TRIAD OF IRONTRIAD OF IRONIron - Fe Iron - Fe

Cobalt - Co Cobalt - Co Nickel -NiNickel -Ni

Veronika MařákováVeronika Mařáková

Gabriela KalčíkováGabriela Kalčíková

Petra ŽenatováPetra Ženatová

Iron - FeIron - Fe

** Atomic Number: Atomic Number: 2626 ** Atomic Mass: Atomic Mass: 55.84555.845 ** Melting Point: Melting Point: 1535.0 °C1535.0 °C ** Boiling Point: Boiling Point: 2750.0 °C2750.0 °C ** Crystal Structure: Crystal Structure: CubicCubic ** Density 293 K: Density 293 K: 7.86 g/cm37.86 g/cm3 ** Color: Color: SilverySilvery ** Date of Discovery: Date of Discovery: Known to the Known to the

ancientsancients ** Discoverer: Discoverer: UnknownUnknown ** Name Origin: Name Origin: LatinLatin ** Symbol Origin: Symbol Origin: From the Latin word From the Latin word

ferrum ferrum (iron) (iron)

Obtained FromObtained From iron ores iron ores

► HematiteHematite

► MagnetiteMagnetite

► PyritePyrite

CompoundsCompounds► 2 major series of chemical compounds 2 major series of chemical compounds the bivalent iron (II)the bivalent iron (II) the trivalent iron (III) the trivalent iron (III)

For example:For example:► FeSO4.7H2O ferrous sulfate heptahydrate FeSO4.7H2O ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (green vitriol)(green vitriol)► FeCl3.6H2O ferric chloride hexahydrate FeCl3.6H2O ferric chloride hexahydrate ► Fe2O3 ferric oxide Fe2O3 ferric oxide ► KFe2(CN)6 prussian blueKFe2(CN)6 prussian blue

Using Using

**

hemoglobin hemoglobin

UsingUsing steel industrysteel industry

Forms of ironForms of iron

►Pig iron Pig iron 4-5% carbon, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus4-5% carbon, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus

►Cast iron Cast iron 2-4%carbon, 1-6% silicon, manganese2-4%carbon, 1-6% silicon, manganese

►Carbon steel Carbon steel 0,5 and 1,5% carbon, manganese, 0,5 and 1,5% carbon, manganese, sulfur, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon phosphorus, silicon

►Wrought iron Wrought iron 0,2% carbon0,2% carbon ►Alloy steels Alloy steels chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum,

nickel, tungstennickel, tungsten

► Iron (III) Iron (III) use in magnetic storage in computers use in magnetic storage in computers

VocabularyVocabulary

alloy – slitinaalloy – slitina

pig iron – surové železopig iron – surové železo

cast iron – litinacast iron – litina

wrought iron – tvářené železowrought iron – tvářené železo

alloy steels – legovaná ocelalloy steels – legovaná ocel

blast furnace – vysoká pecblast furnace – vysoká pec

CobaltCobalt

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

►NameName: cobalt : cobalt ►SymbolSymbol: Co : Co ►Atomic numberAtomic number: 27 : 27 ►Atomic weightAtomic weight: 58.933200 : 58.933200 ►Group numberGroup number: 9 : 9 ►Period number: 4 Period number: 4 ►Block: d-block Block: d-block

Number of Energy Levels: 4

First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 15 Fourth Energy Level: 2

Physical and chemical Physical and chemical characteristicscharacteristics

►Standard state: solid at 298 K Standard state: solid at 298 K ►Colour: lustrous, metallic, greyish tinge Colour: lustrous, metallic, greyish tinge ►Classification: Metallic Classification: Metallic ►AvailabilityAvailability: cobalt is available in many : cobalt is available in many

forms including pieces, powder, rod, and forms including pieces, powder, rod, and wire. wire.

