or the LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETYEDITOR

June Preston832 Sunset Dr.

Lawrence. KS 66044U.S.A.

No.1 Jan./Feb. 1986

11. J.e.E. Riotte12. Eduardo Welling M.13. Boyce Drummond

6. Ed Knudson7. Ross Layberry8. Mo Nielsen9. Andy Beck10. Dave Winter

Zone Coordinator.

1. Ken Philip2. Jon Shepard3. Bob Langston4. Ray Stanford5. Dick Rosche

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Art DIrectorLes SielskiRipplesJo Brewer

_._ _ ., _ _.., _ ., _ ..

Presidential ProfileClifford D. Ferris, of the University of Wyomi ng, is

currently serving as President of the Lepidopterists'Society. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania wherehe began collecting insects at the age of nine. Hisearly interest in entomology was encouraged by variousstaff members at the Academy of Natural Sciences inPhiladelphia including E. T. Cresson and J. W. H. Rehn,and while in high school through correspondence withWilliam Beebe at the American Museum of NaturalHistory, and Harry Clench at Carnegie Museum whosubsequently became a good friend. Cliff received theB.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering in 1957and 1958, respectively, from the University ofPennsylvania. He earned his D.Sc. in 1962 from theGeorge Washi ngton Universi ty and entered an academiccareer in the field of Electrical Engineering and the

newly-emergi ng di scipline of Bioengineeri ng. Afterholding appointments at Drexel University and theUniversity of Maryland, he moved to the University ofWyoming in 1968, where he is Director of theBioengineering Program and Professor of ElectricalEngineering. During 1973-74 he served as Acting Dean ofthe College of Engineering. In addition to teaching, hisuniversity activities include design of specialized medicalelectronic instrumentation for diagnostic and therapeuticapp licat ions.

Summers and holidays are occupied withlepidopterological pursuits. Although Cliff maintains ageneral reference collection of North AmericanLepidoptera and some exotic material, his major interestslie with the arctic and arctic-alpine fauna. He hastraveled over the arctic regions from northern Labradorto Alaska seeking elusive species. He has also hikedand backpacked into many remote areas of the RockyMountains looking for relict species.

Dr. Ferris is author or co-author of more than 200scientific papers and monographs, and five books,including Butterflies of the Rocky Mountain States,co-edited with F. Martin Brown. His first entomologicalpublication was in Entomological News in 1951 - on adragonfly!

Cliff's service to the Lepidopterists' Societyincludes: Member-at-Large of the Executive Council,1978-81; Vice President, 1982; Common Names Committee,1980 to present; Chairman, Committee on Nomenclature(including revision of Memoir #2), 1982 to present; hostfor 1982 Annual Meeting in Laramie.

Dr. Ferris is a member of the Board of Directors ofthe Xerces Society and also serves as a Chief Counsellorof that organization. Cliff is a past president and amember of the Board of Directors of the Rocky MountainBioengineering Symposium, Inc. He is a Fellow of theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science andholds memberships in the New York Academy of Sciences,the Maryland Entomological Society, the Pacific CoastEntomological Society, and various engineeringsocieties. Cliff is also a Research Associate of theAllyn Museum of Entomology/Florida State Museum, of theDepartment of Entomology of the Los Angeles CountyMuseum of Natural History, and of the Florida StateCollection of Arthropods.

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APPRA ISALS OF LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTlOR;, Part II

In the JUly/Aug 1985 (it4) issue of NEWS,mentioned that 18 factors of appraisal are involved infinancially evaluating a collection. Let's examine eachbriefly - some of you may have overlooked factors thatyou could upgrade.

MECHANICS 2f APPRAISAL: I place a base value ona specimen depending on the first and second factorsbelow and then add positive or subtract negative amountsas I proceed with the evaluation.

I. LOCATION: The ORIGIN of the species isfittingly the initial factor. The starting point is $1.50for a standard pinned, spread North American specimenand $1.85 for a foreign one.

2. flllN-llKi: A specimen is pinned, papered orlayered. Some small moths are pinned unspread whencaught (trapp ed) to avoid rehandli ng. Riker mounti ng isspread, unpinned but the usual collection consists ofspread, pinned specimens and specimens individuallypapered or layered (as in sandwich boxes). An unpinnedunspread specimen receives a substantial markdown fromthe pinned one. Boxing occurs When extensive collectingis done and a single label is placed on the box with thecomplete appropriate data. This technique is lessvaluable than individual papering. We always spread thebest specimens!

3. QUALITY: I use 5 levels of quality - MIA, mintexpupa; lA, top netted; lA-, standard netted; 2A,chipped, damaged, smudged; 3A, elderly, 50% off; acommercial MIA is usually not only a butterfly but alsoa work of art. Very valuable!

4. PREPARATION: Poor preparation can devalue anoutstanding collection, needlessly! Proper preparation isyour contribution to the value of your collection. Thedried butterfly is fragile and never forget it.Preparation starts from netti ng, through squeezi ng,papering, killing, storing, relaxing, spreading, removingfrom boards, displaying and protecting from pests. Ifyou make any mistakes - from the time you place the pinincorrectly to finally leaving the spread species in a"pesty" box in a damp place - you can only hurt (ordestroy) your collection. Outstanding specimensoutstandingly prepared multiply the value.

5. DAIA: Specific (subspecies) naming and location.Information (on the pin as opposed to a key it in ajournal) should permanently accompany each specimen. Irealize most museums have specimens in named unit traysbut it is fairly simple for the original collector to addan additional label on the pin when he (she) hasdetermined the species and subspecies. I write the nameon the underside of the original label or a cue name ifthe label is too small for the full nami ng. Anyway, aspecimen with no data is merely a beautiful example ofnature. A lack of data is a heavy NEGATIVE value.Noting the continent is of some academic value but notas valuable as "100 yds north of the bridge on Hwy 5 - 2mi west of Bridgeport, Calif. E1. 3800". Record the data,accurately - place, date and collector.

6. ARRANGEMENT: This value variant requires theuse of basic textbooks; a large intercontinentalcollection requires an extensive library to determinebreakdown of species to subspecies. The arrangementshould be upgraded as genera and species names arechanged. The arrangement should be by genera withinfamilies, separated into the world divisions if extensive.If Heterocera is mixed intercontinentally with Pier idsmixed with Nymphalids mixed with Lycaenids, it makes ittoo difficult for even the experienced museum curator,buyer, and especially the professional appraiser tovalidly evaluate. Keep your collection In some scientificorder as you add to it!

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7. GENDER BAIlQ.: I have appraised collectionswhere the females are almost non-existent and this is aminus factor. The optimum ratio would be 1 male to 1female but few collections approach th is level. Anacceptable proportion would be 3 or 4 males to onefemale.

8. DIFFERENT SPECIES HJJM!1ER: A 5000 specimencollection of one half Cabbage butterflies and one halfPainted ladies in outstanding condition could be valuableunder the first 7 factors but would stub its toe on thisrequirement. What is a 5000 specimen, common 2 speciescollection worth? Not too much! On the other hand if2500 were QrnWBW-Ull fllexl!~ and the other half~ homerus, break out the computer and don't tellanyone where you keep them! If you have 1050 (plussubspecies) of the 1100 species of North Americabutterflies, your almos t comp lete collection wou Id behighly prized, praised and appraised.

9. MUSEUM YAlJill.: A museum most covets thespecies it doesn't have, so determine the needs of themuseum you will be donati ng your collection to, andcatch those to increase the "museum" factor. But ofcourse we don't always know this ahead of time. Themuseum factor is usually invoked when the collector hasample numbers of rare or extremely rare series ofindividual species that provides the museum researcherwith a sufficient sample spread for comparison. A onespecimen sample doesn't usually lead to validconclusions. The collector must constantly remember thebutterfly (moth) is often var iable and that he shou ldprovide the researcher - or (even more importantly) thedescriber, with a series of specimens of sufficient qualityso that he is not required to describe from a singlespecimen that may not be typical at all but possibly atthe extreme edge of that species' variability. Themuseum (or study) factor is not involked in a collectionof single pairs of many different species, although thecollection may be more valuable commercially or in itsrarity. The comparison factor must be possible for theadded museum credit, unless the (small) museum doesn'thave any of the specimens at all!

10. RARITY: Most of us know that if we are therewhen the butterfly is there in large numbers, it is notrare. Two or three weeks later, however, they mayappear to be extinct by their total absence. If thebutterfly (moth) is confined to one small locality on theentire earth, single brooded, in small numbers - that'svery rare and HIGH in value - f.lw.il.i.Q homerus inJamaica, Lycaena heteronea clara in West Los Angeles,etc. Rare and very rare represent the two degrees ofrarity. See 11 next.

11. OCIENTlFIC: Types, topo, para, gynandromorphs,historical specimens, uniques, aberrants, extinct,protected, intergenera matings, endangered (not toomany!) species - represent valuable additions.

