Topsoe Hydrocracking Processes 2011

Hydrocracking processes

Haldor Topsøe A/S – Nymøllevej 55 2800 Kgs. Lyngby - Denmark

Topsøe HC processes 1 / 16

JEOM/PZ/PEVB/MKJ 20 August 2010

Information contained herein is confidential; it may not be used for any purpose other than for which it has been issued, and may not be used by or disclosed to third parties without written approval of Haldor Topsøe A/S.

Contents

1 Topsøe hydrocracking processes 2

2 Hydrogen optimisation 5

3 Hydrocracking technology experience 5

4 Energy conservation in hydroprocessing units 8

5 Cat feed hydrotreater license references 11

6 Hydrocracking catalysts 12

7 Catalyst references 15





1 Topsøe hydrocracking processes

Haldor Topsøe has licensed five hydrocrackers including full conversion single-stage

and two-stage hydrocracking processes and a partial conversion hydrocracking

process. For partial conversion hydrocracking, we offer once-through hydrocracking,

mild hydrocracking (MHC) with integral diesel post treatment, and our patented staged

partial conversion (SPC) process. A simplified process diagram illustrating the MHC

process with integral diesel post treatment and SPC are shown in the below figures.

Topsoe MHC Process with Distillate Post Treatment

VGO

NAPHTHA

FCC FEED

MHC

REACTOR

H2S

HYDROGEN

FRACTIONATOR

LGO

NAPHTHA

HGO

ULSD

STRIPPER

HGO POST-TREAT

REACTOR

MHC

EFFLUENT





Topsoe Staged Partial Conversion Process

FEED

NAPHTHA

DIESEL

FCC FEED

GAS

HDS

REACTOR

H2S

HYDROGEN

HDC

STRIPPER FRACTIONATOR

HDC

REACTOR

HDS

STRIPPER

For the Topsøe MHC process with integral diesel post treatment, the reaction section

operates at medium pressure (60 to 100 barg) to produce the desired FCC feed quality.

The post treatment stage upgrades the heavy gas oil product from the MHC by

hydrotreating or hydrocracking to produce the desired ULSD quality. A comparison of a

MHC process with a high pressure partial conversion and Topsøe MHC with post

treatment is shown below:

Configuration MHC

(Base)

High pressure

HDC

MHC with

post treat

Reactor pressure barg 80 160 80

Gross conversion %vol. 30 30 30

Diesel yield %vol. 29 30 28

Diesel sulphur wppm 50 10 10

Diesel density kg/m3 875 845 845

Diesel cetane no. D-613 40 51 51

Total installed cost Base 1.4*Base 1.3*Base

Capex savings

(relative to HP HDC)

€/ TPD

$/BPD

2400

400





Hydrogen demand Base 2.2*Base 1.4*Base

Hydrogen savings

(relative to HP HDC)

Nm3/m3

SCFB

50 - 80

300 - 500

The SPC process incorporates a staged reaction system in which a portion of the

heavy gas oil product from the lead hydrodesulphurisation (HDS) reactor is bypassed

on flow control reducing the net charge rate to the second series flow hydrocracking

(HDC) reactor. This allows the net conversion level in the second reactor to be

substantially higher than the overall gross conversion requirement for producing FCC

feed. Increased conversion dramatically improves the middle distillate product. Severity

in the lead reactor is controlled independently based on the minimum HDS requirement

for the FCC feed to make ultra low sulphur gasoline. Severity in the lag reactor is

controlled based on meeting ultra low sulphur kerosene and diesel fuel requirements

including smoke point, density and cetane quality.

The separation of gas and liquid in the bottom of the lead reactor vessel is achieved

without the need for any complex internals arrangement and uses a minimum of

reactor height. Simple flow control is utilised to split the liquid phase from the bottom of

the lead reactor.

A comparison between a MHC process, a high pressure partial conversion process,

and the SPC process is shown in the table below:

Configuration MHC

(Base)

High pressure

HDC

Topsøe

SPC

Reactor pressure barg 100 160 100

Gross conversion %vol. 30 30 30

Diesel yield %vol. 31.0 31.5 28.0

Diesel sulphur wppm 10 10 10

Diesel density kg/m3 875 845 845

Diesel cetane index D-4737 46 52 47

Total installed cost Base 1.3*Base 1.1*Base

Capex savings MM€/TPD 3000

Hydrogen demand Base 1.8*Base 1.3*Base

Hydrogen savings Nm3/tonne 50





Haldor Topsøe has constructed a pilot plant to demonstrate the SPC process and

performed substantial testing and different feedstocks to provide an application

database for the new technology.

