To Dr. Ir. Yohanes Setiyo, MP <yohanes@unud.ac.id>

Cc To: surya wirawan surya_wirawan2005@yahoo.com Thu, Jul 30 at 10:31 AM

Dear Author, Greetings from the Editorial Team of IJSTR Research Publications! Thank you very much for presenting your paper for the evaluation of IJSTR's Review Board. Congratulations...! Hereby we confirm the provisional acceptance of your paper titled "Storage Characteristics of Granola Potato Bulbs for Seedlings After Storage" to be published in our International Journal - International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research - [Impact Factor: 3.023] for March 2020 edition. Reference Number : IJSTR-0320-31917 Actions Suggested: Please submit the following forms: 1) Registration Form [http://www.ijstr.org/Registration-Form.pdf] 2) Copyright Form [http://www.ijstr.org/Copyright-Agreement.pdf] Please upload the duly signed & scanned copy of the above mentioned documents at [http://www.ijstr.org/upload-docs.php?id=MzE5MTc=] within 7 days of acceptance of this email for timely publication. (You can download the forms from http://www.ijstr.org/download.php) Publishing fee: Kindly proceed with the publishing fee ($ 65) for online publication of papers. This fee is towards publication, communication and distribution costs. You can use this link http://www.ijstr.org/publication-charge.php for submitting publication fee or contact our payment desk using http://www.ijstr.org/contact.php for any clarification required on publishing fee. *Important: Please ensure to complete all the above mentioned next steps by 29 Feb 2020 to ensure timely publication. Further if you have any query, please feel free to write us using http://www.ijstr.org/contact.php - we always seek your valuable inputs to improve the quality of our IJSTR. Thanks Publication Team www.ijstr.org

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To Dr. Ir. Yohanes Setiyo, MP <yohanes@unud.ac.id>

Cc To: surya wirawan surya_wirawan2005@yahoo.com Monday, 10 Feb 2020 22.16.08 AM

Dear Author,

Greetings from IJSTR Research Publications!

We would like to inform you that Registration form is Accepted.

Paper Title: Storage Characteristics of Granola Potato Bulbs for Seedlings After Storage

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STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRANOLA POTATO BULBS FOR SEEDLINGS AFTER STORAGE

Yohanes Setiyo, Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono, Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam, I Putu Surya Wirawan 5500-5504

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

5500

IJSTR©2020

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STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRANOLA

POTATO BULBS FOR SEEDLINGS AFTER

STORAGE Yohanes Setiyo, Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono, Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam, I Putu Surya Wirawan

Abstract— Farmers often use low-quality potato tubers and uncertified potato seeds, so 30-50% cannot be planted. To increase potato production to

reach 30 tons Ha-1, there needs to be quality potato seeds. The purpose of this research is to develop an appropriate method of storing potato seeds so

that the seeds have high quality. Mica plastic capacity of 12 kg, 25 kg and 50 kg is used as a storage chamber, storage treatment is an open chamber,

the lid is given a hole of 10%, the lid is given a hole of 20% and the chamber is closed. Containers containing potato seeds are stored in a room with a

temperature of 21-29 o

C, RH 75-80%, light intensity 0-200 lux. The quality parameters of potatoes are weight losses and specific gravity of potato

tubers, seed damage, number of apical shoots, and viability of seed potatoes after planting. It also observed water content, carbohydrate content, sugar

content and tuber protein content before and after storage. The treatment of potato seed storage in a 25 kg plastic mica chamber with 10% aeration hole

is the best treatment. The number of potato seeds lost due to evaporation was 5.12 ± 0.04%, and seed damage was 1.86 ± 0.05%. The number of

potato seeds that grew apical shoots after three months storage was 96.33 ± 1.1% and the viability of seeds when seed potatoes were planted in open

fields was more than 96.18 ± 0.46%.

Key words : Potato Seeds, Storage, Space, Apical Shoots

—————————— ——————————

1 INTRODUCTION

Potatoes are an important food and are widely consumed

besides rice and wheat, with a total production reaching 325 MT

[8,20]. Potatoes are planted in most countries including

Indonesia. The quality of the process of supplying basic seeds

or groups of potato tubers (G0, G1), scatter seeds (G2) and

primary seeds (G3, G4) is very important. The method of

planting and storing potato tubers is an important factor for

maintaining the quality of potato seeds. G2, G3 and G4 seed

groups are cultivated in open fields, and are stored by traditional

storage methods (TSR) on woven bamboo with a capacity of

30-75 kg, room temperature (24-31oC), RH (75-85%) and

without light, storage results are more than 30% damaged due

to rot [18,4]. High seed loss in the TSR method is due to high

temperatures, the air is too humid, and tubers have been

identified as being affected by the disease. On the other hand,

seed cultivation in open fields is easily attacked by andesiase

bacteria which is a leaf rot disease [12]. Farmers must use

recommended storage methods and certified seed potatoes for

increased yields.

