub, communication protocols, passenger interaction and emergency procedures are all second

nature. The best way to reach this level of uency is by diving in a controlled environment where every

imaginable scenario can be repeated over and over without risk. Ample simulator time ensures that each

and every Triton pilot trainee is completely capable in all aspects of dive operations prior to taking their

rst open water dive. Triton is the only company in the world with a deep submersible simulator.

COMPREHENSIVE PILOT TRAINING a Triton Exclusive

Tritons industry-leading three phase pilot training program has

created some of the worlds most capable deep submersible pilots.

Tritons master instructors have each logged tens of thousands of

hours and thousands of submersible dives in every conceivable

environment from recreational diving to oil eld work from the

Cayman Islands to the seas of Japan, our team has done it all.

Their experience is passed on to Triton pilot trainees in each of the

following three phases:


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The Deep Ocean is no place for compromi

Location & Facilities

Tritons manufacturing facility is located in Vero Beach, Florida just off

Interstate 95. Triton builds new submersibles and performs rets and rou-

tine maintenance at the Vero Beach location. Tritons electrical team de-

signs, prints and populates the circuit boards for Triton electrical systems

in addition to assembling the internal and external electrical components

in the electronics workshop. Pneumatic and hydraulic systems are also

assembled and tested on site. The Vero Beach manufacturing facility is

home to the worlds only private submersible simulator, an integral part

of Tritons comprehensive pilot training program. Triton welcomes visitors

and would be happy to arrange a tour for you.


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Patrick Lahey, President

Patrick Lahey began diving in 1975 and has over 30 years of com -

mercial diving and underwater experience earned from his involvement

in a diverse range of projects in the North Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Pacic

and Caribbean.

During his career, Patrick has participated in the design, engineering,

manufacture and testing of numerous underwater vehicles and sys-

tems including 48 manned submersibles. He is a fully qualied air,

mixed-gas and bell-saturation diver with a background in electronics

and instrumentation.

As a project manager, he has been responsible for the coordination,

budgeting and timely delivery of several tourist, scientic/lm subma-

rines and motor yachts. Mr. Lahey has authored multiple operating,

maintenance and training manuals and implemented the procedures

they contain in the eld.

Mr. Lahey is the co-founder and President of Triton Submarines andis responsible for the development of this companys entire range of

yacht based manned submersibles, which feature exceptional viewing,

simplicity of operation, reliability, ease of maintenance and safety.

Mr. Lahey is the senior on site executive and is responsible for day-to-

day operations at Tritons Vero Beach facility where he manages theconstruction of all Triton submarines. He is the co-founder and pres-

ident of Triton Multimedia Productions, Triton Energy Systems, Triton

Specialty Vessels and Triton Submarine Charters.

With more combined submersible experience than any other company on planet earth, we know what a submersible must be able to do.

Testing, testing and more testing...

nobody does more testing either

on-land or under the sea than Triton.


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The HSC 20m is a luxurious Triton Tender designed for nearshore operations. This

65 high-speed catamaran can take you and your Triton to the best dive spots at

speeds of up to 18 knots. An integrated launch and recovery system allows the

sub to be easily launched from between the hulls. Al l of the necessary support

equipment is elegantly incorporated in the design and nice accommodations are

available aboard for the operators and guests.

Brilliant Boats

High speed catamaran,commercial grade welded aluminum construction

Fast and seaworthy,comfort at all speeds, highly economical operation, accomodates large groups comfortably,shallow draft design

LOA :21.5m, LWL:19.6m, Beam:10.1m, Draft: 1m (fully loaded)

1 x Triton 3300/3 (shown) or 1 x Triton 3300/2

Submarine launch and recovery system with dedicatedhangar and electrical vertical lift system

Accommodation - Day 10-16,overnight 2-4

7000 liters diesel, 1200 liters water

2 x Yanmar 8SY-900 hp with 2 x Hamilton Waterjet - HM 521

Cruise at 14 knots for 1500 nautical miles,maximum 18 knots

HSC 20 mHigh Speed Catamaran

. . . . . . . . . . design

. . . . . . . . . . vessel type

. . . . . . . . . . characteristics

size

. . . . . submarines

. . . . specialized equipment

. . . . . accommodations

fuel & oil tankage

power

range/speed


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The Triton 95 is conceived along a different route to most offshore cruising power-

boats. The brief was simple: a robust, efcient vessel to carry a crew and a Triton

3300/2 submarine around the world. Building from a large amount of experience

in sailing boat design the design quickly evolved into a long, lean streamlined

vessel, heavily orientated towards efciency and sea-keeping ability. This narrow

hull form coupled with a long water line length gives exceptional performance

gures with extremely low power requirements and ocean spanning range. This

hull geometry and the gyroscopic stabilisation system combine to provide an in-

comparable ride quality and safety in even extreme conditions.