2 Hydrogen optimisation

Haldor Topsøe optimises the hydrogen usage in a hydrocracker to achieve the process

and product objectives by:

- Using high selectivity hydrocracking catalysts to reduce light ends make and maximise middle distillates to reduce hydrogen consumption.

- Using different families of hydrocracking catalysts tailored to achieve desired product properties. For example, one family of catalysts is used to maximise hydrogen uptake to produce high viscosity index unconverted oil used for lube production, while another catalyst family is used to reduce mono-aromatic saturation in the unconverted oil used as FCC feed.

- Incorporating process features for the recovery of the soluble hydrogen from the off gases of the hydrocracker.

3 Hydrocracking technology experience

Topsøe has licensed five hydrocrackers – two revamps and three grass-roots units in

the last five years. Four of the licensed units were won in the last two years. The

reasons why Topsøe was chosen as the hydrocracking licensor by our clients are:

- Topsøe has hired engineers with vast experience in the design, start-up and operation of hydrocracking units.

- Topsøe has developed a family of commercially demonstrated pre-treating and hydrocracking catalysts. Our latest BRIMTM hydrotreating catalysts are the best performing hydrocracker pretreat catalysts on the market today. Topsøe offers commercially proven hydrocracking catalysts for maximum middle distillate service and for flexible co-production of naphtha and middle distillate.

- Our maximum middle distillate hydrocracking catalysts produce distillates with excellent cold flow properties due to enhanced isomerisation activity.

- Topsøe has developed commercially proven reactor internals for hydroprocessing units to maximize utilization of the catalysts activities.

- Topsøe can confirm operating conditions, yields and product properties in our state-of-the-art pilot plants.

- Topsøe can provide customer focussed technical services using experienced hydrocracking experts.





The scope of supply for all five licensed units consists of hydrocracking technology

license, engineering, catalysts, reactor internals, and technical services. In addition,

scoping studies were performed for three projects to help the client better define the

project scope prior to start of engineering.

Below is a summary of the hydrocracking units licensed by Topsøe.

OMV/Petrom, Petrobrazi Refinery, Romania

OMV/Petrom licensed Topsøe’s hydrocracking technology for a 34,000 bpsd grass-

roots hydrocracking unit at the Petrobrazi Refinery in Romania. The unit will provide a

high conversion of a mixture of heavy vacuum gasoil and heavy coker gas oil into high

quality diesel and jet fuel products. The new hydrocracker forms part of an overall

project for expanding the capacity of the Petrobrazi Refinery to 6 million tonnes of

crudes per year.

The hydrocracker feed contains 2000 wppm nitrogen. It is a blend of 80 wt% heavy

vacuum gas oil (HVGO) and 20 wt% heavy coker gas oil (HCGO). Topsøe was one of

three licensors that competed in a paid study and was chosen as the licensor by OMV

after a thorough evaluation. Topsøe presented study cases covering 55% and 75%

conversion to ULSD and lighter. The study deliverables includes PFD and sized

equipment to allow independent cost estimates to be done by the client’s contractor.

During the study phase, the client ran tests in their hydrocracker pilot plant which

confirmed Topsøe’s technical performance predictions.

Topsøe produced an engineering design package for this unit and participated in FEED

development with the clients selected contractor. The client awarded the project to

Topsøe in November 2007.

Undisclosed Refinery A

This refinery has licensed a grass-roots 42,000 bpsd single stage full conversion

hydrocracking unit from Topsøe. The unit is designed to maximise diesel production

from converting vacuum gas oil. Start up is expected to be in 2015.





Undisclosed Refinery B

An undisclosed refinery has licensed a Topsøe hydrocracker for a 65,000 bpsd grass-

roots full conversion hydrocracker unit with a post-cracking reactor for maximising light

naphtha yield by cracking heavy naphtha and kerosene. Topsøe’s hydrocracking

technology was selected based on an innovative and cost-efficient solution for

maximising the production of diesel and light naphtha. The unit is expected to start up

in 2016.