In storage, potato tuber dormancy is influenced by humidity

(RH), diffuse temperature and light (DLS). Potato dormancy is

inversely proportional to shelf life [13,14]. In general, storage of

potatoes is carried out at low temperatures or even at room

temperature without special equipment or traditional storage

method (TSR). Storage temperature is very influential on

respiration, wound healing rate and spread of disease and

metabolism of sugar into starch. The optimal temperature for

storage of seed potatoes is 8-20°C and the optimal RH for

storage of potatoes is 85% [7]. However, Martin et al.(1992)

reported that the storage temperature of potatoes is 18-28oC at

RH 70-90%. Room temperature will be controlled at 21-25˚C

and RH 80-90% with a ventilation rate of 24 m3

min-1, if the

ambient temperature rises more than 40oC and RH is less than

35%. Storage of potatoes at this temperature, RH and no light in

this storage room can be carried out for 4 months before

planting potatoes.

The DLS potato storage method is better than the TSR potato

storage method, the application of effective convective

ventilation to reduce losses. The heat from the respiration

process is controlled by convective ventilation and seed

dormancy is controlled by temperature, RH and light diffusion

[4]. When the room storage temperature is low, so level

respiration is very low, the seed is inactive and does not require

a lot of fresh air changes.Potato storage problems for farmers in

Bali are: (1) quality of potato seeds from traditional cultivation

methods and uncontrolled seed generation, (2) methods of

storing potato seeds by TSR with a capacity of more than 50 kg

for each box, uncontrolled temperature, RH and light [18].

Storage box size, and light exceptions in the TSR method are

modified, so that storage conditions are controlled[5]. Potato

seeds must be stored in a room that has good light diffusion,

besides that the room has the availability of oxygen for the

growth of apical shoots. Therefore, aeration which aims to

provide oxygen to potato tubers and removes heat and moisture

from stored potato tubers is very important, this is to control

temperature, humidity and oxygen availability so that during

dormancy potato tubers are able to grow apical shoots.

complete with the lowest physical quality of potatoes. Storage in

a transparent mica plastic box with several capacities and

aeration with a hole for aeration needs to be done to obtain a

model of potato seed storage.

————————————————

Yohanes Setiyo, Bambang Admadi Harsojuwono, Ida Bagus Wayan

Gunam, I Putu Surya Wirawan

Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Udayana

University, Indonesia, E-mail: : yohanes@unud.co.id

Department of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Udayana University,

Indonesia, E-mail: ba_harsojuwono@yahoo.co.id

Department of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Udayana University,

Indonesia, E-mail: ibwgunam@unud.co.id

Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Udayana

University, Indonesia,

E-mail: surya_wirawan2005@yahoo.com

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

5501

IJSTR©2020

www.ijstr.org

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1 Materials

The main ingredient in this study is the potato tuber G2 scatter

group, this tuber is the result of cultivation in open fields

harvested at the age of 90 hst. The characteristics of potato

tubers are: weight 45 ± 3 g, sphericity 0.84 ± 0.016, moisture

content 80% w.b and specific gravity 1.05 ± 0.02 g/cc.

Research equipment is containers (storage boxes), analytical

scales, hygrometers, and thermometers. Storage box in the

form of mica plastic capacity of 12.5 kg or has a volume of 20

liters.

2.2 Methods

Potato tubers are stored in a 20 litre plastic mica container or

hold 12.50 kg of potato tubers. The container has a clear colour,

red and black, on the lid of the container given a hole of 0%,

10%, 20%. The number of research treatments was 12 units

with a factorial design of two factors with each treatment

repeated 3 times. Storage of seed potato tubers is carried out

16 weeks at room temperature of 20-29 oC, room humidity of

70-85%, and the intensity of light entering in the afternoon 100-

200 lux.The parameters observed in the study were: shrinkage

of potato tuber weight, number of rotten tubers, number of

tubers that grew apically, number of apical shoots on potato

tubers. Observation of all parameters was carried out every

week from 100 samples of potato tubers from each treatment.

