TOOLS OF THE HISTORIANS

TOOLS 1-TOOLS 9

Three types of Calendars:◦ Christian – Western ◦ Jewish- Beginning 3,760 years before the

Christian Calendar.◦ Muslim- Beginning A.D. 622

CALENDARS:

Western Calendar is known as the Christian Calendar

These dates are divided into two parts B.C. Before Christ A.D. Anno Domini (Latin for in the year of

the Lord)

WESTERN CALENDAR

When writing a date B.C. will follow the year, while A.D. will precede. ◦ Ex. 167 B.C. ◦ Ex. A.D. 2011

There is no year 0 B.C. is counted backward from A.D.1 Anything after Christ birth is counted

forward from A.D. 1

DATING EVENTS

History is divided into periods and eras Decade =10 years Century = 100 years

ORGANIZING TIME

Longer than a century we divide them into periods ◦ Prehistory 5,500 years ago◦ Ancient History ending about A.D. 500◦ Middle Age-Medieval period about A.D. 500-1500◦ Modern History starting A.D. 1500 and continuing

into present day

ORGANIZING TIME

Timelines show dates and events inchronologic order. Which came first?

Civil War or World War II A.D. 348 or 20 B.C. Medieval History or Ancient History

THINK PAIR SHARE

How do Historians obtain their information? Primary & Secondary Sources Primary Sources come from first hand Secondary Sources come from after the

date, someone who was not present

WHAT IS EVIDENCE

Give examples of Primary Sources Give examples of Secondary Sources

THINK PAIR SHARE

Where, When, and Why? Check the credibility of the source Bias Views Multiple sources Interpret and explain

EXAMINING THE SOURCE

Cause = Effect Effect = is because of a cause

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Location- Where is it? Place- What is it like? Human/Environment Interaction: what is the

relationship between people and their surroundings?

Movement- How do people in one area relate to people in other areas?

Region- What common features bring geographical areas together?

FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

Atlas is a book of maps Historical map displays events/things

throughout time. Shows how areas have changed in different

eras.

HISTORICAL MAPS

These maps show road or paths people traveled.

The key gives clues to what route they traveled.

HISTORICAL ROUTES