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Introduction to international standards
and standardisation processes
Carina Svensson, Programme Manager – Swedish Standards Institute (SIS)
Wherever you are, you’re surrounded by standards
3
Key challenges identified All countries, especially developing countries need to become
”standard setters” and not only ”standard takers” International standards need to be trade supportive not trade
barriers Active involvement in development of standards internationally
will enhance possibilities for effective implementation of standards nationally
International standards – to become applicable and relevant to as many countries around the globe
International standards – support local private companies (SMEs) competitiveness on global markets
Support a stakeholder driven standardisation process to increase the expertise and different perspectives incorporated in the standard
Standard implementation – increase the practical usage of standards applicable to various products and services
4
International standards linkage to other areas of importance
Good environmental and sustainable practice promoted in ISO standards
Reduced environmental impact from production Improved trade opportunities through better access to
global markets Improved consumer protection and safety Supportive of development of national legislation Improved influence by stakeholders from private sector
in regulations/standards that they are directly affected by
Increased global relevance and appliance of ISO standards
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ISO International Standards
Organisation
ISO rules
1 member / country in ISO
1 member = 1 vote
ISO maintaining and developing more than 18,500 standards
ISO 14000 Environmental management, ISO 9000 Quality Management, ISO 26000 Guidance on Social Responsibility, ISO 50001 Energy management, ISO 31000 Risk management, ISO 22000 Food Safety
ISO Membership categories 2013163 members/countries
Full members (112 countries):
– Voting rights, 1 vote / country
– Right to participate in technical work
Correspondent member (47 countries):
– Rights to attend meetings as Observers
– Reduced fees
Subscriber members (4 countries):
– Information rights
– Reduced fees
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Global Relevance
“The required characteristic of an International Standard that can be used/implemented as broadly as possible by affected industries and other stakeholders in markets around the world”
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ISO/Technical Management Board (TMB) definition:
Consensus VoluntaryStakeholder drivenOpenness
Standardisation
Principles
Developing a standard
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• Anyone can initiate the process
• A New Work Item Proposal (NWIP) submitted to all NSBs
• NWIP includes suggestions for leadership of International Secretariat and possible stakeholders
Concept
Developing a standard
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• NSBs in consultations with stakeholders vote on NWIP
• NSBs and stakeholders to decide if and how to participate
• Stakeholders decide to influence the content of an International standard and standardisation process (employers agenda and competence development)
• ISO decides country leading the International Secretariat
DecisionConcept
Developing a standard
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• International and national secretariats decide on action plan for standardisation process
• NSBs usually set up a National Mirror Committees (NMC)
StartConcept
Decision
Developing a standard
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National Mirror Committees (NMC)
under leadership of International
Secretariat develop a draft
ProposalConceptDecision
Start
Developing a standard
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• Referrals and comments on drafts for considerations (numerous drafts and referrals)
ReferralConceptDecision
StartProposal
Developing a standard
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• International Committee/Group to draft standard proposals
• NMCs to discuss and comment on drafts
• Important to include stakeholders and experts
CommentsConcept
DecisionStart
ProposalReferral
Developing a standard
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NSBs to vote on final draft standard
VoteConcept
DecisionStart
ProposalReferral Comments
Developing a standard
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Adoption
ConceptDecision
StartProposal
Referral CommentsVote
• Given a positive vote, the standard can be adopted as an ISO standard
• NSBs should decide on adoption of ISO standard on national level (and translation)
• If a negative vote, discussion on how to proceed (e.g. another ISO standard / Technical specification / Technical Report)
Developing a standard
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Publication
ConceptDecision
StartDecision
Referral Comments
Adoption
• NSBs market the ISO standard nationally
• Stakeholders decide usage and implementation of ISO standard (e.g. public procurement, international trade)
Vote
What is Competitive Advantages?
… a basis for the firm’s long term success?
… a basis for value creation?
”When two or more firms compete within the same market, one firm possesses a competitive advantage over its rivals when it earns a persistently higher rate of profit (or has the potential to earn a persistently higher rate of profit)”
- R. M. Grant 2000
Sustainable Competitive Advantages
- reflected on Products/Services
Quality of the product and quality of customer service
Design Innovative product / service Customized product / service with integrated
services Environmental friendly
Economic Advantages of standardisation Compatibility – compability standards between different parts and components are essential
Quality & Safety – increase quality and reduce risks for defective products/bad services
Variety Reduction - standards limits the production of a certain product to a certain range of characteristics such as size, quality and other technical specifications
Communication of Technical Parameters – supports trade and trade agreements between different producers in the world
Reduce Trade barriers – harmonization of standards and lower the costs for certifying local products
Reduce Transaction Cost – Standards reduce transaction costs by improving recognition of technical characteristics and avoidance of buyer dissatisfaction.
Use across different markets – way forward for international trade, global applicability, harmonization of standards, facilitation of time delivery products/services, disseminate different technologies
Economic Advantages of standardisation Compatibility – compability standards between different parts and components are essential
Quality & Safety – increase quality and reduce risks for defective products/bad services
Variety Reduction - standards limits the production of a certain product to a certain range of characteristics such as size, quality and other technical specifications
Communication of Technical Parameters – supports trade and trade agreements between different producers in the world
Reduce Trade barriers – harmonization of standards and lower the costs for certifying local products
Reduce Transaction Cost – Standards reduce transaction costs by improving recognition of technical characteristics and avoidance of buyer dissatisfaction.
Use across different markets – way forward for international trade, global applicability, harmonization of standards, facilitation of time delivery products/services, disseminate different technologies
Reduce environmental impacts
Less insurance premium Improved operational efficiency Better utilization of materials & resources Reduced costs and wastage Increased access to world markets Improved staff morale and work environment Assurance to interested parties Enhanced corporate image Encourages partnership between industry and
regulators
Environmental Advantages
Social Advantages
Standards enable Regulatory bodies to implement technical regulations
Are used for conformity assessment - enhance confidence
How can standards boost Business?
Competitive advantage
Efficiency/Cost savings
Innovation
Customer confidence/loyalty
Market access/trade
Alternative to regulations
Benefits of Standardisation
…To Manufactures:Rationalize different varieties of productsDecrease the volume of products in the store and also the manufacturer costImprove the management and designSpeed up the management of ordersFacilitate the exportation and marketing of productsSimplify purchasing managementProtection of consumer & community interests
….To the Public service:Simplify the production of legal textEstablish quality, environmental and safety policiesHelp to the economical developmentFacilitate the business
Benefits of Standardisation
….To the Consumer:Establish quality and safety level to the services and productsInform to the characteristic of the productsMake easier the comparison between the different offersConsistent user interfacesSystem reliability and durabilityReliability of informationInteroperability & compatibilityMore transparency in the market
Benefits of Standardisation
……To the TradeMinimization of delays, correspondence and discussions resulting from inaccurate or incomplete specifications of the stores orderedWorkable basis for acceptance or rejection of goods and for dealing with consequential disputes
Benefits of Standardisation