Tooth Morphology. Dentition Dentition Dentition Natural teeth in position in the dental arch. Natural teeth in position in the dental arch. Arch Arch

Tooth MorphologyTooth Morphology

DentitionDentition

DentitionDentition Natural teeth in Natural teeth in

position in the position in the dental arch.dental arch.

ArchArch One row of teeth in One row of teeth in

the mouth.the mouth. Maxillary Maxillary

Upper teethUpper teeth MandibularMandibular

Lower teethLower teeth

Numbers of teethNumbers of teeth

Permanent Permanent 32 total32 total

16 each arch16 each arch 20 succedaneous20 succedaneous

Replace baby Replace baby teeth!teeth!

Primary Primary 20 total20 total

10 each arch10 each arch NO pre-molarsNO pre-molars NO 3NO 3rdrd molars molars

Quadrants Quadrants Each arch is Each arch is

divided into R + L.divided into R + L. MidlineMidline

Max. R. quadrantMax. R. quadrant URQURQ

Max. L. quadrantMax. L. quadrant ULQULQ

Man. L quadrantMan. L quadrant LLQLLQ

Man. R quadrantMan. R quadrant LRQLRQ

SextantsSextants 6 sections of the 6 sections of the

mouthmouth 3 of each arch3 of each arch

MaxillaryMaxillary Max. R. Post. SextantMax. R. Post. Sextant Max. Anterior SextantMax. Anterior Sextant Max. L. Post. SextantMax. L. Post. Sextant

MandibularMandibular Mand. L. Post. SextantMand. L. Post. Sextant Mand. Anterior SextantMand. Anterior Sextant Mand. R. Post. SextantMand. R. Post. Sextant

Tooth surfacesTooth surfaces Anterior Anterior

Facial / LabialFacial / Labial LingualLingual MesialMesial DistalDistal Incisal edgeIncisal edge

PosteriorPosterior Facial / BuccalFacial / Buccal LingualLingual Mesial Mesial DistalDistal OcclusalOcclusal

Proximal surfaces?Proximal surfaces? Surfaces of adjacent Surfaces of adjacent

teeth closest to each teeth closest to each other.other.

Mesial / DistalMesial / Distal MidlineMidline

Mesial / MesialMesial / Mesial ExampleExample

You floss the proximal You floss the proximal surfaces of a tooth.surfaces of a tooth.

Your floss would be Your floss would be interproximal.interproximal.

Between the proximal Between the proximal surfaces.surfaces.

Tooth RelationshipsTooth Relationships Antagonistic Antagonistic (Antagonists)(Antagonists)

Teeth that work Teeth that work together to chewtogether to chew

Same tooth in the Same tooth in the opposite arch.opposite arch.

#1 and #32#1 and #32 #14 and #19#14 and #19

AdjacentAdjacent Teeth next to each Teeth next to each

other in the same arch.other in the same arch. #17 and #18#17 and #18

Tooth descriptionsTooth descriptions

ConvexConvex Outward curveOutward curve BulgeBulge Rounded projectionRounded projection

ConcaveConcave Inward curveInward curve Recessed areaRecessed area

Opposite of convexOpposite of convex

convex

Concave


Contact pointContact point Where adjacent Where adjacent

teeth touch each teeth touch each other.other.

DiastemaDiastema Aka open contactAka open contact Naturally occurring Naturally occurring

‘gap’ between teeth‘gap’ between teeth Common #8 #9Common #8 #9 Any 2 teeth/archAny 2 teeth/arch


EmbrasureEmbrasure Triangular space Triangular space

between the between the contact and the contact and the gingiva.gingiva.

CingulumCingulum Lump of enamelLump of enamel Lingual surfaceLingual surface @ the gum line.@ the gum line. Maxillary incisorsMaxillary incisors


LobesLobes Underdeveloped Underdeveloped

cusps.cusps. CuspCusp

Pointed or round Pointed or round mound of enamel.mound of enamel.

Form the ‘bumps’ on Form the ‘bumps’ on the chewing surface the chewing surface of molars and of molars and premolars.premolars.

““cuspid”!cuspid”!


FossaFossa RoundRound Triangular Triangular

““low spot” / low spot” / recessed arearecessed area On a surfaceOn a surface Between cusps or Between cusps or

ridges.ridges.