The Triton 95 breaks new ground in terms of economy of operation, comfort and

speed all whilst delivering you and your crew safely to the ends of the earth.

LRS 95 95 ftLaunch & Recovery Ship

The Triton 95 is a long,narrow, gyrostabilized steel-hulled vessel with extremelyhigh levels of sea-keeping comfort,safety and efficiency.

. . . . . . . . . . design

. . . . . . . . . . vessel type


size



. . . . . accommodations

fuel & oil tankage

power

range/speed

Bury Design

Steel hulled,aluminium deckhouse,monohull

Gyroscopically stabilized giving excellent seakeeping and comfort at sea, high efciency and speed,cost effective build,robust structure

95 LOA

1 x Triton 3300/2

Submarine launch and recovery system with dedicatedhangar and electrical vertical lift system

8 in 4 cabins

20,000 liters diesel,1000 liters water

2 x 230 hp diesel engines driving single CPP

Cruise 5OOO nm at 12.5 knots,max 9000 nm


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This vessel was developed from the Triton 95 and is a continuation of the themes

of efciency, comfort and extreme seakeeping from this original design. The long,

narrow, gyroscopically stabilized vessel is an easily driven stable platform suitable

for extended offshore missions.

The integrated mobile A-frame crane system allows the large aft deck area to be

easily serviced for the handling of submarines and other heavy equipment. The

forward accommodation area is substantial and can b e tailored to suit the mission

and requirements of the vessel.

. . . . . . . . . . design

. . . . . . . . . . vessel type


size



accommodations

fuel & oil tankage

power

range/speed

Bury Design

Steel hulled,aluminium deckhouse,monohull

Gyroscopically stabilized giving excellent seakeeping and comfort at sea, high efciency and speed,cost effective build,robust structure

54m (177) LOA x 8.9m (29.2) beam

2 x Triton 36000/3 or 2 x Triton 3300/3

Mobile deck A-frame crane, hydraulic deck crane

10 crew in 5 cabins,captains cabin,2 x VIP cabins, mission congurable main deck

100,000 litres

2 x 1000 hp azipods (electric)

5150 nm at 15.5 knots


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U.S. Submarine Structures, LLC

Related Companies & Products

U.S. Submarines, Inc.

U.S. Submarines designs, manufactures and rets civil submarines. The

companys primary focus is on tourist and large diesel-electric personal

luxury submarines. As a recognized leader in the tourist submarine in -

dustry, U.S. Submarines offers consulting services to a worldwide clien-

tele. Designs like the transparent hulled DeepView tourist submersible

and the passagemaking Seattle 1000 luxury submarine are reective of

U.S. Submarines commitment to design quality and innovation.

The revolutionary transparent-hulledDeepView Tourist Submarine.

The time has long since passed when mankind developed the technology

necessary to build permanent one-atmosphere undersea habitats. U.S.

Submarine Structures has invested the time and capital required to fully

engineer the worlds rst seaoor resort as well as the worlds rst un-

dersea residence, the H2ome. U.S. Submarine Structures also designs,

engineers and builds custom subsea and oating structures suitable for

a wide array of applications.

The H2ome represents the worlds

first undersea residence.Because the

entire undersea structure is at surface

pressure,there is no diving or

decompression necessary

to inhabit this wondrous

luxury sea floor residence.

1. Dining area with undersea lounge

2. Upstairs bedrooms with surface skylights

3. Eco-friendly construction

4. Tranquilundersea master suite

H2omes main floor layout at right.

Bedroom,dining room and library top right.


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Poseidon Undersea Resorts (Fiji) LLC is making history by designing, build-

ing, installing and operating the worlds rst luxury sea oor eco-resort.

The Poseidon Undersea Resort will be a unique, exclusive,

seven-star destination located at a private island in Fiji. This one-of-a-kind

resort will be built under 40 feet of water (13m) and will be connected to

land by two piers with access and egress from elevators in each end-unit.


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Triton Submarine Charters, LLCTriton Submarine Charters, LLC (TSC) offers Triton submersibles for char-

ter worldwide. TSC can containerize and ship its submersibles to the most

remote locations and can also provide a support vessel at the customers

request. All charters are fully staffed by qualied Triton personnel and each

submersible can be customized to meet the mission objectives. TSC is the

only service of its kind in the world.


