Transactional analysis

““Did You Mean What Did You Mean What You Said?” You Said?”

A Journey Through the Basics of A Journey Through the Basics of Transactional AnalysisTransactional Analysis

Sonya Welch-Moring www.coachingcultures.com

Transactional Analysis

The Applications

DEVELOPED BY ERIC BERNE (1910-1970)

GROUPSCOMMUNICATION TRANSACTIONS

WORKING STYLES

EMPOWERMENT

GIVING FEEDBACK

LEARNING

MANAGING CONFLICT

INTERACTION

USEFUL FOR: -

FAMILIES (RELATIONSHIPS)

GROUPS (INDIVIDUALS IN GROUPS

ORGANISATIONS (SYSTEMS)



Contracting the 3 P’s

PROTECTION

PERMISSION

POTENCY

Procedural Clarity

Professional Purpose

Purpose for You

Personal Interaction

Psychological awareness

Of your personal growth


A way of understanding Communication

Based on a set of Theories that have

Clear Models and Techniques with

Deep underlying Philosophical Assumptions


The Assumptions



The Assumptions

People are OKIt is their behaviour that is unacceptable

People have a life journey That includes growth even though they may not be aware

People can make decisions About their behaviour

We cannot change other peopleBut we can influence them



Similar images: Different people

Controlling Nurturing Parent Parent

Functioning Adult

Adapted Natural Child Child

+ Firm

- Domineering

+ Caring

- Smothering

- Unfeeling + Logical

+ Courteous

- Rebellious

+ Friendly

- Selfish



Communication

The analysis of interaction between people.

It involves an exchange of verbal and non-verbal messages, i.e. stimulus + response.

Berne concluded that there are 3 types of transactions + 3 rules of communication:

TRANSACTION RULE

COMPLEMENTARY The communication continues.

CROSSED The communication breaks down and a different response is elicited.

ULTERIOR Outcome is determined by the psychological message underneath the communication.

Practical Application:

Sending & Receiving CommunicationSonya Welch-Moring www.coachingcultures.com


Complementary TransactionI SEND YOU GIVE BACK FROM

THE SAME LEVEL

Parent

Adult

Child Child

Adult

Parent



Crossed TransactionI SEND YOU GIVE BACK FROM

A DIFFERENT LEVEL

Parent

Adult

Child Child

Adult

Parent



Ulterior TransactionI SEND I send back 2 messages: 1) Surface message...

2) Underneath message (psychological)

Psychological -You are unsure how to give back

Parent

Adult

Child Child

Adult

Parent



Life Positions

The World Through Different Filters

I’M NOT OK - I -

YOU’RE OK - U+

I’M OK - I +

YOU’RE OK - U-

I’M NOT OK - I -

YOU’RE NOT OK - U-

I’M OK - I +

YOU’RE NOT OK - U-

PRACTICAL APPLICATION: -

GIVING AND RECEIVING FEEDBACKSonya Welch-Moring www.coachingcultures.com


Games

In the ‘boxing ring’:

•enclosed

•can’t get out

•keep getting punched

•fall down - get up

PRACTICAL APPLICATION: MANAGING CONFLICT



Examples Of Games

GOTCHA! Appear Interested; switch conversation so that they appear to be wrong.

KICK ME! Yes, I’ll do everything (badly), then get told off!

PICKY Find things wrong after you have said how good it was.

HARE & TORTOISE Got to get there first: break down under pressure.

DEMI-GOD Act as though you are without blame so that others feel guilty about your ‘goodness’.

YES, BUT... Act as if you need help and then add, “But”...



Strokes for Life

Strokes are needed to help motivate us to do something.

By using strokes, we maintain relationships - positive and negative.

POSITIVE

•Encourage us to be aware of who we are, (strengths

and weaknesses).

•May support us by giving compliments & positive

feedback.

NEGATIVE

•Discourage us and as a result we feel ‘not okay’.

•Be demotivating - put-downs or criticism.



Strokes for LifeStrokes may come in different forms and contexts: verbal and non-verbal.

HEARING what we say verbally

tone of voice

SIGHT facial expressions & gestures

written comments (appraisals)

TOUCH shaking hands

holding/hugging

TASTE food and drink

AND SMELL incense, smell of tobacoo



Structuring TimeCan help analyse stroking patterns.

INTENSE POSITIVE STROKES

LITTLE STROKING

NO STROKES

LOW

HIGH INTENSE NEGATIVE STROKES

CLOSENESS PSYCHOLOGICAL GAMES

WORKING PLAYING

Passing time - chat

Rituals - ‘the weather’


Documents

Transactional analysis