The weight of the tubers lost is measured by weighing, the

number of tubers damaged is counted and then separated with

tubers that are still good. The number of tubers that grow apical

shoots and the number of apical shoots per tuber is measured

by counting. After storage, the potato tubers which grow apically

buds are tested for viability. The number of potato tubers tested

for viability was 20 tubers and repeated 3 times. The viability

test is carried out by the method of growing potatoes in open

land, the viability test parameter is the power of potato tubers.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 POTATO WEIGHT SHRINKAGE

Farmers select potato seeds from previous harvests that are

stored for the next growing season Kaguongo, 2008. The

physical characteristics of potato tubers for seeds are weight

39,80 ± 1,3 – 42,60 ± 1,3g, the roundness of potatoes is 80 ±

1.2 - 90 ± 2.3%, tuber diameter is 48.7 ± 4.75 mm, and specific

gravity is 1,05 ± 0,02gram cc-1. The physical characteristics of

potato tubers for seeds are not significant for each storage

treatment. Based on physical properties, there are 95% of

potato tubers that meet the requirements as seeds because

they have a roundness of more than 80%, smooth skin surface

without black spots weighing 30-60 g tubers -1. This seed is

included in the group of basic seeds or potato seeds that are

planted to produce potato tubers of the main seedlings (G3), if

the potato tubers used as seeds weigh more than 60 g, the

cultivation is inefficient because the price of basic seeds is Rp.

30.000 kg- 1

. But if the weight of the seed potato tuber is less

than 30 g, the growth of seed potato plants is not healthy.

Therefore, seed potato tubers weighing less than 30 g suffer

from severe losses during storage, even if stored apical shoots

also grow after passing through a period of dormancy.

Table 1 Characteristic of seed potato after storage along

3 months

Table 1 illustrates the characteristics of potato tubers after

storage for 3 months. The average weight loss of potato tubers

is 4,93 ± 0,07 – 5,29 ± 0,04%, this value is lower than the

results of a study by Eltawil, et al. 2006; Babarinsa and Williams

(2015) and Wustman & Struik (2008). The amount of weight

shrinkage of potato tubers is very close to the study by Bianchi

(2013) and Afifah (2015). Shrinkage of potato tubers is mainly

caused by processes: respiration, sprouts, evaporation of water

from the tubers, spread of disease, changes in chemical

composition and physical properties of tubers and damage by

extreme temperatures [7,21]. However, in this study, the weight

loss of potato tubers was mainly due to the evaporation

process.Storage of seed potato tubers that have an average

water content of 90% at a temperature of 20-29 oC, RH 70-85%,

resulting in a decrease in tuber weight of: 0,39 ± 0,03% week-1,

is 0.09 ± 0.002% week-1, 0,14 ± 0,003% week-1, and 0,14 ±

0,003% week-1 for storage in open containers, with holes in the

lid by 10%, holes in the lid by 20% and lids without holes. In

storage in a closed container, the lid is given a hole of 10% and

20%, the process of air circulation from the storage container is

inhibited. Impaired air circulation causes water vapour

discharged out of the container to be obstructed and the

evaporation of water from the potato environment to be less

than the storage of potato tubers in an open container. In

addition, air circulation also causes limited oxygen in the

container so that the process of respiration that produces CO2

and water vapour is also weakened.The vapour pressure in the

storage room is less than environmental vapour, so the water in

the potato is evaporated into the environment. Potato weight

loss in open space storage is the fastest of other experiments.

The average tuber weight reduction in an open container was

0.39 ± 0.03% week-1 and the average weight loss of potatoes in

a closed room, a room with a hole of 10% and a room with a

hole of 20% each was 0,09 ± 0,002% week-1, 0,14 ± 0,.003%

week-1, and 0.14 ± 0.003% week-1. Respiration of all tubers

also increases metabolic activity, growth and evaporation [21],

so that the reduction in potato weight in open space storage is

greater than closed space storage.Storage of potato tubers in

coloured containers inhibits the process of diffusion of light,

especially during the day. However, statistically the colour of the

storage box does not significantly influence the amount of

weight loss. Black storage box walls absorb more light than red

or clear colours, so that at the black chamber was dark or no

light. Diffuse is effective in reducing storage loss and producing

better quality seed grades especially at tropical temperatures[5].