12. QQMMERCIAL: Specimens are collected in fourways - wrought, sought, caught or bought! I f you havethe time and you can raise the specimen, What God hath"wrought" gives you the mint lA specimens; you can tradewith other collectors for what you seek; you can catchthem yourself; or, if you can justify the cost to yourwife, you can buy entire collections or at least yourpreferred family or genera! Commercial catalogues fromlep dealers all over the world are available for theasking (or a small fee) and a valid value of a popularbutterfly can be determined from an average of theirofferings i.e. flulil.i.Q homerus = $800.00. Some collectorswith extremely valuable commercial collections may haverarely (never say never) touched a butterfly net but theyspread the leps beautifully, they insist on correct data,and the collection is immaculate, properly drawered ­and very valuable. Featuring Ornithoptera, Morpho,Agrias, Charaxes and Pap ilio, such collections ofrelatively small number s can be in high figures. Why doI harp on homerus? That's easy. I don't have it - yet!

13. EDUCATIONAL DISPLAYS: Area species (local,state) for elementary schools, complete life cycles,pressed food plants, Ex pupa, interfamily mimicry, freezedried and blown larvae, color variation, crypticcamouflage, wet/dry season specimens are displays adding

value to your systemic collection.14. LIllliAHY: The 13 above factors involve the

specimens. The final 5 involve butterfly "hardware".Your "library" is important for your increased knowleq;eday to day and is indispensible to verification ofnomenclature. Area text books are getting heavier andmore expensive (and more complete) but past, out ofprint rarities may be even more valuable. Past scientificpublications and texts may be rare. Browse thebookstores, garage sales, library book sales to add toyour library. Keep everything! An extensive librarysometimes approaches or exceeds the value of thecollection. I have 1929 and 1932 National Geographicswith informative useful articles!

15. STORAGE MID. DISPLAY CONTAINER): Storagecabinets, California and Cornell drawer s, Schmidt boxes,redwood boxes, Riker mounts, unit trays, sandwich boxesare standard commercial items constantly increasing invalue. Custom cabinets and drawers, personally madeare sometimes of such excellent workmanship that antiquevalues apply. The final value of storage containers isgoverned by the "bug proof" quality. The containers musthave tight overlapping contact surfaces for maximumsafety. If the containers are raw wood, stain, varnish,or shellac them! This upgrading is relatively inexpensiveand the improvement is striking and valuable. If you areconstructing your own containers, bug proof yourdesigns.

16. COLLECTING MID. fBEPARATION EQUIPMENT:Nets, killing jars, storage containers, rearing equipment,black light equipment, traps, spreadi ng boards,humidifiers (relaxing boxes), repellants, fumigants, repairkits, pins (on species, $20 per 1000!), styrene bases,microscop es , tweezer s, pens, label s EVERYTHINGincreases the value - keep your records of costs.

17. PER)ONAL: Historical and informative collectingJournals - distances to locations and optimum dates,observations, paintings, butterfly articles, clippings,photography, memorabilia, stamps these can beextremely valuable, if the collector is willing to partwith personal mementos of his life. Keep records ofyour trip costs. An unusual extensive series ofEuropean and other foreign species was successfullyevaluated in the higher five figures because of theinclusion of the cost of 6 trips to Europe and 5 to otherworld areas.

18. INVENTORY: Paradoxically, the most inexpensiveportion of our collection is the most neglected and themost needed and valuable for our individual and eventualuse. In an extensive collection, a written inventory isthe only complete method of conveying the magnitude andcondition of your collection to another for purposes ofstUdy, sale or donation, as well as yourself being ableto quickly locate a specific specimen. The list shouldi'1clude a basic gender list by family by area with speciesand subspecies, gender and number, with Ii quality code,a rarity code, a pinning code, and a location in thecollection designation. I didn't say it was easy, but itis most satisfying when it is finished. If you are anactive collector, allow room for expansion in theinventory.

CONCLUSION: If the above factors are present inabundance, your basic collection could double or triple invalue. If essentials are lacking, the appraiser mllstdowngrade its value. Supply the facts as only you can.You can improve your collection at little financial costto you; only an investment of your time is needed.Specify and identify each specimen. SIAlIT NOW! Thereturn on your hobby can be extensive. It's up to you!

Les Stockton, STOCKTON ENTERPRISESBox 711, Santa Monica, CA 90406

WHERE DID mEY COME FROM?

May 11, 1985 found me hard at work at my allotmentgarden in the Southern outskirts of Ottawa, Ont ario,Canada. As I worked, the edge of my consciousnessregistered dark medium-sized butterflies flying rapidly

and close to the ground. supposed them to be RedAdmirals, Vanessa atalanta.

Having completed a good day's work, I ''packed-up''at 4 p.m. and started the 400 yd. walk to the bus stop.Three Red Admirals crossed my path flying in a SW to NEdirection, and it suddenly occurred to me that it wasn'tthe same butterflies I was seeing flying to and fro, butmany, passing singly, in a migration.

y. atalanta ioes not normally survive the winter atthis latitude (45 North) as the temperature dips to-25 0 F regularly in the winter months (and sometimesmuch colder). Occasionally a mild winter or exceptionalcircumstances spares a few, but usually we depend onmigrants from the U.S.-A., (same for y. vjriiniensll. andy. ~) which arrive in May and June.

As usual, the bus moved grandly by just before Iarrived at the Bus Stop. I had a wait of 1/2 hour beforethe next.

To pass the time, I started to count the butterfliesmoving through. I started the count at 4:12 and finishedit at 4:35 when the bus arrived. In that 23 minutes Icounted 47. Several nectared on nearby dandelions andwere easily discernible as Y. atalanta. I collected aroad kill of a recently killed Admiral.

Later at a transfer point a mile or so to the NorthI counted 14 passing in 12 minutes.

All of the insects I saw passed within 100 ft of me,so I assume my vision is only good to that distance foran object the size of an atalanta. From the bus windowsI saw several more.

All were travelling roughly N into a Northerly windof about 5 mph. They flew close to the ground (about afooO, although I did see some at heights up to 8 feet.Those at some height I assumed to have been forced upby topography or wind currents (passing motor vehicles).The day was s~nny with cloudy periods, and hightemperature of 70 F.

My field note book records that I saw manybutterflies near my home in the week of May 5th.assumed to be Y. atalanta.

I have only recently "got into" the butterflycounting business (Xerces Society July 4th Count) else Iprobably wou ld not have noticed the migration. I don'tknow about your areas, but here in Ottawa, to see 47 RedAdmirals in a summer would be good, to see that numberin 23 minutes is exceptional.

Next day, Sunday, May 12th, my son, Scott, and Iwere invited to a hockey banquet at a nearby arena. Itwas a warm and sunny afternoon ana since it was only amile or so, we decided to walk (48 to 80o F, Wind S., 10mph). The direction was generally East. Just outside thehouse I saw the first a1.alan1.ll.. and decided to count. SonScott soon joined in. Butterflies were flying rapidly, 3to 8 feet above the terrain without pause, in a Northerlydirection.

Scott's vision is better than mine so he saw about20% more butterflies than I. We counted 75 atalanta onthe way, time elapsed about 30 minutes.

On our return walk two hours later (3 pm) wecounted 80. We saw only 2 nectaring on dandelions. Ialso saw 2 land near the ground in a group of shrubs.Along most of the way a Fros t wire fence, 8' tall, actedas an obstacle to the butterflies. Most "climbed" topass over it but several were seen to pass through themesh (2" openings).

We seldom saw two at the same time; they appearedto avoid one another.

The number per minute 155/60 = 2.58Saturdays flight 47/23 = 2. per minuteProbably Scott's finer vision accounts for greater

numbers seen Sunday.On May 20th I spoke wi th Don Lafontai ne who had

been at Point Pelee, 400 miles West of Ottawa on theprevious weekend.

There he saw swarms of y. 1!.1Bl.an1ll. on flowers,replenishing energy sources after flying across LakeErie. The migration was obviously on a broad front.

By May 24, 1985 the migration seemed to be over.The Red Admirals seen were not flying purposely ordirectly North.

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Where did they come from? Were theynewly-emerged or overwintered adu Its?

Somewhere South of here, New York, Pennsylvania,the Virginias? or futher South must have had anabundance in 1984.

Can anyone shed some light?As a postscript, on Ju Iy 2 I collected 10 Y.

llilillliA larvae in a nettle-patch about 35 miles N ofOttawa, and a few days later about 20 more.Subsequently, all pupated and emerged as butterflies onor about July 18.

I released mos t of them and they promptly flewaway and were among the las t Red Admirals I saw thi ssummer.

Where did they go? There was no second broodhereabouts!

J W (Jack) Holliday198 Key WorthOttawa, Canada KIY OE9

MOUNTING INSTRUCTIONS FOR BEETLES

When you receive beetles they will be in a stiffenedcondition and you will not be able to move their legs; orother parts until properly softened by placing them in amoist environment for a period of time. This. process is.~ r..elax.ing. After specimens have been relaxed, theymay be mounted for display. The following equipmentwill be needed:1. Relaxing chamber. A Tupperware container with a lid

approximately 5"x7"x2" is ideal.An alternative would be a, largemargarine container or some othersimilar plastic container. Do notuse metal, it will rust.

2. Mounting board. A block of styrofoam about12"xI2" at least 1 inch thick isideal. An alternative is balsawood at least 1/4 inch thick.