Developmental Developmental groove.groove. Linear Linear

““low spot” / low spot” / recessed arearecessed area

Usually occlusal Usually occlusal surfacesurface

Between cuspsBetween cusps


FissureFissure Imperfect union of Imperfect union of

cuspscusps Appears as a small Appears as a small

“crack”“crack” Located at the Located at the

bottom of a bottom of a developmental developmental groovegroove

PitPit Where fissures Where fissures

cross or end.cross or end. Sealants are placed Sealants are placed

in pits and fissures in pits and fissures to prevent decay.to prevent decay.


MamelonsMamelons 3 small cusps 3 small cusps

Incisal edgeIncisal edge Newly erupted Newly erupted

incisors.incisors. Wear down w/ use.Wear down w/ use.

Cusp of CarabelliCusp of Carabelli 55thth/ additional cusp/ additional cusp Lingual surfaceLingual surface Maxillary 1Maxillary 1stst molars molars

#3 + #14#3 + #14


RidgesRidges Elevated lines of Elevated lines of

enamel between enamel between cusps.cusps.

Many examplesMany examples

Marginal ridgesMarginal ridges Form the mesial + Form the mesial +

distal borders of the distal borders of the tooth.tooth.

Extend between the Extend between the buccal and lingual buccal and lingual cuspscusps

Tooth MorphologyTooth Morphology CrownCrown

Top of the toothTop of the tooth Covered w/ enamelCovered w/ enamel

Root(s)Root(s) Bottom of the toothBottom of the tooth Covered w/ cementumCovered w/ cementum

ApexApex End of the rootEnd of the root

Apical foramenApical foramen Hole @ apexHole @ apex


FurcationFurcation Dividing point of Dividing point of

rootsroots Of a multi-rooted Of a multi-rooted

toothtooth BifurcationBifurcation

2 roots2 roots TrifurcationTrifurcation

3 roots3 roots

Furcation

Tooth tissue junctionsTooth tissue junctions

CEJCEJ Cementoenamel Cementoenamel

junctionjunction Where enamel Where enamel

meets cementum.meets cementum. Around the outside Around the outside

of the tooth.of the tooth.

DEJDEJ Dentinoenamel Dentinoenamel

junctionjunction Where enamel Where enamel

meets the dentin.meets the dentin. Under the enamelUnder the enamel

Permanent Tooth Permanent Tooth descriptions!descriptions!

Max. Cent. IncisorsMax. Cent. Incisors Numbers: 8, 9Numbers: 8, 9 # of roots: 1# of roots: 1 Nerve: ASANerve: ASA Type of injection:Type of injection:

InfiltrationInfiltration Succedaneous: yesSuccedaneous: yes

Replaces E and FReplaces E and F Function Function

Cut Cut

Max. Lat. IncisorsMax. Lat. Incisors 7, 107, 10 1 roots1 roots ASAASA InfiltrationInfiltration Succedaneous: yesSuccedaneous: yes

Replaces: D, GReplaces: D, G Most anomalies.Most anomalies. FunctionFunction

Cut Cut

Permanent Tooth Permanent Tooth Descriptions!Descriptions!

Max. Cuspid / canineMax. Cuspid / canine 6 + 116 + 11 1 root (Longest)1 root (Longest) ““cornerstone” of the cornerstone” of the

mouthmouth ASAASA


Replace C, HReplace C, H FunctionFunction

Tear / cut Tear / cut

Max 1Max 1stst premolar / premolar / bicuspidbicuspid 5 + 125 + 12 2 roots2 roots

Only premolar w/ 2 Only premolar w/ 2 rootsroots

Removed for orthoRemoved for ortho MSAMSA


Replace B, IReplace B, I FunctionFunction

ChewChew


Max 2Max 2ndnd Premolar Premolar 4 + 134 + 13 1 root1 root MSAMSA


Replace A , JReplace A , J Function Function

Chew Chew

Max 1Max 1stst Molars Molars 3 + 143 + 14

6 year molars6 year molars Cusp of carabelliCusp of carabelli

3 roots3 roots PSA PSA

MSA MB rootMSA MB root Infiltration Infiltration

Not SuccedaneousNot Succedaneous FunctionFunction

Grind Grind Chew Chew


Max 2Max 2ndnd Molars Molars 2 + 152 + 15

(12 year molars)(12 year molars) 3 roots3 roots PSAPSA

InfiltrationInfiltration Not succedaneousNot succedaneous FunctionFunction

GrindGrind Chew Chew

Max 3Max 3rdrd Molars Molars 1 + 161 + 16

(wisdom teeth)(wisdom teeth) 3 roots3 roots PSAPSA

InfiltrationInfiltration Not succedaneousNot succedaneous FunctionFunction

Grind Grind Chew Chew


Mandibular Mandibular Central IncisorsCentral Incisors 24 + 2524 + 25 1 root1 root Incisive nerveIncisive nerve