Preem AB, Gothenburg, Sweden - Revamp to mild hydrocracking unit

In 2002, Preem AB in Gothenburg, Sweden awarded a license to Topsøe for the

revamp of an existing AKZO Makfining unit for partial conversion hydrocracking of

heavy atmospheric gas oil. A secondary revamp objective was to increase unit capacity

by 27% to 9,100 bpsd. The reactor was revamped with Topsøe internals, and a full

load of partial conversion hydrocracking catalysts was installed in this unit. The product

fractionation system was revamped to allow withdrawal of middle distillate blend

streams with optimum endpoints to maximise diesel pools.

Preem increased the middle distillate yield with Topsøe high mid-distillate NiW

hydrocracking catalysts. The diesel product fulfilled the project objectives, meeting with

a good margin cloud point and colour specifications with a very low sulphur level of < 2

wppm. The excellent cloud point obtained allowed an increase in diesel endpoint and

yield.

Following a study phase including pilot plant work, the revamp project was completed

on time with a short schedule and was successfully started up in July 2003 after a

normal refinery turn-around. Topsøe and Preem engineers co-authored a paper

presented in the July 2005 issue of Hydrocarbon Engineering.

Slovnaft Bratislava Refinery, Slovakia

Topsøe was awarded a hydrocracker license to revamp the 24,000 bpsd Slovnaft

hydrocracker in 2007 (original licensor is UOP) in Bratislava Refinery in Slovakia. The

scope of supply is license, catalyst, reactor internals, and engineering. A revamp study

was done by Topsøe to achieve the following goals:

- Change the catalyst and define the equipment revamp scope required to shift from co-production of naphtha and middle distillate to maximum middle distillate operation

- Determine the maximum feed rate feasible without modifications of major equipment

- Provide new process simulation of the entire the hydrocracking unit (including fractionation section) for new operating mode





- Define the impact of adding LCO as a feed component - Recommend latest operating and maintenance best practices - Define the benefit of reactor internals replacement using Topsøe’s new

internals - Recommend HPNA management strategy - Recommend improvement in unit safety and reliability - Recommend improvement in energy and on stream efficiency - Recommend solutions to a list of current operating constraints and bottlenecks - Provide size and cost estimate for new or modified equipment.

Based on the study results, Slovnaft obtained management approval for the revamp

project. Topsøe delivered a process design package for the revamp in 2008. The

process design included detail design of the revamped reactor internals for three

reactors. The main catalyst system used in the revamp was TK-605 BRIM™ for

hydrocracker feed pretreat and TK-951, TK931, and TK-926 hydrocracking catalysts.

The combination of these catalysts offers flexibility of product slate and superior

product quality. The revamped unit started up successfully in 2009 and met all

guarantees.

4 Energy conservation in hydroprocessing units

Energy consumption in hydroprocessing units is related in large part to the pumping

and compression of process fluids to reaction pressures, heating reactants to reaction

temperatures, and the separation and final cooling of refined products. This energy is

supplied to the process through the use of utilities such as electrical power, fuel for

combustion heat and steam and represents substantial operating costs for

hydroprocessing facilities.

Reactor and catalyst technology

Haldor Topsøe designs hydroprocessing units to achieve the required reaction

performance at the optimum conditions of temperature, pressure, and gas circulation

rate and thereby minimising the associated capex and energy consumption. This

detailed knowledge of how the catalyst performance can be optimised leads to the

lowest possible capital cost in addition to the most energy efficient design.





Substantial energy is consumed to overcome the hydraulic pressure drop associated

with the operation of fixed catalyst bed hydroprocessing reactors. Topsøe catalysts are

manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes to both minimise pressure drop and

prevent the increase in pressure drop associated with the build up of deposits within

the catalyst bed. The use of state of the art reactor internals insures that the distribution

and temperature control required for optimum catalyst performance can be achieved

without the need for high catalyst bed pressure drop and corresponding energy

consumption.

Heat integration

The reactions associated with hydroprocessing are exothermic and release substantial

amounts of heat. This energy can be recovered by heat exchange and used to

minimise the need for utility heating by fuel gas or steam. The feed to the reactor is

preheated by exchange with the product exiting the reactor at higher temperature. The

heat content of the reactor product can also be utilised to off-set a portion of the heat

input required for product separation by distillation. Though it is not a preferred design

approach, in some cases the reactor product heat can also be used for steam

generation and thereby achieve increased efficiency by reducing the need for steam

production outside the hydroprocessing unit.

Maximising the use of process heat integration in a hydrocracking unit can reduce the

required heat input to the fractionation section by 30 to 50 percent. In a modern facility,

the capital cost associated with the large heat exchanger surface area required for

such integration is easily justified by energy conservation and reduction of carbon

emission.