3. Insect pins and • Proper pins are important! Useforceps. ELEPHANT OR IMPERIAL BRAND

mounting pins because they go inbeetle bodies easily and will notrust or corrode over the years.Size #3 is average and canaccommodate most beetles butvarious sizes are recommended tohave on hand. Forceps areoptional, they do help whenpositioning legs, forceps shouldhave spaded or spatula tips.

4. Moth crystals. The use of moth crystals or mothice is highly recommended toprohibit mold and to kill parasitesor dermest ids shou Id they exist.The best crystals contain thechemical PARADICHLOROBENZENE(IDB) which is stronger thanNapthalene in typical moth balls.

5. Other supplies. Terry cloth rags (wash cloths areideal) or paper towels asalternative, scissors, Crazy Glueor good clear household cementfor repairing any breakage, anddata labels.

PREPARING THE RELAXING CHAMBER: Place ateaspoon of IDB on bottom of relaxing chamber.Generously dampen terry cloth rag or several papertowels with hot water and place rag on top of POB (wateris the only moisture you actually need).

RELAXING SPECIMENS: First, transfer names ofbeetles, countries of origin, date of capture etc. on todata labels and set aside. (This label will eventually beplaced under specimen in your display case. Next,Remove beetle from Whatever package it comes in; do thisgently so you do not break any parts off. Lay specimenon top of wet rag in relaxing chamber. Dampen anotherrag and lay on top of beetle(s) for ultimate moistureconditions. Put lid on, set aside for at least 12 hours.

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'" you may leave beetles in their plastic wrapper, howeveryou must make several sli ts in plastic to allowmoisture in, and this will lengthen relaxing time.

'" water does not hurt beetles in any way. Sometimescolors will darken but after specimen dries colorbecomes natural.

'" the length of relaxing will vary due to the size ofbeetles. In general small beetles relax in 12 to 24hours, larger beetles may take up to 36 hours orlonger.

Remove beetle from relaxer, and from wrapper if youleft it on. Gently attempt to move legs; each leg shouldbe moved individually without struggle. The mostimportant area of movement is the 'ball joint' where legsattach to body underneath beetle. If these joints do notmove freely you will not be able to properly position thelegs. Jaws, horns, antennae and other parts should alsomove easily. If you meet resistance, relax specimen fora longer period of time. HE PATIENT!

A properly relaxed beetle will feel like you justcaptured it, all parts move without struggle. It isbetter to leave it in the relaxer too long which onlymakes it limp and lengthens drying time, rather thanunder relaxing which causes you unnecessary repairingfrom parts breaking off.

MOUNTING BEETLES: The most difficult part ofmounting, and the most important part, is to stick themain pin completely through the body of the beetle andget it in straight. This is accomplished by inserting apin through either left or right elytra (shell) allowingthe pointed end to protrude out of the bottom of ~he

specimen which will anchor the beetle onto the mountIngboard.* SEE ILLUSTRATION - make sure

the pin enters the bodystraight (perpendicular) anddoes not go through a leg orjoint when you are insertingit. Make sure 1/2" or more ofpin protrUdes.

'" We recommend the belly of thebeetle not be pressed agai nstthe mounting board, butinstead, raised enough to givea natural 'almost walking'appearance.

'" When pinning beetles ontomounti ng board make surebeetles are parallel withmounting board. A beetletaking a 'nose dive' is veryhard to mount!

After pinning beetle ontoboard use a few pins along eachside of specimen to keep it fromswiveli ng. Then extend the legsindividually and, using crosspinning, anchor in place. Also position antennae, horns,jaws using cross pinning. When finished, leave on boardto dry.'" SEE ILLUSTRATION - Everyone has their own preference

on how a beetle should look mounted. Technicallythere is no established way, you are the critic and thechoice is yours.

'" After beetle has dried for at least 24 hours (longer forlarge specimens) it should now be stiff and will retainthis position. Remove all pins gently ~~D.1 1h.e. m.ainl2ln in~. If claws or parts break off don't panic.Glue will ",end anything back in place with a littlepractice.

'" Beetle is now ready to place in your display case. Usean extra pin on each side of beetle to preventswiveling. Put data label on pin, under specimen.Keep some IDB in your display case!

SPEED RELAXING: This technique is notrecommended, but with practice can be used when time islimited. Float beetle on top of boiled water for a fewminutes at a time checking often until legs move as theyshould. Dip head, jaws, antennae in hot water untilmoveable. Length of time varies for large or small

Ray Stanford, NEWSeasi er for those ofTh e bes t mach ines

specimens. At times colors can be altered temporarily,or permanently, by this method.

Ianni Butterfly EnterprisesCleveland, Ohio

COMMENTS ON XEROXIID LABElS

Xerox reduction (as reported by#4) has made label manufacture muchus with access to good copy shops.make excellent redlced copies.

There is no reason why a person using such atechnique should not ensure that his labels will lasttruly an indefinite period. This can be done bypurchasing your own 100% cotton rag paper at astationary store and using it for the final copies.Anyone who can do a decent job of pinning a lep. canmanage to slip a few sheets of the good stu ff into thepaper tray of a copy machine. This can save a museumthe trouble of having your labels retyped, perhaps withnew errors.

Raymond R. White

"WHEN ALL AT ONCE I SAW A CROWD,A HOST OF DANAUS PLEXIPPUS"

While reading the Xerces Society Butterfly Count,1984, I noticed that there were no counts from all ofOntario, and so I decided to make a count for 1985 in aninteresting part of the Province near Ottawa, my home.

Kanata is a satellite city, west of Ottawa, with apopulation of about 50,000, and it contains large openareas.

The area I decided to survey was one well known tolocal lepidopterists, a gravel road, level, running in aN.W. to S.E. direction with Canadian Army rifle ranges onone side (open, weedy fields) and pasture, corn, hayfields on the other side. Milkweed, burdock, thistlesgrow unhindered in large areas and some years thenumber of butterflies along this stretch of road is high.

1985 proved to be an ordinary year as far as speciesand numbers went, but there was a noticeable number ofI2.arulJ.I..s. plexjppu:!, 69. Las t year at the same time (Ju ly23) there had been none. As a matter-of-fact, I onlysaw one D. plexippus. all summer in 1984.

The Monarchs were especially numerous in twoadjoining fields, which contained numerous Milkweedplants, Asclepias ~. One would think, to look atthe fields, that they had been purposely planted inMilkweed.

The actual facts are that both fields had beenplanted in corn for a number of years. In 1984, forsome reason, the fields were left fallow and a great cropof milkweed, thistles, and burdock grew.

1985 found the fields again not planted to corn butsown late with bUckwheat, which was growing thinlyamong the milkweed.

On July 23, when I made my Xerces count, I didn'tnotice the buckwheat plants, but on my second visit Aug.12th, the buckwheat was about 4" high. I observed thatthe buckwheat seemed to have been seeded withoutploughing but the land had been ploughed in ear IySpri ng, or more probably the Fall before. Seedi ng hadbroken down most of the milkweed plants and there was alush second-growth about one foot in height. I saw twopairs of Monarchs in copula and some femalesegg-depositing. In all, I saw 67 Monarchs and manylarvae. I collected 8 larvae. All the adu Its were in"mint" condition and probably first generation newlyemerged. The larvae were second generation and nearlyfull-sized.

The 8 I collected went into the pupal stage in threedays.

My next (third) visit was 24 days later on Sept. 5th.I expected to see large numbers of Monarchs. There werefew butterflies "on-the-wing" because of thin cloudsbecomi ng overcast by 2 p. m., Temp. was 750 F wi th thewind SW 10 m.p.h. I saw only 12 Monarchs. On thinkingit over, I believe I can account for this low number.This is usually the migrating brood. I had noticedearlier that emerging Monarchs seem to rest or fly shortdistances on their first day. Most of this brood hadalready flown away.

From the edge of the Buckwheat-Milkweed fields, Icould see many larvae. The Buckwheat was 12-16" inheight and the Milkweed about 20-24". I collected 55larvae in about 1l! minutes. Obviously there werethousands of larvae in the two fields (in this area, itwould normally be unusual to find 10 larvae in a day'ssearch).

The collected larvae (except for two which died)went into pupae by Sept. 11 (6 days later). Incidentlythe pupae were suspended mostly on the East side of thelid of the cage, some on the South and North sides, butonly one on the West side?

Butterflies started to emerge on Sept. 21.But before then, on Sept. 19th, I made my fourth

visit to the D. plexippus fields. The early morning wasa cool 550 F, and hoggy, but by 11 a.m. it was clear andhad warmed to 80 F. The bus drops me about 2 milesfrom the site and it was a pleasant walk along thenot-much travelled road. I counted 93 Monarchs on theway to the "fields". As I approached the fields, Iphotograp hed six Monarchs on one New-Eng land As ter.Later I photographed 12 on one plant, 8 on another.

Jumping a ditch, I cautiously walked along the edgeof the field in wonder as newly-emerging Monarchs flewweakly away. There were too many to count while takingphotographs. I conservatively estimated 500 Monarchsflew up from the two fields as I quietly and carefUllywalked along the e~es. (Carefully because somejust-emerging could be stepped upon or knocked fromtheir perch.)

