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3/19/2014 1 Objectives of Biological Treatment 1. Transform dissolved and particulate biodegradable constituents into acceptable end products. 2. Capture and incorporate suspended and nonsettleable colloidal solids into a biological floc or biofilm. T f d ti t (N & P) 3. T ransform and remove nutrients (N & P) 4. In some cases, remove specific trace organic constituents and compounds.

TPPA-2015-Secondary Treatment.pdf

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3/19/2014

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Objectives of Biological Treatment1. Transform dissolved and particulate p

biodegradable constituents into acceptable end products.

2. Capture and incorporate suspended and nonsettleable colloidal solids into a biological floc or biofilm.T f   d    t i t  (N & P)3. Transform and remove nutrients (N & P)

4. In some cases, remove specific trace organic constituents and compounds.

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BiodegradasiSalah satu faktor yang berpengaruh pada Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan mikroba: Oksigen (aerob, anaerob, fakultatif)Masing‐masing mengikuti mekanisme yang berbeda

Biodegradasi AerobFungsi OksigenFungsi Oksigen1. Electron acceptor

Fungsi oksigen bisa digantikan oleh senyawa lain, eg. Nitrat, sulfat, hidrogen. Biodegradasi tetap berlangsung meskipun oksigen terbatasPolutan + O2 CO2 + H2O + biomassa

2. Reaksi enzymatisBiodegradasi berhenti jika oksigen tidak ada

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Biodegradasi AnaerobPolutan  CH4 + CO2 + biomassaDua tahap prosesDua tahap proses

Organic acid

Methane formingBacteria 

CH4 and CO2

CO2 and CH4

H2S

Second Stage

Organic matter

Acid forming Bacteria (fakultatif) First 

Stage

•Anaerob•Sensitif thd pH

Masalah umum: organic shock loading

Anaerob vs AerobAnaerob:

Kelebihan KeterbatasanProduksi biomassa (sludge) rendah dan stabilKebutuhan nutrient rendahTdak memerlukan energi untuk aerasiMenghasilkan gas metan (sbg bahan bakar)Organic loading rates (org/vol waktu) tinggi

Proses sensitif, khususnya dari organic shock loadingWaktu start‐up relatif lama (pertumb mo lambat)Perlu post‐treatment 

(org/vol.waktu) tinggiSludge tetap aktif meskipun tdk ada umpan dalam waktu lama

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Types of aerobic processesType Comon name Use

Suspended th

Activated sludge } BOD removalgrowth Aerated lagoonAerobic digestion

} BOD removalStabilization, BOD removal

Attached growth

Trickling filterRotating biological contactor }BOD lcontactorPacked bed reactor

}BOD removal

Hybrid (combined) suspende & attached

Trickling filter/ Activated sludge

BOD removal

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Activated sludgeAerated lagoon

Aerobic digestion

Activated sludge

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Effect of filamentous organisms in activated sludge on morphology and settleability: a) and b) inter‐floc bridging; c) and d) diffuse floc structure bar = 100 micrometers

a) pin floc; b) small, weak flocs; c) flocs contining filamentous organisms; d) flocs containing filamentous organism “network" or “backbone.“ Bar = 10 micrometers

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Activated sludge with plug‐flow reactor

Activated sludge with mixed‐flow reactor

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Activated sludge with Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) 

Aerated lagoon

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Aerated lagoon

Aerial view of theVeazie Sanitary District's aerated lagoon system. 

Trickling filterRotating biological contactor

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Trickling filterA trickling filter consists of a fixed bed of rocks, gravel, slag, polyurethane foam, sphagnum peat moss, or plastic media over which sewage or other wastewater flows downward and is contacted with a layer or fil   f  i bi l  li  film of microbial slime covering the bed media.

A typical complete trickling filter system 

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Trickling filterThe process mechanism involves:

• adsorption of organic p gcompounds in the sewage or other wastewater by the layer of microbial slime, 

• diffusion of air into the slime layer to furnish the oxygen required for the biochemical oxidation of the organic gcompounds to release carbon dioxide gas, water and other oxidized end products.

Rotating biological contactor

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Rotating biological contactor

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Types of anaerobic processesType Comon name Use

Suspended growth

Anaerobic contact processAnaerobic digestion

BOD removalgrowth Anaerobic digestion

Stabilization, solid destruction, pathogen kill

Attached growth Anaerobic packed and fluidized bed

BOD removal, stabilization

Sludge blanket Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket

BOD removal (esp. high strength)blanket strength)

Hybrid (combined) suspende & attached

Upflow sludge blanket/attached growth

BOD removal

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Anaerobic digestion

Anaerobic digestion

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Anaerobic packed bed

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Anaerobic fluidized bed

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Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket