Transcription vs. Translation

Making Proteins

from to to make up

Reviewing RNASection 12-3

also called which functions to also called also called which functions towhich functions to

can be

RNA

Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA

mRNA Carry instructions rRNACombine

with proteins tRNABring

amino acids toribosome

DNA Ribosome Ribosomes

Transcription

• RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strand.

• Then RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA

RNADNA

RNApolymerase

TranscriptionSection 12-3

Adenine (DNA and RNA)Cystosine (DNA and RNA)Guanine(DNA and RNA)Thymine (DNA only)Uracil (RNA only)

How does RNA read DNA?

• What is a codon?– Three nucleotides

• How does the RNA know where to start?– DNA polymerase only binds to promoters

• Specific codon that signifies the beginning of a sequence (AUG or methionine)

• How does the RNA know when to stop?– Specific codons that signify the end of a

protein chain (there are 3 of them)

Transcription Video

Click Here

Transcription Activity

• The following is a DNA code. Translate them into RNA and then into a protein chain using page 303 in your textbook:

• DNA= TAC CGA TTA GCG ATG AGT AGA ACT

• RNA= AUG GCU AAU CGC UAC UCA UCU UGA

• Start Alanine Asparagine Arginine Tyrosine Serine Serine Stop

Transcription vs. Translation

Making Proteins

from to to make up

Reviewing RNASection 12-3

also called which functions to also called also called which functions towhich functions to

can be

RNA

Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA

mRNA Carry instructions rRNACombine

with proteins tRNABring

amino acids toribosome

DNA Ribosome Ribosomes

Reviewing Transcription

• Making mRNA from Copying DNA• How is it different from DNA Replication?

DNA Replication TranscriptionCopies both strands making 2

new DNA moleculesCopies one strand of DNA

making 1 mRNA

Uses DNA Polymerase Uses RNA polymerase

Happens when cell splits Happens all the time

Translation

• Cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins

– tRNA brings amino acids to the mRNA chain

– Anticodon on tRNA binds to codon on mRNA

– Amino Acids are bonded to each other in a process called elongation

Section 12-3

Translation Video

Click HERE

Activity

• Transcribe and then Translate the following DNA code into a protein chain.

• ATTACACCGCATATACTAAC

Homework

• Explain the entire process for creating a protein (transcriptions and translation)– Use the following DNA code to help you:

• TCTACGCAAAGACCTTAGCATATAACACTTAG

– Use pictures or drawings to illustrate what is happening in each step

– Use the following vocab words:• RNA polymerase, Codon, Anticodon, Elongation,

DNA, mRNA, tRNA, amino aicd, protein