I had found a 4" painted turtle on the road.Apparently his home had dried out in late summer and hewas looking for water. I carried him a mile further andput him into Shirley's Creek. Once beyond 1h.e. fWQ£ thenumbers of Monarchs dropped dramatically. I didn't goany further along the road but retraced my steps to the"Mother-Lode" trying to formulate some plan to estimatethe numbers.

I decided to make a traverse of the fields, side toside about 100 feet in from the end of the fields. Thefirst field, as I walked, counting the Monarchs whichflew up in front of me, yielded a total of 73.

The second field I traversed in the same manner,counting 65.

I then walked 100 yds. a long the edge of the fir stfield where a he~e-row of choke-cherries, Canada plumand saplings grew 15' high and counted the Monarchswhich flew out of the trees and bushes, 163.

Next, I paced along the road to measure the widthof the two fields, 180 paces -180 yards each. Positioningmyself to pace the width, I counted 57. (I cou Idn't countbutterflies while pacing).

Everywhere I went they flew up and drifted away inthe light SW winds.

Reluctant to walk the length of the fields forreasons probably as follows: (a) burrs accumulating onsocks and trousers (b) danger of crushing butterflies andlarvae (c) trampling of buckwheat (d) probable ire offarmer, I skirted the edges of the fields, collected 4larvae from an even-later 3rd generation; and everwhereI went, they (butterflies) flew lazily up and away. About300 of them.

With considerable elation at my discovery of this"host of D.a.n1lY.s. pJexippus" I walked back to the bus,counting a further 99. While on the bus, I totalled mycount 93 + 500 + 73 + 163 + 65 + 57 + 99 + 300 = 1,350.

Once home I got out my topographical map andmeasured the length of the two fields (easy, a rORd at

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one end, a railroad track at the other) 700 yds.As sumi ng I dIs turbed the but terflies 10 feet on

ei ther side os I made the slow traver se of the width ofthe fields, say 21 ft. - 7 yds; then a series of 7 yd.strips in the 700 yd. long field (100 strips) wouldproouce 7:100 in the first field ond 6500 in the second,U,llJl.ll in total, newly-emerged Monarchs. Amazing.

The weather cooled daily and many sunny days hadSoutherly winds which would hamper the migration, so inall probability, the majority of these butterflies will dieen route, but no doubt some of the earlier generationswhich left in August and early September will besllccessfu 1.

On Oct. 17, I made my las t tr ip to the colony tosee how it had fared the colder weather and frosty nightsof Oct. 3, 11, 12 and 15.

I counted 1 (Orange Sulfur) C&lia.s. e..urytheme (notcommon here-a-bouts); 1 furi.s. r..a~; 2 C&lia.s P.b..il!H!iC.e.;low numbers, t8 be expected late in the season and witha temp. of 46 F and increasing cloudiness. On the wayto the Monarchs fields I saw 4 Monarchs.

Once there, I made a traverse along the North edgeof the first field counting 76. I discovered some pupaeon the weeds and shrubs, 5 very-dark coloured, whichwere proved to be dead (frozen), and 2 green pupae whichsubsequently produced butterflies. There were hundredsof empty pupal cases on the shrubs and weeds border~ng

the field. (The leaves had started to foll making thecases easier to see.)

In all, I counted l!i1!. Monarchs. A surprising numberfor so late in the season. Doubly surprising where oneconsiders that number would be a good ~'~ 1..Q1.almost years.

This particular Kanata site is usually a goodbreedi ng ground for Monarchs; on Aug. 12, 1981, the firs ttime I visited, my field notes record hundreds of 12.plexippus, but the records of '82 (2); '83 (0); '84 (0)hardly prepared me for 1985, Sept. 18 (1,350).

Only exceptional circumstances, which I hoveattempted to explain, can produce such an abundance.Have others experienced similar "mother-lodes" ofMonarchs this year, or in the past?

P.S. The last migrating D. ~~ I saw in mygarden Oct. 23, 1985 (3). Last night, Oct. 29, thetemperature was only 200 F which should end the butterflyseason for this year.

Note: Title borrowed from a line in WilliamWordsworth's poem, The Daffodils (slightly modified).

J. W. (Jack) Holliday

PADDY McHENRy.....

Pa~dy Mc~enry, a Charter and Sustaining Member of~e SocIety, dIed on September 13, 1985. His LepidopteralIbrary was bequeathed to the Natural History Museum ofLos Ang.eles County. A more extensive obituary is inpreparatIon for later publication.

Information from Julian Donahue*****

6

DR. ARTHUR C. ALLyN.....

Dr. Arthur C. Allyn, founder and Director Emeritisof the museum that bears his name, passed away on 22March 1985, at the age of 71. He was a Life Member ofthe Lepidopterists' Society and was also a Fellow of theRoyal Entomological Society of London. Arthur Allyn wasa great benefactor of both the Lepidopterists' Society andthe science of lepidopterology in general, and he wasawarded a D. Sc. in recognition of his accomplishmentsby the University of Florida in 1981.

In addition to establishing the Allyn Museum ofEntomology, Dr. Allyn was responsible for the KarlJordan Medal annually awarded for the most outstandingrecent lepidopterological work. His main researchinterests were in the micromorphology of butterflies,especially through scanning electron microscopy. He wasrecognized as one of this country's premier SEMpractitioners. One of his photomicrographs of a trumpethair on a lycaenid pupa was the cover illustration in onenumber of the~ cl. 1.b..e Entomological~ cl.Am..e.tka.

The Allyn Museum of Entomology was merged wi ththe Florida State Museum at the University of Florida in1981. It eventually will be moved to Gainesville, but forthe time being it remains in Sarasota.

Dr. Allyn is survived by his wife, Dorothy, and threechildren. He was a sincere and friendly man, but he haddefinite opinions on most subjects. He will be missed forhis ready wit and wise counsel.

Information from Lee D. Miller*****

DR. ROBERT S. SIMMONS.....

It is with n great deal of sadness that the death onSeptember 28, 1985 of my best collecting friend, Dr.Robert S. Simmons of Baltimore, Maryland, is reported.He became interested in collecting butterflies in earlychildhood. We first met while in professional schools inBaltimore City in the late 40's. A few years later, in themid 50's, we began regularly collecting together on ourdays off: Thursdays. Thi s conti nu ed throughout the yearsuntil about 3 or 4 years ago when he developed n braintumor which necessitated an operation which left himblind. This was obviously a severe blow to him but hewas able to maintain his interest in collecting Marylandbutterflies through his frequent contacts with myself andseveral other Maryland lepidopterists. Several times thispast year he went with some of us as we collected andkept him in touch by our descriptions of specimens,localities and collecting experiences. A donation hasbeen made by me to the Society Illustrations Fund inmemory of my good friend.

Submitted by William A. Anderson, M.D.*****

DR. LIONEL G. HIGGINS.....

Dr. Lionel G. Higgins, age 94, died peacefully in hissleep on October 9, 1985 after a short illness. havingbeen active and happy to the end. He lived in Mimbridge,Chobham, England but travelled extensively in pursuit ofrare butterflies. He was, according to his daughter, MrsGina Savage, one of the last of the true Victoriangentlemen. He was a doctor of medicine and one of theearliest members of the British College of Gynaecologyand Obstetrics, spending almost 50 years in the practiceof medicine. Butterflies were his lifelong hobby and forover 60 year s he assembled entomologica 1 books,presenting one of the finest collections of such books inprivate hands to The Hope Department of the AshmoleanMuseum, Oxford, before his death. He gained aninternational reputation as an expert on British andEuropean butterflies and was author or co-author ofnumerous books and monographs on butterflies. Hevisited the United States frequently ano collected withCyril dos Passos and F. M. Brown among other s.

He was a FellolV of The Royal Entomological Societyand an Honorary Life Member of The Lepidopterists'

*****

IMPORT EXPORT DIRECTORY AVAILABLE

C. BROOKE WORTH.....

BOOK REVIEWS

[Generic Revision m. ~ .Am!!man Zy~aenida.e., wi1hdescriptions m. ~ ~ llru! Species (Insecta:Lepidoptera)], by G. Tarmann (in German). 1984.Supplement 1-2 of Entomofauna. 176+153 pp. Linz,Austria. Size: 6 x ~ in. US $25.00 (600 AustrianShillings). Sales: Tiroler Landeskundliches Museum,Zeughausgasse, I, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria (include $1surface or $4 airmail).

This new work is a much needed revision of all theNew World moths of the family Zygaenidae, the so-calledsmoky moths or leaf skeletonizer moths. The work isdivided into a text part and an illustration part, thelatter with 438 black and white photographs or linedrawing figures; both parts are hard bound as one book.The revision covers the single subfamily. Procridinae thatoccurs in the New World, with 24 genera and 156 speciesfrom North and South America. There are 5 new generaand 24 new species described in the book, plus many newcombinations and new synonymys. The introductory partcovers taxonomic features and history of zygaenid moths,general distribution, biology, host plants, 'lnd behavior.There also is a paragraph on the curious cyanideresistance of many zygaenids, one species fromGuatemala being noted as unaffected by cyanide aftereven 30 minutes in a cyanide col1ecting vial. A checklistand keys to taxa are also provided. The illustrationsshow the adult moths, detailed morphological features,wing venations, and genitalic characters. Although thetext is in German, the illustrations and geographicdistributions provided allow anyone to identify New WorldZygaenidae using this book. Most of the new species areNeotropical but 4 new species are described from theUni ted States. The revision appear s to be a verythorough and detailed job, the author having studiedmany museum collections as well as having conductedpersonal field trips to the eastern United States, Mexicoand Guatemala. This book will be needed by anyoneinterested in these unusual moths and the price willeasily al10w this also.

