Tourism Operators Guidebook On Crown Land Operators Guidebook.pdf · Tourism Operators Guidebook on Crown land January 2007 FORWARD BY WTA PRESIDENT I am very excited about the release

Tourism Operators Guidebook On Crown Land By Aaron Heidt

January 2007

www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca/

Tourism Operators Guidebook on Crown land January 2007

CONTENTS

Forward by WTA President............................................................................................ vi

1. Introduction................................................................................................................ 1 A. Guidebook Objectives........................................................................................... 1 B. Changes in Government Structure ........................................................................ 1 C. Overview of Key Issues ........................................................................................ 2

2. Proactive Strategies for Participation...................................................................... 4 Step 1: Understanding AT Land Use Rights ................................................................... 6

A. AT Tenure Types........................................................................................... 6 B. Wildlife and Archaeological Regulations.................................................... 10 C. New AT Tenure Applications...................................................................... 11

Step 2: Identification of Land Base and Significant Values.......................................... 13 Step 3: Overview of the Operating Environment .......................................................... 15

A. Land Use Planning Process ......................................................................... 15 B. First Nations and Treaty Negotiations......................................................... 18 C. Land Ownership and Management.............................................................. 20 D. Other Considerations on Crown Land ......................................................... 23 E. Provincial and National Parks ..................................................................... 29 F. Other Tourism Operators and Associations................................................. 32 G. Public Use.................................................................................................... 34 H. Forest Tenures and Management................................................................. 36 I. Determination of ACC in the Timber Supply Review Process ................... 40 J. Forest Stewardship Planning ....................................................................... 45 K. Site Specific Forestry Plans ......................................................................... 47

Step 4: Initiating Contact and Developing Relationships with Neighbouring Land Managers............................................................................................................. 48

Step 5: Building a Profile of Your Operation................................................................ 49

3. Looking Forward ..................................................................................................... 51 A. Commercial Tourism Tenure Policy ........................................................... 51 B. Limits of Acceptable Change ...................................................................... 52 C. Compliance and Enforcement ..................................................................... 52 D. Links To Other Resource Sectors................................................................ 52 E. Links To First Nations................................................................................. 53 F. Insurance...................................................................................................... 53 G. Mountain Pine Beetle Action Plan .............................................................. 53

4. Case Studies.............................................................................................................. 55 A. Knight Inlet Lodge ...................................................................................... 55 B. Babine Norlakes Management Ltd.............................................................. 56 C. Valemount to Blue River SRMP ................................................................. 58 D. Nechako Lodge............................................................................................ 59 E. Chilcotin Holidays....................................................................................... 61

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Appendices ....................................................................................................................... 64 A. MoFR District Office Information .............................................................. 64 B. Land Area Definitions ................................................................................. 70 C. Land and Resource Management Plans Status............................................ 72 D. List of First Nation Communities in BC ..................................................... 73 E. Contacts and Resources............................................................................... 83 F. List of Current TSAs and TFLs in BC ........................................................ 88 G. Adventure Tourism Joint Steering Committee.......................................... 101

References ...................................................................................................................... 102

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LIST OF ACRONYMS

AAC Annual Allowable Cut AT Adventure Tourism BC British Columbia BCAL British Columbia Assets and Lands Corporation BCTC British Columbia Treaty Commission BCTS British Columbia Timber Sales COTA Council of Tourism Associations CR Commercial Recreation DFAM Defined Forest Area Management FL Forest Licence FN First Nations FRPA Forest and Range Practices Act FSP Forest Stewardship Plan ILMB Integrated Land Management Bureau ILRR Integrated Land and Resource Registry JSC Joint Steering Committee LRMP Land and Resource Management Plan LWBC Land and Water British Columbia Incorporated MTSA Ministry of Tourism, Sport and the Arts MAL Ministry of Agriculture and Lands MoFR Ministry of Forests and Range MoE Ministry of Environment MoF Ministry of Forests MoU Memorandum of Understanding MSRM Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management MWLAP Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection NWPA Navigable Waters Protection Act NWPP Navigable Waters Protection Program OGC Oil and Gas Commission OIF Operator Input Form PA Pulpwood Agreement PFLA Private Forest Landowners Association PUP Park Use Permit RMDRC Regional Mine Development Review Committee SLUP Strategic Land Use Plan

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SRMP Sustainable Resource Management Plan TFL Tree Farm Licence TL Timber Licence TSA Timber Supply Area TSL Timber Sales Licence TSR Timber Supply Review VQO Visual Quality Objectives WL Woodlot Licence WSD Water Stewardship Division WTA Wilderness Tourism Association

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FORWARD BY WTA PRESIDENT

I am very excited about the release of the Tourism Operators Guidebook on Crown Land. The objective of the guidebook is to direct Adventure Tourism operators - both those currently operating and those who wish to start an Adventure Tourism business – in dealing with the multitude of land use issues confronting them. This includes everything from obtaining AT tenures to creating a successfully AT business in an integrated land use environment.

In particular, I urge tenure holders to be proactive with their business and enact step 4 (p. 48): “Initiating contact and developing relationships with neighbouring land managers.” I also strongly recommend that you read and follow the advice provided in the case studies. The profiled cases highlight AT operators who have all been successful in navigating the various pitfalls associated with AT tenures. Many important lessons can be drawn from these experienced and successful operators. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the following individuals and organizations:

• Aaron Heidt, the author of the report, for his excellent work and persistence in contacting people and following thru on contacts and for his detail and ease of reading and understanding of the guide.

• The Policy Branch of the MTSA, for providing the funding to carry out the work of the report.

• Dean Wyatt, Knight Inlet Lodge; Pierce Clegg, Babine Norlakes Management LTD; Dave Butler, Valemont to Blue River SRMP; Elizabeth Doering, Nechako Lodge; and Sylvia Waterer, Chilcotin Holidays for sharing their case study stories.

• Linda Beltrano, MTSA; John Willow, MTSA; Adventure Tourism Managers, MTSA; Brian Fardoe, MoFR; Nelson Grant, ILMB; Peter Lishman, ILMB; Ken Morrison, BC Parks; Peter Larose, COTA; and Dave Butler, Jim Dehart, Dick McMaster, Petrus Rykes, and Sylvia Waterer for their edits and constructive comments in the preparation of the guide.

Finally, I would like to stress the importance of being an active member of your sector association and our association. It is through your membership and support that we can continue with the activities necessary to help you be successful in your business. Please take the time to read this document. I believe it will be of assistance to existing and new AT operators. It is the intention of the WTA to update the document as significant changes in policy and administration take place. If you have any suggestions for improving the guidebook please let me know. Your Sincerely, Brian Gunn, President of WTA

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1. INTRODUCTION

A. Guidebook Objectives

The Tourism Operators Guidebook on Crown Land1 has been designed to meet the

following four objectives:

• To increase awareness among AT operators regarding land use and resource

planning processes that may affect their operations;

• To provide guidance on how AT operators can become involved in land and

resource planning processes;

• To increase understanding of AT operator’s tenure rights; and

• To assist AT operators with establishing and improving relationships with other

resource users and maintaining the land base on which their operations are

dependent.

The guidebook provides useful information to individuals who are considering starting

an AT operation and AT operators who would like to identify interests and address land

security issues. With the information provided in this guidebook an AT operator2 should be

able to manage potential land use conflicts in a proactive and productive manner. However,

contact information is also provided where AT operators require additional resources and

assistance in meeting their land use interests.

B. Changes in Government Structure

There have been many changes to government ministries, consultative requirements,

and resource extraction regulations since the 2001 edition of Wilderness Resort Operators’

Land Use Planning Guidebook. Specifically, the responsibility for land use policy and tenure

1 The layout and information for this guidebook is based upon: Grant Thorton. (2001). ‘Wilderness resort operators’ land use planning guidebook, phase one’. Because of changes in land-use policies, government ministries, and non-governmental organizations much of the information has been updated. However this guidebook relies heavily on Grant Thorton (2001), and direct sections are quoted where they did not require updating. 2 The original guidebook written by Grant Thorton (2001) used the term Wilderness Resort Operators. As many of the strategies presented here are useful for all operators utilizing Crown land, the term Adventure Tourism Operator is used for this report. The term Commercial Recreation (CR) is also used when referencing government policies, acts and contracts, as these documents still use the term CR.

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administration, formally handled by BCAL and then LWBC, has been broken up. The

Ministry of Agriculture and Lands (MAL) now administers all land tenure contracts formally

managed by LWBC, except for AT and all season resort tenures, which are managed by the

Ministry of Tourism, Sport and the Arts (MTSA). MOF is now the Ministry of Forest and

Range (MoFR), MWLAP is now the Ministry of Environment (MoE), and where tourism

used to be governed under MSRM, it is now managed by the MTSA. In addition, the

management of recreational sites and trails is now managed by MTSA. This guidebook has

been designed to be a one-stop land use planning information tool for AT operators. Changes

in government structure and regulations are inevitable, requiring AT operators to take on-

going steps to ensure that they are familiar with these changes.

C. Overview of Key Issues

British Columbia’s (BC) Adventure Tourism (AT) industry has become an

increasingly important component of the BC economy. It is BC’s fastest growing tourism

sector, generating about $900 million in direct revenues in 2001.3 This growth is strategically

important to the province because it is concentrated in close proximity to rural communities.4

The AT industry has the potential to bring numerous benefits to rural areas in the form of job

creation, local tax revenue generation, and regional development. Its provincial contributions

include: increased fees and other revenues for the use of Crown land; much needed

diversification of the provincial economy;5 and a broadened range of competitive tourism

products for visitor markets.6 Recognizing the increasingly important role tourism is playing

in the province’s economy, the provincial government created the Ministry of Tourism, Sport

and the Arts (MTSA) in June of 2005. Of specific interest to the AT industry, the Ministry’s

goals include:

• Developing and implementing a provincial tourism strategy;

• Implementing strategies to promote BC and increase the number all-season resorts,

as well as commercial and public recreation;

• Investing in recreation facilities; and

3 Tourism British Columbia, 2003. 4 BC Government, 2005. 5 Gunton, 1998. 6 Curtis, 2003.

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• Conducting marketing, planning and research to support the sustainable

development of tourism.7

Researchers now recognize that a secure and certain land base for AT activities is

integral to the success of the industry.8 Specifically, as the AT industry competes in a market

economy, resource certainty relative to the industry’s competitors is important.9 However, in

most cases BC’s AT operators do not possess direct control over the resources on which they

depend. The province owns approximately 94% of BC’s land, and specific rights are granted

to various industries to encourage economic development. Most of these rights are not

exclusive, and as such the actions of different businesses can affect the viability of others.

This is particularly true of AT operators, who require a relatively pristine environment for the

successful operation of their business.

Because of the integrated use of BC’s natural resources when land and resource

decisions are made the impact on all potential uses should be taken into consideration. With a

variety of processes impacting land-use decisions in BC, it is imperative that impacted parties

have a strong understanding of the stages and capacity in which they are able to participate in

land-use decisions.

The economic, social and environmental benefits of AT tourism are difficult to

quantify and often not fully appreciated. Meanwhile, AT operator’s land use rights are weaker

than many of the other resource industries in BC.10 For these reasons, AT operators would

benefit by working closely with other resource industries to find innovative solutions that

meet the interests of each party.

7 Ministry of Tourism, Sport and the Arts, 2005. 8 McKercher, 1992; Williams et. al, 1998a, 1998b. 9 Bromley, 1991. 10 Heidt, 2006.

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2. PROACTIVE STRATEGIES FOR PARTICIPATION

There are a number of proactive steps that AT operators can take to influence land use

management and development in the future. Such steps include:

• Gaining a broader understanding of AT land use rights;

• Identifying their AT operation land base;

• Assessing the operating environment;

• Building a profile of their operation; and

• Initiating contact and developing relationships with neighbouring land managers,

public users and local communities.

Each of these steps will be covered in detail in the following sections. Figure 2.1

outlines the steps involved in improving the certainty of your land-use interests.

As a starting point, the province’s new FrontCounter BC provides a single window

service for clients of provincial natural resource ministries and agencies. With over 13 partner

agencies the new agency is designed to provide natural resource clients with the information

and authorizations they need to start or expand a business. Their staff are specifically trained

and knowledgeable in authorizations required by natural resource businesses and clients for

mining, forestry, agriculture, tourism, etc. They provide a toll free call centre: 1-877-855-

3222. Additional contact information is provided in Appendix E. In addition, Enquiry BC, a

provincial call centre that provides services to all British Columbia residents on behalf of

provincial government ministries, Crown corporations and public agencies, can direct AT

operators to various ministries and Crown corporations toll free. Hours of operation for

Enquiry BC are 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. They can be reached toll free

from anywhere in BC at 1-800-663-7867, in Vancouver at 604-660-2421, or in Victoria at

387-6121.

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Figure 2.1: Sequence of steps an AT operator should take to further identify and secure their land base interests.

Step 1: Understanding AT Land Use Rights

Step 2: Identification of Land Base and Significant Values

Step 3: Overview of Operating Environment a. Land use planning status b. First Nations and treaty negotiations c. Status of land ownership and crown

tenures d. Other interests on Crown land e. Protected areas f. Other tourism businesses g. Public use h. Forestland tenures i. Current AAC j. Forest Stewardship Planning status k. Site specific forest plans

Step 5: Building a profile of your business

Step 4: Initiating contact and developing relationships with public and neighbouring land managers

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Step 1: Understanding AT Land Use Rights

AT operators land use rights and restrictions depend on the type of tenure granted to

the AT operator by the government. AT operators can divide their land use into two

categories: intensive and extensive use. Intensive use areas include staging grounds and lodge

sites, and usually require a high degree of exclusivity. This land use type is granted through

AT leases and AT intensive licences of occupation. The second type of land use, extensive

use, represents the area where AT activities occur, or areas that are important to a tourism

operator’s business. AT activities include wildlife viewing, heliskiing and river rafting. Such

uses are granted through AT extensive licences of occupation, temporary use permits, park

use permits, guide outfitters certificates, and grazing licences. Areas important to an operators

business may have significant cultural and environmental values and include wildlife

corridors and viewscapes. While these areas are not directly used by an AT operation they are

important in maintaining the health of an AT business. They may or may not be covered

under an extensive use tenure. Table 2.1 provides a brief comparison of the different rights

granted under the various AT tenures. A detailed description of each tenure type follows.11

A. AT Tenure Types

Not all AT tenures are governed by the CR Land Use Policy. AT tenures fall under

two jurisdictions: MTSA and MoE. The CR Land Use Policy and the BC Land Act guide

those governed by MTSA, while the BC Wildlife Act and BC Parks Act guide those

administered by MoE. In addition, horse pack operations may require a grazing licence from

MoFR to graze their horses on Crown land. For comprehensive information on MTSA tenures

refer to their website:

http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/resorts_rec/tenure/commercialrecreation/index.htm

The following section describes those tenures most commonly granted to AT

operations and some of the associated property rights.

11 This section was extracted from Heidt, 2006.

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Ministry of Tourism, Sport and the Arts Tenures12

Temporary Permit

A temporary permit grants the right to carry out specified activities for a maximum

term of 2 years and though not technically replaceable, MTSA replaces temporary permits in

certain circumstances. A temporary permit may be issued for any temporary uses (including

one-time events and sustained or repeated use of Crown land), where a business is better

served by such a permit than by a license of occupation. Temporary permits are traditionally

granted to ocean kayaking and white water river operators; however, MTSA is moving toward

granting licences of occupation to these businesses. A temporary permit does not grant

exclusive use. The tenure holder must allow public access to the area without interference and

must recognize that government may authorize the overlapping and layering of tenures.

Temporary use permits can be terminated, or the rights and restrictions changed at any time,

at the government’s discretion. In addition, the rights granted for all tenures governed by

BC’s Land Act are secondary to most other resource rights in the province.

Licence of Occupation

A licence of occupation may be issued where minimum improvements are proposed or

where short term tenure (e.g., 5 to 30 years) is required. Licences of occupation are usually

granted where an AT operator uses temporary or semi-permanent camps and requires a large

area of land to conduct their operation. This is the most common type of AT tenure issued in

BC. A licence of occupation conveys fewer rights than a lease. It conveys non-exclusive use

for the purpose described, cannot be registered against title to the land, and does not require a

survey. The tenure holder may, in accordance with section 65 of the BC Land Act, take legal

action against any unlawful acts by individuals interfering with the holder’s right to use the

land as authorized by the tenure (e.g., stealing personal property, damaging improvements).

However, a licence of occupation does not confer a right to the exclusive use and occupancy

of the land. A licence of occupation does not allow the tenure holder to curtail public access

over the licence area except where it would impact the licensee’s right to use the land as per

the licence document or management plan (e.g., improvements placed on the land may be

locked or gated). Government may authorize overlapping tenures. For example, other

resource interests or multiple AT operations could be given the right to use the same parcel of

12 This information was taken from the LWBC website: (http://lwbc.bc.ca/01lwbc/policies/policy/land/crown_land_allocation.pdf) on July 30th, 2005.

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land. The standard term for a licence of occupation is 10 years13, however a maximum term

of 30 years is available when the licence is tied to a lease or fee simple ownership of land.

In most cases, tenure holders may apply for a tenure renewal following the mid-term

of the tenure. Renewal of tenures is at the Crown’s discretion. The Crown may decline to

renew a tenure, or may alter the terms and conditions of a replacement tenure, if the existing

tenure is not in good standing, if development contemplated in an approved management plan

has not been completed, or where it is deemed to be in the public interest. In addition,

government may terminate a tenure or alter rights and restrictions for ‘reasons of public

interest’. Replacement tenures are granted for up to 30 years. Government will not

unreasonably withhold the right to transfer a licence of occupation. Like temporary use

permits, rights granted under a licence of occupation are secondary to most other resource

rights in BC.

Lease

A lease is issued where long-term tenure is required, where substantial improvements

are proposed, or where definite boundaries are required in order to avoid land use and

property conflicts. Leases are often granted for permanent AT improvements such as lodges.

A legal survey is required at the applicant’s expense to define the tenured area. These surveys

usually have a high associated cost. The tenure holder has the right to modify the land and/or

construct improvements as specified in the tenure document and subject to local government

zoning and bylaws. The tenure holder is granted the right to exclusive use and enjoyment of

the area. Thus, the tenure holder also has the right to exclude or charge the public for use of

the land and/or improvements, and block the overlapping of additional tenures where they

may have a material affect or where such action is consistent with the terms of the lease. The

lessee may, in accordance with section 65 of the BC Land Act, take legal action against

trespassers to the lease area. The standard term for a lease is 30 years. In most cases, tenure

holders may apply for a lease replacement at any time following the mid-term of the tenure.

Replacement of lease is at the Crown’s discretion. The Crown may decline to replace a lease,

or may alter the terms and conditions of a replacement lease, if the existing tenure is not in

good standing or if development contemplated in an approved management plan has not been

completed. Transfer of lease will not be unreasonably withheld.

13 While the standard term is 10 years an AT manager may grant a term of less than 10 years.

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Ministry of Environment

BC Park Use Permit

By legislation, a permit is required for many types of commercial use, as well as land

use/land occupancy that takes place in parks and protected areas designated under the BC

Park Act, the BC Environment and Land Use Act or the Protected Areas of British Columbia

Act. This covers all types of AT, including hiking, wildlife viewing, and backcountry skiing.

There are five types of park use permits (PUP) that can be used for the purposes of

commercial recreation: interim PUP, non-exclusive PUP, exclusive/limited PUP, exclusive

with moderate facilities PUP, and exclusive with major facilities PUP. Interim permits are

issued for one year to allow a developer to create a lodge development and management plan.

Non-exclusive PUPs are issued for non-exclusive AT activities with no or minimal facilities,

and can be issued for 1-5 years. For example, these permits may be issued for wildlife

viewing activities or backcountry skiing. The exclusive/limited PUP is issued for exclusive

use, with no or minimal facilities, such as a temporary camp, and can be issued for up to 10

years. Exclusive with moderate facilities PUPs for the most part grant exclusive rights for AT

activities, and permit the development of facilities with a low level of investment. For

example, a backcountry warming hut for a back-country skiing operation. Permit duration is

for up to 10 years. The exclusive with major facilities PUP offers exclusive rights for AT

activities and allows the development of facilities with a high level of investment, such as

lodges. Under the new Fixed-roof Accommodation Policy the duration can be granted for up

to 30 years. With the exception of the interim permit, all PUPs offer end of term renewal.

Where the number of permitting opportunities has been restricted by the Environmental

Stewardship Division permits must go through a competitive process at end of term. Each

permit may allow for differing levels of activity impact, and motorized or non-motorized use.

Similar to AT tenures granted by MTSA, PUPs can be terminated at the government’s

discretion.

Guide Outfitters Licence and Certificate5

The guide outfitter licence is issued annually and allows the guide outfitter to operate

a guiding business under the Wildlife Act. Without a licenced guide outfitter there can be no

business. A licenced guide outfitter may apply to a regional wildlife manager for a guide

outfitter certificate, which gives him or her the exclusive guiding privileges in a guide area for

a period not exceeding 10 years. Guide outfitter certificates are granted for an exclusive guide

area with clearly defined and legally described boundaries. The exclusivity of tenure applies

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to guide outfitting only. The guide areas vary considerably in size and availability of big game

species. The certificate may be renewed any time after the fifth anniversary for a further 10

years. The certificate does not confer any property rights to the holder, and the province only

recognizes the rights of the person named on the certificate. Under section 61 of BC’s Wildlife

Act, a regional manager has the power to suspend, cancel or refuse to renew a guide outfitter’s

licence or certificate. Similarly, government controls the transferability of a guide outfitters

certificate.

Ministry of Forest and Range

Grazing Licence

A grazing tenure must be held by a horse outfitter using Crown land to graze their

livestock. The most common form, a grazing licence, is granted for 10 years and grant

exclusive use of grazing rights for the area. A replacement tenure can be applied for before

the end of the ninth year and must be granted if the tenure holder has complied with all terms

of the tenure. Transfer of tenure requires written consent from MoFR. Specific information on

grazing tenures can be found on MoFR’s Range Branch website:

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/.

