Transport of Carbon DioxideTransport of Carbon Dioxide CO2

(from tissue)CO2

(in plasma)

CO2 + H2O

H+ + HCO3

-

hydrogen-

carbonate ionHCO3

-

(in plasma)

H2CO3

carbonic acid

enzyme

How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?

Carbon dioxide produced diffuses into red blood cells.It reacts with water inside red blood cells to form hydrogencarbonate ions.

CO2 + H2Oenzyme

CO2+H2Oenzyme

Carbon dioxide produced diffuses into red blood cells.It reacts with water inside red blood cells to form hydrogencarbonate ions.

CO2 + H2Oenzyme

H+ + HCO3-

These ions diffuse out of the red blood cells and are transported by plasma to the lungs.HCOHCO33

How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?

When blood reaches the lungs, the ions diffuse into the red blood cells.

enzymeH+ + HCO3

-

The ions are broken down to carbon dioxide again.

HCOHCO33

How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?

HCOHCO33

CO2 + H2O

Then the gas diffuses into the lungs and then to the atmosphere through expiration.

CO2

How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?

enzymeH+ + HCO3

-

When blood reaches the lungs, the ions diffuse into the red blood cells.The ions are broken down to carbon dioxide again.

To investigate the To investigate the effect of oxygen and effect of oxygen and

carbon dioxide on carbon dioxide on citrated chicken citrated chicken

bloodblood

Why should the blood be citrated?

Ans: This prevents blood clotting from happening.

What happens when oxygen is bubbled through it?The blood turns bright red. Oxyhaemoglobin is formed.

What happens when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it?

The blood turns purplish red because oxyhaemoglobin gives up oxygen when carbon dioxide concentration is high.

To Test a Sample of To Test a Sample of Blood Plasma Blood Plasma

(chicken/pig/ox) for (chicken/pig/ox) for glucoseglucose

Name the supernatant obtained after centrifugation.

Ans: It is plasma.

centrifuge

chicken blood

supernatant

Fehling’s solutions A and B

boiling water

What does the precipitate in the centrifuge tube consist of ?Ans: The precipitate contains blood cells.

centrifuge

chicken blood

supernatant

Fehling’s solutions A and B

boiling water

What happens to the supernatant when it is heated with Fehling’s solutions A and B ?

Ans: The supernatant forms an orange precipitate.

centrifuge

chicken blood

supernatant

Fehling’s solutions A and B

boiling water

When will you have more white When will you have more white blood cells in your blood?blood cells in your blood?

During Infection

irregular in irregular in shapeshape

prominent prominent nucleusnucleus

made in bone marrow

move like

Amoeba squeeze out through the walls of capillaries into the surrounding tissuesengulf

pathogens

1. PhagocytesPhagocytes

made in bone marrow,

then migrate to lymph

nodes

produce antibodies

to attack germs

2. 2. LymphocytesLymphocytes

PlateletsPlatelets

Cells fragments budded off from

specialized cells in bone marrow

life-span is about 5 to 9 days

agent for initializing blood clotting

Blood ClottingBlood Clotting When platelets are damaged in an injury, it r

eleases a chemical substance which starts a chain of reactions: fibrinogen fibrin

serum are

yellowish fluid

which is

plasma without

fibrinogen

Plasma (55% by volume)

Blood Cell (45% by volume)

Whole Blood

Red Blood Cell

White Blood Cell

PlateletsDissolved

Substances

90 % Water