John B. HeppnerFlorida State Collections of ArthropodsP.O. Box 1269, Gainesville, FL

1he. H.l.l1.Le.r1Jy Dar...Qen by Matthew Tekulsky,Introduction by Robert Michael Pyle. Harvard CommonPress, 5:15 Albany St., Boston, Massachusetts 02118.Phone (617) 423-580:1. 192 pages, 6" x 9". Cloth bound$16.95, paper bound $8.95, published Oct 1985. This isprimarily a book for gardeners, givin.g in detail the typesof plantings and environment needed to attractbutterflies to one's garden. However, there is materialof interest for lepidopterists also. Information isincluded on techniques for rearing butterflies, on larvalfood plants and on nectaring sources, plus regions andseasons in North America for more common species andalso hints on Conservation of Butterflies. The appendiceslist 50 common butterflies with their ranges in the lower48 states and their nectar sources, plus there are listsof sources for Entomological Equipment, Books andButterfly ova and larvae. There are also lists ofButterfly Organizations and Wildflower, Native Plant andGardening Organizat ions in the USA with addresses.Anyone with an interest in attracting butterflies to theiryard or window box will find The Butterfly Gardeninteresting and informative reading. It could beespecially helpful for someone with a budding interest inlepidoptera.

30,000 companies with their addresses, telephone andtelex numbers. They have been classifed by specificactivity which allows the importer or exporter to locateneeded data precisely.

Free copies of the captioned publication are nowavailable upon written request to: Latin American TradeCouncil, Circulation Department, P.O. Box 12, San Jose1007, Costa Rica, (Central America).

June n. Preston

Shillinston,He became

WILBUR H. SEWARD.....

Books

The death of Wilbur H. Seward ofPennsylvania, has been reported by his wife.a Society member in 1980.

*****

Word has been received of the death of C. BrookeWorth of De Imont, New Jersey. He had been a Soci etymember since 1974.

This is an irregularily published serial for promptpublication of short papers on the systematics of insectsof the world, including descriptions of new taxa, informaltaxonomic notes, bibliographies, checklists, catalogues,and reviews. New literature is announced and reviewed.Selected news items of general interest are published.Announcements and advertisements are accepted.Research notes are free.

The editors wish to provide publication within threemonths. No page charges are made but contributors arerequired to subscribe to the series at $25.00 per volumeof about 288 pages. Authors are expected to obtain theirown peer reviews and are fully responsible for publishedcontent.

The editorial board consists of Ross H. Arnett, Jr.,Virendra Gupta, John B. Heppner, Lionel A. Stange,Michael C. Thomas, and Robert E. Woodruff. Sendmanuscripts and enqueries to any of the board at TheFlorida State Collection of Arthropods, P.O. Box 1269,Gainesville, FL 32602, USA. The series is pUblished byFLORA &. FAUNA PUBLICATIONS, 4300 NW 23rd Avenue,Suite 100, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA.

With the object of increasing business relationsbetween Latin American countries and the rest of theworld, the Latin American trade council is distributing~ ~ of the !&.tin American .I..mw2tl .ExiWtlDirectory (English edition). Countries covered areArgentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,Domi nican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala,Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,Uruguay, and Venezuela.

This directory is compiled to provide comprehensiveand up-to-date information on general business facilitiesin Latin America required by overseas companies andorganizations for the promotion of international tradeand general business contacts. The 400-page plus LatinAmerican Import Export Directory contains more than

Society. In 1972 he was presented with the StamfordRaffles Award by the Duke of Edinburgh for theZoological Society of London for an outstandingcontribution to zoology by an amateur. In 1982 he wonthe H. H. Bloomer Award by the Linnean Society inrecognition of his work on European butterflies, given toan amateur naturalist who has made an importantcontribution to biological knowledge. His extensivecollection, numbering nearly 100,000 specimens has beendonated to the British Museum.

Information from John Hinchliff and Cliff Ferris*****

NEW JOURNAL - INSECTA MUNDI

7

From TheEditor's Deskg~~~~H~

1986 PACIFIC SLOPE SECTION ANNUAL MEETING

The DATE is Aug 1-3, 1986 (near the time of newmoon) and the PLACE is in the Chiricahua Mountains ofSE Arizona at EI Coronado Ranch in Turkey Creek on thewest side of the mountains. Elevation is about 5600 ftin pine, juniper and oak forest. Whether you are afterbutterflies or moths or just a good relaxing time in themountains, there should be something for everyone.MARK YOUR CALENDAR NOWl

Susan BorkinJ. McCaffreyLee D. MillerJon ShepardOakley Shields

37th ANNUAL MEETING OF mE SOCIETYOTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA, 23-26 MAY 1986

COLLECTING POLICY AVAILABLE FROM mE TREASURER

Copies of the Collecting Policy of TheLepidopterists' Society are still available from theTreasurer. The Collecti ng Policy was adopted by TheLepidopterists' Society in 1982, and is a policy statementof the "rationale and practices of collecting Lepidoptera"for The Lepidopterists' Society and its members.

The Collecting Policy was published in the NEWS ofThe Lepidopterists' Society, No.5, Sept/Oct 1982. If forany reason a member doesn't have a copy, or would likean additional copy, please send a #10 (business sized)Self Addressed Stamped (22 cents for each copy) Envelopeto the Ti"easurer: Eric H. Metzler, 1241 Kildale Sq. N.,Columbus, Ohio 43229, U.S.A.

The Collecting Policy may be reproduced withoutpermission.

Don't forget that your dues for 1986 should havebeen paid by 1 January 1986. Members who have not paidtheir dues by February 15th are considered to be inarrears, and will not receive any Society publications(including the Season Summary) mailed after that dateunless dues have been paid (By-Laws, Article 0. Membersstill in arrears on December 31 will be dropped frommembership for non-payment of dues (Constitution,Article I I n.

To help cover costs of mailing back issues to latepaying members, an additional LATE FEE of $2.00 will beassessed for any members paying their RENEWAL DUESAFTER FEBRUARY 15, 1986. This action was approved atthe Annual Meeting in Champaign, Illinois in response tothe high costs of sending back issues to late members.

Bear in mind that your Society is a membershiporganization, not just a magazine subscription; if you donot wish to renew your membership, the courtesy of aletter of resignation to the Treasurer or Secretary willbe greatly appreciated, besides saving the Society thecost of mailing reminder notices. Thank you.

Eric Metzler, Treasurer

• I would like to correspond with collectors who havecounty records for all butterflies, skippers, and membersof the moth families, SATURNIIDAE and SPHINGIDAE, thathave not been published elsewhere for the State ofNebraska. Information gathered will be used for a countyatiasing project that, hopefUlly, will be availablesometime in mid-1986. Richard C. Rosche, 501 SheltonSt., Chadron, NE 69337

Research Notlca

DON'T PAY A LATE FEE. DUES FOR 1986 NOW PAYABLE!

FIFm EUROPEAN CONGRESS OF LEPIDOPTEROLOGY

April 7-10, 1986 in Budapest, Hungary. For detailswrite to Dr. A. M. Vojnits, Zoologica I Dept., NaturalHistory Museum, Baross utca 13, H-I088 Budapest VIII,Hungary.

Lee D. MillerStanley S. Nicolay

Consensus of Common Names Committee:Jacki e Miller, ChairmanCliff Ferris, Vice ChairmanRobert Pyle, Vice ChairmanKarolis BagdonisDeborah MatthewsJohn Hinchliff

There have been some requests from members tohave the NEWS publish an annual list of the activesociety committees, naming the persons serving on thesecommittees. At present, there is an Editorial Committee(names for this appear annually with the results of theAnnual Election of Officers), and two ad hoc committees,one on Nomenclature and one on Common Names. In NEWS#4, 1984, pg 54 the list appears of those serving on theCommittee on Nomenclature &. Revision ofCatalogue/Checklist plus the charge given to thatcommittee: i.e. to correct existing errors, update thematerial as necessary and to make any other necessaryrevisions. Those names also appear in NEWS 115, 1984 onpg 62 within the Minutes of the 35th Annual Meeting.Members of this committee are given again below. Onlythe name of the Chairman of the Concensus of CommonNames Committee has been printed (NEWS #5, 1985, pg64). The former chairman had resigned from this positionin 1984. It is the Editor's understanding that thiscommittee has completed it's task. It's charge was tocompile a list of all North American butterfly commonnames now in use in the literature. The Xerces Societyhas been requested to publish this list. No attempt wasmade to validate or encourage the use of one name overanother. The list of committee members also appearsbelow:

Committee on Nomenclature &. Revision ofCatalogue Checklist:

Cliff Ferris, ChairmanF. Martin BrownDavid L. Hancock

Forthcoming Meetings

The 37th Annual Meeting of the Lepidopterists'Society will be held at Carleton University, Ottawa,Canada, on Memorial Day weekend (23-26 May 1986). Ifyou plan to attend the meeting and have not yet sent inthe preregistration form printed in the Nov.lDec. issue ofthe NEWS, please do so at once. Your preregistrationwould greatly help the planning committee to organizethe meeting more effectively.