Power recovery turbines

Some of the energy content of liquids at high pressure can be recovered through the

use of hydraulic power recovery turbines. These turbines recover power when the fluid

is expanded from high pressure to low pressure and can be used to drive mechanical

equipment directly or can be coupled to an electrical generator. Most commonly in

hydroprocessing units, a turbine on the hydrocarbon product fluid is used to help drive

the hydrocarbon feed pump. If the unit is equipped with a high pressure amine

absorber, a turbine on the rich amine fluid can provide power to the lean amine booster

pump. As much as 50 to 70 percent of the electrical pumping power can be saved in

these applications.





High efficiency process heaters

High level process heat is generally supplied to hydroprocessing units by fuel gas

combustion in fired heaters. High energy efficiency can be achieved through the use of

steam generation and combustion air preheat by the hot flue gas generated in the

heater. Such a heater configuration is illustrated in the below sketch. Air preheat

reduces the amount of flue gas combustion needed to supply the process heat

requirements. Steam generation can in many cases fully produce all the steam needed

within the hydroprocessing unit and even export steam for general purpose use in the

refinery. The extra cost associated with such systems is justified by energy

conservations and the reduction of carbon emission.

Process heat can also be supplied in conjunction with electrical power through the use

of a gas turbine co-generation scheme. The hot flue gas from the gas turbine is used to

supply the process heat while also producing steam and electricity. Such schemes are

considerably more expensive than conventional high efficiency heater systems and

therefore much more difficult to justify.

High Efficiency Process Heater Configuration

REACTOR

CHARGEHEATER

FRACTIONATOR

CH ARGEHEATER

COMBUSTIONAIR

STACK

REFINERY

STEAM

BFW

BOILERSUPERHEATER

AIR

PREHEATERATM

STEAM

DRUM

FLUE GAS





5 Cat feed hydrotreater license references

Marathon/Ashland Petroleum (MPC) - revamp of Catlettsburg FCC pretreating

units

Topsøe licensed two FCC pretreating unit revamps to MPC. One is a 35,000 BPD low

pressure VGO (LPVGO) hydrotreater and the other is a 60,000 BPD high pressure

VGO (HPVGO) hydrotreater. The processing objective for these units is to reduce the

sulphur content in the feedstock from the two FCC pretreating units to approximately

500 wppm and 750 wppm respectively. The combined FCC feed allows the refinery to

produce gasoline meeting the 40 wppm EPA specification without FCC gasoline post

treatment. Topsøe supplied license, engineering, reactor internals, and catalyst for

these two units.

Topsøe delivered the engineering packages for the revamps in July 2001. Two new

lead reactors and two new lag reactors were designed and fabricated for the HPVGO

unit, and four existing reactors were relocated to the LPVGO unit and fitted with

Topsøe reactor internals. The new reactors plus internals for this project were shipped

in August, 2002. The HPVGO unit started up successfully in June 2003 and met all

guarantees. The LPVGO unit started up in February 2004 and met all guarantees.

Undisclosed Refinery A – 1st FCC pretreating unit

In November 2001, Topsøe executed an alliance agreement with Refinery A to use

Topsøe hydroprocessing technology for the design of new and/or revamped cat feed

hydrotreaters (CFHT) within its refining system. The initial project under this alliance is

a grass-roots 33,000 BPD CFHT. Topsøe delivered a process design package for the

unit in May 2002. The processing objective for this project is to reduce the sulphur in

the FCC feed to approximately 700 wppm, which will enable the FCC to produce full

range naphtha with a sulphur content less than 50 wppm. Topsøe supplied license,

engineering, reactor internals, and catalysts for this unit.

The unit started up successfully in November 2005 meeting all guarantees. A process

study has been prepared for increasing the feed capacity to 39,000 bpsd while

processing much tougher Canadian crudes. These recommended revamp

requirements are currently being implemented.





Undisclosed Client A – 2nd FCC pretreating unit

The second unit to be included under the alliance is the revamp of a 29,000 bpd CFHT

unit. The first phase of this project was installation of a new top distribution tray for an

existing reactor in the VGO hydrotreater in October, 2002. The second phase of this

project includes the revamp and tie-in of a second reactor with Topsøe internals, to

enable the unit to produce a low sulphur FCC feed. Topsøe’s supply for this unit is

license, engineering, reactor internals, and catalysts. The unit started up in April 2006

and has met all guarantees.