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The Triton Equipped Charter Yacht Advantage

Capture your unfair share of the charter market

The luxury yacht charter business is becoming increasingly competitive as

more and more owners are turning to charter to offset operational expens -

es. The global recession has also caused potential buyers to select charter

as a more cost effective way to experience the luxury yachting lifestyle.

While this would typically bode well for charter yacht owners, the signicant

increase in the size of the global charter eet continues to dramatically out-

strip charter sales growth leaving owners with the difcult task of remaining

competitive without slashing prices to unprotable levels. Placing a Triton

aboard your vessel will ensure that you are uniquely positioned to provide

yacht owners with a charter amenity that effectively addresses the

market demand for a o ne-of-a-kind charter experience. Triton Subma-

rine Charters, LLC can also help you charter your Triton independently

of your vessel. For more information contact: [email protected]

Adventure Tours to the Deepest Spot in the Ocean

The fastest growing segment in the travel industry is adventure

travel. High-end travelers are seeking unique experiences in re-

mote locations and boutique travel agencies are serving up an

amazing variety of trips.

Divers traveling to Challenger Deep within the transparent glass hull of the

Triton 36000/3 would secure their place in history among the most elite

group of adventurers in the world. Only three men have ever been to the

oceans deepest realm.

As the owner of a Triton 36000/3, you will be in a position to offer the

most unique adventure travel excursions in the world commanding

prices up to $250,000 per dive. For more information contact marc@

tritonsubs.com.

Triton Submarine Charters, LLC (TSC) can turn

your yacht charter into the adventure of a life-

time. Triton submersibles are now available

for charter and can be shipped to any location

worldwide. Triton can also source support ves-

sels in most locations. Well take care of every-

thing including providing the pilot, technician

and operations staff for charters of any duration.

A great adventure requires great planning. TSC has partnered with the worlds lead-

ing adventure travel service, Henry Cookson Adventures. From the mountains of Alaska

to the Deserts of Namibia, Henry Cookson has created lifetime memories for a distin -

guished clientele. Now Triton and Henry Cookson can help you take your adventure to the

next level by exploring the deep ocean in places where no man has ever been before.

Just recently Triton provided two submersibles for a private expedition to Antarctica,

marking the rst time in history that civil submersibles have dived off the southern-

most continent. For more information, contact [email protected].


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The information contained in this document is intended as an introduction

to submersible ownership and it is provided by the worlds most experi-

enced group when it comes to civil submersible and submarine design,

engineering and operations. If you are interested in owning the worlds

most advanced luxury deep submersible we can assist you with any or

all aspects of the integration process. Typically, the earlier you contact us,

the smoother the integration cycle.

We at Triton hope youve found the information weve provided both in-

teresting and useful. Many thanks for your time and kind consideration.

Acknowledgements

For many of the images used in this brochure we would like to thank:

Global Underwater Explorers, South Florida Dive Journal, David Rhea,

Sandra Compain and the Discovery Channel.

Acrylic Commonly known by the brand name Plexiglas, acrylic

is the material used in the 1000, 3300 and 5500 foot-rated Triton

pressure hulls. Acrylics refractive properties are almost identical to

water making the hull virtually invisible when submerged.

Altitude The distance from the ocean bottom to the bottom of the

submersible.

Ambient Pressure The pressure of the surrounding environment.

Ambient pressure submersibles are designed such that the pressure

in the passenger compartment is equal to the water pressure at a

given depth. Triton submersibles do not have ambient pressure hulls.

The passenger compartment of every Triton model remains at surface

pressure regardless of depth. The strength of the hull keeps water out

rather than a balance in pressure.

Annual Survey- An annual inspection required by ABS (or other

classicat ion agencies) to keep a submersible in class. Thi s helps en-

sure safe operation and continued insurability of the submersible.

Atmosphere (atm)A unit of measure used to describe water pres-

sure at various depths. Pressure begins at sea level at 1 atm and in-

creases by 1 atm for every 10 meters of depth (about 33 feet).

Ballast Any material used to control buoyancy and stability.

Ballast Tanks A oodable volume on a submersible used to control

buoyancy and on occasion, stability.

BIBS Built In Breathing System A SCUBA regulator capable of sup -

plying breathing air.

Glossary of Terms

ABS American Bureau of Shipping. ABS is a classication agency

with over 20 years of experience with submersible classication. ABS

is the preferred agency for every major tourist submersible operation

in the world. ABS classed submersibles have been carrying about 1

million passengers per year for over 20 years with no major injuries

or fatalities making an ABS classed sub statistically the safest form of

transportation in the world.