If you wish to donate items suitable for doorprizes, which will be drawn at the annual banquet, pleasesend them to Don Lafontaine, or bring them to themeeting.

For further information, write Don Lafontaine,Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada,Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OC6, or phone DonLafontaine, P.T. Dang, or Suzanne Allyson at (613)996-1665 (days), or Don Lafontaine at (613) 225-1841(evenings).

8

RESEARCH ASSISTANT POSITION OPEN

The Massachusetts Natural Heritage Program isinitiating a study of the population dynamics, habitat useand management needs of Speyeria i.QaJ.la on NantucketIsland in 1986. A 2-year study suitable for a Masters­level graduate project is envisioned with specificobjectives including, but not necessarily limited to, thefollowing:

1) determination of the size, distribution, and movementpatterns of Speyeria i.Qa.li.a on Nantucket,

2) quantification of habitat use, including food plantsused by larvae and nectar sources used by adults,

3) determination of the limiting factors andmanagement needs of the species,

4) development of specific management recommendationsfor conservation of Speyeria i.Qalia on Nantucket.The MNHP can provide $1000 for travel and other

fieldwork-related expenses in 1986; plus additional fundsmay be available for the 2M year of the study. Housingmay be available on NantUCket during the June-Septemberfield season through an excellent arrangement with theUniversity of Massachusetts Nantucket Field Station.Potential cooperators, including prospective graduatestudents, graduat e facu lty who may be interested inadvising a student and assisting in seeking additionalfinancial support, or conservation organizations that maybe interested in contributing funding should contact Dr.Scott M. Melvin, Program Zoologist, MassachusettsNatural Heritage Program, Division of Fisheries andWildlife, 100 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts02202; phone (617) 727-9194 or 727-3151.

REPRINTS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Dr. M. T. Myres, Associate Professor of Zoology atthe University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada recentlypublished a paper entitled "A Southward Return Migrationof Painted Lady Butterflies, Vanessa ~, overSouthern Alberta in the Fall of 1983 andBiometeorological Aspects of their Outbreaks into NorthAmerica and Europe" in the Canadian Field Naturalist. Hehas informed the NEWS that reprints of his article areavailable to anyone in the Lepidopterists' Society who isinterested in either Vanessa ~ or migrations. Hehas developed several theories in his article to explainthe unusual migration and to provide for futureresearch. Anyone interested in obtaining "a reprintshould write to Dr. Myres at the Dept. of Biology,University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N IN4, Canada,or phone (403) 220-5261.

XERCES BUTIERFLY COUNTI

The 1985 Fourth of Ju ly Butterfly Count sponsoredby the Xerces Society was held between May and August,primarily June and July. There were 36 separate countsheld. The printed report, including a summary ofsignificant trends and high counts for each species willbe distributed in April or May together with theannouncement of the 1986 count. Member s of theLepidopterists' Society may organize counts orparticipate. Copies of previous count reports may beobtained by writing the Xerces Secretary, Dr. Lawrence F.Gall, Department of Entomology-Peabody Museum, YaleUniversity, New Haven, CT 06520. The 1982-83 and 1984reports are $4.00 plus postage while the earlier reportsare $2.00 each. Information on joining the XercesSociety is also available.

VOLUNTEERS FOR TREASURER'S OFFICE souGirr

The three year term of the Treasurer's Office isnearly over, and volunteers are sought to fill thisimportant job in The Lepidopterists' Society. The currentTreasurer, Eric Metzler, took over the job in July of1984, therefore, he will be completing his term in officein July of 1987. Since nominees must be on the ballot inthe fall of 1986, prospective candidates shou ld make

their interests known at this time.As in the case of the Secretary, the Treasurer is a

busy person, and fills a most important role in theday-to-day business of the Society. The Treasurer keep sthe Society financially solvent. A fundamental knowledgeof bookkeeping or accounting, although not mandatory,will be most helpful. The current Treasurer will also beavailable to assist the new Treasurer in any waypossible.

Any persons interested in being Treasurer areencouraged to step forward to volunteer or suggestsomeone who wou Id like to volunteer. Please feel freeto contact Eric H. Metzler, 1241 Kildale Sq. N.,ColumbUS, Ohio 43229 U.S.A., (614) 888-3642 home, or(614) 265-6774 work, to learn more about the duties ofTreasurer. We look forward to hearing from you.

TRINIDAD ANYONE!

IRlIDl2A.D - Maximum of 14 Lepidopterists. Grouptour to rainforests of Northern Trinidad - 7 to 14 days.Leaving on July 12, 1986. Over 700 species of butterflies,thousands of moths. Tour all inclusive includinggenerator, MV lights, traps and bait. Previous trips:M.2rD..h.o., lkli~, Lycaenidae, S!l.turniidae, SpbingjQae.,Arctiidae, and other insects from the tinies t up the giantDynastes beetles. Free tiCket to island of Tobago. Send66¢ in stamps for information and registration form.Nature's All, 435 Main St., Johnson City, NY t:l790, USA.

NEW FlEW STATION OPEN

BLUE MOUNTAIN FIELD STATION, IRISH TOWN,JAMAICA, WESI' INDI ES, was opened March 9, 1985. Thestation offers facili ties and fu II accommodat ion forprofessional and amateur biologists, geologists andworkers in all areas of terrestrial ecology. It issituated at 2800 feet in the foothills of the BlueMountains. It comprises 600 square feet of laboratoryand study space, has 60 feet of bench length, electricityand water, and essential equipment such asstereomicroscopes. Adjacent to the laboratory are threeseparate and self-contained apartments, each capable ofaccommodating 4-7 people. Separate patios and a large,outdoor dining area command magnificent views overKingston (13 miles distant by road), its harbour, HenryMorgan's old city of Port Royal, and a coastal scenerystretching fifty miles to the west. To the east there areviews towards Dallas Mountain, Guava Ridge and BlueMountain itself. The situation is a perfect compromisebetween the remoteness of the central mountains, wherefacilities are poor, and the long distance of the coastaltowns, like Kingston, to the terrestrial habitats in themontane forests. The climate is ideal wi t8 alb averagedaily terrperature, winter and summer, of 22 -28 C.

These facilities are jointly run by Mr. D. Hall,affectionately known as "Shamrock", in this small,mountain township, and Dr. B. E. Freeman, a graduate ofthe University of Southampton, England, and a researchscientist of 25 years experience, inclUding 15 years inJamaica. The all-i n fees for accommodation, meals,laboratory facilities and transport to and from theairport are $40.00 per day, with a minimum booking ofseven days. The station can normally provide transportinclusive of the driver for about $40 per day. We alsoprovide access to difficult sites in the mountainousinterior by Land Rover at $50 per day. The station canoffer other services. For examp Ie, we can hos t you rfield course in any aspect of terrestrial, tropical biologyor geology. We can also assist in your teachingprogram, since we have available several teachers withAmerican or British Ph.D. 's and several years tropicalresearch experience in these areas. Additionally, we runone or two week field courses in tropical ecology andtropical entomology. Costs here would be in the range$35-$50 per day and are all-in. Further enquiries shouldbe made to: Dr. B. E. Freeman, Reader in AnimalEcology, Department of Zoology, University of the WestIndies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.

9

JOURNAL UPDATE

The next issue of the JOURNAL of theLepidopterists' Society, Vol. 39, #2, will probably bemailed in late January of 1986.

New Members ~~~:;~

CALLOWAY, KAREN M.: Dept. of Ecology &. EvolutionaryBiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717.

CHANNING, MICHAEL D.: 25212 Stockport, #172, LagunaHills, CA 92653.

CHARBONEAU, ROBERT W.: P.O. Box 725, Cascade, CO80809.

CODY, JOHN: 2704 Woodrow Court, Hays, I<S 67601.CORRIGAN, JAMES E.: 45 Cedarville Road, #5,

Hightstown, NJ 08520.DEPEW, STEVEN H.: 2333 Second Street, Easton, PA 18042.DOLEN, BRUCE A.: 1113 West 85 South, Orem, UT 84058.FINK, LINDA S.: Dept. of Zoology, 223 Bartram Hall,

University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; workphone (904) 392-1107.

GIBO, DAVID L. (Dr.): Dept. of Zoology, University ofToronto, Eri ndale Campus, 3359 Mississauga Road,Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, CANADA; work phone(416) 828-5365.