B. Wildlife and Archaeological Regulations

AT operators who have tenure under the Land Act must follow the “Wildlife

Guidelines for Backcountry Tourism/Commercial Recreation in British Columbia”. The

guidelines were developed to ensure that backcountry recreation activities are conducted in a

manner that does not compromise the current distribution of wildlife, the sustainability of

their populations, or the integrity of their habitats. Detailed information on the guidelines can

be found on MoE’s Environment Stewardship Division website:

http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/twg/.

In addition to the wildlife guidelines, archaeological studies, at the AT operators cost,

may be required in some cases. MTSA requires operators to take all reasonable precautions to

avoid disturbing or damaging any known archaeological sites or archaeological material

found on or under the land pursuant to the Heritage Conservation Act. Upon discovering any

archaeological material on or under the land, AT operators should notify MTSA. Detailed

information on MTSA’s Archaeological Branch and AT requirements can be found on their

website: http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/archaeology/index.html. In the past, AT operators using the

10

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/

http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/twg/

http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/archaeology/index.html


same area and practicing identical activities have been able to undertake a single

archaeological study and divide the cost by the number of operators. For example, the BC

River Outfitters Association (BCROA) members have executed group studies on a variety of

river corridors in BC.

C. New AT Tenure Applications

Individuals interested in starting an AT business in BC must obtain an AT tenure from

MTSA to operate legally on Crown land. Tenure applications and requirement information

can be obtained from FrontCounter BC or MTSA’s website:

http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/resorts_rec/tenure/commercialrecreation/index.htm.

As part of the application processing overlapping AT uses will be identified. Through

an operator input form (OIF), existing operators will have an opportunity to comment on the

applicant’s proposed management plan, and voice concerns to MTSA with respect to how the

applicant’s business could affect existing operations. Existing and new operators are

encouraged to begin working together early to ensure that both operations business needs can

be realized.

Existing operators are also given the opportunity to apply to expand their business if a

new tenure would preclude their expansion in the future. A competitive process would be

utilized by MTSA to determine whether the existing operators application to expand, the new

applicant’s operation, or both will be authorized. Detailed information on the MTSA’s AT

overlapping policy and existing tenure expansion can be found in the CR Land Use Policy:

http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/resorts_rec/tenure/commercialrecreation/index.htm.

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Table 2.1: Rights granted under BC’s AT tenures.

Tenure characteristic

Issuin

g Ins

titutio

n

Tenure Type Comprehensive (ability to add new

activities) Duration Replacement Exclusivity Public Use Security of Rights Termination Transferability

Temporary use permit

With government permission 2 yrs

Not replaceable (have been

replaced in the past)

No Cannot be

restricted by tenure holder

Secondary to most other resource uses

Government’s sole discretion

without compensation

Will not be unreasonably

withheld

License of occupation -

extensive With government

permission 5-30 yrs; standard

term 10 yrs At government’s sole discretion No

Cannot be restricted by tenure holder

Secondary to most other resource uses




withheld

Licence of occupation –

intensive With government

permission 5-30 yrs; standard

term 10 yrs At government’s sole discretion

Some degree of exclusivity

granted Restricted Secondary to most

other resource uses




withheld

MTSA

Lease With government permission 30 yrs At government’s

sole discretion Some degree of

exclusivity granted

Restricted Secondary to most other resource uses Restricted


withheld

Park use permit –CR

With government permission 1-20 yrs At government’s

sole discretion No Cannot be


Stronger than tenures granted under BC’s

Land Act Government’s sole discretion

Right to transfer determined by government

MoE

Guide outfitters Licence

N/A 10 yrs At government’s sole discretion

Only guide outfitter over land

Cannot be restricted by tenure holder


Land Act Restricted


MoFR

Grazing Licence N/A 10 yrs At government’s

sole discretion Only grazing

tenure over land Cannot be



Land Act Restricted


Adapted from Heidt (2006).

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Step 2: Identification of Land Base and Significant Values

The second step in securing the natural resources needed to ensure the success of an

AT business is identifying the land base that the operator depends upon. Inherent in this step

is understanding the type, intensity, and timing of additional resource uses that will allow the

AT operator to continue their operations. The level of resource use that is appropriate by other

industries will be dependent on the type of land use required by the AT operator. To undertake

this step the AT operator must have a strong understanding of which natural resources are

important to their business. Experience, a literature review of previous studies, and visitor

satisfaction surveys could all contribute to a greater understanding of the natural resources and

areas that are important to the AT operator. The more comprehensive the operator is in this

step, the more likely they will be able to defend their interests in the natural resources

identified.

To begin AT operators may find that their regional/ municipal government has

conducted, opportunity studies, strategic tourism plans, and/or an official community plans. If

these plans exist they can provide a wealth of information on the types of tourism that

currently exist in the area, potential areas for expansion, and resources and hurdles to tourism

businesses in the area. To determine whether your community has undertaken such planning

contact your municipal/ regional government offices. In addition, other AT operators in your

region may have undertaken much of the work necessary in this step. If this is the case you

may be able to pool your resources and avoid unnecessary work. The case studies at the end

of this guidebook provide useful examples of tourism operators working together to produce

environmental reports, land use plans and economic studies to strengthen their position on

land use issues.

Tourism BC, your local Chamber of Commerce or other AT operators in the area may

have conducted visitor surveys. Contact information for these organizations is listed in

Appendix E. Conducting your own visitor survey may not be possible or useful and will

depend on your tourism business’s development stage and the quality of existing information

in your area.

Once the operator has identified the natural resources that are important to their

business, these areas should be identified on a map in order to facilitate communication with

other stakeholders. Various mapping programs exist to assist the AT operator in this step

13


including: the Integrated Cadastre Information Society of British Columbia

(http://www.icisociety.ca/); IMapBC: http://maps.gov.bc.ca/imf50/imf.jsp?site=imapbc, a

provincial government site, which allows the user to search natural resource information; and

‘Make a Map’ (http://maps.gov.bc.ca/imf50/imf.jsp?site=lrdw_catalog_ext), which is part of

the Land and Resource Data Warehouse Catalogue (LRDWC), allowing users to create and

print maps with a variety of data layers including Crown land tenure information. However,

the Integrated Land and Resource Registry (ILRR) provides the most useful GIS based

mapping service for AT operators. This site provides information on land tenures including

tenures granted under the Land Act, Forest Act, Mines Act, Park Act, and Wildlife Act, as well

as private land holdings. The user is also able to create, manipulate, save and print maps. Use

is free to the public, however users must create an account to use the program:

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilrr/ILRR.htm. ILRR also provides assistance in using the software.

You can contact them by phone or email: 250-952-ILRR (4577), [email protected].

14

http://www.icisociety.ca/

http://maps.gov.bc.ca/imf50/imf.jsp?site=imapbc

http://maps.gov.bc.ca/imf50/imf.jsp?site=lrdw_catalog_ext

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilrr/ILRR.htm

mailto:[email protected]


Step 3: Overview of the Operating Environment

Following the determination of the land base of interest and land use designation, an

AT operator should assess the environment in which they operate including external factors

which may influence their business. This will allow an AT operator to determine whom

her/his neighbouring land managers are, where they are located, and any activity that is

currently happening, or is planned for the future (e.g., harvesting, mining, etc.).14 A list of

questions that should be addressed when carrying out this assessment is provided in Table 2.2.

The following sections of the guidebook will outline each of these questions in greater detail.

Table 2.2: Questions that an AT operator should address when carrying out a land use planning assessment.

Information Required Relevant Section in Guidelines What land use planning processes for the area are occurring, have already occurred, or are planned for the future?

Step 3 (A)

What First Nations reside in the area? What is the status of their treaty negotiations?

Step 3 (B)

What is the status of land ownership in the area? What types of Crown land tenures are in the area? Do they currently, or will they in the future, impact your operation?

Step 3 (C and D)

What provincial and/or national parks are in, or adjacent to, the area?

Step 3 (E)

What other tourism businesses operate in the area? Step 3 (F) Who are the prominent public users in the area? Step 3 (G) What types of forestland tenures are in the area? Step 3 (H) What is the current Annual Allowable Cut (AAC) level as determined in the Timber Supply Review Analysis?

Step 3 (I)

What is the status of forest stewardship planning for the area? Step 3 (J) What site specific forest plans are currently underway? Step 3 (K) Adapted from Grant Thorton (2001).

A. Land Use Planning Process

Strategic Land Use Planning (SLUP) was adopted in the early 1990s in response to

increasing conflict over how BC’s Crown lands were used. With a large diversity of uses

including public recreation, forestry, tourism, mining, oil and gas, conservation and

14 Grant Thorton (2001).

15


agriculture, government recognized a need to include all stakeholders in the land use planning

process. SLUPs place stakeholders around a table to determine how our land will be used now

and in the future in a manner that reflects all stakeholders’ interests.15 The scale of the SLUP

depends on the goal of the process. Typical scales are represented in figure 2.2.

Fig 2.2: Scales of land use planning in BC.

Regional/Subregional (Regional Land Use Plans, Land

and Resource Management Plans) 1: 1 000 000 – 1:2 000 000

Local (Landscape Level Unit Plans,

Sustainable Resource Management Plans)

1: 50 000 – 1: 1 000 000

Provincial (Protected Areas Strategy)

1:2 000 000 or smaller

Adapted from Joseph (2004).

Provincial Level

In 1993 the government released “A Protected Areas Strategy for BC”, establishing

the policies and procedures needed to double the amount of protected area in the province by

the year 2000.16 “Our Common Future,” a report issued by the United Nations’ Brundtland

Commission in the late 1980s, inspired the 12% target. Today, through the SLUP process, the

province has exceeded this goal, with 13.8% of the provincial land base now designated as

parks or protected areas.17

15 http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/lrmp/data/lup_brochure/index.htm Accessed: August 5, 2006. 16 http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/lrmp/northern/mackenzi/melpbg1114.htm Accessed August 5, 2006. 17 http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/facts/stats.html Accessed August 4, 2006.

16

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/lrmp/data/lup_brochure/index.htm

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/lrmp/northern/mackenzi/melpbg1114.htm

http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/facts/stats.html


Regional/Sub-regional Level

Two types of plans exist at the regional/sub-regional level:

• Regional Land Use Plans

• Land and Resource Management Plans

In general, these plans cover a large geographic area and bring stakeholders together to

determine land use goals and strategies. Participants realize plan goals by dividing Crown

land into various land-use zones. Land-use zones can range from enhanced management zones

to protected areas; however, Land and Resource Management Plans (LRMPs) often contain

unique land-use zones to meet community goals. Land-use zones will affect the type and

intensity of resource extraction allowed on the land base. Most but not all areas in the

province have completed LRMPs, and therefore some areas may not have associated land

designations. Information on specific LRMPs and corresponding land-use zones is available

from the Integrated Land Management Bureau (ILMB) website:

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/lrmp/index.html. If the LRMP in your area is still in progress,

contact information can also be obtained from this site. General land area and land-use zone

definitions are provided in Appendix B. Appendix C lists the current status of each LRMP. In

many cases, regions have set up monitoring and implementation committees to ensure that

LRMP goals and strategies are realized. Information on these committees is also available on

the ILMB site. If any of these stages is still on-going you may be able to participate in the

process. To get information on becoming part of the LRMP in your area contact your local

committees.

Local Level

Sustainable Resource Management Plans (SRMPs) are the main vehicle for translating

existing, broad ‘strategic’ land use plans (i.e., regional plans and LRMPs) into the more

specific and tangible resource management direction needed for operational planning and day-

to-day resource management decisions. SRMPs provide direction for a variety of resource

values. They build on and are consistent with the direction provided in regional plans and

LRMPs. ILMB provides detailed guidebooks for SRMPs:

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/srmp/background/docs/RAG/RAG_Dec04.pdf.

Sustainable resource management planning is demand-driven and flexible. Resource issues

and opportunities define where and when planning will take place, the planning area, and the

17

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/lrmp/index.html

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/srmp/background/docs/RAG/RAG_Dec04.pdf


scope of the planning process. This approach allows planners the flexibility to tailor their

plans to unique factors (e.g., resource development, conservation, use of First Nations

traditional territory) that may be most pressing at the local level. Strategic resource

management planning may be triggered by any of a variety of resource issues such as a

mountain pine beetle infestation, biodiversity planning needs, desire for community economic

diversification and growth, or conflict between different resource sectors. The scope of the

SRMP and the resource values, history, interests, issues, and opportunities in the SRMP area

influence the type of consultation undertaken, the methods used in the planning process, and

the length of time needed for plan completion. The resources and activities involved in the

SRMP are defined at the beginning of the process. The scope can be broad or narrow, ranging

from a couple of resource uses to all resource issues in the area. Objectives and strategies for

realizing these objectives are determined by the stakeholders involved in the process. Detailed

information on completed and existing SRMPs and Landscape Unit Plans is available on the

ILMB website: http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/srmp/index.html. For an example of a

completed SRMP, see the Chilcotin SRMP:

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/srmp/northern/chilcotin/index.html.

SRMPs can be important for an AT operator trying to gain the land certainty they need

for their business. Whether an existing SRMP is underway, or is in the implementation and

monitoring stage, AT operators should work to be active members in the process. The case

studies at the end of this guidebook provide useful information on how to get a SRMP started

in your area if there is not one currently underway.

B. First Nations and Treaty Negotiations

The provincial government and BC First Nations’ organizations are working together

to develop a New Relationship founded on respect, recognition and reconciliation of

Aboriginal rights and title.18 Included in the New Relationship is a commitment to

reconciliation of Aboriginal and Crown titles and jurisdictions. First Nations and government

are working toward processes and institutions for shared decision-making about the land and

resources and for revenue and benefit sharing. The New Relationship recognizes, as has been

determined in court decisions, that the right to aboriginal title “in its full form”, includes the

18 http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/popt/the_new_relationship.htm Accessed: September 10, 2006.

18

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/srmp/index.html

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/srmp/northern/chilcotin/index.html

http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/popt/the_new_relationship.htm


inherent right for the community to make decisions as to the use of the land and therefore the

right to have a political structure for making those decisions.

In British Columbia there are 197 different First Nations bands who preside over

portions of the province’s land and resources. Approximately two-thirds of First Nations in

BC are currently participating in the Treaty Commission process. A treaty is a negotiated

agreement that identifies rights, responsibilities, and relationships of First Nations and the

federal and provincial governments for a particular land base and its natural resources. The

negotiation process is likely to envelop far-reaching issues such as land ownership, self-

government, wildlife and environmental management, sharing of resources, financial benefits

and taxation.19 It is important that an AT operator is aware of which First Nations reside in or

near the area in question, and their current and/or planned involvement in a treaty settlement.

The BC Treaty Commission (BCTC) is an impartial body consisting of a chair, or

chief commissioner, and four commissioners, of whom two are appointed by the First Nations

Summit, and one each by the federal and provincial governments. The roles of the BCTC are

to ensure that the process is fair and impartial, all parties have sufficient resources to do the

job, and the parties work effectively to reach agreements.

To achieve this, the BCTC:

• Facilitates the process of negotiation;

• Allocates funding (primarily in the form of loans) to negotiating First Nations so

they can prepare for and carry out negotiations with the governments of BC and

Canada; and

• Provides the public with information about the treaty process and issues.

To determine which First Nations reside in your area, as well as the status of relevant

treaty negotiations, you can access the Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation

website: http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/negotiation/bc_first_nations.htm, or the BCTC website:

http://www.bctreaty.net/. A list of First Nations communities, bands, closest communities, and

links to current negotiation status is also provided in Appendix D.

19 http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/negotiation/ Accessed: August 5, 2006.

19

http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/negotiation/bc_first_nations.htm

http://www.bctreaty.net/

http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/negotiation/


C. Land Ownership and Management

Understanding the ownership and management makeup of the land surrounding an AT

business is integral to securing resource interests. Approximately 5% of the province is

privately owned, with the remainder being Crown land.20 The Integrated Land and Resource

Registry (ILRR) provides a GIS program which lists all tenures and land interests:

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilrr/ILRR.htm. Figure 2.3 summarizes BC’s land base.

Figure 2.3: Summary of BC’s land base. Total land: 95 millions hectares

Crown land: 90 million hectares Private land: 5 million hectares

Protected areas:

13 million hectares

Crown land for multiple uses: 77 million hectares

Non-forested

land: 3 million hectares

Forested land:

2 million hectares

Non-forested land: 18 million hectares Forest land: 59 million hectares

Non-productive forest land:

14 million hectares

Productive Forest Land:

45 million hectares*

Adapted from Grant Thorton (2001). Numbers are approximations. * Not all productive forest land is commercially viable.

Private Land21

The government guarantees title to private land in BC under the Torrens land registry

system. This system requires all private land to be registered with the Land and Title Office.

When a piece of private land is purchased in BC, and is registered, the ownership of that land

cannot be challenged subject to specific exemptions.

Most subsurface rights to minerals, oil and gas remain with the province, and are not

included in the rights granted by land title. In addition, most submerged land (i.e., river beds,

creeks, and lakes) is deemed to be Crown land. If title to these resources is included as part of

the property a special note will be included in the title to the property.

There are also various Acts that allow provincial and local governments to control the

use of private land. Municipal and regional governments can enact zoning bylaws that permit

certain activities, while preventing others. Bylaws are enacted to ensure orderly development

20 Timber tenures in British Columbia (2006). 21This section takes strongly from Developing a Tourism Business: A Handbook for Tourism Entrepreneurs, prepared by Meredith & Associates for the Ministry of Small Business Tourism and Culture (2000). All contact information has been updated.

20



of land so that various uses are kept separate where appropriate (e.g., residential and industrial

uses), and to permit efficient installation of services such as roads, power and gas.

BC has a total of five million hectares of private land, of which approximately two

million is private forestland.22 860, 000 hectares of this is managed under the Private Land

Managed Forest Act, which replaced the Forest Land Reserve Act in 2004.23 The Act

established the Private Managed Forest Land Council, which administers the forest practices

component of the Managed Forest Program. Their responsibilities include the protection of

key public environmental values on private managed forestland. The Council is responsible to

government, managed forest landowners and the public. Information on the council and

legislation is available from http://www.pmflc.ca/. In addition, a Memorandum of

Understanding (MoU) was agreed upon between the Council of Tourism Association (COTA)

and the Private Forest Landowners Association (PFLA), which provides the basis for a

foundation of mutual recognition and respect, education, continuing dialogue and

understanding. It includes processes by which members from both associations can take a

‘good neighbour approach’ to cooperation that assists their business interests and resolves

differences. Both associations agree to educate and promote two-way dialogue on issues such

as scenic landscape, acceptable noise levels, timing of operations, access to wildlife areas and

private forest roads, which respect private property rights and cost implications for both

parties. Where parties cannot come to agreement the MoU promotes ‘peer group consultation’

and mediation. A copy of the MoU can be found on COTA’s website at:

http://www.cotabc.com/documents/publications/Private_Forest_Landowners.pdf.

Information concerning private land can be obtained from the local land title office.

Land title office contact information is listed at: http://www.ltsa.ca/ltd_contact.htm. Some

private land information is also available on the ILRR site:

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilrr/ILRR.htm.

Crown Land

Over 94% of BC land base is provincial Crown land. While 60% of this is considered

publicly forested land it is administered for multiple uses.24 The Ministry of Agriculture and

Land’s Integrated Land Management Bureau (ILMB) administers the broadest range of land 22PFLA Fact Sheet (2005). Retrieved from http://www.pfla.bc.ca/resources. Accessed August 7, 2006. 23 http://www.pmflc.ca/ Accessed August 7, 2006. 24 Timber tenures in British Columbia (2006).

21

http://www.pmflc.ca/

http://www.cotabc.com/documents/publications/Private_Forest_Landowners.pdf

http://www.ltsa.ca/ltd_contact.htm


http://www.pfla.bc.ca/resources

http://www.pmflc.ca/


dispositions. Such land uses are governed by the Land Act.25 The Land Act applies to the

majority of commercial Crown land uses including:

• agriculture

• grazing and aquaculture

• industrial

• quarrying

• energy and mining

• log handling

• general commercial

• commercial alpine skiing

• commercial recreation

• community and institutional

• airports

• communication sites

• utility corridors and roads

• residential developments

• moorage and marinas

Commercial alpine skiing and AT uses are administered by MTSA. Information

pertaining to tenures governed by the Land Act, including application and existing tenure

information, is available from FrontCounter BC. Regional office contact information is listed

in Appendix E.

Under the Land Act, AT and other tourism operators operating on Crown land26 are

required to obtain authorization in the form of a tenure to utilize Crown land for AT purposes.

The allocation and management of Crown land for such purposes is guided by the

Commercial Recreation on Crown Land Policy:27

http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/resorts_rec/tenure/commercialrecreation/index.htm (see bottom of

MTSA site for direct links).

25 BC Land Act (1996). Retrieved from http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/stat/L/96245_01.htm August 7, 2006. 26 Guide outfitters certificates and licences are governed under the Wildlife Act, however most guide outfitters are also required to obtain an AT tenure, which is governed under the Land Act. 27 In August 2006 MTSA put out an RFP to update the policy. The new adventure tourism policy will be harmonized with all-season resorts and public recreation. The policy should be available in the fall of 2007.

22


http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/stat/L/96245_01.htm


Under an integrated land use policy few Crown land tenures grant exclusive use of the

land. Instead, any given section of Crown land is likely to be encumbered by a variety of other

existing types of tenures. It is essential that an AT operator be aware of these interests and any

potential impacts they may have on her/his operation. To find out more about potential

tenures on Crown land contact the regional FrontCounter BC office (see Appendix E for

contact info). FrontCounter BC staff will be able to provide information regarding the status

of tenures, and any restrictions or right-of-ways on the land base. Alternatively, information in

GIS format can be obtained from ILRR at: http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilrr/ILRR.htm.

D. Other Considerations on Crown Land

There are a number of considerations and/or activities that an AT operator should be

aware of when assessing her/his operational area. These include waterways, water use plans,

mineral claims, roads and range rights. Each is described in detail below.