Infiltration Infiltration Succedaneous: yesSuccedaneous: yes

Replaces O + PReplaces O + P FunctionFunction

cutcut

Mandibular lateral Mandibular lateral Incisors Incisors 23 + 2623 + 26 1 root1 root Incisive nerveIncisive nerve


Replaces N + QReplaces N + Q FunctionFunction

cutcut


Mandibular Cuspid Mandibular Cuspid / Canine/ Canine 22 + 2722 + 27 1 root1 root Incisive nerveIncisive nerve


Replaces M + RReplaces M + R FunctionFunction

Tear / cutTear / cut

Mandibular 1Mandibular 1stst Premolar / Premolar / bicuspidbicuspid 21 + 2821 + 28 1 root1 root IA IA (inferior alveolar)(inferior alveolar)

Block injection @?Block injection @? Mandibular foramenMandibular foramen

Succedaneous: yesSuccedaneous: yes Replaces L + SReplaces L + S

Function Function chewchew


Mandibular 2Mandibular 2ndnd Premolar / Premolar / bicuspidbicuspid 20 + 2920 + 29 1 root1 root IA nerveIA nerve

BlockBlock Succedaneous: yesSuccedaneous: yes

Replaces K + TReplaces K + T FunctionFunction

Chew Chew

Mandibular 1Mandibular 1stst MolarsMolars 19 + 3019 + 30 2 roots2 roots IA nerveIA nerve

BlockBlock Not SuccedaneousNot Succedaneous Function Function

Chew, grind, Chew, grind, pulverizepulverize


Mandibular 2Mandibular 2ndnd MolarsMolars 18 + 3118 + 31 2 roots2 roots IA nerveIA nerve

BlockBlock Not succedaneousNot succedaneous FunctionFunction

Grind, chew, Grind, chew, pulverizepulverize

Mandibular 3Mandibular 3rdrd Molars Molars (wisdom teeth)(wisdom teeth)

17 + 3217 + 32 2 roots2 roots IA nerveIA nerve

BlockBlock Not succedaneousNot succedaneous Function Function (if in occlusion)(if in occlusion)

Grind, chew, Grind, chew, pulverizepulverize

Primary Tooth Primary Tooth DescriptionsDescriptions

AkaAka Deciduous Deciduous Baby Baby MilkMilk

Denoted / LabeledDenoted / Labeled A – TA – T ABC’sABC’s AlphabeticallyAlphabetically Letters not Letters not

numbersnumbers

No No PremolarsPremolars 33rdrd molars molars

RootsRoots Max molarsMax molars

3 roots3 roots Mand molarsMand molars

2 roots2 roots Cuspid / canine and Cuspid / canine and

incisorsincisors All 1 root.All 1 root.

Naming a Tooth!Naming a Tooth! Arch 1Arch 1stst

Max or MandMax or Mand Side 2Side 2ndnd

Right / leftRight / left Position 3Position 3rdrd

Central / LateralCentral / Lateral 11stst / 2 / 2ndnd / 3 / 3rdrd

Type of tooth 4Type of tooth 4thth Molar / premolar / Molar / premolar /

cuspid / incisor cuspid / incisor

Examples Examples Permanent teethPermanent teeth #2#2

Max R. 2Max R. 2ndnd Molar Molar #21#21

Mand L. 1Mand L. 1stst PremolarPremolar

Primary teethPrimary teeth #B#B

Max R. 1Max R. 1stst primaryprimary molar molar

ConclusionConclusion

Knowing your tooth names and Knowing your tooth names and numbers is critical to being a numbers is critical to being a successful dental assistant.successful dental assistant.

Understanding morphology Understanding morphology terminology will make it easier to terminology will make it easier to communicate with your dentist.communicate with your dentist.

Do you have any questions?Do you have any questions?

Documents

Tooth Morphology. Dentition Dentition Dentition Natural teeth in position in the dental arch. Natural teeth in position in the dental arch. Arch Arch