6 Hydrocracking catalysts

A hydrocracker is one of the most profitable units in a refinery, partly due to the volume

swell, and partly because it converts heavy feedstocks to lighter and more valuable

products such as naphtha, jet-fuel, kerosene and diesel. The unconverted oil may be

used as feedstock for FCC units, lube oil plants and ethylene plants. Any improvement

in the hydrocracking unit operation significantly improves overall refinery economics.

The proper selection of hydrocracking catalysts offers a great potential for enhancing

the performance of the hydrocracking unit with respect to yield structure, product

properties, throughput and cycle length.

For optimum performance of a hydrocracking catalyst, it is important to have a high-

activity hydrotreating catalyst in front of it to convert organic nitrogen and heavy

aromatic compounds to low levels. Topsøe offers a complete catalyst solution,

comprising hydrotreating and hydrocracking catalysts as well as grading and guard

catalysts.

Maximum middle distillate hydrocracking catalysts

For hydrocracking catalysts, there is often a trade-off between catalyst activity and

product selectivity. There can furthermore be a trade-off between the various product

properties such as the smoke point of the jet fraction, the cetane number and cold flow

properties of the diesel fraction and the viscosity index of the unconverted oil.

At the same time, the refiner is often interested in limiting hydrogen consumption. The

tools that catalyst developers have at hand to address these various requirements are

balancing the hydrogenation function with the acidic function and modifying the two

functions.





As a result of extensive R&D efforts, Topsøe has developed and commercialised two

series of hydrocracking catalysts which in combination with the appropriate Topsøe

pretreater catalysts from the BRIM™ series have shown to provide a step-out

performance compared to existing hydrocracking catalysts in the industry.

The red hydrocracking catalyst series provides exceptional middle distillate yields

combined with excellent product properties including high cetane number for diesel,

high smoke point for kerosene and high viscosity index for unconverted oil:

The blue hydrocracking catalyst series provides an even better middle distillate yield

with superior cold flow product properties compared to the red series.

The red series

TK-925 is a maximum distillate catalyst. Its main objective is to maximise high-quality

diesel yield while producing unconverted oil with excellent qualities for lube oil plants or

for FCC units.

TK-931 is a middle distillate catalyst designed to produce very high yields of premium-

quality diesel, jet-fuel and lube oil base stocks. Specifically, this catalyst gives a high

smoke point for jet, an excellent cetane number for diesel fraction and a high viscosity

index (VI) for lube base oils.

TK-941 and TK-951 are the recommended catalysts when both high activity and high

yield are important. TK-951 is more active than TK-941, and both provide excellent

middle distillate yields with efficient hydrogen utilisation.

TK-947 is optimised for units at high space velocity and/or low unit pressure. TK-947

has shown excellent performance in both catalyst activity and stability and in product

yields and properties.

The blue series

TK-926 has a high selectivity for diesel production. The acid function of TK-926 has

been modified to enhance the isomerisation reactions and improve the cold flow

properties of the products.

TK-933 and TK-943 are medium-activity catalysts to be used in services, where very

high middle distillate yields, very good cold flow properties and optimised hydrogen

consumption are a must. The diesel cloud point is typically 10-20°C (18-36°F) lower

than that obtained with other catalysts.





A special acid function modification is used to improve the isomerisation activity and

the middle distillate selectivity. TK-943 is more active than TK-933.

Mild hydrocracking applications

Many hydrocrackers in the refineries operate in mild hydrocracking mode. For these

units, the main objectives are to obtain a certain minimum conversion as well as to

meet specific product properties such as sulphur content, density and cetane number.

Typical pressures are in the 60-110 bar (850-1560 psig) range. Typical conversion is

10-20% for lower pressure units and 30-50% for higher pressure units.

Meeting the product objectives under such conditions can be challenging. Very often

the cycle length is determined not by decline in conversion, but by failure to meet a

product property such as sulphur content in the diesel fraction. Our catalysts exhibit an

excellent nitrogen tolerance, resulting in very stable HDS and HDN activities

throughout the cycle. The optimal catalyst or combination of catalysts depends on feed

quality and available hydrogen.

Hydrocracker pretreatment

The pretreatment stage in a hydrocracker has the primary objective of removing

organic nitrogen, particularly basic nitrogen compounds and aromatics in the feed.

Nitrogen compounds have a significantly negative impact on the activity of the

hydrocracking catalyst and consequently on the performance of the hydrocracker.