Waterways

Waterways in the province can be divided into two categories: tidal and non-tidal

waterways. All issues related to tidal waters, including management, recreational fishing

licences, and conservation are managed by the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans –

Pacific Region. In the Pacific Region, the Department oversees west coast marine resources

and the inland fisheries of the Yukon Territory. Because the Department is entrusted with

managing and protecting Pacific salmon, it is involved with 105 river systems in BC as well

as transboundary northern rivers: the Stikine and Taku. Regional office contact and tidal

fishing licensing information can be found at:

http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/recfish/default_e.htm. Federal waters are not regulated by

BC’s Land Act. As such, compliance and enforcement of recreation behaviour in non-tidal

waterways, which impacts coastal AT businesses, can be an issue. The AT Joint Steering

Committee28 (JSC) is working toward increasing certainty for such businesses.

Non-tidal waters are managed by the Water Stewardship Division (WSD) of the

Ministry of Environment. Their responsibilities include non-tidal fishing licences, water

allocation licences and plans, water rentals, water reserves and restrictions, water rights 28 AT JSC was established to create a venue for government and industry representatives to exchange ideas and improve industry security. See Appendix G for a list of industry members.

23


http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/recfish/default_e.htm


information, water utilities and regulations, and waterpower projects. Information on existing

water licences, applications, or any of the other areas governed by WSD is available on their

website, http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wsd/. Contact information for the Ministry of Environment

is listed in Appendix E.

Transport Canada is responsible for the approval process and management of built

structures impacting navigable waters. Through the Navigable Waters Protection Program

(NWPP) they ensure the protection of the public right to navigation and the protection of the

environment through the administration of the Navigable Waters Protection Act (NWPA).

This includes:

o Approval of any works built or placed in, on, over, under, through or across

navigable water in Canada prior to construction of the

work(s);

o Removal of obstructions to navigation including unauthorized works or other

obstructions such as sunken or wrecked vessels;

o Regulation of the provision and maintenance of lights, markers, etc. required for

safe navigation during and/or on completion of the construction of certain works;

Detailed information on the program can be found on Transport Canada’s website

http://www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/Ships-and-operations-standards/nwp/menu.htm. All

proposed structures require approval from transport Canada. Information on the application

process can be found on Transport Canada’s website or through the Pacific regional NWPP

office. A copy of the Navigable Waters Protection Act can be found here:

http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-22/index.html. Contact information is listed in Appendix E.

Water Use Plans

BC Hydro is among the largest power companies in North America. More than ninety

percent of its electricity is generated by water turbines at 30 hydroelectric facilities on 27

watersheds in BC. The dams and reservoirs used to store and regulate water at these facilities

affect fish and wildlife habitat, cultural resources, recreation and water levels. To find a better

balance among competing uses of water and various water use objectives, BC Hydro

undertook a 13-step consultative planning process designed to consider the social, economic,

environmental and recreational uses of water that benefit the public and province for each of

its facilities. Participants included the provincial government, First Nations, environmental

24

http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wsd/

http://www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/Ships-and-operations-standards/nwp/menu.htm

http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-22/index.html


organizations, communities surrounding hydroelectric facilities, local citizens, and other

interested parties. The final water use plan was completed in 2004. Water use plans can be

viewed on BC Hydro’s website at: www.bchydro.com/wup. For additional BC Hydro contact

information see Appendix E.

Mineral and Petroleum Claims

The Mineral Tenure Act29 and the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act30 govern the

mineral and petroleum industries respectively. It is possible for mineral, oil and gas claims to

be staked over Crown land with existing tenures and private land by someone other than the

tenure holder/owner. Thus, an AT operator may encounter a situation where he/she requires

information related to either Crown or private land over which a mineral or oil and gas claim

has been staked. Three options exist to determine if there is a claim on the property in which

an AT operator is interested:

1. Contact the Ministry of Energy, Mines Petroleum Resources Titles Division (see

Appendix E for contact information)

2. Visit Mineral Titles Online website: http://www.mtonline.gov.bc.ca/ or the

Petroleum Titles Online website: http://www.ptonline.gov.bc.ca/. These websites

provide interactive GIS-based maps of BC, with specific information on existing

and pending mineral/petroleum titles.

3. Contact FrontCounter BC.

Prior to submitting an activity application to the Oil and Gas Commission (OGC),

companies must undertake consultation with the public (including landowners, occupants,

affected parties and all residents). The OGC’s Public Involvement Guideline provides

guidance for industry to involve the public in activities that may affect them.31

An applicant for a Mines Act permit may be required to publish a ‘notice of filing’

application in the B.C. Gazette and in local newspapers. This is a discretionary decision by the

Regional Manager and is usually required for new Mines Act permit applications or

29 Mineral Tenure Act (1996). http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/stat/M/96292_01.htm. Accessed August 7, 2006. 30 Petroleum and Natural Gas Act (1996). http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/stat/P/96361_01.htm. Accessed August 7, 2006. 31 The OGC’s Public Involvement Guideline is available at: http://www.ogc.gov.bc.ca/documents/guidelines/revised-Public%20Inv.%20GL.pdf. Accessed August 7, 2006.

25

http://www.bchydro.com/wup

http://www.mtonline.gov.bc.ca/

http://www.ptonline.gov.bc.ca/

http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/stat/M/96292_01.htm

http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/stat/P/96361_01.htm

http://www.ogc.gov.bc.ca/documents/guidelines/revised-Public%20Inv.%20GL.pdf


significant proposed revisions to the mine plan or reclamation program of an existing mine.

Where advertising/gazetting is determined to be necessary, at least two copies of the Mines

Act permit application must be made available in the local library for the duration of the

review period. A review period of 30 days following publishing is required to allow for

responses from any person affected by, or interested in, the application before a permit can be

issued.

At the discretion of the Mining Operations Branch Regional Manager or the Manager

of Reclamation and Permitting, a major mine application may be required to undergo an

‘enhanced’ Mines Act review process involving a greater level of public consultation. In

addition to the normally required advertising and gazetting, public consultation may include:

• Holding one or more open houses in local communities;

• Inviting representatives of public interest groups which have indicated an interest

in a mine proposal to make presentations to and/or attend Regional Mine

Development Review Committee (RMDRC) meetings pertaining to the project;

• Establishing a public liaison committee to review the proposed mine development

and/or monitor mine development through construction, operations and closure.

Concerns/conclusions of public liaison committees are presented to the RMDRC’s

for consideration in approvals and permitting, and key government agency

representatives.

Although consultation requirements vary from project to project, the objective is to

ensure that all stakeholders receive adequate information regarding projects within their

communities, and have the opportunity to register their views and have their questions

answered.32 However, due to the variability of consultation requirements it is integral that AT

operators know and interact with mineral and petroleum tenure holders on a regular basis.

Mine exploration, active mining, and reclamation of mine sites must follow the safety

and environmental regulations set out by the Health, Safety and Reclamation Code:

http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/Subwebs/mining/Healsafe/. If an AT operator is concerned about

exploration or mining activities in their area they should contact their regional Inspector of

32 Application requirements for a permit approving the mine plan and reclamation program pursuant to the Mines Act (1998). http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/subwebs/mining/Project_Approvals/permreq/default.htm#Public%20Consultation. Accessed August 7, 2006.

26

http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/Subwebs/mining/Healsafe/

http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/subwebs/mining/Project_Approvals/permreq/default.htm#Public%20Consultation


Mines. Contact information is listed in Appendix E. Specific information on Ministry of

Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources roads is outlined below.

Roads

There are several government agencies that have responsibility for roads, depending

on their nature, original purpose, and current use and maintenance. These include the

provincial and federal Ministry of Transportation, Ministry of Forests and Range, Ministry of

Agriculture and Lands, Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, and municipal

governments.

Provincial Ministry of Transportation Roads

The Ministry of Transportation is responsible for most of the provincial highways in

the province. More specifically, the agency is responsible for any work that takes place within

a highway right-of-way. To gather information on any of the following activities within a

highway right-of-way contact the district highways office (Appendix E,

http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/contacts.htm):

• Private or commercial driveways

• Logging accesses

• Water, sewer, gas or oil lines

• Buried cables

• Cattleguards

• Community and other signs

• Buildings in the right-of-way or within 4.5 meters

Information on all current provincial highway projects is available at:

http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/highwayprojects/highwayprojects.htm.

Ministry of Forests and Range Roads

The MoFR possesses management authority for roads where the primary purpose is

the extraction of timber. In 2001, MoFR began a core services review. As part of that process

changes were made to forest service road maintenance policy and to road permit and road use

permit tenure policy.33 Forest and Range roads are divided into three categories:

33 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dsq/Engineering/dsq_policychanges.htm, Retrieved August 7, 2006.

27

http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/contacts.htm

http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/highwayprojects/highwayprojects.htm

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dsq/Engineering/dsq_policychanges.htm


• Industrial forest service roads: roads that are owned and operated by the ministry,

but maintenance is delegated to an active industrial user.

• Public forest service roads: roads which access a year-round residential area with

its own post office, or which have either a school located within it or school bus

route to or from it. Populated reserves are included in this definition. They do not

include roads that provide access to seasonal cabins, isolated residences,

commercial operations, parks, or recreation sites. Maintenance of these roads

includes user safety maintenance such as road surface maintenance and sight line

brushing.

• Wilderness roads: roads that are not defined as public or industrial use and where

the responsibility for maintenance is not transferred or funded by another party.

Provision of access is not a ministry priority on wilderness roads. Maintenance

standards for these roads are limited to the protection of the environment. If cost of

maintenance outweighs the cost of deactivation the road may be permanently

deactivated.

For information on road conditions, maintenance plans or deactivation notices contact

the Forest district office. Contact information is located here:

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/mof/regdis.htm. District office contacts are also listed in Appendix

A. Some forest districts post road conditions and plans on their district website.

In addition, MoFR began undertaking the development of a Resource Road Act in

2005. A Steering Committee of technical experts from relevant government organizations is

developing the Act which will include: a definition of resource road; consolidation of resource

road tenures; approval process; standards for construction, maintenance, and re-activation;

compliance and enforcement; access; shared use agreements; dispute resolution guidelines;

road use rules; and insurance requirements.

Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Roads

Through ILMB, the roadways program authorizes the building of public and private

roadways over Crown land in British Columbia. The program supports access needs and

contributes to the development of the transportation infrastructure across the province.

Information on ILMB roads tenures can be found through FrontCounter BC office (see

Appendix E for contact info). FrontCounter BC staff will be able to provide information

regarding the status of tenures, and any restrictions or right-of-ways on the land base.

28

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/mof/regdis.htm


Alternatively, information in GIS format can be obtained from ILRR at:

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilrr/ILRR.htm.

Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources Roads

The Mineral Titles Division may grant permission for the construction of roads that

are used to gains access to mineral claims. Permission is requested through a ‘notice of work’,

and approved by the Inspector of Mines. For information on ‘notice of work’ orders contact

the Inspectors Office for your region. Regional office contact information is listed in

Appendix E.

Similarly, under the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act road building permits to access

oil and gas sites may be granted through the Oil and Gas Commission (OGC). Information on

existing roads can be accessed through ILRR: http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilrr/ILRR.htm. To

gain information on proposed and existing roads AT operators can also contact the Land

Status Clerks at the OGC. See Appendix E for contact information.

Range

MoFR’s Range Branch develops provincial policies, standards, and procedures for

managing range resources. Allocation of range rights to the livestock and AT industry is

granted through grazing and hay-cutting agreements. For the most part range tenures offer

exclusive range rights, creating difficulties for new AT horse packing operations to start up in

some areas. For a list of current range tenures contact your district range officer. Contact

information is listed on the Range Branch website:

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/district_staff.htm.

E. Provincial and National Parks

With 13.09 million hectares of the provinces land base currently protected, including

national parks, provincial parks, protected areas, conservancies and ecological reserves,34 it is

important that AT operators have an understanding of management and land use regulations

for the provinces protected areas. In addition to the parks designations listed below, a new

‘biodiversity area’ designation has been created on the North and Central coast. These areas,

which will be governed by MAL, will allow mining, tourism and First Nation traditional

activities. Timber extraction and oil and gas activities will be prohibited. 34 http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/facts/stats.html. Accessed August 9, 2006.

29



http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/district_staff.htm



BC Parks

Commercial operations are not allowed in ecological reserves. In all other areas

commercial operators are required to hold a park use permit. Information on existing park use

permits and the application process is available through the Permit and Authorization Service

Bureau, which is a branch of the Environmental Stewardship Division of the Ministry of

Environment. For permit information contact a Regional Operations Branch. Contact

information is listed in Appendix E.

Under the Park Act, provincial parks are designed within three main classifications

(Class A, B, and C) which specify the restrictions and prohibitions in regards to the granting

of interests and resource extraction in park areas. Recently, conservancies were added to the

Park Act to address planning issues unique to the North and Central Coast. Classifications are

defined as follows:35

• Class A Parks: Commercial resource extraction activities are prohibited. In some

new protected areas certain uses that existed at the time of establishment (e.g.,

grazing and trapping) are allowed to continue as exceptions to the Park Act.

• Class B Parks: These allow greater flexibility concerning the tenuring of interests

and the removal of natural resources. Park use permits for resource extraction

cannot be issued in Class B parks unless approved by the Minister.

• Class C Parks: Afforded the same level of protection as Class A parks, these are

generally small, close to urban areas, and not necessarily significant contributors to

protecting ecosystems or species. Some of these areas have been turned over to

municipal and regional governments for administration.

• Conservancies: Like Class A parks, conservancies provide a high level of

protection to ecosystems, biological diversity and recreational values, and allow no

commercial logging, mining or hydroelectric development. However,

conservancies explicitly preserve and maintain traditional Aboriginal uses and

allow low-impact, compatible economic activities such as shellfish aquaculture or

small-scale wind power development36.

• Recreation Areas: A recreation area is defined as Crown land reserved or set aside

for public recreational use. Recreation areas differ from parks in that the Minister

35 http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/facts/prk_desig.html. Accessed: August 10, 2006. 36 http://www.bcforestinformation.com/ccnc/bcmon/map.htm. Accessed: December 18, 2006.

30

http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/facts/prk_desig.html

http://www.bcforestinformation.com/ccnc/bcmon/map.htm


has greater discretion in issuing park use permits. A recreation area established

under the Park Act may also be designated as a recreation area under the Mineral

Tenure Act which provides for mineral exploration.

• Ecological Reserves: The purpose of the Ecological Reserve Act is to reserve

Crown land for ecological purposes. It includes the following areas:

(a) Areas suitable for scientific research and educational purposes associated with

studies in productivity and other aspects of the natural environment;

(b) Areas that are representative examples of natural ecosystems in British

Columbia;

(c) Areas that serve as examples of ecosystems that have been modified by human

beings and offer an opportunity to study the recovery of the natural ecosystem

from modification;

(d) Areas where rare or endangered native plants and animals in their natural

habitat may be preserved;

(e) Areas that contain unique and rare examples of botanical, zoological or

geological phenomena.

The legislation guiding this Act is very restrictive, and all extractive activities are

prohibited. As such, ecological reserves are considered to be the areas most highly

protected and least subject to human influence.

BC Parks have undertaken a new initiative aimed at introducing a broader range of

British Columbians and tourists to our parks system. The Fixed-Roof Accommodation Policy

includes a transparent process to assess any proposal to build a fixed-roof accommodation

structure, and will ensure that any new facilities follow a clear set of criteria and are

complementary to the particular park37. BC Parks has developed an implementation plan that

will open a competitive process for up to 12 parks and protected areas, as follows:

• Mount Assiniboine;

• Mount Robson;

• Myra-Bellevue;

• Nancy Greene;

• Silver Star; and

• Wells Gray.

• Cape Scott;

• Elk Lake;

• Fintry;

• Foch-Gilttoyees;

• Golden Ears;

• Maxhamish Lake;

37 http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/fixed_roof/index.html Accessed September 10, 2006.

31

http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/fixed_roof/index.html


Information on the Fixed-roof Accommodation Policy and the consultation process is

available on the BC Parks website: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/fixed_roof/index.html.

Specifically, the policy requires consultation with stakeholders at two stages:

• Phase 3: Technical Review and Consultation; and

• Phase 4: Detailed Project Design.

Permit applicants are required to identify and contact overlapping uses as per the

overlapping tenure policy in MTSA’s CR Land Use Policy. This policy requires tenure

applicants to send their management plan and a CR Operator Input Form to other operators in

the area.

Parks Canada

National Parks are a country-wide system of representative natural areas of Canadian

significance. By law they are protected for the purpose of public understanding, appreciation

and enjoyment, and are intended to be maintained in an unimpaired state for future

generations. There are currently seven territorial and no marine parks in BC. Limited tenure

may be granted on national park lands in the form of permits, leases, or licences of occupation

for the provision of essential services and facilities for park visitors, and for authorized

residential uses.38 Current Parks Canada policy is to have commercial services and visitor

activities based in communities adjacent to National Parks, and for this reason they are not

accepting tenure applications. If Parks Canada does release new land for tenure, the process

requires a public tenure process advertised locally and, if appropriate, more broadly to ensure

a suitable pool of respondents. When new tenures are considered, the Park Management

Planning Process requires a public consultation process and input from a variety of non-

governmental groups that represent a broad range of interests. Notification of the process is

given by public advertisement. In addition, Parks Canada compiles a mailing list of interested

parties and sends notifications when new tenures are considered.

F. Other Tourism Operators and Associations

A number of other tourism operators may also depend on the land and resources in

your area. Therefore, it is recommended that the AT operators determine what other operators

exist in the area and how they may work together to enhance each other’s land use. To

38 http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/pc/poli/princip/part2/part2a8_E.asp Accessed August 17, 2006.

32

http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/fixed_roof/index.html

http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/pc/poli/princip/part2/part2a8_E.asp


determine what other tourism businesses with a Crown land tenure are in the area, utilize the

ILRR website or contact FrontCounter BC. To obtain a list of tourism operators without a

Crown land tenure in your area, contact the regional tourism association (see Appendix E for

contact information) or the local development organization (e.g., Chamber of Commerce).

Two provincial umbrella tourism associations exist to represent BC’s tourism

operators: Council of Tourism Associations (COTA) www.cotabc.com, and the Wilderness

Tourism Association (WTA) www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca/. COTA was established to

advocate the interests of other tourism association members who are primarily engaged in

tourism-related services and to promote tourism within BC. Through education and

representation to the provincial and federal government, the business community, and

associated media, COTA informs stakeholders of the opportunities and concerns of the

tourism industry.

The WTA, a member of COTA, was developed to enable wilderness tourism operators

to have a significant role in the land use issues that can impact those areas in which they

operate. Other objectives of the association include:

• Ensuring that wilderness tourism operators become the priority decision makers

with regard to the lands on which they operate;

• Assisting wilderness tourism operations that are threatened by land use conflicts;

and,

• Communicating to wilderness tourism operators the land use conflicts other

operators have, and the actions being taken.

The WTA’s website also lists all member operators’ contact information. COTA and

WTA contact information is listed in Appendix E.

In addition, most of BC’s tourism sectors have their own associations. Associations

and their websites are listed in Table 2.3. Tourism sector associations offer many benefits to

their members including: group insurance, sector marketing opportunities, group bonding,

ethics and code of conduct policies, best practices guidelines, and lobbying power.

33

http://www.cotabc.com/

http://www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca/


Table 2.3: Contact information for tourism sector associations in BC. Tourism Sector Associations Website Association of Canadian Mountain Guides http://www.acmg.ca/Backcountry Lodges of BC Association http://www.backcountrylodgesofbc.com/BC Commercial Snowmobile Operators Association http://www.bccsoa.com/BC Fishing Resorts and Outfitters Association http://www.bcadventure.com/bcfroa/ BC Guest Ranchers Association http://www.bcgra.com/BC Lodging and Campgrounds Association http://www.bclca.com/BC River Outfitters Association http://www.bcroa.com/Canada West Ski Areas Association http://www.cwsaa.org/Commercial Bear Viewing Association of BC http://www.bearviewing.ca/Guide Outfitters Association of BC http://www.goabc.org/HeliCat Canada http://www.helicatcanada.com/Sea Kayak Guides Alliance of BC http://www.skgabc.com/ Sport Fishing Institute of BC http://www.sportfishing.bc.ca/

G. Public Use

With the exception of AT leases and AT intensive-use licences of occupation, AT

operators cannot hinder public use of Crown land. Previously, the MoF managed public

recreation on Crown land; however, recent changes have transferred this responsibility to

MTSA. These changes may result in a harmonization of public and commercial recreation

policies, though the public currently enjoy relatively unrestricted use of Crown land. As many

AT operators conduct their business in the same areas as large groups of recreation users, it is

in the best interest of AT operators to familiarize themselves with the public user groups in

their area. To begin, AT operators should create a list of public recreation clubs in the area. As

with other land use groups, contacting and creating a relationship early will help facilitate

future discussions on land use issues. Table 2.4 provides a list of recreation associations in the

province. Each site has a club page that provides contact information for regional clubs.

34

http://www.acmg.ca/

http://www.backcountrylodgesofbc.com/

http://www.bccsoa.com/

http://www.bcadventure.com/bcfroa/

http://www.bcgra.com/

http://www.bclca.com/

http://www.bcroa.com/

http://www.cwsaa.org/

http://www.bearviewing.ca/

http://www.goabc.org/

http://www.helicatcanada.com/

http://www.skgabc.com/

http://www.sportfishing.bc.ca/


Table 2.4: Contact information for public recreation associations in BC.

Public Recreation Association Website Angling BC http://www.anglingbc.com/clubs.html BC Snowmobile Federation http://www.bcsf.orgBC Wildlife Federation http://www.bcwf.bc.ca Cross Country BC http://www.crosscountrybc.ca Cycling BC http://www.cycling.bc.ca Outdoor Recreation Council of BC http://www.orcbc.ca/The Federation of Mountain Clubs of BC http://www.mountainclubs.bc.ca/FMCBC/Pages/Home.aspxQuad Riders Association of BC http://www.atvbc.ca/Recreational Canoe Association of BC http://www.bccanoe.com/ Whitewater Kayaking Association of BC http://www.whitewater.org

If an AT operator has a complaint with respect to public use of Crown land, they

should contact their regional Adventure Tourism Manager at the local FCBC or tourism

office. A list of contacts can be found on MTSA’s website:

http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/resorts_rec/contacts.htm.

Three resources exist to reduced public and AT conflict on Crown land: controlled

recreation areas (CRA), Section 58 of the Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA), and

SRMPs/recreation plans. The first, CRAs, is traditionally used for ski resorts but has recently

been applied to heliski operations in the Valemount to Blue River SRMP (see case study C).