GONDEK, BOB: 11164 Marsha Place, Warren, MI 48089.HEINBOCKEL, THOMAS: An der B 74 Nr. 44, Stade 3, 2160

WEST GERM ANY.JONES, JACK R.: 304 Robinhood Road, Jackson, MS 39206.KER, B.G.: No. 77, Jalan Aman, Assam Kumbang, 3400

Taiping, Perak, MALAYSIA.KOPPOS, KEITH J.: 519 Hawkins Road, Selden, NY 11784.LANDOLT, PETER J. (Dr.): 4321 N.W. 33rd Court,

Gainesville, FL 32606.LUMAWIG, ELIZABETH 0.: P.O. Box 2684, Manila,

PHILIPPI NES.MANCHESTER, THOMAS (M.D.): 35 Collier Road, Atlanta,

GA 3U309.MILLER, JEFFREY C. (Dr.): Dept. of Entomology, Oregon

State University, Corvallis, OR 97331.OSTRANDER, DAVID L.: R.D. 2, Pittsfield, PA 16340.RAMIREZ, SARAH CAROLINE: 18025 Shaffers Mill Road,

Mt. Airy, MD 21771.RICHARDSON, NORMAN: Leidy Labs G-7, Dept. of Biology,

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;home phone (215) 386-5616, work phone (215)898-4735.

OCHULTZ, CLARK D.: 448 Jefferson Street, Apt. 204,Oshkosh, WI 54901.

SHAW, DAVID P.: New York Medical College, SSB Box 270,Valhalla, NY 10595.

~ "i(1- .....

Address Changes" ~~-;:..--. :_.::,--.;~~ .

AlDERMAN, ALTON L.: 10101 Alabama, Sun City, AZ85351.

ARNETT, ROSS II., Jr. (Dr.): 4300 N.W. 23rd Avenue, Suite100, Gainesville, FL 32606.

BRINNER, BOB: c/o J. Sample, P.O. Box 5511, Cleveland,OH 44101.

DINGMAN, CLAYTON: 408 "A" Street, N.E., Washington,DC 20002.

DRAPER, JEROME C., Jr.: 75 Broadway, Suite 207, SanFranci sco, CA 94111.

MERZ, DAVID CHARLES: 821 West Liberty Street, AnnArbor, MI 48103.

REITER, RAYMOND (ProL): Dept. of Computer Science,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4,CANADA.

RETHERFORD, GARY: 2005 Converse Street, Houston, TX77006.

TAYLOR, JOHN A.: 9768 Second Street, Sidney, BritishColumbia V8L 3Y8, CANADA.

10

TUTTLE, JAMES P.: 3838 Fernleigh Street, Troy, MI48083.

WALAS, JOHN P.: 844 Red River Road, Thunder Bay,Ontario P7B 5K4, CANADA.

WARREN, ROBERT J.: P.O. Box 1951, McAlester, OK 74502.

c::._~ ,/

The Market Place ".....,,~.::. ".f~Buy. Sell. Exchange. Wants .!'r ~

, I'.

8UY - SELL - EXCHANGE: POLICY STATEMENT••••

At the Executive Council meeting in Fairbanks in June1979 it was decided that the policy regarding placementof members' notices in the NEWS should be determined bythe Editor, in keeping with the purposes of the Societyas outlined in the Constitution, I.e.: " ••• to promote thescience of lepidopterology; ••• to facilitate the exchangeof specimens and ideas by both the professional workerand the amateur in the field, •••" (Article II). Commercein lepidoptera is not a stated objective.

Therefore, it will be our policy to print notices whichseem to meet the above criteria, just as in the past,without quoting prices (except for those of publicationsor lists). Notices which seem by their listing ofofferta/desiderata, or by an organizational title, to becommercial in nature, will be entered in a separatesection as "commercial notices", listing only name,address, and a brief indication as to materialoffered/desired. No mention may be made in thesenotices of any species on any threatened or endangeredspecies list. This will include all Ornithopterans nowand for the foreseeable future.

Only members in good standing may place ads. Adswill be printed only once unless entry in two (maximum)successive issues is requested. A maximum of 100 wordsis allowed. S.A.S.E. calls for a self-addressed stampedenvelope.

The Society, as always, expects all notices to beoffered in good faith and takes no responsibility for theintegrity of any advertiser. Any disputes arising fromsuch notices must be resolved by the parties involvedoutside of the structure of the Society.

FOR SALE: Large numbers of books and journals aboutinsects, principally butterflies and moths. Pleasewrite for list. Dennis Groothuis, 2452 Prairie Ave.,Evanston, IL 60201.

FOR SALE: Wild collected cocoons of H. cecropia. AS.A.S.E. appreciated. James Romer, 7991 E. HampdenCircle, Denver, Colorado 80237.

FOR SALE: 28 wooden insect cabinets in good condition,each with 24 drawer capacity (Cornell type); 15 withdrawers included and 13 without drawers. Buyer mustprovide transportat ion. Located in SmithsonianInstitution, Washington, D.C. If interested, contactBill Rowe at (202) 357-2634 or 2865, 7 AM to 3:30 PMEST.

FOR EXCHANGE OR SALE: Some of the more difficult toobtain African Papilios such as £. jacksonni rJ, £.gudenusi rJ~, 1'. hesperus ~r;, 1'. l..elli:.a~ ,J~, E.~-.smillli 9'1, gJ:. eyombar c;9' In U.S.A. plseasesend S.A.S.E, Tom R. Su llivan, Box 851, Newport,Rhode Island USA.

WANTED FOR EXCHANGE ONLY: To establish contact withcollectors/breeders throughout the earth interested ina free exchange of material (specimens and/orlivestock). J am building ·an earth-wide collection ofthe Saturniidae and can offer 10 exchange a variety ofmaterial from thIS and other families. Please write ofyour interests. Stephen Miller, 12466 Valley View Rd.,Nevada City, CA 95959.

FOR SALE: Literature on Lepidoptera. S.A.S.E. forlisting. Russell Rahn, 3205 W. Rochelle Rd., Irving,Texas '15026.

FOR SALE: Moth pupae. SASE for price list. John M.Coffman, Route 1, Box 331, Timberville, VA 22853.

WANTED: Contact wi th anyone who cou Id supp ly live ovaof Vanessa vjrginiensl..s. this spring to a lepidopteristin England. Call or write Floyd W. Preston, 8.12 SunsetDr., Lawrence, Kansas 66044; phone (913) 843-6212.

FOR SALE: Cocoons of A. .l.un.a., .s. cynthia, A. Ul. andpupae of c.. r..e.~ and E. imperialis. CatherineHortman, 25903 CR 24W, Elkhart, IN 46517.

FOR SALE: Books on insects and other natural historysubjects, including works by T.W. Harris, W.J. Holland,Kirby and Spence, Ferris and Brown, A.S. Packard, J.Muir, Ch. Darwin, and others. For price list, sendSASE to Dr. Jack N. Levy, Department of Zoology,Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287.

WANTED: Living cocoons of Antheraea ~11.eIJll!.s.. Largeor small numbers. Also FOR TRADE: Catocala ot theEastern US for Western species. Also, many speciesof Eastern butterflies for exchange. Mecky Furr, 7925Cross Pike, Germantown, TN 38138.

WANTED: Female Morpho from Peru to complete/add to mycollection. Will buy or exchange for A-I Males, themajority beIng' Indicated 111 "Les Morpho D'Amerique duSud" by Le Moult &. Real - Paris/1963, or otherPeruvian families such as Agrias, etc., surplUS to mycollection. - L.W. Harris, Apartardo 12033, c/oCallois, La Molina, Lima. 12. PERU.

FOR SALE: Cocoons of A. polyphemus, A. luna, H.~Dift, and c.. promethea. Send S.A.S.E to DonielE. Bantz, 12524 7~ Mile Road, Caledonia, WI 53108USA. Tel. (414) 835-2870.

FOR SALE: Ova of C&.iDc-'l1B. ~lU and Catocala i.l.ill...Also cocoons of A. polyphemus. James Mouw, 245Sarah Ave., Iowa Falls, Iowa 50126.

FOR SALE: Used Schmidt boxes. Send S.A.S.E for priceinformation to Gloria Harjes, Nevada State MuseumCapitol Complex, Carson City, Nevada 89710 or phon~(702) 885-4810.

FOR EXCHANGE OR SALE: Ova of Cat ocala il.i.a., ~a1.aand innubens. Also papered Catocala. Desire otherCatocala ova or papered specimens. John Jordison,414 No. 61st St., Omaha, NE 68132.

FOR SALE: llnfinLiihe..!l fuli..e.s. !ill 1M Bibliography cl 1M.Butterflies, by Bri~es (1985). A three-partbibliography of 15478 items with an index to the Serialliterature covering more than 1000 journals. :512 pp,$37 .5 O. Al so : lfuill .on 1.11~ ~ -.Qr.Q.!.!.Q. lfume.s. clthe. Hesperiidae, by Bridges (1983). A five-partcatalogue of 9039 names. 280 pp, $37.5 O. Priceincludes postage in N. America only. Add $2.50elsewhere. Both avai lable from the publisher, Char lesA. Brj~es, 502 W. Main, #120, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.