Aeration of treatment with hole on chamber has a very

significant effect on weight loss of potatoes. The rate of

evaporation of water from potato tubers to free air in open box

storage is fastest than other experiment, the process of

respiration of potatoes in open chamber is usually because

oxygen is available. The process of respiration on potato tubers

in closed containers, 10% and 20% aeration holes is inhibited

due to the limited availability of oxygen in the container, in

addition to that water vapour due to respiration accumulates in

the container.The relationship between storage time and potato

Parameter

Colour of

chamber

Open

Chamber

Chamber

with 10 %

hole

Chamber

with 20 %

hole

Closed

chamber

Average

weight

Slight 41,56±1,1 42,60±1,3 41,00±1,4 40,60±1,2

Red 40,56±1,3 41,30±1,2 40,30±1,2 40,00±1,3

Black 40,16±1,1 41,60±1,4 40,70±1,2 39,80±1,3

Sphericity, %

Slight 81±2,1 83±2,6 83±1,5 90±2,3

Red 82±2,4 82±3 87±3,0 85±1,3

Black 82±2,2 82±0,03 81±1,4 80±1,2

Total weight

losses, %

Slight 5,13±0,08 5,15±0,07 5,21±0,07 4,93±0,07

Red 5,16±0,07 5,12±0,04 5,19±0,04 5,02±0,06

Black 5,29±0,04 5,14±0,06 5,17±0,04 5,04±0,06

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tuber shrinkage has a second-order polynomial pattern with r2

0,98 – 0,99. The greater weight tuber reduction if the chances of

the potato tuber to come into contact with outside air are: the

greater or aeration hole is closed the more the percentage. The

peak weight loss of potatoes due to evaporation occurs at 12-13

weeks of storage.Based on the results of the variance of the

colour factor of the box, the number of holes in the lid of the

storage box lid and its combination has a very significant effect

(P> 0,01) on the total reduction in potato tuber weight during 3

months storage. The best treatment for weight loss during

potato storage is storage in a plastic mica chamber with 10%

holes in the lid.

Fig.1. Bulk density of seed potatoes along storage

Loss of potato tuber weight will affect the specific gravity of the

seed tuber. Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between storage

age of potato tubers and their specific gravity. As a result of

weight loss, the specific weight of potato tubers during storage

decreases in value. Bianchi et al. (2012), the fastest decrease in

density occurs in treatments in open box storage and the

slowest decrease in density occurs in storage treatments. in a

closed box.

The results of the analysis of the variance of the box colour

factor did not affect (P> 0,05) on the potato tuber specific gravity

after 3 months of storage, but the number of aeration and

combination treatments had a very significant effect (P> 0,01)

affecting the specific weight of the potato tuber at the end of

storage. Storage treatment with 50 kg capacity box and 10%

aeration hole is the best treatment, because the specific gravity

of the potato is 1,03 ± 0,01 g cc-1. In this condition potato tubers

have the most elastic texture and qualify as seeds that are

ready to be planted.

3.2 Damage to Seed potato tubers

The storage treatment in a closed box has the number of tubers

damaged 4,04 ± 1,0%, the storage treatment in a 12,5 kg

container has 4,81 ± 0,8% potato damage, and the combination

of a black box treatment and a closed container has a damage

of 5,74%. The value of potato tuber damage is still smaller than

the results of Setiyo et al. 2017 and Babarinsa and Williams

(2015). In a closed box with a black box during the storage

process occurs evaporation which then increases the humidity

of the air, so that the decomposing microbes will develop faster

than low humidity conditions. In addition, potato tubers which

are cultivated in open fields are indicated to be affected by

fusarium microbes, total of plants attack by fusarium is 3-

5%[19]. .The colour of the box and the number of aeration

holes were not significant with the amount of damage to seed

potato tubers, but the combination treatment was a significant

effect (P> 0,05) with the number of rotten potato tubers after 3

months of storage. The best treatment is storage in red

chamber with 10% aeration hole at the closed chamber, the

average amount of damage to potato tubers in this treatment is

2,39 ± 0,40%, this number is lower than the study by Oliveira et

al. (2012).The quality of seed potatoes from the second

generation seed group or G2 is harvested on open land.

Cultivation fields are fertilized using chicken manure compost at

a dose of 20 tons per ha, and the results of identification of

compost contain fusarium groups of fungi and also attack the

population of cultivated potato plants around 3-5%, so the

stored potato seeds are stored potentially become unhealthy

[19]. In addition, in the process of selecting seeds to be stored

there is the potential for injured potato seeds to be processed.

Potato quality cannot be improved during storage. At harvest,

the storage method has a very significant effect on the

percentage of the number of tubers infected with bacterial wilt

[12]. Bacterial wilt and fusarium fungus can cause total yield

loss and cause poor quality tuber production.

3.3 Number of Potatoes Growing Apical

The number of potato tuber varieties of granola that grow

apical shoots during 3 months of storage has a temperature of

20 - 31oC shown in figure 2. The illustrated that all storage

treatments produce the number of tubers that grow shoots

after 3 months of storage more than 80%. Potato storage at

28oC is shortened to 45 days [9]. Storage in a space with

limited oxygen or 10% or 20% aeration hole provides the

fastest shoot growth yield of 94%, this is because in this

treatment in addition to the availability of oxygen as well the

relative humidity of the air was maintained more than 80% The

dormancy period of the potato tuber was 3 months. For all

treatments, the tubers was grew apical shoot starting at 1,5

months storage.