CRA’s give AT operators greater control over the type, location and timing of public use over

a designated area. The second resource potentially available to AT operators is section 58 of

FRPA. This section allows MoFR to restrict or prohibit recreational and non-recreational use

if they determine that it is necessary to protect a recreation or range resource or to manage

public recreation use on Crown land. Section 58 has been used to reduce snowmobile use in

the Southern regions of the province. Your tourism association and regional AT manager can

provide further information on these two tools.

Longer-term concerns with public user groups and AT conflicts can be addressed

through the development of a recreation plan or SRMP.39 The current CR Land Use Policy

allows for recreation plans to be undertaken by one or more government agencies, non-

governmental organizations, local governments, or AT operators. The Sea to Sky Backcountry

39 Heidt, 2006.

35

http://www.anglingbc.com/clubs.html

http://www.bcsf.org/

http://www.bcwf.bc.ca/

http://www.crosscountrybc.ca/

http://www.cycling.bc.ca/

http://www.orcbc.ca/

http://www.mountainclubs.bc.ca/FMCBC/Pages/Home.aspx

http://www.atvbc.ca/

http://www.bccanoe.com/

http://www.whitewater.org/

http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/resorts_rec/contacts.htm


Accord is an excellent example of backcountry users taking the initiative to reduce conflict

and allocate backcountry resources to various stakeholders. The CR Land Use Policy ensures

that “where land use or recreation plans provide clear direction regarding uses, tenure

decisions will be guided by those plans” (p.51). This process has the potential to reduce public

and overlapping tenure conflicts. Appendix 6 of the CR Land Use Policy outlines the process

of undertaking a recreation plan:

http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/resorts_rec/tenure/commercialrecreation/index.htm. (See policy link

at the bottom of MTSA’s site)

Recreation plans, for the most part, are voluntary agreements and do not consider

enforcement or carrying capacity. While government regulates and considers conflicting uses

of land by registered users, and field compliance and enforcement officers monitor non-

tenured AT users who are in trespass, no formal system is currently in place to protect AT

operators from conflicting and over-use by the public.

H. Forest Tenures and Management

The Forest Act guides the timber tenure system, while the FRPA regulates the

activities of Forest and Range licensees in BC. The number and type of tenures managed by

the Ministry of Forests and Range (MoFR) is listed in Table 2.5. The apportionment of

Annual Allowable Cut (AAC) for each tenure type is shown in Figure 2.4. Because the forest

industry relies on future access to land for long-term business viability forest management

also occur over the long term. Long-term security is guided the Working Forests Policy and

the land use planning process (see Step 3, section A). The next section explains some of the

key characteristics of each tenure type and additional important terms.

Timber Supply Area (TSA)

Timber Supply Areas are volume-based and defined around existing communities and

timber processing centres by MoFR. The purpose of TSAs is to manage forests and allocate

rights to harvest Crown timber according to the forest management strategy that is appropriate

for the area. Boundaries of a TSA are determined on the basis of present and expected

population, transportation networks, and manufacturing facilities. Within these boundaries

there are various types of land uses, including town sites, highways, parks and other forest

management units/licenses. There are currently a total of 37 TSAs in BC, which account for

36



78 percent of the province’s total land area. A list of TSAs in British Columbia is provided in

Appendix F.

Tree Farm License (TFL)

A Tree Farm License is an area-based tenure for a specific geographic area that gives

the license holder the exclusive right to harvest, on an annual basis, a specified volume of

timber. The licensee is responsible for all phases of forest management, including strategic

and operational planning, road building and reforestation, as well as for producing a

management plan, which outlines the harvest and management plans over a five-year period.

The license has a term of 25 years and is replaceable every five years. If not properly outlined

in the management plan, the chief forester may require the lessee to develop and maintain a

recreation resource inventory which identifies recreation elements and features within the

TFL. Currently, there are 34 TFLs in the province, accounting for fewer than 8 percent of

BC’s total land area. A list of TFLs, licensees and total annual allowable cut per year are

provided in Appendix F.

Forest License (FL)

A Forest License is an agreement that allows for an annual volume of timber harvest

within a TSA according to a strategic resource management plan prepared by the MoFR. The

license typically has a term of 15 to 20 years, and may or may not be replaceable every 5

years. Once an area is harvested and reforested, the licensee moves to another part of the TSA.

There are currently 168 replaceable and 147 non-replaceable forest licenses in the province.

Together they account for over 50 percent of the AAC.

BC Timber Sale License40

As of June 20, 2003, BC Timber Sales (BCTS) became the agency that auctions the

rights to harvest standing timber to market loggers, sawmill operators, lumber

remanufacturers and specialty wood products manufacturers, replacing the former small

business forest enterprise program.

40 This section was taken directly from a BC Forests Memorandum, Timber sales access changes improve access to timber. Accessed August 15th, 2006 from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/mof/plan/bctimbersales.htm.

37

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/mof/plan/bctimbersales.htm


Currently, BCTS provides access to 13 per cent of the provincial AAC, the balance

being held by major licenses and small tenures. The proportion of cut allocated by BCTS will

increase starting in 2004, as timber is reallocated from major licensees. Eventually, 20 percent

of the provincial AAC will be auctioned by BCTS. A Timber Sale License (TSL) gives the

license holder the right to harvest timber from a specified area within a TSA or TFL.

Generally, MoFR is responsible for operational planning, road building and reforestation on

TSLs.

All timber sales auctioned by BCTS are awarded to the highest bidder. Operators that

want logging rights must compete on the basis of price only, ensuring a level playing field for

all operators and maximum return over the long term to the public of BC. Increasing the

volume of timber sold on a competitive basis is a key element in government’s plan for a

market-based pricing system. Under this system, auction prices will be used to calculate the

price paid (stumpage) for Crown timber harvested on all tenures. More information is

available on the BCTS website at: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/bcts/.

Woodlot License (WL)

A Woodlot License is a legal agreement that allows the licensee to manage Crown

land and private land as a single unit. The license is similar to a TFL, except that its scale of

operation is not more than 400 hectares of Crown land on the coast, or 600 hectares per

license in the interior of the province. Any amount of private land can be included. The

licensee is responsible for operational planning, road building and reforestation. The license

has a 15-year term, and is replaceable every five years.

Pulpwood Agreement (PA)

A Pulpwood Agreement provides the holder of a wood residue processing facility the

right to harvest up to a specified maximum annual volume within the TSA or TFL, in the

event that sufficient fibre requirements are not available to the holder privately. Harvesting

authority is provided through a TSL where the licensee is responsible for operational

planning, road building and reforestation. The agreement covers a term of up to 25 years,

which may or may not be replaceable.

38

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/bcts/


Timber License (TL)

A Timber License gives the licensee the exclusive rights to harvest merchantable

timber from a defined area of Crown land. The licensee is responsible for operational

planning, road building and reforestation. Once the forest area is re-established, it reverts to

the Crown and becomes part of the TSA or TFL. The term of this license is variable and is not

replaceable.

Community Forest Tenures

A Community Forest Tenure gives a community greater direct control of forest

resources to meet local needs, including job creation, education and recreation. In 2006, a

total of eleven community sites and First Nations had been awarded tenures across BC.

Information related to the Community Forest Association, which promotes the expansion of

the community forests program can be found online at the Internet address:

http://www.bccfa.ca/index.php. The government community forests website is located at:

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/community/index.htm.

Table 2.5: Number of existing tenures managed by MoFR.

Tenures Managed by the Ministry of Forests: 34 Tree Farm Licences 812 Woodlot Licences 11 Community Forest Agreements 168 replaceable and 147 non-replaceable Forest Licences 100 replaceable and 1, 357 active non-replaceable Timber Sales Licences 621 Timber Licences 10 Pulpwood Agreements Source: Ministry of Forest Annual Service Plan Report (2006/07)

39

http://www.bccfa.ca/index.php

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/community/index.htm


Figure 2.4: Apportionment of provincial annual allowable cut (AAC)

Source: Timber Tenures in British Columbia (2006).

I. Determination of ACC in the Timber Supply Review Process

The next three sections outline how the AAC is determined, requirements for forest

stewardship planning, site specific forestry planning, and how the public can provide input to

these processes. Figure 2.5 briefly outlines the different levels of forest planning.

The Timber Supply Review (TSR) is a decision-making process on the status of

timber supply within each of the 37 TSAs throughout the province. As required under the

Forest Act, a review of each TSA’s AAC must be undertaken by the Chief Forester at least

once every five years.

Tree Farm Licensees are required to complete a management plan, which includes a

timber supply analysis for the TFL. Recently, government started the Defined Forest Area

Management (DFAM) initiative (http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/dfam-website/), in which area-

based licensees and BCTS jointly undertake the TSR process. Currently, Licensees are not

required to participate. Rather, participation occurs on a voluntary basis. An initial transition

period, scheduled to end in 2005, has been extended to 2007 and review of DFAM is on-

going. Area-based licences, such as TFLs, WLs and community forest agreements, whose

40

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/dfam-website/


AAC is not part of the TSA, will not be subject to DFAM obligations. In general, the

objectives of DFAM are:41

• To transfer responsibility and accountability for core DFAM elements to industry;

• To ensure orderly transition from a government to industry;

• To ensure that minimum standards for performance are established,

communicated, reported on and enforced;

• To capitalize on the forest industry’s capability to effectively and efficiently

deliver key forest management functions; and,

• To provide a foundation for more advanced forest management activities such as

strategic and tactical level planning, enhanced forest management and certification.

Figure 2.6 outlines the workflows and timelines for the TSR process. This is followed

by a more detailed description of the DFAM reporting requirements.

41 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/dfam-website/Resources/DFAM%20Discussion%20Paper%20Sept%203.pdf Accessed August 15, 2006.

41

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/dfam-website/Resources/DFAM%20Discussion%20Paper%20Sept%203.pdf


Figure 2.5: Forest Planning in BC

Forest Act Guides tenure system and designates chief forester’s responsibility for setting AAC

Timber Supply Review

Undertaken by chief forester and/ or industry every five years to determine AAC

Forest Stewardship Plan

Identifies areas where road building, forest harvesting, and silviculture activities are proposed. Must be consistent with TSR

Management Plan Includes Timber Supply Analysis. Undertaken by TFL licensee every five years. Influences TSR decisions

Defined Forest Area ManagementIncludes Timber Supply Analysis. Undertaken jointly by all area-based licensees in a Timber Supply Area. Influences TSR decisions

Forest and Range Practices Act Regulates the activities of forest and range licensees

Visual Quality ObjectivesRequirements for VQOs outlined in FRPA. Specific VQOs set by District Forester. FSP must outline how VQOs will be met

Site Specific Forestry PlansIdentify location of roads and cut blocks

42


Figure 2.6: Proposed Workflows and timelines for the TSR and public consultation duties:42

MoE MAL

*Note: Public and First Nations Review - The public review process is required, however it could be developed to meet the needs of individual TSAs, as communities and First

Nations vary throughout the province. For example, the length of the public review period may vary, as well as the method and format for distribution of the information.

- The opportunity for First Nations and the public to review the data package will occur before MoFR acceptance. The review period for the analysis report will occur after MoFR acceptance.

- The DFAM group in partnership with MoFR must consult with First Nations in a manner consistent with MoFR policy. - The public will be advised of the opportunity to review the data package and the analysis report, either through ads in local news papers

or through other types of communications such as letters or phone calls. - In addition, the group may inform the public and First Nations throughout the data gathering and analysis stages.

42 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/dfam-website/Resources/DFAM%20Timber%20Supply%20Review%20Technical%20Info%20Sheet%20_V1.8_.pdf Accessed: July 31, 2006

43

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/dfam-website/Resources/DFAM%20Timber%20Supply%20Review%20Technical%20Info%20Sheet%20_V1.8_.pdf


Timber Supply Review Document Descriptions43

Data Package

The data package is a compilation of the best available information on the forest

resource inventory and the practices within the TSA for the purposes of conducting a timber

supply analysis. This is summarized into a less technical information report which is available

on the internet.

Information Report

The information report provides a general description of the draft data and

management assumptions that will be used in the subsequent analysis report. This document

is no longer produced as part of the current TSR process for TSAs under the DFAM initiative,

however you may find it in TRSs completed prior to 2003.

Analysis Report

The timber supply analysis section of this report provides information on the detailed

technical review of the volume of the timber available for harvesting over time. The socio-

economic analysis section provides information about the social and economic implications of

the timber supply projections as well as social and economic profiles of the communities in

the TSA.

Public Discussion Paper

This document includes a description of the TSR process, a summary of the timber

supply and socio-economic analysis, and the critical factors that may increase or decrease

timber supply. This document is no longer produced as part of the current TSR process for

TSAs under the DFAM initiative, however you may find it in TSRs completed prior to 2003.

Rationale for Allowable Annual Cut Determination

When the chief forester (or deputy chief forester) determines an AAC (s)he outlines

her/his reasoning in a rationale statement. When the chief forester (or deputy chief forester)

announces the new AAC, the rationale statement and the summary of public input are

released to the public.

43 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/tsa/TSR_document_description.pdf accessed: July 31, 2006

44

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/tsa/TSR_document_description.pdf


Summary of Public Input

This is a summary of the public input that has been received during the TSR for a

TSA. This summary is provided to the chief forester (or deputy chief forester) to review

before (s)he sets a new AAC. The summary is included as an appendix in the Rationale for

AAC Determination.

Resources for further information on TSRs

A schedule of DFAM TSRs can be found at:

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/schedtsa.htm. Schedule for TFL TSRs can be found at:

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/schedtfl.htm. Individuals can subscribe to an email list to receive

timber supply documents and AAC releases at: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/his/listserv/tsr.htm.

The Public Review Process begins once the data package is completed. Completed

data packages and other TSR documents are made available on the MoFR website:

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/tsas.htm. However, current data packages are only available

through hard-copy at the district office. General practice is to mail out data packages to

stakeholders (with an option for a meeting), making hard-copies available at district offices,

and taking out ads in local papers informing the public that the process is underway.

J. Forest Stewardship Planning

Forest Stewardship Plans (FSP) identify areas within which road building, forest

harvesting, and silviculture activities are proposed. FSPs do not need to show the actual

locations of future roads and cutblocks.

An FSP must include a map and detail results or strategies that are consistent with

government objectives for forest values as spelled-out in FRPA. This includes Visual Quality

Objectives (VQO) set out by the district forester. Once the FSP is approved, licensees and

resource professionals can innovatively manage to achieve these results or deliver on the

strategies. Areas covered by an FSP may be large, and some FSPs may be prepared by more

than one licensee.

FSPs have a term of up to five years and can be periodically amended. FRPA normally

requires public review and comment opportunities whenever a new FSP is being prepared or

an existing FSP is being amended (except for minor amendments). The government suggests

45

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/schedtsa.htm

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/schedtfl.htm

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/his/listserv/tsr.htm

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/tsas.htm


that even if an FSP is not being undertaken interested parties contact forest licensees who

operate in the area to inform them of their specific interests. This is especially important for

AT operators. A list of licensees is provided in Appendix F.

Forest licensees must:

• Publish one or more notices in the local newspaper stating when and where the

plan can be reviewed, and the address where written comments are to be

submitted;

• Make reasonable efforts to meet with First Nation groups affected by the FSP to

discuss the plan or amendment;

• Give the public a reasonable opportunity to review the plan if the FSP might affect

government-granted rights; and

• Make the FSP, or an amendment to an FSP, publicly available for review and

comment before submitting the plan or amendment to the BC Forest Service for

approval.

Normally, the public has 60 days from the date of the first notice in the newspaper to

review the plan and provide written comments. The government suggests the following to

help ensure that the public’s interests are fully considered:

• Identify interests, uses, and attributes in specified areas within the FSP that are

important to you;

• Identify your concerns about how forest development could affect those interests,

uses, and attributes;

• Provide any other information you feel the forest licensee needs to be aware of;

and

• Include your contact information.

If a member of the public misses the deadline, the government suggests that (s)he still

send written comments because the licensee may be able to address her/his interests.44

A forest licensee must consider any written comments that are relevant to the FSP and

were received during the review period. When submitting the FSP to the BC Forest Service

for approval, the licensee must include a copy of the published notice and a copy of written

comments received. Licensees must describe:

44 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/code/training/frpa/FSP_brochure.pdf, Retrieved August 23, 2006.

46

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/code/training/frpa/FSP_brochure.pdf


• Their efforts to gather input and comments on the plan; and

• How they changed the plan due to such comments.

The Forest Service, before considering a plan for approval, will determine whether the

licensee has met the obligations above. Once satisfied that these obligations have been met,

government will assess the plan to see if it meets criteria for approval.

More specific licensee FSP guidelines can be found at: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/timten/AGFSP/Documents/FSP%20Content%20checklist%20April%2015%202005.doc (FSP content review checklist) http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/timten/AGFSP/documents/AGFSP%20v%201.0.4c%20Feb%2014-06.doc (administrative guide for forest stewardship plans)

K. Site Specific Forestry Plans

The final opportunity for public access to information with respect to forestry

practices is during the creation of specific site plans. However, while these plans have to be

made available to the public, opportunity for public input is not required. As stated in FRPA:

There are no requirements in FRPA for public review & comment of site plans, but site plans must be publicly available upon request. It is the site plan holder’s responsibility to make the plan available at any reasonable time at the location of the holder’s place of business nearest the site.

Thus, it is up to interested public to contact Licensees if they would like to view site

plans. A list of Licensees is provided in Appendix F.

While Licensees have to prepare site plans for cutblocks or road construction the

government does not review, approve or enforce the plans. Site plans are required to be

consistent with an approved FSP.45

A site plan must:

• Identify the approximate location of roads or cut blocks;

• Identify how the intended results and/or strategies in the approved FSP apply to

the site; and

• Identify the standards units in the net area to be reforested and the corresponding

stocking standards and soil disturbance limits.

45 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/code/training/frpa/pdf/FRPA_Forestry_Companion_Guide_ver-2-3.pdf. Accessed July 31, 2006.

47

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/timten/AGFSP/Documents/FSP%20Content%20checklist%20April%2015%202005.doc

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/timten/AGFSP/Documents/FSP%20Content%20checklist%20April%2015%202005.doc

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/timten/AGFSP/documents/AGFSP%20v%201.0.4c%20Feb%2014-06.doc

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/timten/AGFSP/documents/AGFSP%20v%201.0.4c%20Feb%2014-06.doc

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/code/training/frpa/pdf/FRPA_Forestry_Companion_Guide_ver-2-3.pdf


While forest licensees have no obligation to consult the public or other land users at

the site specific forest plan level, AT operators who have a positive and consistent

relationship with their district forester and forest licensee will increase their ability to ensure

their interests are reflected in site plans.

Step 4: Initiating Contact and Developing Relationships with Neighbouring Land Managers

The next step, and perhaps the most critical, is to initiate contact and develop

relationships with neighbouring agencies including:

• Forest licensee(s);

• First Nations;

• Other tourism operators;

• Land tenure holders;

• Local municipalities and

regional districts; and

• Local and/or regional tourism

offices/associations

The main purpose of this step is to create a balanced and equitable relationship where

an AT operator and the other land manager(s) can openly request information from each other

(including proposed land management plans) and express concerns that address outstanding

land use issues prior to the forest stewardship planning process. Establishing such a

relationship will hopefully allow both the AT operator and the other party to clarify land use

issues, brainstorm and analyze potential solutions, and resolve concerns in a non-

confrontational and informal manner.46 Some of the key elements crucial to building such a

relationship are sincerity, honesty and a willingness to negotiate solutions that can benefit

both parties. An AT operator may need to portray these qualities while at the same time being

strong-willed and assertive in emphasizing her/his interests.

Consequently, establishing such a relationship will depend on the cooperation and

willingness of the forest licensee, First Nations, or other party. If successful in building a

relationship, it is strongly recommended that contact is regularly maintained, and that an

agreement is made to inform each other when changes occur which could potentially impact

the other party. This is particularly important with First Nations in light of current and

ongoing treaty settlements and negotiations.

46 Results of the Forest Development Planning Review conducted by the Forest Practices Board (2000) indicate that "the best FDPs and highest satisfaction levels among all participants were in those locations where plan preparers and government agencies demonstrate co-operative, respectful relationships, a high level commitment to the FDP process, and where the public is treated with respect and provided with adequate feedback” (p.5).

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Step 5: Building a Profile of Your Operation47

Once an AT operator has assessed her/his operating environment by collecting and

reviewing information pertaining to neighbouring land managers, current and planned land

activity, and other external factors of interest, the final step is to build a profile of an AT

operator’s operation. The profile will serve as a communication tool that will inform local

communities, First Nations, other land managers, and other interested parties of an AT

operator’s existence and dependence on a specific land area and its resources. In addition, the

profile should address specific issues raised in initial meetings with other land managers and

key decision makers.

The purpose in building a profile and providing information to other land managers

will differ from one operation to another. For example, an operator may wish to provide

information to those land managers that could potentially impact her/his operation in a

significant manner (e.g., forest licensee, First Nations residing in the area, regulatory agencies

such as ILMB, and any other key neighbours), thereby raising awareness and providing a

basis upon which to build a relationship. In these cases, it is effective for an AT operator to

develop and distribute a comprehensive profile of her/his operation.

An AT operator may also wish to inform residents and relevant businesses (e.g., the

Chamber of Commerce) in her/his community of their operation and interest in a specific land

base and resources. This can be done through membership in community-based organizations,

publications such as articles and letters to the editor in local newspapers, and other forms of

media coverage. By doing this, an AT operator may build support from the local residents.

As a general guide, an AT operator should build a profile that describes the following:

• Boundaries of the land area on which the AT operator is dependent, and the nature

and location of all facilities and ancillary uses (including trails/trail systems);

• Ownership of the land (Crown or private);

• The location and nature of all wilderness recreation activities within the area;

• Identification of access routes including roads, trails, flight paths, etc.;

• Time of year activities are conducted;

• Nature of any facilities or improvements, and how they contribute to the operation;

47 The next two sections are largely excerpted from ‘Wilderness resort operators’ land use planning guidebook, phase one’. (2001). Grant Thorton.

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• Key features of the operating area, such as wildlife viewing sites, trails, and other

viewscape locations;

• Areas of significant environmental, social, and/or cultural value; and

• AT operator actions which address environmental and community stewardship,

government and societal objectives, and the social/economic benefits of your

operation on the local, regional and/or provincial economy.