The growing interest in processing heavy oils with high nitrogen content has created a

need for pretreatment catalysts with an even higher HDN activity. Depending on the

specific needs, Topsøe has developed two catalysts for this service. The

catalysts are prepared with the proprietary BRIM™ technology, resulting in high activity

for both HDS and in particular HDN. In addition, due to the better utilisation of the

active metals and modified carriers the high activity BRIM™ catalysts have attractive

filling densities.

TK-607 BRIM™ exhibits a very high HDN activity and an excellent stability for high-

pressure hydrocracker services. Sulphur and nitrogen removal are significantly

improved with TK-607 BRIM™ compared to previous generation catalysts TK-605

BRIM™ and TK-565.

TK-561 BRIM™ is a catalyst where the activity for nitrogen removal has been

maximised while maintaining a high HDS activity. TK-561 BRIM™ is the perfect choice

for mild hydrocracking applications, where stability and conversion activity are main

objectives, and product sulphur is the limiting factor.





7 Catalyst references

Slovnaft a.s., Slovakia has purchased 190 tonnes of catalysts for their high pressure

hydrocracker. The catalysts were purchased for their 3,400 MT/day unit, operating at

150 bar with a conversion at about 95%. This decision was taken based on

experiences with excellent performance of Topsøe’s catalysts since 2005. The feed to

the unit is Russian export blend.

Preem Lysekil, Sweden has decided to follow a successful three-year TK-558 BRIM™

run of their 53.000 bpsd, 71 bar mild hydrocracker unit with a new load of Topsøe

catalysts. This is due to needs for higher conversion when they are in VGO mode of

this unit and improved cold flow properties of the diesel produced in the diesel mode.

ENAP Refinerias Bio Bio, Chile has selected catalyst material from Topsøe for the

first time to their high pressure hydrocracker. This 2,400 MT/day unit operates at 143

bar, aiming at a maximum mid-distillate yield at a net conversion of 70% based on

volume. The processed feed is blends of HVGO and HCGO, and the feed nitrogen

varies from 1,000 to 3,100 ppm N.

ENAP Refinerias Aconcagua, Chile has purchased 224 tonnes of catalysts for their

single-stage hydrocracker. The catalysts were purchased for their 3,000 MT/day unit

operating with a conversion at about 60%. The main objectives are high quality FCC

feed and high quality product diesel. The processed feed is blends of HVGO and VGO.

YPF, Argentina selected Topsøe hydrocracking catalyst system after a series of

detailed pilot plant studies on actual feed and conditions. The main objectives for this

full conversion 140 bar hydrocracker are increased diesel and kerosene yields with

improved properties such as cloud point and cetane index.

Murphy Meraux, LA, USA has awarded Topsøe for their hydrocracker train. This full

load of Topsøe hydrocracker and pretreatment catalysts for the high pressure, 2,450

psi, 32,000 bpsd hydrocracker aims at 41% conversion with the highest possible

selectivity into low sulphur mid distillates. The processed feed is a blend of HVGO,

LVGO and AG with a rather high Si content.

Preem Lysekil, Sweden has awarded Topsøe to their major European hydrocracker.

This is a full load of Topsøe hydrocracker and pretreatment catalysts for this single-

stage two-reactor 142 bar 47,000 bpsd hydrocracker, aiming at a 55% conversion with

good properties of the produced diesel. Most of the feed being processed is Russian

VGO.





Saras, Sarroch, Italy decided again to use Topsøe catalysts for their 60,000 bpsd mild

hydrocracker. This unit, aiming at 40-50% conversion and 10 ppm sulphur in the diesel,

requires the most stable catalyst system in order to be able to operate for more than

one year. The feed to this 100 bar unit has an end-point as high as 630ºC.

MOL Szazhalombatta, Hungary decided again to purchase Topsøe hydrocracking

and pretreatment catalysts for their 2010 turnaround in their 6,000 MTPSD MHC unit.

The processed feed is blends of HVGO and HCGO, aiming at a conversion of more

than 27% to high quality diesel. The unit operates at a pressure of 75 bar.

Petro Piar, Venezuela has again, due to very difficult operating conditions of the U16 and an unpredicted short cycle, selected Topsøe hydrocracking catalysts for this major hydrocracking 55,000 bpsd U16, treating very heavy coker gas oil feed.

Documents

Topsoe Hydrocracking Processes 2011