A-Frame As the name implies, an A-Frame is an A shaped, box

construction lifting system that is installed via pivoting anchors on the

port and starboard sides on the stern of a vessel.


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lowered via a winch or by actuating the hydraulic cylinders attached

to the boom. A variation of this type of crane is an extending boom

crane featuring a boom which can be extended and retracted during

operation for increased versatility.

Crane (Knuckle Boom) Similar to the xed boom crane with theadded ability of the boom to articulate at one or more joints.

Critical dimensional check A test of inspection of safety critical

dimensions of the structure of a submersible, such as the hull roundness

or circularity.

DavitDa vit systems (often used for life rafts) make use of two pivotingarms working together (systems for lighter equipment can use a single

arm). The arms pivot outward moving the load away from the vessel andthe load is then lowered to the water on cables.

Depth Rating The maximum depth for safe operation of a particular

submersible/submarine.

Drop Weight SystemAn on board safety system that consists of aweight attached to the exostructure, which may be released to provide

positive buoyancy and rapid ascent in the event of an emergency.

DVLDoppler Velocity Log

Dynamic Launch and Recovery Launch or recovery of a sub-

mersible while the support vessel is underway. Typically performed inrougher seas to minimize pitch and roll.

ESCBA Emergen cy Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

ExostructureThe structural framewo rk on the exterior of the sub.

Flag (or Flag State)The country/region where a vessel is registered.

Floodable CompartmentAn area on a submersible designed to be

ooded/purged during normal operation.

Floodable VolumeAny area on a submersible that conta ins air (pas-senger compartment, air tanks, variable ballast tanks, external electrical

junction box, battery pods etc.).

Freeboard The distance between the waterline and the hatch of a sub.

Hazard analysis A systematic and comprehensive engineeringanalysis of the systems, equipment, operational procedures of the sub-

mersible as well as the environment in which it operates, intended toidentify all hazards including their causes and effects.

Gantry A lifting system that is typically ceiling/overhead mounted, agantry is a rail system that travels in and out carrying the load with it.Some Gantries utilize a xed rail system with a center carousel that trav-

els along the rails.

GaragAn enclosed compar tment on a vessel where a submersible orother tenders etc. are stored.

Hatch The through hull penetration in a submersible through whichpassengers enter and exit.

HeadingThe direction of travel (typically given in compass degrees)of a submersible or vessel.

HP High Pressure


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PayloadThe amount of weight a submersible can carry

(including passengers).

Penetrator The connector used in through hull penetrations (at thepoint of penetration) for hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical systems ona submersible.

PilotThe submersibles crewmember that controls the dive and is re -sponsible for the vehicle and all occupants.

Pitch The degree of slope or angle of a vessel (lengthwise).

Platform LARSA hydraulicall y driven platform typically at the rear ofthe vessel which is lowered into the water with the submersible. Recov-ery is accomplished by steering the submersible onto the platform andthen raising it.

PLC Programmable Logic Controller

Position The location of a vessel expressed in longitude and latitudeor range and bearing.

Pressure Hull The hull of a submarine capable of withsta nding thedifference between outside and inside p ressure.

Pressure Vessel for Human Occupancy (PVHO)In engineer-ing terms, a class of tank designed, fabricated, inspected, and tested toaccommodate personnel under pressure or vacuum.

Re-breather (see also ESCBA) A device designed for use byone person and intended to provide emergency air supply requirementsfor occupants aboard the submersible in the event of fouled atmosphere.

Recovery To lift a submersible from the surrounding water ontoa support ship.

Reserve AirHP air in excess of the amount required for operationwithin a subs normal operational endurance.

Reserve OxygenStored O2 in excess of the amount required foroperation within a subs normal operational endurance.

RIB Rigid Inatable Boat (Zodiac is a well known brand of RIB)

Roll The degree of angle or slope of a vessel from side to side.

ROV Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle

Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) passenger ship safety certificateAn international certicate issued under the SOLAS convention by the

government under whose ag a vessel is sailing. All signatory govern -ments agree that vessels they certify will be in compliance with SOLASregulations governing ship safety. The U.S. Coast Guard makes controlverication Inspections to verify that foreign ag vessels operating in U. S.Ports comply with SOLAS regulations.

Safety Plan A comprehensive review of a systems hardware and

operations intended to improve the identication, analysis and elimina-tion or control of hazards. This review is broader in scope than a hazardanalysis and includes that analysis as input. It brings the organizationalexperience to bear on the subject system.

Scrubber A n on-board life support system component that removes

(scrubs) CO2 from the atmosphere in the submersible to maintain theconcentration of that gas at a level consistent with supporting life.

Documents

Triton Master Brochure