In addition to sending out the above profile, operators should provide information to

relevant government agencies to be included in the agencies’ inventory list(s) or database. For

this purpose, a detailed overview of the operation will not be needed. Rather, a brief

description stating the nature of the business will suffice. Other agencies falling into this

category that an operator may want to contact include:

Ministry of Forests District Office;

Local MLA;

Ministry of Tourism, Sport, and the Arts;

Integrated Land Management Bureau;

Other MTSA and ILMB tenure holders;

Tourism British Columbia;

Local First Nations;

Other tourism operators (without Crown land tenures);

Wilderness Tourism Association;

Council of Tourism Associations of British Columbia;

Local and/or regional tourism offices/associations;

BC Hydro (where applicable);

Ministry of Environment; and,

Ministry of Agriculture and Lands.

It is highly recommended that an AT operator update the profile of her/his operation

regularly and distribute it to the appropriate parties on a continual basis (perhaps bi-annually

or annually). This ensures that other land managers in the area are, and will continue to be,

aware of the AT operator’s interest and investment in the respective land and resources.

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3. LOOKING FORWARD

The AT industry is working together with government and other stakeholders to

develop business certainty around land and resource issues for nature-based tourism operators

in BC. The following section outlines what solutions are currently being worked towards. To

gain more information on any of these issues contact your industry representative or Brian

Gunn, WTA President.

A. Commercial Tourism Tenure Policy

The AT industry is working with government to create a new Adventure Tourism

Policy. The first draft of the new policy is scheduled to be completed by January 31, 2007.

Industry hopes to address issues of tenure security48, harmonization, and pricing. Specific

goals of the AT industry include:

a. Developing a comprehensive and integrated commercial tourism policy framework, which ensures that all components of tourism on Crown land, including commercial recreation (inside and outside protected areas), all-season resorts and public recreation are included.

b. Building an effective tenure system for tourism operators which ensures that commercial recreation and all-season resort tenures issued under the Land Act provide the long-term certainty and security necessary for the success of the sector. Specific items for resolution include:

i. Tenure takings and compensation ii. Policy pricing (fees and rentals)

• developing pricing that is logical, fair and reflects the bundle of rights that an operator will hold under the new policy

• daily use fees for non-profits and educational institutions • land assessments and lease fees (a.k.a. highest and best use)

iii. Overlapping tenures iv. Document language v. Clarifying who requires tenure under the policy (addressing “grey” areas)

vi. Harmonization of Land Act and Park Act tenures vii. “Blanket” and/or area-based tenures

viii. Incidental use ix. Tenures for club and educational use

48 Heidt and Williams (2005)

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B. Limits of Acceptable Change

During the fall of 2006 a special committee of tourism operators and government will

begin to study the utility of the limits of acceptable change (LAC) planning method in dealing

with questions of carrying capacity. LAC has shown positive results in the US and elsewhere.

Specifically, they will look at ways in which objective measures of experience and

environmental quality can guide management objectives for backcountry areas. The process

will begin with two pilot projects: Johnstone Strait and the areas around Golden.

C. Compliance and Enforcement

Current division of responsibilities places enforcement officers under the guidance of

ILMB. The WTA and other representatives believe that enforcement officers lack the means

to enforce land use plans and corresponding legislation. For this reason the AT industry is

working towards strengthening compliance and enforcement efforts. Specifically, the AT

industry is seeking dedicated tourism compliance and enforcement resources to ensure that

un-tenured operators are required to obtain tenure (or cease operation), that tenure provisions

are enforced, that public and AT operators respect land use designations, and that all

recreational users use appropriate behaviours to sustain natural values and experiences.

D. Links To Other Resource Sectors

The AT industry is working to ensure that tourism interests are addressed in resource

decisions – despite government’s focus on and support for tourism, resource decisions are

made every day in forestry, mining, fisheries and oil and gas which harm the natural values on

which the sector is based. The AT industry wants government to make certain that decisions

occur only after tourism operators are consulted and their interests are accommodated. In

particular, FRPA and Forest Stewardship Plans are pressing issues.

Presently, the greatest level of AT input to other resource sector decisions is at the

operator level. For this reason, it is imperative that AT operators take the pro-active steps

outlined in this guidebook to create positive relationships with other resource users in the

area.

Also important is coordinating commercial and public recreation. In the past,

commercial and public recreation have been managed largely in isolation from each other.

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The WTA feels that these two forms of tourism have the opportunity to complement each

other, but in the current system they often interact negatively. To address this issue the

government is working to coordinate commercial and public recreation. Specific to this goal,

the AT industry, government and other stakeholders, are working toward the completion of

the Off-Road Vehicle (ORV) licensing initiative, and involving public recreation

representatives on the Commercial Recreation Joint Steering Committee on issues of common

interest. ORV legislation has been written; however, government has not yet tabled it.

E. Links To First Nations

In an environment of on-going First Nation treaty negotiations, the AT industry is

working to ensure that tourism interests are recognized in relationships with First Nations.

Specifically, this includes the identification of tourism tenures in land selection, and ensuring

that tenures are secure if Crown lands transfer to First Nations in treaties.

F. Insurance

COTA has been working with insurance companies to lower the cost of insurance for

tourism operators. To this end, COTA has written an Insurance and Risk Management

Program Handbook. The following is the premise of the COTA program:

Accurately and expertly assessed business information, in conjunction with an appropriate risk management program, should reduce the insurance premium charged to a tourism business.

Detailed information about the program can be found on COTA’s website:

http://www.cotabc.com/business_services/insurance.aspx

The handbook can be accessed on the WTA website:

http://www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca/docs/Insurance_and_Risk_Management_Handbook.pdf

G. Mountain Pine Beetle Action Plan

The BC government has created a Mountain Pine Beetle Action Plan to coordinate the

province’s response to the mountain pine beetle infestation. The Action Plan guides all levels

of government, communities, industries and stakeholders working to mitigate impacts of the

pine beetle. It addresses forestry and environmental issues as well as economic, social and

53

http://www.cotabc.com/business_services/insurance.aspx

http://www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca/docs/Insurance_and_Risk_Management_Handbook.pdf


cultural sustainability. More information can be found on the Ministry Forest and Range

website: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/

In September 2004, the Chief Forester increased the allowable annual cut in the Prince

George, Quesnel and Lakes TSAs – the three TSAs in the province being hardest hit by the

mountain pine beetle. The focus of the increase is salvaging pine forests with moderate to

high levels of mortality as a result of the beetle. Several non-replaceable forest licences have

been advertised and awarded as part of the disposition strategy for the beetle uplift volume.

Additional TSAs will likely be impacted by the Action Plan as these areas become infested

with mountain pine beetle.

An increase in the AAC could have significant impacts on tourism businesses in these

regions. In response, the Cariboo-Chilcotin Beetle Action Coalition, a consortium of land use

stakeholders, commissioned a study to identify those forested lands that currently sustain or

have the potential to sustain wilderness tourism activities or operations with the further

objective of ensuring the economic opportunity associated with these areas are not unduly

impacted by enhanced AAC harvesting of mountain pine beetle kill wood. The study used

GIS mapping and operator interviews to identify integral forested areas for tourism businesses

in the region, and suggested a harvesting plan that would minimize the impact on their

tourism industry. As the lead agency for the study, the West Chilcotin Tourism Association

(contact information listed in Appendix E) can provide information on the Beetle Action

Coalition and the study methodology. The study is scheduled for publication in the Fall of

2006.

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http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/


4. CASE STUDIES

A. Knight Inlet Lodge

Knight Inlet Lodge, a grizzly bear viewing resort located north of Campbell River,

provides an example where:

° A tourism operator and a forest licensee were unsuccessful in developing a

relationship to resolve land use issues prior to the forest development planning

process,

° The forest company was not initially willing to negotiate with the tourism operator,

and

° The operator had to spend significant time and resources to protect their land-use

interests.

Prior to the development of a forest plan for the area, neither the respective forest licensee

or the tourism operator made an attempt to contact one another to discuss land use plans

and/or concerns. Consequently, the forest development planning process commenced and

resulted in a proposed plan to harvest 13 hectares of alder trees directly across Glendale Cove

from Knight Inlet Lodge. The proposed harvesting site is significant to Knight Inlet Lodge as

it is subject to a high concentration of grizzly bears. Harvesting the site could potentially

affect the grizzly bear viewing and the lodge’s viewscape.

Although the public was informed of, and invited to comment on, the harvesting plan

through a newspaper advertisement, Knight Inlet Lodge was not notified individually and was

not aware of the advertisement. Thus, they did not know about the planned logging until

surveying in the area began. Once they realized what was proposed, the tourism operator

immediately raised his concerns with the District Manager and the forest company. Meetings

between the company, the Ministry of Forest, and Knight Inlet Lodge were held, however, it

was intended that the FDP go ahead as planned.

The situation rapidly changed when a new forest company gained the right to harvest in

the Kingcome Timber Supply Area, which includes Glendale Cove. An economic evaluation

of bear viewing vs. logging was conducted by Tourism BC’s Research Department. Through

55


WTA contacts, this information was used to conduct negotiations with the new licensee and

an agreement that the alder trees would not be harvested within the year was reached. Because

of the strong will of Knight Inlet Lodge and public support for protection in the area logging

of Glendale Cove has been put off on a year-to-year basis.

The Knight Inlet Lodge operator suggests that tourism operators who experience similar

land-use conflicts in their area:

° Recognize that only an owner/operator is going to have the passion and drive to

fight for the survival of their business. For this reason it is critical that the operator

create the time to be knowledgeable of, and willing to fight for, the natural

resources that are important to their business;

° Create allies within and outside of the tourism industry. Allies with other tourism

operators, tourism associations, and government staff can play an important role

in realizing one’s land use interests;

° Find a champion for your cause. This may be within or outside government,

however, it is important to align with individuals that feel passionately about your

conflict; and

° Continue your fight at higher levels of government or within the company if you

are not satisfied with the outcome at the regional level.

The push to manage Glendale Cove in a manner that will sustain bear populations and

Knight Inlet Lodge’s viewscape is on going. The forest licensee still has the right to cut in the

area; however constant pressure from the tourism operator has prevented this to date. Knight

Inlet Lodge is currently working with government to realize a long-term solution to this land-

use issue.

B. Babine Norlakes Management Ltd.

Babine Norlakes Management Ltd. is a small fishing lodge that has worked tirelessly to

implement sound management in the Babine watershed. The owner/operator realized early on

that the logging practices around Babine River were unsustainable and had the potential to

destroy the ecosystem that his business depended on for survival. In 1986, the lodge reviewed

the local logging plans to discover that clear cuts almost to the rivers edge and 3 bridges

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spanning Babine River were planned for the area. He has been working toward protecting this

watershed ever since.

The fight to protect the area has been long and multifaceted. Babine Norlakes Management

Ltd. has:

° Lobbied all levels of government, from local councillors to provincial and

federal ministers;

° Participated in planning processes from the regional to local level; and,

° Initiated non-profit organizations and foundations to organize those committed

to responsible management of the Babine watershed and monitor logging

operations, land use plans, and park management in the area.

The following suggestions were provided for tourism operators who have land use

conflict in their area:

° Do not wait for government or other groups to become active stewards of the

environment. Operators must be active in the land use decisions in their area

and fight to maintain the quality of the natural environment required for their

business. None of the planning processes in the province have been initiated

without strong push from the public and industry groups. If operators desire a

planning process to be undertaken or managed in their area they must actively

lobby the government to this end.

° Coordinate your efforts to produce desired land use management outcomes.

The host of issues and number of hours required to be involved in land

management issues require a huge commitment. A coordinated group can be

more effective than one individual.

° Participate in the provincial political process. Begin at you local level, by

speaking with your municipal counsel, local MLA and MP. If you are unable

to achieve the desired outcome, begin contacting minister’s offices etc.

° Produce high quality material to educate other stakeholders (government,

logging companies, tourism associations etc.). In addition to writing letters,

produce consultant reports on the environmental issues in the area and

economic importance of tourism to the local economy.

57


° Be patient and persistent. Getting the results you desire can take years of

meetings, report writing and negotiation. However, without such commitment

the natural resources in your area will not be protected.

Babine Norlakes Management Ltd. views their role in environmental stewardship as on-

going. Through the development of the Babine Watershed Monitoring Trust and the Babine

River Foundation, the lodge continues monitoring and managing their local environment. In

addition, their experiences are being applied to the fight for sustainable management of the

entire Skeena watershed.

C. Valemount to Blue River SRMP

The Valemount to Blue River SRMP represents a local level resource management plan

that addresses recreation conflicts on Crown land. A winter recreation plan, the SRMP strives

toward tourism, community and environmental sustainability. Included in the consultation

process were public user groups, tourism operators, and local and provincial governments.

The SRMP was formally conducted from December 2003 thru February 2005, however,

the coordination of stakeholders and the identification of issues and solutions began as far

back as 1998. A representative group of stakeholders, who were committed to addressing

recreation use issues and had made some progress toward solutions, persuaded the provincial

government to participate in a SRMP for the area. The resulting SRMP: identified recreation

zones for specific uses; created pilot controlled recreation areas (CRAs) for small areas of

terrain significant to the tourism industry; improved integration of industry user groups;

provided tools for community development; and improved public education and safety.

Two years into implementation of the SRMP, new investments have been made in

snowmobile infrastructure and, through a reduction in incidents of conflict, safety and

experience has improved for all users. However, government has yet to implement agreed

upon area closures under section 58 of FRPA49. In addition, adequate multi-year enforcement

funding for conservation officers has not been secured.

A tourism operator who participated in the creation of the Valemount to Blue River

SRMP recommends the following to operators who are interested in initiating a local level

planning process in their area: 49 Section 58 of FRPA allows the government to restrict or prohibit certain activities to protect a recreation or range resource or to manage public recreation use on Crown land.

58


° Develop broad support from industry, public users, environmental organizations

and local government for undertaking the process, before approaching provincial

government for assistance;

° Study existing SRMPs and recreation plans for ideas on creating a successful

process (i.e. understand what tools have been used with success);

° Spend time, as a stakeholder group, finding an experienced facilitator that provides

clarity and understanding among interest groups;

° Think outside the box. Consider your interests and the interests of other user

groups to create solutions that meet all stakeholders needs; and

° Consider offering monetary and human resource support for facilitation, mapping,

enforcement etc. to ensure the success of the process.

As an example of these last two suggestions, heli-ski operators agreed to pay an additional

$6 per client day for the security provided by CRA’s. They asked that these additional fees be

put toward enforcement; however, this has yet to occur. During plan negotiations, tenured

tourism operators and local recreation users voluntarily shifted some areas of use to ensure

safety and certainty for all users. A local recreation development association was also formed

to coordinate local implementation of the plan, including development of snowmobile terrain

and education of visiting users.

The Valemount to Blue River SRMP can be viewed here:

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/lup/srmp/southern/valemount/index.html.

D. Nechako Lodge

Nechako Lodge is located ninety kilometres SW of Vanderhoof on Knewstubb Lake in

Central British Columbia. A fishing lodge, which provides fly-in fishing, hiking, and

canoeing, Nechako Lodge is dependent upon maintaining a wilderness experience for its

guests.

To manage the natural environment Nechako Lodge has been involved in the Vanderhoof

LRMP and other environmental issues in the Vanderhoof area since 1993. The vast number of

issues and land use planning meetings and processes has made it difficult to ensure that

tourism’s voice is heard. Recognizing the advantages of coordinating their efforts, operators

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http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/lup/srmp/southern/valemount/index.html


in the area formed the Upper Nechako Wilderness Council. The council is composed of 14

wilderness tourism operators in the Sourthern Vanderhoof Forest District.

One of their key initiatives was the creation of a wilderness resource management plan,

which outlines the wilderness operator’s land use needs. The plan is used to respond to

government land use planning questions, forest stewardship plans, and other resource

extraction consultation processes. In addition, the plan has been sent to government and

industry officials to increase the exposure of wilderness operators’ needs and importance in

the area.

The owner’s of Nechako Lodge have the following advice for tourism operators:

° Ensure your business and your land use needs are understood by the various

agencies and ministries at the district level.

° Create a relationship with the forest district manager. It is integral that your area and

needs are known by the Ministry of Forest and Range.

° Respond to Forest Stewardship Plans. Make sure you are on the mail list of, and

actively respond to, the forest district office, timber licensees, and BC timber sales.

° Coordinate your efforts with other tourism operators in your area. Your interests and

concerns have more impact when they are voiced in a collective and cohesive

manner.

The Nechako Wilderness Council has also been using their partnership to represent

wilderness tourism’s needs at the Vanderhoof LRMP table. Because of Mountain Pine Beetle

harvesting strategies the original LRMP requires revisions. One component of updating the

LRMP is determining how to manage the proliferation of resource roads required to harvest

the beetle kill wood. These new roads create 4-wheel drive and all-terrain vehicle access in

areas that used to be hike-in or fly-in access only.

To tackle the access issue the LRMP table created a draft Recreation Access Management

Plan (RAMP). Once all table members, including representatives of the recreation vehicle

community, agreed to the draft RAMP it was sent out for public comment. Though a degree

of resistance to reducing backcountry access has occurred from some community members,

an organized wilderness tourism operator’s position ensured that their stakeholder interests

were represented in the draft RAMP.

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The need to protect tourism values in the area is on-going and the Mountain Pine Beetle

epidemic has increased the need for a coordinated effort from wilderness tourism operators.

The development of the Upper Nechako Wilderness Council is an important example of how

to realize this need.

E. Chilcotin Holidays

Chilcotin Holidays is a guest ranch located two hours north of Whistler BC, in the

South Chilcotin. Providing guest ranch stays, horse packing, hiking, mountain-biking, fishing,

guide outfitting, wildlife viewing, wilderness guide training and skiing, Chilcotin Holidays

requires a variety of land tenures to operate its business. These include: A guide outfitter

licence, multiple park use permits for both extensive and intensive use, commercial recreation

tenures that also include extensive and intensive area use, a commercial angling guide licence,

and a range licence. Even with such an extensive list of land rights Chilcotin Holidays has

been working tirelessly for sustainable land management in the South Chilcotin.

Although tourism was not initially invited to sit at the Lillooet Land and Resource

Management Plan (LRMP) table, Chilcotin Holiday’s owner/operators attended every

meeting during the first two years. At this stage in the process tourism was granted a seat at

the table and in 2001, six years after the inception of the LRMP, the table presented two plans

to government. While considerable agreement was reached in many areas, a

community/industry group and a conservation/recreation/tourism (CRT) group were not able

to come to agreement on some key issues, resulting in the two separate plans. The BC

government at the time accepted the plan submitted by the CRT group, which included a

provincial park in the South Chilcotin. The Mining Association of BC, who had earlier

walked away from the planning table, argued that the creation of the park would have a

significant negative impact on mining in the province. The dispute led to a review of the

LRMP, including the possible decommissioning of the new park, by the recently elected

provincial government.

At this stage the local land use plan became a provincial issue and Chilcotin Holidays,

the WTA, COTA and various other tourism operators and sector tourism associations began

lobbying government to preserve the park. These groups recognized two points of leverage.

The first was the importance of provincial parks to BC residents and the negative publicity

decommissioning a park during Vancouver’s bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics could bring to

61


the province. The second component to their argument was the significant economic return

the park provided to the province. Unfortunately, few studies measuring the economic impact

of tourism in BC had been produced. Tourism operators and associations worked together to

contract an independent consultant to create a report on the economic impacts of tourism in

South Chilcotin Provincial Park. Conservative estimates demonstrated that in 2001 tourist

spending in the park totalled $11.4 million. This did not include revenue derived from smaller

tourism operators, independent vacationers using the park, or income from vacation time

spent in travel to and from the park. In addition, tourism operators employed 180 employees

directly and indirectly and paid $3 million in wages. The report clearly presented the

significant contribution of tourism to BC’s economy and provided a business case for

preserving the high quality land base for tourism use.

Armed with this new information the WTA and COTA set up meetings with MLAs,

provincial ministers, their deputies, and The Mining Association of BC. After two years of

negotiating and lobbying, tourism, mining and government agreed to keep the slightly

modified park intact for wilderness tourism and approved the new South Chilcotin Provincial

Park.

The owner/operators of Chilcotin Holidays offer the following lessons to other

operators who are facing similar land use disputes in their area:

o Work with your provincial and sector tourism associations. Becoming a member and

working with these agencies improves lobbying power and results in a more efficient

use of the expertise that is available.

o Create and collect the scientific and economic data that support your interests. Ensure

that at a minimum you have access to, or have created, the following for your area:

o A tourism economic impact study,

o Maps showing areas of significant tourism value,

o A resource inventory.

o Be tenacious. Land security will only be realized through hard work. The tourism

industry, BC’s economy, and public perception are continually evolving, requiring

operators and tourism associations to persist in their efforts to secure their land

interests.

Chilcotin Holidays observed first hand the positive role maps, reports and studies,

which demonstrate tourism’s importance in BC’s economy, can play in securing an operator’s

62


land use needs. The owner/operators at Chilcotin Holidays are proud of the approach taken by

the tourism industry in this dispute. Various tourism operators and associations worked

together and with government to realize an outcome that met the interests of tourism, mining

and the local community.

