Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Survival and Sparsely Settled

Areas

Presented by

Michel LeducTransport Canada, System Safety

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Michel LeducSystem Safety SpecialistSystem Safety700 Leigh CapreolDorval QC H4Y 1G7Tel.: 514 633-3484 Fax.: 514 633-3705leducmi@tc.gc.ca

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Knowledge UpdateCARs Standard 421.05

• TC seminar

• Recurrent training program approved by TC

• PPC

• New or renewed annotation

• Written exam

• Flight review with an instructor

• Self-training: Aviation Safety Letter or,http://www.tc.gc.ca/CivilAviation/SystemSafety/newsletters/tp185/menu.htm

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Progression

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Progression

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Sparsely Settled Areas

• A sparsely settled area is not a defined geographic

area

• The pilot is responsible for deciding what survival

equipment will be brought on board to comply with

the regulations

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Sparsely Settled AreaA.I.P. Canada Air 2.14

Less accessible

Less flight information available

Weather data

NAVAIDs

Fuel supply

Food and lodging

Maintenance installation

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Progression

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Hierarchy of Needs

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Physiological

Eating

Drinking

Sleeping

“Evacuating”

Breathing

Maintaining the body’s temperature

Avoiding pain

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Safety

Having a shelter

Having supplies

Not feeling threatened

To be safe from dangers

Mainly about fears

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Love

Not being excluded

Need of love

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Esteem

Recognition

Self respect

Social ranking

Consideration

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Self Actualization

To transcend or surpass

Achieve

Improve oneself

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Hierarchy of Needs

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Progression

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Threats to Survival

Hunger

Cold

Fatigue

Thirst

Loneliness

Pain

Boredom

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Hunger

3 weeks without food

4 000 to 6 000 kJ/day (1 000 to 1 500 Cal)

Headache

Aggressiveness

Incoherence

Moral

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Hunger

Supplies for 24 to 48 hours

Avoid chocolate and other sources of sugars, choose energy bars (sport centre, outdoor store) with a high protein content instead

Be careful with dehydrated food, they will make you thirsty!

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Cold

85% of body heat is lost from the head

Numbing

Inability to think

Loss of will

Increases fatigue levels

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Cold

Temperature lower at night in rural regions

Humidity makes you feel colder

You CAN die from hypothermia

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Cold

Have a supply of blankets or sleeping bags

Build a fire

Don’t keep wet clothing on; stay dry

Build a shelter

Physical activity

Human warmth

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Fatigue

Lack of attention, carelessness

Leads to giving up

Incoherence

Injuries

Aggravates the situation

Increases with stress

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Fatigue

Sleep !!!

Take turns

Maintain a heat source

Secure site

Stay in good physical condition

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Thirst

3 days without water

Loose 2 to 3 litres per day

Aggravated by sickness, vomiting, diarrhoea and blood loss

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Thirst

Have a flask with at least 1L of liquid

Purification devices: Pump, drops, tablets

Boil it

DO NOT DRINK URINE

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Thirst

Manage perspiration

Find shade

Breathe through the nose instead of through the mouth

Digestion requires water

Avoid alcohol

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Loneliness

Deceitful and unpredictable

Refers to mental

Left out, abandoned

Leads to insanity

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Loneliness

Radio

Imaginary friend

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Pain

Requires energy

Can prevent from seeing to other needs

So intense it can lead losing the “will to live”

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Pain

Avoid injuries and sicknesses

Have a first aid kit and know how to use it!

Carry medication such as Insulin or an “EpiPen”

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Boredom

Tied with loneliness

Mind not busy enough

Plays with imagination

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Boredom

Work around camp

Look for water, food and fuel

Deck of cards

Imaginary friend

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Hunger

Cold

Fatigue

Thirst

Loneliness

Pain

Boredom

Fight the Threats

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Progression

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

TC Requirements

CAR 602.61

- Light a fire

- Provide shelter

- Provide or purify water

- Send visual distress signals

See also A.I.P. Canada:

AIR 4.13

AIR Annex

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

TC Requirements

One must consider

Geographic location

Season

Climatic changes

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Survival Kit Example

- Safety matches, lighter, candles

- Tarpaulin, garbage bag, wool blanket

- Flask, pump, purifying caplets

- Mirror, flashlight, flares

- Survival rations, camping burner

THIS LIST IS ONLY AN EXAMPLE, FEEL FREE TO ADD WHATEVER YOU THINK IS USEFUL!

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Progression

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Readiness

Plan flight according to what is available

- Weather info

- NAVAIDs

- NOTAMs

- Emergency plan

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Readiness

File a flight plan or a flight itinerary

Follow the flight plan

Broadcast your position

- regularly

- every time you change heading

Close the flight plan

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Readiness

Pilot readiness

- Training

- Awareness

- Verification

- Practice

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Readiness

Passengers’ readiness

- Briefing and written procedures

- Risk awareness

- Leadership

- Rehearsal

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Are you dressed for survival?

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Readiness

Clothing

- Long sleeves

- Fall jacket

- Walking shoes

- Winter clothes or bug net

Knife, whistle, lighter and energy bar in pockets

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Readiness

Emergency broadcast on actual frequency and on 121.5, in English and French, without expecting an answer

ELT on “ON”, make sure that it is working, and position it so as to maximize its range—do not turn it off!

Transponder on 7 700

Stay close to aircraft if possible

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Progression

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Resources

A.I.P. Canada

SAR 4.8

AIR 2.14

AIR 4.13

AIR Annex

CFS

Section A

Section F

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Resources

Satellite phones : http://www.iridium.com

http://www.infosat.com

Phone number

Trenton : 1 800 267-7270

Transports Canada

Transport Canada

Resources

http://www.safeguard.ca/english/publications/woods-e.html

http://www.airforce.forces.ca/17wing/squadron/cfssat_e.cfm

http://www.ecole-manitou.com/

http://www.pomm.com/survie/

http://www.taklamakan.net/fr/pratique/survie.html

SAS Survival Guide - ISBN: 0 00 472302-3