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Tough Trees for Tough Sites
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Tough Trees for Tough SitesTodd West, Ph.D.
NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program
Tough Trees for Tough Sites
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Shade Tolerant
Pagoda Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
• Zone 3
• U.S. Native
• 15- to 25-foot height and spread
• Scaffolding branches are very ornamental
• Fragrant clusters of white flowers in spring followed by blue fruits and purple fall color.
• Underutilized species
Wind Resistant
• European Larch (Larix decidua)
• Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
• Zone 3
• Native is as well suited for the plains and rural areas as it is for urban sites.
• Cold hardy and tolerant of winds and varied conditions,
• 40 - 70 feet with a 50-foot spread and has a broad crown with arching branches.
Tough Trees for Tough Sites
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Drought Tolerant - Dry Soils
• Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
• Thornless Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis)
• Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus)
• Flowering Crabapple (Malus hybrids)
• Amur Corktree (Phellodendron amurense)
• Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
• Japanese Tree Lilac (Syringa reticulata)
• American Linden (Tilia Americana)
• Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana)
Thornless Honeylocust(Gleditia triacanthos var. inermis)
• Zone (3)4
• Native to parts of the central United States
• Northern Acclaim® (‘Harve’)
• NDSU Selection
• Zone 3 hardy
Kentucky Coffeetree(Gymnocladus dioicus)
• Zone (3)4
• U.S. Native
• 40 x 35’
• Pest Free
• Tolerant of urban conditions
• It’s kind of an ugly duckling when first planted, but then it grows into a wonderful tree
seedless
Amur Corktree(Phellodendron amurense)
• Zone (3)4
• Native to China, Manchuria and Japan
• 40 x 35’
• Pest Free
Tough Trees for Tough Sites
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Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa)• Zone 3
• Native to eastern and central United States
• White oak group
• 50 x 50’
55 x 15’Japanese Tree Lilac (Syringa reticulata)
• Zone 3
• Native to northern Japan
• 25 x 20’
• Flowers early June
• Pest free
• Snowdance™ (‘Bailnce’) - 20 x 20’, sterile (produces no seed), flowers at early age
Wet Soils
• Box Elder (Acer negundo)
• Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
• Niobe (Golden) Weeping Willow (Salix alba ‘Tristis’)
Sensation Box Elder (Acer negundo ‘Sensation’)
• Zone (3)4
• U.S. native
• 35 x 25’
• Red fall color which is atypical for the species
• Male clone, no seeds
• Tolerant of dry soil as well
Tough Trees for Tough Sites
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Saline Soils – Increased Salt Levels
• Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
• Thornless Honeylocus (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis)
• Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
• Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana)
• American elm (Ulmus americana)
Taylor Juniper (Juniperus virginiana ‘Taylor’)
• Zone (3)4
• U.S. native
• 30 x 3’
• Deer resistant
• Drought resistant
• Dry soil tolerant
Prairie Expedition® American Elm(Ulmus americana 'Lewis & Clark’)
• Zone 3
• U.S. native
• 60 x 40’
• DED resistant
Compacted Sites• Prairie Horizon® Manchurian Alder (Alnus hirsuta ‘Harbin’)
• River Birch (Betula nigra)• 40 - 70’, Peeling cinnamon-brown bark, often multi-stemmed
• Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum)• 45 - 75’, Oval crown with pendulous branches, transplants well, fast growth
• Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
• American Larch (Larix laricina)• 40 - 70’, Native, deciduous conifer, yellow fall color, few pests
• Flowering Crabapple (Malus hybrids)
• Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis)• 40 - 50’, Scale-like leaves, broad pyramidal form; ‘Techny’ recommended• Not deer resistant (recommend Taylor Juniper as substitute if deer are an
issue)
Prairie Horizon® Manchurian Alder(Alnus hirsuta ‘Harbin’)
• Zone 3
• Native of China
• 30 x 25’
Northern Tribute® River Birch (Betula nigra ‘Dickinson’)
• Zone (3)4
• U.S. native
• 35 x 30’
• pH tolerant
Tough Trees for Tough Sites
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Utility Friendly (Under 25’ Maximum Height)
• Flowering Crabapple (Malus hybrids)
• Japanese Tree Lilac (Syringa reticulata)
• Prairie Gem® Flowering Pear (Pyrus ussuriensis ‘MorDak’)
Marilee® Flowering Crabapple(Malus ‘Jarmin’)
• Zone (3)4
• 24 x 10’
• Narrow upright
• Pink budded, double white large flowers
• Fruitless
• Good disease resistance
Prairie Gem® Flowering Pear (Pyrus ussuriensis ‘MorDak’)
• Zone 3 – 6
• 25 x 20’
• Fast growth rate
• Showy flowers emerge before foliage
• Tolerant of urban pollution
More Information:
• https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/plantsciences/research/woody-plants• Overview page
• https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/plantsciences/research/introductions• Links to datasheets for individual introductions
• https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/plantsciences/research/woody-plants/research• Links to PDF lists of the NDSU introductions
• Dr. Todd West – NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program
Contact: [email protected]
• Greg Morgenson – NDSU Woody Plant Improvement Program
Contact: [email protected]
Thank You!