63


APPENDICES

A. MoFR District Office Information

Coast Forest Region

Coast Forest Region 2100 Labieux Road Nanaimo, BC V9T 6E9 Ph: 250-751-7001 Fax: 250-751-7190 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/rco/

Campbell River Forest District 370 S. Dogwood St. Campbell River, BC V9W 6Y7 Ph: 250-286-9300 Fax: 250-286-9490 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dcr/

Chilliwack Forest District 46360 Airport Rd. Chilliwack, BC V2P 1A5 Ph: 604-702-5700 Fax: 604-702-5711 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dck/ North Coast Forest District 125 Market Pl. Prince Rupert, BC V8J 1B9 Ph: 250-624-7460 Fax: 250-624-7479 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dnc/ North Island – Central Coast Forest District 2217 Mine Road PO Box 7000 Port McNeill, BC V0N 2R0 Ph: 250-956-5000

64


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/rco/


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dcr/


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dck/


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dnc/


Fax: 250-956-5079 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dni/ Queen Charlotte Islands Forest District 1229 Cemetary Rd. PO Box 39 Queen Charlotte City, BC V0T 1S0 Ph: 250-559-6200 Fax: 250-559-8342 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dqc/ South Island Forest District 4885 Cherry Creek Rd. Port Alberni, BC V9Y 8E9 Ph: 250-731-3000 Fax: 250-731-3010 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dsi/ Squamish Forest District Suite 101 42000 Loggers Lane Squamish, BC V8B 0H3 Ph: 604-898-2100 Fax: 604-898-2191 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dsq/ Sunshine Coast Forest District 7077 Duncan St. Powel River, BC V8A 1W1 Ph: 604-485-0700 Fax: 604-485-0799 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dsc/

Northern Interior Forest Region

Northern Interior Forest Region 5th Floor 1011 4th Ave. Prince George, BC V2L 3H9 Ph: 250-565-6100 Fax: 250-565-6671 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/rni/ Fort Nelson Forest District RR#1 Mile 301 Alaska Highway

65


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dni/


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dqc/


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dsi/


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dsq/


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dsc


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/rni/


Fort Nelson, BC V0C 1R0 Ph: 250-774-5511 Fax: 250-774-3704 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dfn/ Fort St. James Forest District Box 100 Stones Bay Rd. Fort St. James, BC V0J 1P0 Ph: 250-996-5200 Fax: 250-996-5290 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dja Kalum Forest District Rm.200 5220 Keith Ave. Terrace, BC V8G 1L1 Ph: 250-638-5100 Fax: 250-638-5176 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dkm Mackenzie Forest District Bag 5000, 1 Cicada Rd. Mackenzie, BC V0J 2C0 Ph: 250-997-2200 Fax: 250-997-2236 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dmk Nadina Forest District Box 3500 185 Yellowhead Hwy. Burns Lake BC, V0J 1E0 Ph: 250-692-2200 Fax: 250-692-7461 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dnd Peace Forest District 9000 17th St. Dawson Creek, BC V1G 4A4 Ph: 250-784-1200 Fax: 250-784-0143 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dpc Prince George Forest District 2000 S. Ospika Blvd. Prince George, BC V2N 4W5

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http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dfn/



http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dkm


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dmk


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dnd


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dpc


Ph: 250-614-7400 Fax: 250-614-7435 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dpg Skeena Stikine Forest District 3333 Tatlow Rd. Smithers, BC V0J 2N0 Ph: 250-847-6300 Fax: 250-847-6353 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dss Vanderhoof Forest District Box 190 1522 Hwy 16 East Vanderhoof, BC V0J 3A0 Ph: 250-697-6363 Fax: 250-567-6370 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dva

Southern Interior Forest Region

Southern Interior Forest Region 515 Columbia St. Kamloops, BC V2C 2T7 Ph: 250-828-4131 Fax: 250-828-4154 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/rsi 100 Mile house Forest District Box 129 300 South Cariboo Highway 100 Mile House, BC V0K 2E0 Ph: 250-395-7800 Fax: 250-395-7810 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dmh Arrow Boundary Forest District 845 Columbia Ave. Castlegar , BC V1N 1H3 Ph: 250-365-8600 Fax: 250-365-8568 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dab Cascades Forest District PO Box 4400 Station Main

67


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dpg


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dss


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dva


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/rsi


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dmh


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dab


3840 Airport Road Merritt, BC V1K 1B8 Ph: 250-378-8400 Fax: 250-378-8481 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dcs Central Cariboo Forest Office 200-640 Borland St. Williams Lake, BC V2G 4T1 Ph: 250-398-4345 Fax: 250-398-4790 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dcc Chilcotin Forest District Box 65 Stum Lake Rd. Alexis Creek, BC V0L 1A0 Ph: 250-394-4700 Fax: 250-394-4515 Email: [email protected] Columbia Forest District Box 9158 RPO#3 7561 Beg Eddy Rd. Revelstoke, BC V0E 3K0 Ph: 250-837-7611 Fax: 250-837-7626 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dco Headwaters Forest District Box 4502 RR#2, 687 Yellowhead S. Highway Clearwater, BC V0E 1N0 Ph: 250-587-6700 Fax: 250-587-6790 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dhw Kamloops Forest District 1265 Dalhousie Dr. Kamloops, BC V2C 5Z5 Ph: 250-371-6500 Fax: 250-828-4627 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dka Kootenay Lake Forest District 1907 Ridgewood Rd.

68


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dcs


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dcc



http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dco


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dhw


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dka


Nelson, BC V1L6K1 Ph: 250-825-1100 Fax: 250-825-9657 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dkl Okanagan Shuswap Forest District 2501 14th Ave. Vernon BC, V1T 8Z1 Ph: 250-558-1700 Fax: 250-549-5485 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dos Quesnel Forest District 322 Johnstron Ave. Quesnel, BC V2J 3M5 Ph: 250-992-4400 Fax: 250-992-4403 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dqu Rocky Mountain Forest District 1902 Theatre Rd. Cranbrook, BC V1C 7G1 Ph: 250-426-1700 Fax: 250-426-1777 Email: [email protected]: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/drm

69


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dkl


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dos


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/dqu


http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/drm


B. Land Area Definitions50

Crown Land: Land that is owned by the Crown. Referred to as federal Crown land

when it is owned by Canada and as provincial Crown land when owned by a province.

Private Land: Land owned by a private interest. Private land is still subject to

provincial and federal use restrictions.

Strategic Land Use Plan Zones

The zones identified in strategic land use plans have been uniquely developed for each

plan area. They are designed to meet the specific needs of the various interest groups who

were part of the planning process. The zones can, in general, be divided into three broad

categories: protected areas, integrated resource management zones, and agriculture/settlement

zones.

Protected Areas

Areas such as provincial parks, federal parks, wilderness areas, ecological reserves,

and recreation areas that have protected designations according to federal and provincial

statutes. Protected areas are land and freshwater or marine areas set aside to protect BC’s

diverse natural and cultural heritage. Currently there are 852 Provincial Parks and protected

areas in the province, covering 13.8% of British Columbia’s land base.51

Integrated Resource Management Zones

Integrated Resource Management Zones (RMZs) range from those focusing on

enhancing resource use values, to those focusing on special environmental values while

enabling resource use. Generally, there are three RMZs: enhanced, general, and special

management. However, more recent LRMPs have steered away from these categories.

50 Most information in this section was taken directly from: http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/lrmp/data/lup_brochure/index.htm. Accessed August 4, 2006. 51 http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/facts/stats.html. Accessed August 4, 2006.

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http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/lrmp/data/lup_brochure/index.htm



Enhanced Zones

While not all land use plans have these zones, currently 16 percent52 of the province

has been recognized for enhanced resource use, focusing on improving timber values.

General Zones

Twenty-three percent of the province currently fits into the general zone category.

These zones are managed for a wide variety of resource values and permissible uses.

Special Management Zones

Special management zones are established where resource development will be

integrated with a wide range of conservation values including tourism, water, wildlife,

backcountry recreation and biological diversity. Resource development is permitted in these

areas but must be planned and undertaken in a way that addresses these special values.

Fourteen percent of BC is currently within special management zones.

Agriculture/Settlement Zones

At present, about 8 percent of the province falls into these zones, including private

lands, lands subject to municipal and local government zoning (through Official Community

Plans), and areas in the Agricultural Land Reserve. This zone category may include areas

targeted for future settlement through growth management strategies.

52 Because not all LRMP processes used these land designations and not all areas of the province have completed LRMPs the numbers in this section do not add to 100%.

71


C. Land and Resource Management Plans Status

Completed Regional Land Use Plans and LRMPs

Bulkley Cariboo-Chilcotin Cassiar-Iskut-Stikine Central Coast Dawson Creek Fort Nelson Fort St. James Fort St. John Kalum South Kamloops Kispiox Kootenay-Boundary Lakes District MacKenzie North Coast Okanagan-Shuswap Prince George Robson Valley Vancouver Island Vanderhoof

LRMPs in progress

Lillooet Morice Queen Charlotte Islands/Haida Gwaii Sea to Sky

Areas without LRMPs

Atlin-Taku Dease-Liard Chilliwack Merritt Nass Sunshine Coast A detailed list of all completed LRMPs, SRMPs, and recreational plans can be found on the ILMB website at:http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/lup/

72

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/lup/


D. List of First Nation Communities in BC

For detailed information on First Nation Communities, treaty negotiation status, and traditional territory claims see:

http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/negotiation/bc_first_nations.htm.

Coast Forest Region: Nation/Council Location (closest

community) Affiliated Bands Contact Information Treaty Negotiation Status

Chehalis Indian Band Agassiz Chehalis Indian Band (604) 796-2116 Not currently participating in treaty negotiations

Ditidaht First Nation Bamfield Ditidaht First Nation (250) 745-3333 BCTC Esquimalt Nation Esquimalt Esquimalt Nation (250) 381-7861 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Gwawaenuk Tribe Port McNeil Gwawaenuk Tribe (250) 949-8732 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Massett Old Masset Village Council (250) 626-3337 Haida Nation Queen Charlotte City

Skidegate Band Council (250) 559-4496 BCTC

Haisla Nation Kitimat Kitamaat Village Council (250) 639-9361 BCTC Campbell River Campbell River Indian Band (250) 286-6949 Campbell River Cape Mudge Band (250) 285-3316 Courtenay K’ómoks Nation (250) 339-4545

Hamatla Treaty Society

Sayward Kwiakah First Nations (250) 286-1295

BCTC

Heiltsuk Nation Bella Bella Heiltsuk Nation (250) 957-2381 BCTC Homalco Indian Band Campbell River Homalco Indian Band (250) 923-4979 BCTC

Ladysmith Chemainus First Nation (250) 245-7155 Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group Duncan Cowichan Tribes (250) 748-3196

BCTC

73

http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/negotiation/bc_first_nations.htm


Nation/Council Location (closest community)

Affiliated Bands Contact Information Treaty Negotiation Status

Duncan Halalt First Nation (250) 246-4736 Lake Cowichan Lake Cowichan First Nation (250) 383-1135 Ladysmith Lyackson First Nations 1-888-592-5766

Ladysmith Penelakut Indian Band 1-877-246-0530

Hupacasath First Nation Port Alberni Hupacasath First Nation (250) 724-4041 BCTC Squamish Douglas First Nations (604) 820-3082 Squamish Samahquam First Nation (604) 700-3374

In-SHUCK-ch Council

Whistler Skatin First Nation (604) 894-6931

BCTC

Katzie First Nation Vancouver Katzie First Nation (604) 465-8961 BCTC Kitkatla First Nation Kitkatla Kitkatla First Nation (250) 848-2214 Discussions outside of BCTC process Klahoose First Nation Campbell River Klahoose First Nation (250) 935-6536 BCTC Kwakiutl Band Council Port Hardy Kwakiutl Band Council (250) 949-6012 BCTC Kwikwetlem First Nation Coquitlam Kwikwetlem First Nation (604) 540-0680 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Laxkw'alaams Indian Band Prince Rupert Laxkw'alaams Indian Band (250) 625-3293 BCTC Lil'wat First Nation Mount Currie Lil'wat First Nation (604) 894-6115 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Bamfield Huu-ay-aht First Nation (250) 728-3414 Kyuquot Ka:'yu:'k't'h'/Che:k:tles7et'h'

First Nation (250) 332-5259

Ucluelet Toquaht First Nation 1-877-726-4230 Bamfield Uchucklesaht Tribe 1-888-724-1832

Maa-nulth First Nations

Ucluelet Ucluelet First Nation (250) 726-7342

BCTC

Mamalilikulla-Qwe'Qwa'Sot'Em Band

Campbell River Mamalilikulla-Qwe'Qwa'Sot'Em Band

1-888-287-2955 Not currently participating in treaty negotiations

Port Hardy Kwicksutaineuk/Ah-Kwa-Mish Tribes

(250) 974-3001

Port McNeill ‘Namgis First Nation (250) 974-5556

Musgamagw Tsawataineuk Tribal Council

Port Hardy Tsawataineuk Indian Band (250) 974-3013

Discussions outside of BCTC process

74




Musqueam Indian Band Vancouver Musqueam Indian Band (604) 263-3261 BCTC N'Quatqua Band D’Arcy N'Quatqua Band (604) 452-3221 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Tofino Ahousaht First Nation (250) 670-9563 or

(250) 670-9531 Bamfield Huu-ay-aht First Nation (250) 728-3414 Ucluelet Toquaht First Nation 1-877-726-4230 Bamfield Ditidaht First Nation (250) 745-3333 Kyuquot Ka:'yu:'k't'h'/Che:k:tles7et'h'

First Nation (250) 332-5259

Port Alberni Tseshaht First Nation (250) 724-1225 Tahsis Ehattesaht First Nation (250) 761-4155 Gold River Mowachaht/Muchalaht First

Nations (250) 283-2015

Bamfield Uchucklesaht Tribe 1-888-724-1832 Gold River Hesquiaht First Nation (250) 670-1100 Tahsis Nuchatlaht First Nation (250) 724-8609 Ucluelet Ucluelet First Nation (250) 726-7342 Port Alberni Hupacasath First Nation (250) 724-4041

Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council

Tofino Tla-o-qui-aht First Nation 1-800-883-7707

BCTC

Nuxalk Nation Bella Coola Nuxalk Nation 1-877-799-5959 Discussions outside of BCTC process Pacheedaht First Nation Port Renfrew Pacheedaht First Nation 1-888-231-1110 BCTC Pauquachin First Nation Sidney Pauquachin First Nation (250) 656-0191 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Peters Band Hope Peters Band (604) 794-7059 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Qayqayt First Nation New Westminster Qayqayt First Nation (604) 451-0531 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Qualicum First Nation Qualicum Beach Qualicum First Nation (250) 757-9337 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations

75

http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/negotiation/first_nations_in_the_process/nuu_chah_nulth.htm




Sechelt Indian Band Sechelt Sechelt Indian Band (604) 885-2273 or (604) 688-3017

BCTC

Semiahmoo First Nation Surrey Semiahmoo First Nation (604) 536-3101 Not currently participating in treaty negotiations

Sliammon First Nation Powell River Sliammon First Nation (604) 483-9646 BCTC Snuneymuxw First Nation Nanaimo Snuneymuxw First Nation (250) 740-2300 BCTC Squamish First Nation Squamish Squamish First Nation (604) 980-4553 BCTC

Mission Aitchelitz Band (604) 792-3104 Hope Chawathil Band (604) 869-9994 Harrison Hot Springs

Cheam Indian Band (604) 794-7924

Abbotsford Kwantlen First Nation (604) 888-2488 Mission Kwaw-kwaw-a-pilt First

Nation (604) 792-6490

Mission Lakahahmen First Nation (604) 826-7976 Abbotsford Matsqui First Nation (604) 826-6145 Harrison Hot Springs

Popkum Band (604) 793-7844

Mission Scowlitz First Nation 1-888-926-5813 Harrison Hot Springs

Seabird Island Band (604) 796-2177

Mission Skway First Nation (604) 792-9316 Hope Shxw'ow'hamel First Nation (604) 869-2627 Hope Skawahlook First Nation (604) 796-9533 Mission Skowkale First Nation (604) 792-0730 Mission Soowahlie First Nation (604) 858-4631 Mission Squiala First Nation (604) 792-8300 Abbotsford Sumas First Nation (604) 852-4040

Stó:lo Nation Government House

Mission Tzeachten First Nation (604) 858-3888

BCTC

76




Mission Yakweakwioosse (604) 824-5226 Sidney Malahat Indian Band 1-877-743-3231 Victoria Scia'new First Nation (250) 478-3535 Nanaimo Snaw-Naw-As First Nation (250) 390-9105 Victoria Songhees First Nation (250) 386-1043

Te'mexw Treaty Association

Victoria T'Sou-ke Nation (250) 642-3957

BCTC

Tlowitsis First Nation Sayward Tlowitsis First Nation (250) 830-1708 BCTC Tsartlip First Nation Brentwood Bay Tsartlip First Nation (250) 652-3988 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Tsawout First Nation Saanichton Tsawout First Nation (250) 652-9101 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Tsawwassen First Nation Tswwassen Tsawwassen First Nation (604) 943-2112 BCTC Tseycum First Nation Sidney Tseycum First Nation (250) 656-0858 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Hartley Bay Gitga’at Nation Bella Coola Kitasoo Band Council (250) 839-1255 Terrace Kitselas Indian Band (250) 635-5084 Terrace Kitsumkalum Band (250) 635-6177

Tsimshian Tribal Council

Prince Rupert Metlakatla Band (250) 628-3234

BCTC

Tsleil-Waututh First Nation Vancouver Tsleil-Waututh First Nation (604) 929-3454 BCTC Union Bar Indian Band Hope Union Bar Indian Band (604) 869-9930 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Port Hardy Da'naxda'xw First Nation (250) 974-2179 Port Hardy Gwa'sala-'Nakwaxda'xw

Nation (250) 949-8343

Port McNeill Quatsino First Nation (250) 949-6245

Winalagalis Treaty Group

Port Hardy Tlatlasikwala Band (250) 949-5751

BCTC

Wuikinuxv First Nation Bella Bella Wuikinuxv First Nation (250) 949-8625 BCTC Yale First Nation Hope Yale First Nation (604) 863-2443 BCTC

77


Northern Interior Forest Region: Nation/Council Location (closest


NWT Acho Dene Koe (867) 770-4141 Acho Dene Koe NWT Deh Cho First Nations

Tribal Council (403) 695-2355

Seeking to participate in the BCTC process

Burns Lake Burns Lake Indian Band (250) 692-7717 Fraser Lake Nadleh Whut'en Band (250) 690-7211 Fort St. James Nak'azdli Indian Band (250) 996-7171 Vanderhoof Saik'uz First Nation (250) 567-9293 Fraser Lake Stellat'en First Nation (250) 699-8747 NWT Takla Lake First Nation (250) 564-3704 Fort St. James Tl'azt'en Nation (250) 648-3212

Carrier Sekani Tribal Council

Burns Lake Wet'suwet'en First Nation (250) 698-7307

BCTC

Cheslatta Carrier Nation Burns Lake Cheslatta Indian Band (250) 694-3334 BCTC Gitanyow Hereditary Chiefs Hazelton Gitanyow (250) 849-5373 BCTC

Hazelton Gitanmaax Band Council (250) 842-5297 Hazelton Gitsegukla Indian Band (250) 849-5490 Hazelton Gitwangak Band Council (250) 849-5591 Hazelton Glen Vowell Indian Band 1-877-842-5911

Gitxsan Treaty Society

Hazelton Kispiox Band Council 1-877-842-5911

BCTC

Dease River Dease River Band Council (250) 239-3000 Lower Post Kaska Dena Council (250) 779-3181 Mackenzie Kwadacha Band (250) 563-4161 Yukon Liard First Nation (867) 536-2131 Lower Post Lower Post First Nation (250) 779-3161

Kaska Nation

Yukon Ross River Dena Council

BCTC (Yukon First Nation sitting at table as observers)

Lake Babine Nation Burns Lake Lake Babine Nation 1-888-692-3214 BCTC

78




Lheidli-T'enneh Band Prince George Lheidli-T'enneh Band 1-877-963-8451 BCTC Nee-Tahi-Buhn Band Burns Lake Nee-Tahi-Buhn Band (250) 694-3494 Not currently participating in treaty

negotiations Yukon Carcross/Tagish First

Nation (867) 821-4251

Yukon Champagne and Aishihik First Nations

(867) 668-3627

Atlin Taku River Tlingit First Nation

(250) 651-7900

Northern Regional Negotiation Table

Yukon Teslin Tlingit Council (867) 390-2532

BCTC

New Aiyansh Kincolith Village Government

(250) 326-42120

New Aiyansh Gitwinksihlkw Village Government

(250) 633-2294

New Aiyansh Kincolith Village Government

(250) 326-42120

New Aiyansh Laxgalts'ap Village Government

1-877-477-0077

Nisga'a Lisims Government

New Aiyansh New Aiyansh Village Government

(250) 633-3100

Completed Nisga’a treaty

Skin Tyee Band Southbank Skin Tyee Band (250) 694-3517 Not currently participating in treaty negotiations

Dease Lake Iskut First Nation (250) 234-3331 Tahltan Nation Dease Lake Tahltan Indian Band (250) 235-3241


Fort St. John Blueberry River First Nations

1-800-988-3533

Fort St. John Doig River First Nation (250) 827-3776 Fort Nelson Fort Nelson First Nation (250) 774-7257

Treaty 8 First Nations

Fort St. John Halfway River First Nation (250) 246-4736

Discussions outside of BCTC process, except McLeod Lake, which is part of BCTC process

79




Chetwynd McLeod Lake/TseK'hene First Nation

1-888-822-1143

Fort Nelson Prophet River First Nation (250) 773-6555 Chetwynd Saulteau First Nations (250) 788-3955

Chetwynd West Moberly First Nations (250) 788-3663

Tsi Del Del Chilanko Forks Tsi Del Del (250) 481-3335 or (250) 481-1163

Not currently participating in treaty negotiations

Tsay Keh Dene Band Germansen Landing

Tsay Keh Dene Band (250) 562-8882 BCTC

Hazelton Hagwilget Village Council (250) 842-6258 Wet'suwet'en Smithers Moricetown Band

Administration 1-800-881-1218

BCTC

Yekooche First Nation Houston Yekooche First Nation (250) 648-3267 BCTC Southern Interior Forest Region: Nation/Council Location (closest


100 Mile House Canim Lake Indian Band (250) 397-2227 100 Mile House Canoe Creek Indian Band (250) 440-5645 Williams Lake Soda Creek Indian Band (250) 989-2323

Cariboo Tribal Council

Williams Lake Williams Lake Indian Band (250) 296-3507

BCTC

Nazko Lhoosk'uz Dene Nation 1-866-558-7587 Quesnel Lhtako Dene Nation (250) 747-2900 Nazko Nazko First Nation (250) 992-9085 Williams Lake Toosey Indian Band (250) 659-5655

Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council

Alexis Creek Ulkatcho First Nation (250) 742-3260


Esketemc First Nation Williams Lake Esketemc First Nation 1-866-440-5611 BCTC

80




Lytton Kanaka Bar Indian Band (250) 455-2279 Fraser Canyon Tribal Administration Lytton Skuppah Indian Band (250) 455-2279