►Reactivity Reactivity :is lower then Fe,doesn´t :is lower then Fe,doesn´t corrode, dissolves in inorganic corrode, dissolves in inorganic acids,reacts at high temperature with acids,reacts at high temperature with oxygenoxygen

Appaerance and ApplicationAppaerance and Application

►Cobalt is present in meteorites. OreCobalt is present in meteorites. Ore deposits are found in Zaire, Morocco deposits are found in Zaire, Morocco and Canada and Canada

►Compounds of cobalt were used to Compounds of cobalt were used to colorate glasscolorate glass

►Cobalt is used for production of special Cobalt is used for production of special steelsteel

DictionaryDictionary

►available-dosažitelnýavailable-dosažitelný►rod-prutrod-prut►wire-drátwire-drát►oore-rudare-ruda►deposits-uloženydeposits-uloženy

Sources:www.periodictable.com ,www.answears.com,extension inorganic chemistry

NickelNickel

► Chemical Symbol: NiChemical Symbol: Ni► Atomic Number: 28  Atomic Number: 28  ► Weight: 58.71Weight: 58.71► Melting Point: 1 455 ºCMelting Point: 1 455 ºC► Boiling Point: 2 730 ºCBoiling Point: 2 730 ºC► Density: 8.90 g/cmDensity: 8.90 g/cm33 at 25 at 25 ºCºC► Electron configuration: [Ar] 3dElectron configuration: [Ar] 3d88 4s 4s22

NickelNickel

► The name nickel comes from the The name nickel comes from the German word "kupfernickel" German word "kupfernickel" meaning Devil's copper or Old meaning Devil's copper or Old Nicholas's copper. Nicholas's copper.

► Nickel was used by the Chinese Nickel was used by the Chinese in naturally occuring nickel-in naturally occuring nickel-copper alloys for over two copper alloys for over two thousand years.thousand years.

► In 1751 Swedish chemist, Alex In 1751 Swedish chemist, Alex Frederic Constedt, isolated the Frederic Constedt, isolated the metal from niccolite ore.metal from niccolite ore.

Chinese nickel-copper candlesticks

Ni – Ni – chemicalchemical propertiesproperties

► in in period 4, group 10 of the period. tableperiod 4, group 10 of the period. table► is transition metal is transition metal ► in compounds is almost exclusively in the in compounds is almost exclusively in the

+2 oxidation state+2 oxidation state► mmany nickel compounds dissolve fairly easy any nickel compounds dissolve fairly easy

in water and have a green color in water and have a green color ► it forms compounds (it forms compounds (↑t) ↑t) with B, Si, P, S and with B, Si, P, S and

halogenshalogens

Ni – physical properties and Ni – physical properties and usesuses

► silvery white, magnetic metal, hard, silvery white, magnetic metal, hard, corrosion resistant, high electrical and corrosion resistant, high electrical and thermal conductivities thermal conductivities

► is alloyed with other metals to improve is alloyed with other metals to improve their strength and resistance to corrosiontheir strength and resistance to corrosion

► is also used to manufacture some types of is also used to manufacture some types of coins and batteriescoins and batteries

► a single kilogram of nickel can be drawn a single kilogram of nickel can be drawn into 300 kilometers of wireinto 300 kilometers of wire

Ni – dictionaryNi – dictionary

The Big Nickel in Sudbury, Ontario,

Devil's copperDevil's copper – ďáblova měď – ďáblova měď

Naturally occuringNaturally occuring – vyskytující se v přírodě – vyskytující se v přírodě

CandlestickCandlestick - svícen - svícen

Niccolite oreNiccolite ore – NiAs ruda – NiAs ruda

Transition metalTransition metal – přechodný kov – přechodný kov

CoinsCoins - mince - mince

WireWire - drát - drát

Stainless steelStainless steel – nerezavějící ocel – nerezavějící ocel

Dissolve fairly easyDissolve fairly easy – rozpouští vcelku – rozpouští vcelku lehcelehce