WANTED: The follOWing publications and books aredesired. lliill..e.rflle.s. cl 1M l'Le.tl ~ by W. G.Wr.ig.ht; ~ Macrolepidoptera .Qf 1M lY..o.tlQ, Englishedl tlOn, Ycl. 5. .The. .A!Iu:r.icJU) RllilD..alQ~ by Ada IbertSei t z; .I111tl.erl1~ Qf till:. SatYI.l.Q .G.e..n.\!.[ C&enQ.llY.IllP1lllby Demorest Davenport; Systematic Catalogue ofSpeyeria with designations of types and fixation oftype locali ti es by C. F. Dos Passos and L. P. Grey;fuLt1e.tili.e.s.. 91 .Gu..b.a by D. Marston Bates; NorthAmerican Clearwing Moths of the family Aegeriidae byGeorge P. Engelhardt; The Cranbidae of North Americaby C. H. Fernald; On the Sphingidae of Peru by A. M.Moss. Leroy C. Koehn, 16225 Huntley Rd, HuntsburgOhio 44046. '

WANTED: All species of Parides, both common and rare,in long series with males and females, and full Qa.t.a.Determination and Al quality not mandatory. Iespecially need specimens from: Guyanas, wes tern andsouth-western Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia and Panama.I buy or trade for European butterflies. Dr. MaurizioBollino, Via Oberdan 22, 73100 I, ecce , Italy.

MEMBERS COMMERCIAL NOTICES•••

IANNI BUTTERFLY ENTERPRISES, P.O. Box 81171,Cleveland, Ohio, 44181, Phone: (216) 888-2310.Excellent quality insect mounti ng pi ns i ncludi ng:Standard Black, Elephant, Stainless Steel. Best pricesavailable. Also, worldwide butterflies, moths and

beetles for all price ranges. Superior quality, doubleboxed for shipping safety. Very personalized serviceto the beginning or seasoned collector. Offering themost popular books and supplies and once againFEATURING .TIlE ENCYCLOPEDIA QE .nrn BUTTERFLY.w..QRLJ2 m .GQL.QR. Specializing in Papilio, Morpho andHeliconius. Send $5.00 for one year price lis tsubscription.

NATURE'S ALL, 435 Mai n St., Joh nson Ci ty, NY 13790,USA. Send $3.95 in cash or USA stamps for aSUBSCRIPTION to 12 issues of annotated list ofworldwide lepidoptera, other insects, equipment, andcollecting/photographing expeditions; issued byorganization with over 20 years experience inequipment manufacture, specImen distribution,entomological study, and worldwide expeditions.

JOHN McFEELY. PURPLE EMPEROR SPECIALIST. 90Stonechat Ave., Gloucester GL4 9XF England. FORSALE: ''PURPLE EMPEROR" livestock (Apaturinae-Nymphalidae). All stages available in season.Available now until March '86 overwintering larvae of:Apatllra i.r.i..s., A. i..l.ia, A. m.e.lis., A. J!l!!D.i (= Chitoria.Il.lIlP..D, ~ charonda. Available later in 1986;lives tock of Ch inese ADJllu.r.a serarum and KoreanApatura i.I:is. D.eninSll Iaril.. Larval foodp lants.salix-PopUlus except lU!!D.i &. c.hlltQnQa which useC&lli..s. Also available: bred specimens; pinned mountedor papered. Send $1 for full details. WANTED:Livestock of N. American butterflies. Also Agrias,Charaxes, Morpho, Polyura &. Prepona livestock - anystage, any species. Good Prices or Exchange.

THA I PAPI 1,1 0 CO, LTD (M. D. ADAM COTTON), 54 DoiSaket Gao Road, Tambon Wat Get, Amphoe Muang,Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Phone 053-243008. Giant5-horned rhinoceros beetles (E.l!D.a.t2l:J.!..s. ~~.nU)available in large numbers along with the rarer E..~, plus many other beetles, butterflies andinsects of Thailand. All specimens with data; Al andAlB specimens available. Wholesale pricelistavailable free on request to dealers only. Visitorsalso welcome in Chiang Mai.

THOMAS GREAGER, R.D. #6 Box 56-B, Greensburg,Pennsy Ivania 15601. Worldwide Lep idopt era for sale,also some Coleoptera. Top quality papered specimens,with complete data. Good prices. Satisfactionguaranteed. Send $1.00 and legal size SASE to receivepricelist. Your dollar refunded on first order.

MICHAEL K.P.YEH ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES, P.O. Box470, 30750-lpoh, Malaysia: 1986 catalogue fordeadstock, send $2.00 cash. 1986 Livestock list, send$2.00 cash to cover postage and printing.

TRANSWORLD BUTTERFLY COMPANY (LS), Apartado 6951,Son Jose, COSTA RICA, Central America.ILLUSTRATED S£Rll!G. G.t\_tA1.QQ. with lots of newmaterial! Just $1. On request we'll includc ourextensive parnassius listing. State interests.Butterfl ies trom Europe, S. America, Africa, etc.Over 250 European species, over 45 morpho species,etc. Send $6 for 1 year's monthly newsletters andcat alogs. Small order s welcome!

S•• KooONG, Naturalist, Box 2, Simpeitou, Taiwan 112,R.O.C. Phone 02-891-2501 (Taipei). Wish to makecontact with Lepidoptera breeders worldwide. Also,seeking a supply of IE.KI..ITE. (space mineral ?) inlarge quantity, especially from Thailand &. S. E. Asiancountries. It is also named .Ill.LLlIQN-I.IJ::; in MalayPeni nsu la. Also available, the book BUTTERFLI ES OFTHE SOUTHEAST ASIAN ISLANDS, Port 1, Papilionidae.166 magnificen t life-s ize color plates, 459 pages,English text with distribution maps and genitaliaillustrations. 31 cm by 23.5 cm, cloth bound.Delivery ex Tokyo, Japan.

TRANSWORLD BUTTERFLY COMPANY (LS), Apartado 6951,San Jose, Costa Rica, Cen tral America. NEW WINTERc.AIAL....QG.! Even more material listed in our latestillustrated catalog. Butterflies from S. America,Africa, Europe, etc. Specialists in Morpho andParnassius. Please state interests. Small orderswelcome. Send $1 Cash/Check for catalog, or $6 foryears' Catalogs/Newsletters mailed every 5 weeks.

11

From: The lepidopterists' SocietyAddress Correction Requested:Allen PressP.O. Box 368Lawrence, KS 66044

4. Donald Eft445 Theresa DriveFairview EstatesBoulder, CO 80303

682

NON-PROFITORG.

BULK RATEU.S. POSTAGE

PAIDPERMIT NO. 116LAWRENCE KS.

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DEADLINES: Material for the Jan/Feb issue should reach the NEWS EDITOR by Dec 1 of the previous year, and that for theMar/Apr issue by Feb 12, for the May/June issue by ~ 1 and for the July/Aug issue by ~ 1, the Sept/Oct issue by AY&12 and the Nov/Dec issue by Oct 12. Reports for the SEASON SUMMARY must reach the ZONE COORDINATORS listed on the frontcover no later than the 5th of January. NEWS EDITOR is June Preston, 832 Sunset Dr, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA. RIPPLESEDITOR is Jo Brewer, 257 Common St, Dedham, MA 02026,USA.

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE SOCIETy.••.•Membership in the Lepidopterists' Society is open to all persons interested in any aspect of Lepidopterology.

Prospective members should send the TREASURER, Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North, Columbus, OH 43229, USA, thefull dues for the current year, $25.00 US, together with mailing address and a note about areas of interest in theLepidoptera; student membership (must be certified) $15; sustaining membership $35; life membership $350. Remittancesmust be in US dollars, payable to the Lepidopterists' Society. All members will receive the JOURNAL (publishedquarterly) and the NEWS (published bimonthly). A biennial membership directory will comprise the last issue of the NEWSin even-numbered years.

Changes of Address must be sent to the SECRETARY, Julian Donahue, address below, and only when the changes arepermanent or long-term.

Requests for ~lissed Issues (i. e. those not delivered although dues have been paid on time) should be sent to theTREASURER, Eric Metzler, address above, or the PUBLICATIONS COORDINATOR, Ron Leuschner, address below. Defective issueswill also be replaced by the TREASURER. Do not request these of the NEWS editor.

Information on membership and other aspects of the Society must be obtained from the SECRETARY, Julian P. Donahue,Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA. Please notify him of anyadditions or changes in telephone numbers or areas of interest for publication in the membership directory.

Manuscripts submitted for publication in the JOURNAL are to be sent to Dr. William E. Miller, EDITOR, JOURNAL ofthe Lepidopterists' Society, Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. See theinside back cover of a recent issue of the JOURNAL for editorial policies.

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AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETy..... Order from the PUBLICATIONS COORDINATOR, Ron Leuschner, 1900 John St.,Manhattan Beach, CA 90266, USA.

CATALOGUE/CHECKLIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (Memoir No.2), Lee D. Miller & F. Martin Brown:includes references t~ original descriptions and location~f type specimens. Members and subscribers, $10 cloth, $5paper; non-members, $17 cloth, $8.50 paper, postpaid.

COMMEMORATIVE VOLUME, 1947-1972: a 25-year review of the Society's organization, personnel, and activities; biographicalsketches; JOURNAL 25-year cumulative index by author, subject, and taxon; clothbound. Members and subscribers, $6;non-members, $10, postpaid.

1984 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY (current to November 1984). Biennial directory of members and their addresses, with geographicand interest indices. Not available for commercial use. (NEWS #6 for 1984). $5.00 postpaid.

BACK ISSUES of the JOURNAL and of the NEWS of the Lepidopterists' Society. For a list of the available issues and theircost, postpaid, send a SASE to the SECRETARY or to the PUBLICATIONS COORDINATOR.