Invermere Columbia Lake Indian Band (250) 342-6301 Creston Lower Kootenay Indian

Band (250) 428-4428

Invermere Shuswap Indian Band (250) 342-6361 Cranbrook St. Mary's Indian Band (250) 426-5717

Ktunaxa Kinbasket Treaty Council

Fernie Tobacco Plains Indian Band (250) 887-3461

BCTC

Lillooet Bridge River Indian Band (250) 256-7423 Lillooet Cayoose Creek Band (250) 256-4136 Pemberton Lil'wat First Nation (604) 894-6115 Lillooet Seton Lake Band (250) 259-8227 Lillooet T’it’q’et Administration (250) 256-4118

Lillooet Tribal Council

Lillooet Ts’Kw’aylaxw First Nation (250) 256-4204


Little Shuswap Indian Band Chase Little Shuswap Indian Band (250) 679-3203 Discussions outside of BCTC process Lytton First Nation Lytton Lytton First Nation (250) 455-2304 BCTC

Merrit Coldwater Indian Band (250) 378-6174 Merrit Cooks Ferry Indian Band (250) 458-2224 Merrit Lower Nicola Indian Band (250) 378-5157 Merrit Nicomen First Nation (250) 455-2279 Merrit Nooaitch Indian Band (250) 378-6141 Merrit Shackan Indian Band (250) 378-5410 Lytton Siska Indian Band (250) 455-2219

Nicola Tribal Association

Kamloops Upper Nicola Band (250) 350-3342


Ashcroft Ashcroft Indian Band (250) 453-9154 Lytton Boothroyd Indian Band (604) 867-9211 Lytton Boston Bar First Nation (604) 867-8844 Ashcroft Oregon Jack Creek Band (250) 453-9098

Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council

Lytton Spuzzum First Nation (604) 863-2395


81




Osoyoos Lower Similkameen Indian Band

(250) 499-5528

Vernon Okanagan Indian Band (250) 542-4328 Osoyoos Osoyoos Indian Band 1-888-498-3444 Penticton Penticton Indian Band (250) 493-0048 Princeton Upper Similkameen Indian

Band (250) 499-2221

Okanagan Nation Alliance

Kelowna Westbank First Nation (250) 769-4999

BCTC

Chase Adams Lake Indian Band (250) 679-8841 Kamloops Kamloops Indian Band (250) 828-9700 Cache Creek Skeetchestn Indian Band (250) 373-2493 Cache Creek Bonaparte Indian Band (250) 457-9624 Chase Neskonlith Indian Band (250) 679-3295 Enderby Spallumcheen Indian Band 1-877-838-6497 Barriere North Thompson Indian

Band (250) 672-9995

Shuswap Nation Tribal Council

Heffley Creek Whispering Pines (250) 579-5772


Quesnel Alexandria Indian Band (250) 747-1918 Alexis Creek Alexis Creek (250) 481-3335 Hanceville Stone Indian Band

(Yunesit'in) (250) 394-4295

Alexis Creek Tl'etinqox-t'in Government Office

(250) 394-4212

Tsilhqot'in National Government

Alexis Creek Xeni Gwet'in First Nations Government

(250) 394-7023


Xaxli'p First Nation Lillooet Xaxli'p First Nation (250) 256-4800 Discussions outside of BCTC process

82


E. Contacts and Resources

A number of agencies and organizations provide support and information regarding

wilderness land use issues, or have responsibility for land use management. The following list

contains the contacts mentioned throughout the text of this guidebook, as well as other

contacts that may serve as a valuable resource.

SELECTED PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES:

FrontCounter BC Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.FrontCounterbc.gov.bc.ca/ Cranbrook Centre 1902 Theatre Road Cranbrook, BC V1C 7G1 Phone: (250) 426-1766 Fax: (250) 426-1767 Fort St. John Centre 370-10003 110 Ave Fort St John BC V1J 6M7 Phone: (250) 787-3415 Fax: (250) 787-3219 Kamloops Centre #210 - 301 Victoria St. Kamloops, BC V2C 2A3 Phone: (250) 372-2127 Fax: (250) 377-2150 Nanaimo Centre Suite 142, 2080 Labieux Road Nanaimo, BC V9T 6J9 Phone: (250) 751-7220 Fax: (250) 751-7224 Surrey Centre Suite 200, 10428 153rd St. Surrey, BC V3R 1E1 Phone: (604) 586-4400 Fax: (604) 586-4434

Prince George Centre 200-1488 4th Avenue Prince George, BC V2L 4Y2 Phone: (250) 565-6779 Fax: (250) 565-6941 Smithers Centre 1st Floor, 3726 Alfred Avenue Smithers, BC V0J 2N0 Phone: (250) 847-7260 Fax: (250) 847-7556 Victoria Centre Sussex Place Suite G7, 1001 Douglas Street Victoria, BC V8W 2C5 Phone: (250) 387-3791 Fax: (250) 387-3752 Williams Lake Centre #201 - 172 North 2nd Ave Williams Lake, BC V2G 1Z6 Phone: (250) 398-4574 Fax: (250) 398-4836 Integrated Land Management Bureau 780 Blanshard St. Victoria, BC V8W 2H1 Phone: (250) 387-1772 Fax: (250) 387-3291 Web: http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/index.html Natural Resource Information Centre Web: http://nric.ca/ Ministry of Tourism, Sport and the Arts Web: www.gov.bc.ca/tsa

83


http://www.frontcounterbc.gov.bc.ca/

http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/index.html

http://nric.ca/

http://www.gov.bc.ca/tsa


Tourism and Resort Development Division 5-800 Johnson St. Victoria, BC V8W 9N7 Phone: (250) 952-6204 Fax: (250) 356-1195 Director of Adventure Tourism Sean Herbert Phone: 250 751-7275 Regional AT Managers Cranbrook Harry Mitchel Phone: 250 426-1764 Fort St. John Scott Shaw-MacLaren Phone: 250 787-3437 Kamloops Susan Fitton Phone: 250 377-7008 Nanaimo Diane Tetarenko Phone: 250 751-7241 Prince George Vera Vukelich Phone: 250 565-4474 Smithers Danelle Harris Phone: 250 847-7254 Surrey Kevin Lee Phone: 604 586-4442 Ministry of Environment Minister’s Office Rm 112 Parliament Buildings Victoria, BC V8V 1X4 Phone: (250) 387-1161 Fax: (250) 387-6003 Email: [email protected]: www.gov.bc.ca/env

BC Parks Web: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/index.html Environmental Stewardship Division PO Box 9398 Stn Prov Govt Victoria, BC V8W 9M9 Regional Operational Branches Vancouver Island 2080-A Labieux Rd Nanaimo, BC V9T 6J9 Phone: (250) 751-3100 fax (250) 751-3103 Lower Mainland 200-10470 152nd St Surrey, BC V3R 0Y3 Phone: 604-582-5200 Fax: 604-582-5380

Okanagan 102 Industrial Place Penticton, BC V2A 7C8

Thompson 1259 Dalhousie Drive Kamloops, BC V2C 5Z5 Phone: (250) 371-6281 Kootenay 205 Industrial Road G. Cranbrook, BC V1C 7G5 Phone: (250) 489-8540 Fax: (250) 489-8506 Cariboo 400 - 640 Borland St Williams Lake, BC V2G 4T1 Phone: 250 398-4530 Fax: 250 398-4214 Skeena 3726 Alfred Street PO 5000 Smithers, BC V0J 2N0 Phone: (250) 847-7260 Fax: (250) 847-7591

84


http://www.gov.bc.ca/env

http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/index.html


Omineca #325 - 1011 Fourth Avenue Prince George BC V2L 3H9 Phone: (250) 565-6135 Fax: (250) 565-6629

Peace Room 400 10003 110th Ave Fort St. John, BC V1J 6M2 Phone: (250) 787-3411 Fax: (250) 787-3490 Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation Minister’s Office Room 347-501 Belleville Victoria BC Phone: (250) 953-4844 Fax: (250) 953-4856 Web: www.gov.bc.ca/arr Ministry of Energy Mines and Petroleum Resources Minister’s Office Room 325, Parliament Building Victoria, BC V8W 9E2 Phone: (250) 953-4100 Fax: (250) 387-1803 Web: www.gov.bc.ca/empr Titles Division Carolyn Desjardins, Petroleum and Natural Gas Administrative Support Titles Division 6th Floor, 1810 Blanshard St. Victoria, BC V8W 9N3 Phone: 250-952-0333 Fax: 250-952-0541 Email: [email protected]: http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/Subwebs/landsale/main.htm

Victoria Mineral Titles Titles Division, PO Box 9326 Stn Prov Govt Victoria, B.C, V8W 9N3 Phone: 250-952-0542 Fax: 250-952-0541 Mining Operations Branch - Regional Geologists / Inspectors South Central Region 162 Oriole Road Kamloops, BC V2C 4N7 Fax: 250-371-6070 Mike Cathro, Regional Geologist Phone: 250-371-6069, E-mail: [email protected] Joe Seguin, Inspector/permitting Phone: 250-371-6051 Email: [email protected] Kootenay Region

2nd

Floor, 42-8th

Ave South Cranbrook, BC V1C 2K3 Fax: 250-426-1652 Dave Grieve, Regional Geologist Phone: 250-426-1658, Email: [email protected] Steve Wuschke, Inspector/permitting Phone: 250-426-1655 Email: [email protected] Northeast Region 2275A Quinn Street Prince George, BC V2N 2X4 Fax: 250-561-5622 Bob Lane, Regional Geologist Phone: 250-561-5606 Email: [email protected] Ken MacDonald, Inspector/permitting Phone: 250-561-5605 Email: [email protected] Northwest Region 3793 Alfred Ave Smithers, BC V0J 2N0 Fax: 250-847-7603

85

http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr

http://www.gov.bc.ca/empr


http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/Subwebs/landsale/main.htm

http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/Subwebs/landsale/main.htm






Paul Wojdak, Regional Geologist Phone: 250-847-7391 Email: [email protected] Bruce Graff, Inspector /permitting Phone: 250-847-7768 Email: [email protected] Southwest Region 4

th Floor, 1810 Blanshard Street

Victoria, BC V8W 9N3 Bruce Reid, Inspector/permitting Phone: 250-952-0495 Email: [email protected] Ministry of Transportation Rm. 306, Parliament Building Victoria, BC V8V 1X4 Phone: (250) 387-1978 Fax: (250) 356-2290 Email: [email protected]: www.gov.bc.ca/tran South Coast Regional Office 7818 6th Street Burnaby BC V3N 4N8 (604) 660-8200 Tracy Cooper, Regional Director Email: [email protected] Southern Interior Regional Office 523 Columbia Street Kamloops BC V2C 2T9 Phone: (250) 828-4220 Kevin Richter, Regional Director Email: [email protected] Northern Regional Office 213 - 1011 4th Avenue Prince George BC V2L 3H9 (250) 565-6478 Dave Duncan, Regional Director Email: [email protected] Canadian Tourism Commission Suite 1400, Four Bentall Centre 1055 Dunsmuir Street, Box 49230 Vancouver, BC V7X 1L2 Phone: (604) 638-8300 Web: www.canadatourism.com

Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Communications Branch 200 Kent Street 13th Floor, Station 13228 Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6 Tel: (613) 993-0999 Fax: (613) 990-1866 Email: [email protected] Web: www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/index.htm Navigable Waters Protection Program – Transport Canada Pacific Regional Manager 820-800 Burrard Street Vancouver, BC V6Z 2J8 Phone: 604-775-8867 Fax: 604-775-8828 Parks Canada John Low Chief, Land Management Parks Canada Agency 25 Eddy Street, 6th Floor Gatineau, QC K1A 0M5 Phone (819) 994-5794 Fax (819) 953-2004 e-mail [email protected] OTHER: BC Hydro 6911 Southpoint Drive Burnaby, BC V3N 4X8 Ph: 1 800 224-9376 Web: www.bchydro.com Oil and Gas Commission 200, 10003-110 Ave Fort St. John, BC V1J 6M7 Main Reception: (250) 261-5700 FAX: (250) 261-5728 Land Status Clerks Susan Paulson Phone: (250) 261-5704 Email: [email protected]

86



http://www.gov.bc.ca/tran




http://www.canadatourism.com/


http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/index.htm


http://www.bchydro.com/



Sheila Tompkins Phone: (250) 261-5709 Email: [email protected] BC REGIONAL TOURISM ASSOCIATIONS: Tourism Vancouver Island 203 - 335 Wesley Street Nanaimo BC V9R 2T5 Phone (250) 754-3500 Fax (250) 754-3599 Email: [email protected]: www.vancouverisland.travel/ Tourism Coast Mountains 250-1508 West 2nd Avenue Vancouver, BC V6J 1H2 Phone: (604) 739-9011 Fax: (604) 739-0153 Email: [email protected] Web: www.coastandmountains.bc.ca/ Thompson Okanagan Tourism Association 1332 Water St. Kelowna, BC V1Y 9P4 Phone: (250) 860-5999 Fax: (250) 860-9993 Email: [email protected]: www.totabc.com/ Kootenay Rockies Tourism Box 10 1905 Warren Ave. Kimberley BC, V1A 2Y5 Phone: (250) 427-4838 Fax: (250) 427-3344 Email: [email protected] Web: www.kootenayrockies.com Cariboo-Chilcotin Coast Tourism Association 118A North 1st Ave. Williams Lake, BC V2G 1Y8 Phone: 1-800-663-5885 Fax: (250) 392-2838 Email: [email protected] Web: www.landwithoutlimits.com

West Chilcotin Tourism Association Petrus Rykes - President Phone: 250-742-2077 Northern BC Tourism Association PO Box 2373 1274 5th Ave Prince George, BC V2N 2S6 Phone: 250-561-0432 Fax: 250-561-0450 Email: [email protected]: www.northernbctravel.com SELECTED TOURISM ASSOCIATIONS: BC Wilderness Tourism Association President: Brian Gunn PO Box 1483 Gibsons, BC V0N 1V0 Phone: (250) 386-4080 Fax: 1-866-652-8502 Web: www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca Council of Tourism Associations Suite 1208, 409 Granville St. Vancouver, BC V6E 3L2 Phone: (604) 685-5956 Fax: (604) 685-5915 Web: www.cotabc.com

87



http://www.vancouverisland.travel/


http://www.coastandmountains.bc.ca/


http://www.totabc.com/


http://www.kootenayrockies.com/


http://www.landwithoutlimits.com/


http://www.northernbctravel.com/

http://www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca/

http://www.cotabc.com/


F. List of Current TSAs and TFLs in BC

TSA #

Timber Supply Area

AAC Total m³/year53

FL# in TSA Licensee AAC Total

M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA

Licensee AAC Total M3

01 Arrow 550,000

A20191 A20192 A20193 A20194 A20196

Tolko Industries Ltd. Springer Creek Forest Prod. Ltd. Atco Lumber Ltd. Kalesnikoff Lumber Co. Ltd. Bell Pole Company

47, 589 100, 000 151, 627 34, 703 12, 963

Y Y Y Y Y

3 23

Springer Creek Forest Prod. Ltd. Pope & Talbot Ltd.

80,000 680,000

38 Arrowsmith 391,796

A19234 A19235 A74632 A49541 A52027 A53361 A59658 A71504

Coulson Forest Products Ltd. International Forest Products Steeves Forest Consulting Ltd. Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. Cowichan Lake Community Forest Equis Forest Products Ltd. Echa-Peh Forest Resources Ltd. Echa-Peh Forest Resources Ltd.

38,475 102,829 10,591 6,300 13,891 18,664 18,664 32,400

Y Y Y N N N N N

25 44 46 54 57

Western Forest Products Inc. Cascadia Forest Products Ltd. Teal Cedar Products Ltd. International Forest Products Ltd. Iisaak Forest Resources Ltd.

692,000 1,287,500 488,400 75,750

(381 ha/yr)

02 Boundary 700,000 A18969 A18970 A20172

Pope & Talbot Ltd. Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. S & O Sawmills Ltd.

334,591 25,944 1,877

Y Y Y

8 Pope & Talbot Ltd. 175,000

03 Bulkley 882,000

A16829 A16830 A70026 A78037 A57077 A76170

West Fraser Mills Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Moricetown Band Council Fink West Fraser Mills Ltd. Moricetown Band Council

116,688 275,625 14,250 2,830

185,000 28,988

Y Y Y Y N N

None

04 Cassiar 305,000 A64561 Tahltan Nation Development; Isku 120,000 N None 42 Cranberry 110,000 A48704 C Ged Forest Products Ltd. 100,000 N None

05 Cranbrook 974,000 A19040 A19042

Tembec Industries Inc. Galloway Lumber Company Ltd.

477,652 131,100

Y Y

None

53 A TSA AAC is not equal to the sum of the FL AACs for a specific TSA because additional forest tenure types, which make up the remainder of a TSA’s AAC, are not listed in this table. A TFL’s AAC is separate from a TSA’s AAC.

88

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/tsa/tsa01/








TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A73554 A79141 A20102 A20104

Ktunaxa/Kinbasket Dvlpmt Co. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Mallard Mcdonald Ranch And Lumber Ltd.

68,333 10,000

75 5,596

N N Y Y

41 Dawson Creek 1,860,000

A13840 A57332 A60064 A70730 A74729 A17798 PAG10 PAG13

West Fraser Mills Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd.; W Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd. Tembec Industries Inc. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Kennedy Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd. Tembec Industries Inc.

371,740 100,000 348,000 252,000 30,000

72 97,585 97,584

Y N N N N Y Y Y

48 Canadian Forest Products Ltd. 580,000

08 Fort Nelson 1,500,000 A17007 A78356

Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Tsa Cho Timber Ltd.

553,716 18,000

None

40 Fort St. John 2,115,000

A18154 A56771 A60049 A60050 A60972 A74730 Pag12 Pag13 A59959

Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd.; W Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd. Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd. Tembec Industries Inc. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Tembec Industries Inc. Cameron River Logging Ltd.

394,952 150,000 193,000 119,300 69,085 25,000 500,000 18,000 70,000

Y N N N N N Y Y N

None

89





TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


30 Fraser 1,270,000

A19201 A19202 A19207 A20542 A74688 A75657 A77464 A32611 A47273 A20463 A20466 A20467 A20470 A20475

Teal Cedar Products Ltd. Cattermole Timber Ltd. Lakeside Pacific Forest Products Tamihi Logging Co. Ltd. B.C. Ltd. Probyn Log Ltd. International Forest Products; A Weyerhaeuser Company Limited Southern Nlaka'pamux Forest Allison Pass Sawmills Ltd. Wiltshire Contracting Ltd. Bell Probyn Log Ltd. Scott Paper Limited

314,380 129,566 125,484 56,264 13,597 4,578 6,250 10,001 10,000 1,492 480

2,267 2,467 1,642

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y

26 43

The Corp. of the District of Mission Scott Paper Ltd.

45,000 39,900

07 Golden 485,000 A17644 A17645

Wood River Forest Inc. Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd.

51,315 303,466

Y Y

None

09 Invermere 598,570

A18978 A18979 A78604 A73240 A75431 A18984

Tembec Industries Inc. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. North Star Planing Co. Ltd. Ktunaxa/Kinbasket Dvpmt Co Summit Valley Contracting Ltd. Palumbo

220,668 221,005 7,505 16,667 10,000 1,372

Y Y Y N N Y

14 Tembec Industries Inc. 160,000

10 Kalum 436,884

A16835 A16836 A16885 A73726 A16863 A16865

Coast Tsimshian Resources Ltd. Bell Pole Company West Fraser Mills Ltd. Kitsumkalum Band Council T V Logging Ltd. Sharples Equipment (1969) Ltd.

244,037 13,052 26,112 160,000 1,834 570

Y Y Y N N Y

1 14

Coast Tsimshian Resources Ltd. Tembec Industries Inc.

611,000 160,000

11 Kamloops 4,352,770

A18686 A18687 A18688 A18689 A18690 A18692 A18693 A18694

Tolko Industries Ltd. Bell Pole Company Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Gilbert Smith Forest Products Ltd. International Forest Products Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd.

250,923 13,272 209,638 No Info 139,124 61,940 264,464 356,276

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

18 35

Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd.

290,000 325,600

90







TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A74910 A56291 A58853 A58854 A73080 A73165 A73166 A73167 A73168 A73171 A73172 A73235 A73247 A73248 A73555 A73927 A75426 A76490 A76491 A76492 A79894 A18678 A18679 A18681 A18684 Pag16 A60369 A61105 A61109

Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. Gilbert Smith Forest Products Ltd. Meeker Log & Timber Ltd. Simpcw Development Co. Ltd. Forsite Consultants Ltd. Aldco Wood Products Ltd Simpcw Development Co. Ltd. Secwepemc Economic Dvlpmt. Northern Nlaka'pamux Forestry Aldco Wood Products Ltd Spiyu7ullucw Ranch Corporation Bonaparte Development Corp. Lower North Thompson Com. Upper Nicola Indian Band Tk'emlupsemc Forestry Dvlpmt Woodco Management Ltd. Woodco Management Ltd. International Forest Products International Forest Products Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd Simpcw Development Co. Ltd. Williewin Ranch Ltd. Sierra Simmentals Ltd. M.J. Reid & Co. Ltd. Rosen Ainsworth Lumber Co. Ltd. Nikec Partners Products Ltd. Adams Lake Development Corp. Sk7ain Ventures Ltd.

275,000 74,000 55,000 53,000 45,000 100,000 150,000 76,667 33,333 10,000 16,667 39,636 100,000 18,376 54,540 70,000 10,000 125,000 30,000 100,000 66,667

218 570 238 38

86,000 10,000 10,000 15,000

Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y N N N

33 Kingcome 1,284,000

A19238 A19242 A19243 A19244 A75083 A77806 A77807

International Forest Products Mill & Timber Products Ltd. Richmond Plywood Corporation Western Forest Products Inc 442578 B.C. Ltd International Forest Products International Forest Products

300,000 52,010 49,516 25,347 8,664

200,000 170,318

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

6 37 39 43 45 47

Western Forest Products Inc. Western Forest Products Inc. Cascadia Forest Products Ltd. Scott Paper Ltd. International Forest Products Ltd. TFL Forest Ltd.

