TOP 5 CANCERS FOR MEN OVER 50

DR SAI RAJENDRAMS MCPS FAIS

CONSULTANT SURGICAL ONCOLOGISTBASAVATARAKAM INDO AMERICAN CANCER

HOSPITAL

LIFE STYLE DISEASES & HEALTH

• 1900 – 1940 : pneumonia / influenza , TB , diarrhea / enteritis – 60% infectious diseases.

Heart – 4th ,& cancer 8th ,leading cause of death.

• 1940 – 1990 : heart disease, cancer & 60 % degenerative diseases ( diabetes, cirrhosis, kidney failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases )

Lifestyle diseases at present times

• Hypertension • Diabetes • Heart attack• Stroke – cerebaro vascular accidents• Cancer Obesity – malnutrition- diet related problems

TOP 5 CANCERS

• PROSTATE CANCER• LUNG CANCER• COLON AND RECTUM CANCER• BLADDER CANCER• MELANOMA / HEAD & NECK CANCER

PROSTATE CANCER

RISK FACTORS• Age : > 50 yrs most cases over age 68• Family history: grandfather, father or brother

have had prostate cancer• Race : african american more likely than white

mates• High fat diet• Obesity

Prostate cancer screening

• PSA : prostate specific antigen, test should be given annually beginning at age 50

• DRE : digital rectal examination, test should be given annually beginning at age 50 for men of average risk, age 45 or younger for men a high risk

• TRUS : trans rectal ultrasound• FNA : fine needle aspiration

LUNG CANCER

RISK FACTORS• SMOKING : secondhand smoke can increase

the risk of lung cancer• GENETICS : certain gene mutations & family

history of lung cancer• EXPOSURE to asbestos

LUNG CANCER WARNING SYMPTOMS

• Cough that does not go away• Chest pain, often made worse by deep breathing,

coughing or laughing• Hoarseness • Weight loss & loss of appetite• Bloody or rust colored sputum (spit)• Shortness of breath• Infections such as bronchitis & pneuomonitis that

keep coming back• Wheezing

LUNG CANCER SCREENING

LUNG IS DIFFICULT TO DETECT BECAUSE MOST SYMPTOMS DO NOT APPEAR UNTIL LATE STAGE. SCREENING ( CHEST X-RAYS , CT SCANS & MRI ) MAY BE USED FOR HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS TO DETECT ABNORMAL AREAS IN LUNG .

SPUTUM CYTOLOGY , BRONCHOSCOPY AND BIOPSY

Colorectal cancer

COLON & RECTUM CANCER ( COLORECTAL )

RISK FACTORS• Age : 90 % of cases occur in people over 50• Genetic mutations • Family history : grandfather, father or brother had

colorectal cancer• Previous colorectal cancer : if you’ve had cancer

removed already, you are at a highier risk to get a new one

• Inflamatory bowel disease : chron’s disease or ulcerative colitis for several years, highier risk to get colorectal cancer

RISK FOCTORS COLORECTA CANCER cont.• Certain lifestyle factors appear to raise the

risk of colorectal cancer :• Drinking more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day• Obesity• Smoking• Diabetes• A high fat diet, with mostly red meat

Signs & Symptoms

• Change in bowel habits• Blood in Stool

– Bright red – Very dark red– Black/Tarry Stool

• Diarrhea• Constipation • Does your bowel feel like it

emptied completely?

• General abdominal discomfort– Gas pains– Bloating– Fullness– Cramps

• Weight loss w/ no explained reason

• Constant tiredness• Vomiting (coffee grounds)

COLORECTAL CANCERS SCREENING

Beginning at age 50, men who are at average risk for developing cancer should have one of the following :

• Fecal occult blood : test to be done once a year • Double contrast barium enema : once every 5

years , instead of fecal occult blood• Colonoscopy : every 10 years, now we have a

option of CT virtual colonoscopy• Flexible sigmoidscopy : once every 5 years

Results• Negative = no

abnormalities are found

• Positive = abnormalities found, such as polyps.

• If positive you may be scheduled for further testing.

How can I prevent colorectal cancer ?

• Early screening • Eating like hunter-gatherer

cut back on red meat• Getting off the couch

30 minutes of activity 5 days a week

• Quit smoking• Limit drinking

BLADDER CANCER

RISK FACTORS• Smoking• Gender : three times more common in men• Occupation : working in dye, rubber, leather

print or paint industry• Exposure to arsenic in drinking water• Chronic bladder conditions ( stone or

infection)

BLADDER CANCER SCREENING

Screening is done only in people with nigh risk and those who have previously had urinary bladder cancer. It is often diagnosed by examining cells in urine under a microscope or urine cytology, and by inspecting the bladder with a cystoscopy ( a slender tube fitted with a lens & light that is inserted into the bladder through the urethra ie. Urine passage )

MELANOMA

RISK FACTORS• Prior melanoma• Family history of melanoma• Large number of moles• Sun sensitivity : people with fair skin & who

are sensitive to sun• Excessive exposure to sun• Diseases that suppress the immune system

MELNOMA SCREENING

• Regular head to toe examinations : follow the ABCs. Look for Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color ( uneven pigmentation ) and a diameter greater than 6 mm. if you notice any changes or suspicious moles, call your doctor.

• If you are considered high risk, consider having an annual clinical examination by a dermatologist

Oral cancer

• Tobacco – smoking , chewing , paste , tooth powder , snuff.

• Alcohol – when added to tobacco the risk is 6 times more

• Men more common then women• HPV virus• Sharp tooth , ill fitting denture , bad oral

hygiene

Oral cavity examination needs good illumination & finger to palpate

RED FORMULA

• Reduce : risk

• Recognize : symptoms

• Respond : see your doctor

Health screening – Men – age 40-64

• Screen for diseases• Assess risk for future medical problems• Help develop a healthy lifestyle• Update vaccinations• Maintain a relationship with a doctor in case

of a illness

Check for TEN potential problems

• 1. Hypertension – every 2 years till 40 , then once a year.

• 2. Blood sugar• 3. Cholesterol – after 34 every 5 years• 4. Colon cancer screening• 5. Dental examination

Check for ten potential problems

• 6. Eye exam – every 2 years• 7. Immunization – flu vaccine every year &

hepatitis B• 8. Osteoporosis – age 50 – 70• 9.Prostate cancer screening• 10. Preventive health visit every 2 yrs until 50

then once a year : check height & weight , screen for alcohol & tobacco use , screen for depression

DID YOU KNOW ?

People who maintain a healthy life style, including exercising regularly, eating right, having an active social network and avoid smoking, can outlive their peers by an average of 5.4 years

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL

EAT HEALTHY

EXERCISE

DID YOU KNOW ?

PEOPLE LIVING IN WALKABLE NEIGHBOURHOODS TEND TO BE MORE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE AND HAVE A COSIDERABLY LOWER RISK OF DIADETES THAN THOSE LIVING IN THE LEAST WALKABLE COMMUNITIES.

DIABETES CARE

Thank you

Q & A