Tissues

Chapter 5

Tissues

• Four types of tissues– Epithelial– Connective– Muscle– Nervous

Epithelial Tissue

General Characteristics:• Found throughout the body, covers allbody surfaces both inside and out.• Main glandular tissue.• Attached to underlying connective tissueby noncellular nonliving basement membrane.• Usually has no vascular tissue - no blood supply• Cells reproduce rapidly (rapid healing).• Cells tightly packed together

Epithelial Cells

• Epithelia Tissue is named based on its description

• Simple – Single Layer• Stratified – Multiple Layers• Squamous = flat• Cuboidal = square/cube• Columnar = column/rectangle

Simple Squamous

• Function: Diffusion and filtration• Found in: walls of capillaries, air sacs in lungs

Simple Cuboidal

• Function: Secretion and absorption• Found in: kidney tubules, ducts, and ovaries

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

• Provides more protection than single layer• Found in the larger

ducts of glands and developing tubules

Simple Columnar

• Function: Secretion and Absorption• Found in: Digestive tract and uterus• Contains goblet cells that secret mucus• Can have cilia

Stratified Squamous

• Functions in protection• Found in skin and mouth

Basement Membranes• Thin under layers of tissues, just under the

epithelium• The ink of tattoos must be injected below the

basement membrane

Layers

• Tissues often come in layers• Cuts that are deep enough and go through

underlying tissue beneath epithelium may need stitches

Pseudostratified Columnar• Single layer • Nuclei are uneven and gives it a layered

appearance• Can have goblet cells and cilia• Found in air passage linings and tubes of

reproductive system

Transitional Epithelium

• Stretchable• Blocks diffusion (no leakage)• Found in urinary bladder

Glandular Epithelium• Cells are specialized to produce and secrete

substances• Make up glands– Exocrine (sweat glands)– Endocrine (hormones)

Identify the tissues

Connective Tissues

General characteristics• Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout• Binds structures together• Provides support, protection, framework, fills space,

stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue

• Cells are scattered with abundant matrix• Fluid, semi-fluid, and fibers• Good blood supply

Types of Connective Tissue

• Mast cells (prevent clots)• Macrophages (consumers)• Fibroblasts (produce fibers)– Collagenous (bones, ligaments, tendons)– Elastic (respiratory)

Main types of fibers• Collagenous Fibers – strong and flexible– Bones, tendons, and ligaments

• Elastic Fibers – Very flexible– Ears and vocal cords

Loose Connective Tissue or Areolar Tissue

• Binds underlying organs to skin and to each other

• Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body

Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue

• Has space between components• Occurs beneath skin and most epithelial layers• Functions in support and binds organs

Adipose Tissue (fat)

Fibrous Connective Tissue

• Tendons = muscles to bones• Ligaments = bones to bones

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

• Has collagenous fibers closely packed• In dermis of skin, tendons, and ligaments• Functions in support

Dense Connective Tissue

• Cartilage– Cartilage Cells are called Chondrocytes– Provides support and attachments– Cushions bones

Hyaline Cartilage• Covers ends of joints, nose and respiratory

passages

Elastic Cartilage

• External Ear and Larynx

Fibrocartilage

• Tough, shock absorbing

Bone Tissue (Osseus)

Blood Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Nervous TissueNeurons

Neuroglia - support

Nervous Tissue

• Spinal Cord