1,460,000 1,068,000 3,547,000

39,900 220,000 780.000

91



TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A32687 A34862 A49542 A55510 A59539 A60876

Mill & Timber Products Ltd. Scott Paper Limited Weyerhaeuser Company Limited Gwa'sala-'Nakwaxda'xw Timber Lemare Lake Logging Ltd. Ida Lake Salvage Ltd.

79,544 5,000 14,204 7,489 27,625 2,000

N N N N N N

12 Kispiox 977,000

A16818 A16831 A16832 A16833 A74498 A57426

Kispiox Forest Products Ltd. New Skeena Forest Products Inc. Bell Pole Company Kitwanga Mills Ltd. Canema Timber Ltd. Kispiox Forest Products Ltd.

64,124 387,879 55,414 87,571 11,381 30,435

Y Y Y Y Y N

None

13 Kootenay Lake 681,300

A20212 A20213 A20214 A20218 A30171 A30172 A30176 A56529 A54214 A54215 A75462 A79505 A20224 A61877

Tembec Industries Inc. J.H. Huscroft Ltd Celcrest Timber Ltd; Wynndel Box Atco Lumber Ltd. Meadow Creek Cedar Ltd. Kalesnikoff Lumber Co. Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Goose Creek Lumber Ltd. Creston Valley Forest Corp. Kaslo And District Community Wildhorse Contracting Ltd Westwood Fibre Ltd. 563899 B.C. Ltd. Cooper Creek Cedar Ltd.

99,081 78,644 65,461 20,167 96,513 55,247 No Info 9,500 15,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

247 10,000

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y N

None

14 Lakes 3,162,000

A16821 A16823 A16824 A16825 A16826 A68213 A68222 A72919 A72921

L. & M. Lumber Ltd. Babine Forest Products Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Babine Timber Ltd West Fraser Mills Ltd. Tahtsa Timber Ltd. Cheslatta Forest Products Ltd. Burns Lake Band 639881 B.C. Ltd.

23,084 344,951 53,627 104,748 342,194 150,000 25,000 25,000 25,000

Y Y Y Y Y N N N N

None

92






TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A72931 A76469 A76470 A16851 A16853 A16855 A58943 A65246 A66762

Key-Oh Wood Products Ltd. Lemare Lake Logging Ltd. Lemare Lake Logging Ltd. Clovis Clovis Clovis Pleasant Valley Remanufacturing Cheslatta Forest Products Ltd. Burnslake Specialty Wood Ltd.

8,333 50,000 50,000

399 323 826

40,000 100,000 90,000

N N N Y Y Y N N N

15 Lillooet 635,900

A18699 A18700 A18701 A80509 A47384 A69960 A18703

Teal Cedar Products Ltd. Ainsworth Lumber Co. Ltd. Lytton Lumber Ltd. Teal Cedar Products Ltd. Peyah Forest Products Ltd. Marble Canyon Forestry Ltd. N'quatqua Logging Co. Ltd.

No Info 318,534 32,778 40,432 15,000 10,000 6,987

Y Y Y Y N N Y

None

16 Mackenzie 3,050,000

A15384 A15385 A62356 A62375 A64289 A71017

Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Abitibi Consolidated Company Of Takla Development Corporation Tsay Keh Dene Band Kwadacha Natural Resources Ainsworth Lumber Co. Ltd.

1,082,904 932,500 36,663 53,404 53,404 50,000

Y Y N N N N

None

18 Merritt 2,814,171

A18039 A18695 A18696 A18697 A18698 A65006 A74911 A75062 A55524 A55525 A55527 A55528 A55529 A61106

Ardew Wood Products Ltd. Aspen Planers Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd Stuwix Resources Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Aspen Planers Ltd. Nicola Pacific Forest Products Ltd. Qwa'eet Forest Products Ltd. Princeton Wood Preservers Ltd. Aspen Planers Ltd. Princeton & District Community Princeton Forest Products Ltd.

64,469 165,814 331,966 7,640

484,131 240,157 125,000 76,061 67,500 60,000 30,000 15,000 20,000 35,000

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N

None

93





TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A65442 Applied Timber Management Ltd. No Info N

19 Mid Coast 998,000

A16845 A16847 A16848 A16850 A62710 A65223 A67048

Western Forest Products Inc Western Forest Products Inc S.W.C. Holdings Ltd. International Forest Products Heiltsuk Coastal Forest Products Kvamua Enterprises Limited Heiltsuk Coastal Forest Products

265,762 38,436 19,463 336,578 20,000 14,286 25,000

Y Y Y Y N N N

25 39

Western Forest Products Inc. Cascadia Forest Products Ltd.

692,000 3,547,000

20 Morice 1,961,117 A16827 A16828 A71014 A64562

West Fraser Mills Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Wet'suwet'en Vtrs Ltd Partnership Key-Oh Wood Products Ltd.

589,836 940,424 100,000 47,000

Y Y N N

None

43 Nass 865,000 A16882 A16883 A16884 A16886

West Fraser Mills Ltd. Orenda Logging Ltd. Timber Baron Forest Products Ltd Sim Gan Forest Corporation

162,484 283,963 291,712 45,999

Y Y Y Y

None

21 North Coast 573,624

A16820 A16837 A16838 A16841 A60585

Triumph Timber Ltd Thomson Industries Ltd. Boyle & Dean Logging Ltd. International Forest Products Lax Kw'alaams Tribal Resources

146,824 29,385 19,295 51,220 22,000

Y Y Y Y N

25 Western Forest Products Inc. 692,000

22 Okanagan 3,375,000

A18632 A18666 A18667 A18669 A18670 A18671 A18672 A18674 A74912 A49782 A73212 A73213 A73238 A74107 A75422

Selkirk Timber Company Bell Pole Company Tolko Industries Ltd. Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd. Federated Co-Operatives Ltd. Gorman Bros. Lumber Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Forest Licence A49782 Holdings Heartland Economics Ltd. Okanagan Indian Band Lbl Logging (2001) Ltd. Gudeit Bros. Contracting Ltd. Woodco Management Ltd.

13,762 54,718 655,224 129,715 328,805 246,058 205,602 209,431 150,000 15,000 33,333 33,333 31,667 14,000 7,500

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N N N

33 35 49

Federated Co-operatives Ltd. Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd.

21,000 325,600 580,000

94







TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A75423 A18631 A18637 A18638 A18641 A18642 A18644 A18649 A18650 A18651 A18652 A18654 A18655 A18656 A18657 A18658 A18660 A18661 A18662 A61107 A61108

L.A Stein Forestry Consulting Inc. Cridland Daniels Dedood Kal-Pine Products Ltd. Wms Contracting Ltd. Coburn M.J. Reid & Co. Ltd. Twisted Tree Contracting Ltd. Peacher Zinck Procter Ritchie Rothenberger Russo Ss & R Lumber Co. Ltd. Shrock Thielman, Sr. Weddell Lakeside Timber Ltd. Monte Lake Forest Products Inc.

7,500 309 447 382 472 199 345 73 259 100 73 236 173 36 964 209 111 556 928

10,000 45,000

N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N

23 100 Mile House 1,334,000

A20001 A20002 A20003 A78587 Pag16

West Fraser Mills Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Ainsworth Lumber Co. Ltd.

304,055 402,253 96,474 20,000 112,000

Y Y Y N Y

None

24 Prince George 14,944,000

A17842 A18156 A18157 A18158 A18160 A18162 A18163 A18165 A18167 A18169

L. & M. Lumber Ltd. Apollo Forest Products Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Carrier Lumber Ltd. Stella-Jones Inc. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Lakeland Mills Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Stuart Lake Lumber Co. Ltd.

140,088 216,746 769,366 253,027 47,048 316,821 254,102

1,104,858 no info

201,978

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

30 42 53

Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Tanizul Timber Ltd. Dunkley Lumber Ltd.

330,000 160,000 880,000

95


TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


Y Y Y N

Winton Global Lumber Ltd. A18171 Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Pope & Talbot Ltd. Takla Track & Timber Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. L. & M. Lumber Ltd.

A40873 A77955 A27823 A33801 A55578 A57544 A57545 A61216 A62247 A62425 A70174 A70864 A71015 A71016 A72189 A72190 A72920 A73936 A73937 A75068 A75069 A75472 A75473 A75474 A75475 A75670 A75671 A75947 A75948 A76218 A76219 A76400 A77813 A78069 A78072

Dunkley Lumber Ltd. Winton Global Lumber Ltd. T.R.C. Cedar Limited Dunkley Lumber Ltd. Gateway Forest Products Ltd. Carrier Lumber Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Prince George Hardwood Ltd T'ugus Timber Ltd. Saik'uz First Nations Chunzoolh Forest Products Ltd. Stellako Custom Wood Ltd. B&T Forest Products Ltd. Za Mari Economic Dvlpmt Corp. Nadleh Whuten Yekooche First Nation B&T Forest Products Ltd. Double A Ventures Ltd. B&T Forest Products Ltd. Aspen Ridge Consulting Ltd. Brave Holdings Ltd. Canyon Tree Farms Inc. Aspen Ridge Consulting Ltd. Aspen Ridge Consulting Ltd. Talloil Canada Inc. Talloil Canada Inc. Talloil Canada Inc. B&T Forest Products Ltd. K & D Logging Ltd. Brave Holdings Ltd.

505,541 1,661,266 640,000 200,000 200,000 N

N N N N N

250,000 no info no info 80,000 30,000 30,000 N

N N N N N

300,000 150,000 50,000 55,000 150,000 50,000 N

N N N N N

150,000 15,000 15,000 150,000 9,580 50,000 N

N N N N N

15,000 10,000 10,000 25,000 25,000 15,000 N

N N N N N

15,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 25,000 N 25,000 N

96


TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A78073 A17804 A17809 A17810 A17813 A17840 A59071 A64418 A70349

Canyon Tree Farms Inc. Gordon Peters Logging Ltd Perry Poole 474483 British Columbia Ltd. Clovis F.S.J All Nations Forest Ta-Da-Chun Timber Ltd. Xsu-Wii-Ax Forest Products Ltd.

25,000 398

2,070 246 171 598

60,000 100,000 20,000

N Y Y Y Y Y N N N

25 Queen Charlotte 361,000

A16869 Husby Forest Products Ltd. 207,054 Y A16870 A16871 A75084 A16874 A16876

Tfl Forest Ltd. Sitkana Timber Ltd. Dawson Harbour Logging Co. Ltd. Sound Spars Enterprise Ltd. Kano Logging Co. Ltd.

15,945 17,577 7,956 272 484

Y Y Y N N

25 39 47

Western Forest Products Inc. Cascadia Forest Products Ltd. TFL Forest Ltd.

692,000 3,547,000 780.000

5 Y Y Y Y

26 Quesnel 5,280,000

A20005 A20010 A20011 A20013 A78603 A55477 A57712 A57713 A60473 A64706 A64707 A64708 A64709 A65107 A65926 A67545 A67546 A67547 A68219 A69604 A71779

West Fraser Mills Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Eberding Timber Ltd. C. & C. Wood Products Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Borland Creek Logging Ltd. Red Bluff Development Corp. Xat'sull Logging Ltd. Ndazkhot'en Forest Mgmt. Ltd. Yun Ka Whu'ten Holdings Ltd. Billyboy's Logging And Ndazkhot'en Forest Mgmt. Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd.; Canadian Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd.; Xat'sull Kluskus Mgmt. Holdings Ltd. Yun Ka Whu'ten Holdings Ltd.

192,826 259,704 382,194 400,790 2,034

121,600 120,000 53,000

Y N N N N N

15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000

N N N N N N

70,000 150,000 140,000 140,000 125,000 75,000

N N N N N 50,000

52 West Fraser Mills Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd.

300,000 570,000

97


TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A74439 A74718 A75166 A75167 A76729 A77509 A57963 A59411 A61545 A61546 A61547 A65878 A66815

Nazko Indian Band Council Ainsworth Lumber Co. Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Talloil Canada Inc. Pioneer Log Homes Of British Paradigm Logging Ltd. C. & C. Wood Products Ltd. M & K Sawmills Ltd. Jackpine Forest Products Ltd. Parallel Wood Products Ltd. Gunderson Sigurdson Bros. Logging Comp.

15,800 20,000 50,000 25,000 300,000 75,000 12,000 40,000 10,000 30,000 20,000 3,000 75,000

N N N N N N N N N N N N N

27 Revelstoke 230,000

A18992 A31102 A32826 A19001 A19005 A19007

Bell Pole Company Downie Street Sawmills Ltd. Joe Kozek Sawmills Ltd Catherwood Selkirk Forest Products Company 469226 B.C. Ltd.

19,290 132,152 25,869

38 3,524 1,539

Y Y Y N N N

23 55

Pope & Talbot Ltd. Louisiana – Pacific Canada Ltd. Revelstoke Community Forest Corporation

680,000 90,000

56 100,000

186,428 75,018 11,112 11,372 10,000

17 Robson Valley 602,377

A15429 A15430 A17799 A17800 A71884 A73761 A17801

Mcbride Forest Industries Ltd Northwest Specialty Lumber Bell Pole Company Hauer Bros. Lumber Ltd. C. Baggett Logging Ltd. Mcbride Community Forest R. Harstad Sawmills Ltd.

10,000 104

Y Y Y Y N N Y

None

31 Soo 503,000

A19209 A19214 A19215 A19217 A19218 A20541 A20479 A20480 A20481 A20482

International Forest Products Squamish Mills Ltd.; International Terminal Forest Products Ltd. Halray Logging Ltd. C.R.B. Logging Co. Ltd. Richmond Plywood Corporation Black Mount Logging Inc. Gilham Poling Ltd. Halray Logging Ltd. Leblanc

88,297 75,240 59,780 18,004 19,626 18,252 1,295 1,633 8,048 5,600

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

38 Northwest Squamish Forestry Ltd. Partnership

250,500

98


TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A20485 Talbot 2,500 Y

37 Strathcona 1,201,000

A19231 A19232 A19236 A20913 A29159 A74689 A49543 A53745 A53746 A20486 A20498

Western Forest Products Inc International Forest Products Hecate Logging Ltd. Tfl Forest Ltd. Tfl Forest Ltd. Raven Industries Ltd. Weyerhaeuser Company Limited Nootka First Nations Forest Nootka Sound Economic Dvlpmt. Chinook Forest Products Ltd. C, G & D Enterprises Ltd.

320,591 242,979 58,609 25,376 38,363 10,926 8,000 17,883 35,766 2,111 570

Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y Y

19 25 39 45

WFP Western Lumber Ltd. Western Forest Products Inc. Cascadia Forest Products Ltd. International Forest Products Ltd. TFL Forest Ltd.

940,000 692,000

3,547,000 220,000 780.000 47

39 Sunshine Coast 1,143,000

A19220 A19224 A19229 A47297 A20487 A20492 A20493 A20496 A20503 A20508 A65197

International Forest Products Terminal Forest Products Ltd. Terminal Forest Products Ltd. Weyerhaeuser Company Limited R. H. Barbour Logging Co. Ltd. F. A. B. Logging Co. Ltd. Mills Holdings Ltd. J.D.J. Poles And Piling Co. Ltd. Probyn Log Ltd. Hayes Holding Services Limited 9096 Investments Ltd.

487,031 81,450 125,966 95,000 1,295 6,381 905

1,309 1,531 1,102 10,000

Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y N

10 39 43

International Forest Products Ltd. Cascadia Forest Products Ltd. Scott Paper Ltd.

170,950 3,547,000

39,900

29 Williams Lake 3,768,400

Y Tolko Industries Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd.

A20015 A20016 A20017 A20018 A20019 A20020 A20021 A54417 A55901 A55902 A55903 A55904 A55905

West Fraser Mills Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Yun Ka Whu'ten Holdings Ltd. Tolko Industries Ltd. Jackpine Forest Products Ltd.

314,837 114,129 459,102 291,416

Y Y Y Y Y

322,586 212,733 104,837 180,000 160,000 50,000

Y N N N N N

100,000 50,000 60,000 N

None

99


TSA #

Timber Supply Area



M3 Replaceable

TFL# near TSA


A55906 A56805 A60508 A66005 A72766 A73558 A73557 A74437 A75424 A75425 A77617 A19977 A62076 A64734 A65106

Tsilhqot'in Forest Products Inc. Yun Ka Whu'ten Holdings Ltd. Tsi Del Del Enterprises Ltd. Yun Ka Whu'ten Holdings Ltd. Yun Ka Whu'ten Holdings Ltd. West Fraser Mills Ltd. Sigurdson Bros. Logging Comp. Esketemc First Nation Pioneer Log Homes Of British Waddington Charter & Contracting Big 6 Contracting Ltd. Johnson Jackpine Engineered Wood Prod. Pal Lumber Co. Ltd. Tl'etinqox Logging Ltd.

65,000 40,000 60,000 25,000 25,000 150,000 150,000 38,263 10,000 10,000 135,000 2,058 20,000 15,000 15,000

N N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N

100


G. Adventure Tourism Joint Steering Committee

Members of the joint steering committee (JSC) include:

• Wilderness Tourism Association • Council of Tourism Associations • Heli-Cat Canada • Guide Outfitters Association of BC • BC River Outfitters Association • Sea Kayak Guides Alliance of BC • Commercial Bear Viewing Association of BC • Backcountry Lodges of BC Association • Association of Canadian Mountain Guides • BC Commercial Snowmobile Operators Association • MTSA (5)

• Tourism Division, Head Quarters (1) • MTSA, Adventure Tourism Operations (2) • MTSA, Tourism Policy (1) • MTSA, Recreation Sites and Trails (1)

101


REFERENCES

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BC Parks (2006). BC Parks Fixed-Roof Accommodation Policy. Retrieved September 10, 2006 from http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/fixed_roof/index.html Bromley, D.W. (1991). Environment and economy: Property rights and public policy. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell Ltd. Curtis, N. (2003). Managing commercial recreation on Crown Land in British Columbia: A policy evaluation. MRM report 337. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University. Grant Thorton. (2001). Wilderness Resort Operators’ Land Use Planning Guidebook – Phase One. Retrieved July 5, 2006 from http://www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca/guide.html Gunton, Tom. (1998). Forestry and Land use policy in British Columbia: The Dynamics of Change. Environments. 25(2). 8-13. Heidt, A. (2006). Commercial Recreation Property Rights and Security in British Columbia. MRM report No. 400. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University. Heidt, A. & Williams, P.W. (2005). Towards Greater Tenure Security for Commercial Recreation Operators. Retrieved Jauary 25, 2007 from http://www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca/docs/tenureSecurity.pdf Integrated Land Management Bureau. (2006). Introduction to land Use Planning. Retrieved August 5, 2006 from http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/lrmp/data/lup_brochure/index.htm Joseph, C. (2004). Evaluation of the B.C. strategic land-use plan implementation framework. MRM report No. 355. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University.

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Land and Water BC (2004). Land Use Policy – Commercial Recreation. Retrieved August 12, 2006 from http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/resorts_rec/tenure/commercialrecreation/index.htm. McKercher, B. (1992). Tourism as a conflicting land use. Annals of tourism research, 19(3), 467-481. Meredith & Associates. (2000). Developing a Tourism Business: A Handbook for Tourism Entrepreneurs. Prepared for Tourism Policy and Land Use Branch, Ministry of Small Business, Tourism and Culture. Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation. (2006). BC First Nations, Tribal Councils and Treaty Offices. Retrieved July 27, 2006 from http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/negotiation/bc_first_nations.htm Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation. (2006). The new relationship with aboriginal people. Retrieved September 10, 2006 from http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/popt/the_new_relationship.htm. Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation. (2006). BC treaty negotiations. Retrieved August 5, 2006 from http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/negotiation/ Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks (2000). The protected areas strategy and land use planning in BC. Retrieved August 5, 2006 from http://ilmbwww.gov.bc.ca/ilmb/lup/lrmp/northern/mackenzi/melpbg1114.htm Ministry of Forests (2003). Defined forest area management: Timber supply review technical

information sheet. Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/dfam-website/Resources/DFAM%20Timber%20Supply%20Review%20Technical%20Info%20Sheet%20_V1.8_.pdf

Ministry of Forests (2004). Timber sales access changes improve access to timber. Accessed August 15th, 2006 from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/mof/plan/bctimbersales.htm. Ministry of Forests. (2004). Defined Forest Area Management Discussion Paper. Retrieved

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Ministry of Forests and Range. (2006). What’s new in FRPA? Retrieved July 31, 2006 from

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/code/training/frpa/pdf/FRPA_Forestry_Companion_Guide_ver-2-3.pdf.

Ministry of Forests and Range. (2006). Resource Tenures and Engineering Branch. Retrieved July 27, 2006 from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/apportionment/tsas.htm

Ministry of Forest and Range. (2006). Timber tenures in British Columbia, managing public forests in the public interest. Retrieved Aug 5, 2006 from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hth/timten/documents/timber-tenures-2006.pdf

103


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Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/dfam-website/Resources/DFAM%20Backgrounder%20_V1-8_.pdf

Ministry of Forest and Range. (2006). Timber Supply Review Document Description. Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/tsa/TSR_document_description.pdf Ministry of Forest and Range. (2006). Be heard: Get involved in forest stewardship plan review. Retrieved August 23, 2006 from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/code/training/frpa/FSP_brochure.pdf Ministry of Tourism, Sport and the Arts. (2005). 2005/06 – 2007/08 service plan update. Retrieved February 3, 2006, from http://www.bcbudget.gov.bc.ca/sp/tsa/ Parks Canada. (2003). Parks Canada Guiding Principles and Operational Policies. Retrieved August 17, 2006 from http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/pc/poli/princip/part2/part2a8_E.asp Private Land Owners Association (2005). PFLA Fact Sheet. Retrieved August 7, 2006 from http://www.pfla.bc.ca/resources. Tourism British Columbia. (2003). The Value of Tourism, Building tourism with insight. Retrieved September 13, 2005 from http://www.tourism.bc.ca/PDF/Value2003%20Book_FINAL.pdf Williams, P.W., Penrose, R.W., & Hawkes, S. (1998a). Shared decision making in land use planning. Annals of tourism research 25(4), 860-889. Williams, P.W., Penrose, R.W., & Hawkes, S. (1998b). Tourism industry perspectives on the Cariboo-Chilcotin CORE process: Shared decision-making? Environments, 25(2/3), 48-63.

104