January, 2015

中分 毅

Takeshi Nakawake

Disaster Risk management Public Seminar Series No. 5Hosted by World Bank Tokyo Office, Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub, and Japan Bosai Platform

“The Role of the Private Sector in Building Resilience to Disasters”「自然災害への強靭性強化における民間セクターの役割」

TOD(Transit Oriented Development)&

Disaster Resilience

Disaster Risk management Public Seminar Series No. 5Hosted by World Bank Tokyo Office, Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub, and Japan Bosai Platform

“The Role of the Private Sector in Building Resilience to Disasters”「自然災害への強靭性強化における民間セクターの役割」

TOD(Transit Oriented Development)&

Disaster Resilience

What is TOD?Transforming Cities with Transit, The World Bank 2013

Transit-oriented development (TOD)Compact, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly development organized around a transit station.TOD embraces the idea that locating amenities, employment, retail shops, and housing around transit hubs promotes transit usage ant nonmotorized travel.

It highlights the need to integrate transit and land use as a critical step toward achieving sustainable urban development.

- Global Climate Change

- Traffic Accidents- Traffic Jam/Time Pollution- Social Fairness

The City Structure of Tokyo is Poly-centricTrain Network has been a Key Driver of Development

Tokyo can be characterized as TOD ComplexCentral Tokyo is covered by accessible distance by walk from the stations Transport-related energy consumption

per capita per year

Transport Share of Train in Tokyo is 58%

Resilience of TOD is CrucialNumber of Stranded Persons in Terminals will be huge.

Terminal In case of the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011•The numbers are at 9p.m•The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department

In case of earthquake directly hits Tokyo area•Estimated numbers by local governments•An order of magnitude greater

Shinjyuku 9,000 90,000

Shibuya 6,000 100,000

Yokohama 5,000 70,000

Tokyo 1,000 140,000

Less than10,000

More than100,000

Act: Special Measures concerning Urban ReconstructionMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Partial Revision enacted in 2011

Measures for Stranded Persons are ImportantAct, Ordinances, and Public Plans

Safety Control PLanKawasaki City Government

Ordinance for Measures Concerning Stranded PersonsTokyo Metropolitan Governments, enacted in 2013

•Preventing People from All Heading Home at Once•Providing Communication Tools and Information Services•Securing Temporary Shelters•Assisting People Returning Home

Private Firms have made Efforts for BCPNikken Sekkei BCP Plan (as an example)

Organizational/Administrative Approach•Board for BCP Plan Execution•Functional Groups

• Aid Activities• Safety Confirmation • Communications• Client Matters, etc.

Building/Hardware Approach•Seismic Isolation for Servers•Stand by Generator•Water Reservoir•Communication System•Foods and Medicines

Cooperation at Community LevelConsortiums for Stranded Person Measures by Private Firms

Fujimi-Iidabashi Consortium (as an example)•Many stranded persons anticipated in CBD and near CBD•More than 30 organizations (currently Nikken is chairing)•Activities include:

• Joint Program for Disaster Drills• Shared Services for Disaster Prevention• Acceptance of Stranded Persons from Outside the Area

Chiyoda-Ward Tokyo MetropolitanGovernment

resident population

47,000 13,130,000

employed population

850,000 14,950,000

Strandedpersons

500,000 5,170,000

Resident/Employed Population &Estimated Stranded Persons

Redevelopment of TODs in the Mid-Long TermShibuya (as an example)9 rail lines, 2.3 million daily ridership

Urban Redevelopment & Reorganization of Rail/Station Arrangementin progress

Redevelopment of TODs in the Mid-Long TermShibuya (as an example)

Improvement of Horizontal & Vertical Pedestrian Circulations More Convenient for Modal Changes, Safer and More Attractiveutilizing vertical cores and spaces in redeveloped commercial buildings(indicated with below)

Redevelopment of TODs in the Mid-Long TermShibuya (as an example)

PPP Projects using LVC(Land Value Capture) Scheme

Challenges & Opportunities

3 “I”s

Intermediate Approach• Macro-Micro• Soft-Hard

Integrated Approach• Public-Private• Disaster Prevention-Commercial Development

Impressive Approach• Easy to Understand• Unforgettable