Fig. 2. Number of potato tubers growing apical shoots

Potato buds grow well after a period of dormancy when the

storage process is carried out in a room with sunlight that is

able to penetrate the walls of the box or be stored on the

ground. After 12 weeks the percentage of apical shoots in

potato tubers more than 30% grew apical shoots and the

number of tubers was more than the research of Babarinsa

and Williams (2015) using the DLS and TSR potato storage

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method. The growth rate of shoots is influenced by

temperature and humidity. The temperature of a good storage

room is 25 - 31oC with humidity below 75 - 82%. In air where

the humidity is too low, potato tubers lose weight and this

greatly influences the growth of shoots. Storage at

temperatures above 25oC can reduce the potato tuber mass

dormancy, potato dormancy mass less than 84 days or 24

weeks [1,28].The number of potato tubers that grew one bud,

two buds, three buds and more than three buds were 60,25 ±

3,4%, 17,13 ± 2,1%, 13,41 ± 1,91% and 8,94 ± 0,95%. The

results of analysis of variance showed that the box colour

factor did not significantly influence the number of tubers that

grew apically, but the number of aeration holes combined with

the colour of the squares had a very significant effect on the

number of tubers that grew apically. The best treatment based

on the number of tubers that grow buds and the ideal number

of apical shoots in tubers is the storage treatment with a red

colour and a hole in the lid as much as 10%, in this treatment

there are 79,55 ± 2,1% tubers that grow one and two shoots.

One or two apical shoots in culture will grow healthy and

produce tubers optimally [23]. Lack of adequate ventilation is a

factor known to support the development of apical shoots in

potatoes[5].The dormancy period of potatoes is longer if the

storage is carried out at temperatures below 25oC such as

storage in Bedugul-Bali. However, at temperatures lower than

15 to 25ºC and high humidity, plants tend to be infected with

Phytopthora infestans because these conditions are favorable

for reproduction and spread of pathogens [17]. Additional

benefits of scattered light in dark storage are an increase in

the number of sprouts and an increase in resistance to some

pests and diseases due to greening of tubers and a reduction

in apical dominance, which limits the number of stems that can

develop from seed planted [5].Apical shoots grow from all

treatments after potato tubers are cultivated in open fields for

two weeks, seed viability is more than 95%. The viability of

potato seeds with apical buds from storage results in a

chamber with a hole of 20% and potato seeds from enclosed

boxes with apical buds of more than three are less than

95%(Fig.3). The quality of apical shoots and the quality of

potato tubers is important in apical shoots planted in the field.

In the apical shoot growth phase, shoots can grow both in the

storage room and in the field without sunlight. The growth rate

of shoots in the field depends on the temperature and soil

moisture content. At high temperatures the shoots grow faster

than low temperatures so plants grow earlier than the ground

surface. If the soil is dry, the tubers lose weight so the shoots

grow more slowly[6,12]. Soil temperature in the root zone is

18-21oC, soil moisture content is 32-37% w.b, with soil pH of

6,5 ± 0,3. The soil for testing the feasibility of potato tubers is

land that is fertilized with chicken manure compost so that it

has an organic content of more than 5% and soil porosity of 55

± 2.3 [18].

Fig. 3. The number of live potato plants in the viability test

Seed bulbs from all storage treatments had good physical

characteristics with specific gravity of 0,96 – 1,03, roundness

of 0,81 ± 0,04, weight of 50,19 ± 2,1 g. In addition,

environmental factors that are developing are also very good.

4 CONCLUSION

Storage of potato tubers in seedlings of G2 granola varieties in

plastic mica boxes with a capacity of 12,5 kg and in the tutu

section there is a 10% aeration hole producing the best seed

potato tubers after storage for 3 months. The number of rot

tubers was 2,39 ± 0,40%, the number of tubers growing one

and two apical shoots was 79,55 ± 2,1%, the tuber viability

when planted was more than 95%. Characteristics of potato

tubers after 3 months storage of this treatment are specific

gravity 0,96 – 1,03, roundness of 0,81 ± 0,04, weight of 50,19

± 2,1 g.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to thank the Institute for Research and

Community Service at the University of Udayana Indonesia

(Udayana Discovery Grant No.641110/UN14.2/PNL.01.03.00 /

2016) for financial support.

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