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© Festo Didactic 88197-00 7 :KHQ \RX KDYH FRPSOHWHG WKLV H[HUFLVH \RX ZLOO EH IDPLOLDU ZLWK GLUHFWRQOLQH VWDUWHUV DQG VRIW VWDUWHUV <RX ZLOO XQGHUVWDQG WKH LPSRUWDQW SKHQRPHQD WKDW RFFXU ZKHQ \RX VWDUW D PRWRU XVLQJ HLWKHU RQH RI WKHVH WZR W\SHV RI VWDUWHUV 7KH 'LVFXVVLRQ RI WKLV H[HUFLVH FRYHUV WKH IROORZLQJ SRLQWV ,QWURGXFWLRQ 'LUHFWRQOLQH VWDUWHUV 0RWRU SURWHFWLRQV Overcurrent protection. Overload protection. 0RWRU VWDUWXS SKHQRPHQD Start up current. Consequences of extended large currents. Voltage sag. Start-up torque. 6RIW VWDUWHUV Voltage output of a soft starter. Effect of the soft starter on the motor current. Effect of the soft starter on the motor torque. Effect of the soft starter on the motor speed. How a soft starter controls voltage. Bypass circuit. Types of soft starters. Introduction &RQQHFWLQJ D VPDOO HOHFWULFDO PRWRU WR D SRZHU VRXUFH YLD D VZLWFK RU E\ SOXJJLQJ WKH HOHFWULFDO FRUG LQWR D ZDOO RXWOHW LV FRUUHFW LQ PRVW VLWXDWLRQV +RZHYHU KLJK SRZHU LQGXFWLRQ PRWRUV UHTXLUH D GHYLFH FDOOHG D VWDUWHU WR KDQGOH WKH FRQQHFWLRQ WR WKH DF SRZHU VRXUFH 7KLV H[HUFLVH FRYHUV '2/ VWDUWHUV DQG VRIW VWDUWHUV ZKLFK DUH WZR RI WKH PRVW SRSXODU W\SHV RI VWDUWHUV IRU LQGXVWULDO LQGXFWLRQ PRWRUV Direct-on-line starters 'LUHFWRQOLQH VWDUWHUV DUH WKH VLPSOHVW W\SH RI VWDUWHU $ '2/ VWDUWHU FRQQHFWV DQ LQGXFWLRQ PRWRU GLUHFWO\ WR WKH SRZHU VRXUFH YLD D WKUHHSKDVH FRQWDFWRU $ '2/ VWDUWHU XVXDOO\ LQFOXGHV RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ DQG RYHUORDG SURWHFWLRQ 7KH RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ SURWHFWV WKH VWDUWHU FLUFXLWU\ IURP VKRUW FLUFXLWV DQG XVXDOO\ WDNHV WKH IRUP RI FLUFXLW EUHDNHUV RU IXVHV 7KH RYHUORDG SURWHFWLRQ LV XVXDOO\ DQ RYHUORDG UHOD\ DQG SUHYHQWV PRWRU EXUQRXW GXH WR H[FHVVLYH RYHUKHDW FDXVHG E\ KLJK FXUUHQWV IORZLQJ WKURXJK WKH PRWRU ZLQGLQJV %RWK WKH RYHUFXUUHQW DQG RYHUORDG SURWHFWLRQV FRQQHFW LQ VHULHV ZLWK WKH FRQWDFWRU )LJXUH VKRZV D W\SLFDO '2/ VWDUWHU ZLWK RYHUFXUUHQW DQG RYHUORDG SURWHFWLRQV ,I DQ\WKLQJ JRHV ZURQJ HLWKHU RI WKH SURWHFWLRQV WULSV DQG FXWV SRZHU WR WKH PRWRU $VLGH IURP WKH SURWHFWLYH GHYLFHV D '2/ VWDUWHU LV MXVW D VZLWFK LQ WKH IRUP RI D WKUHHSKDVH FRQWDFWRU LQVHUWHG EHWZHHQ WKH SRZHU VRXUFH DQG WKH PRWRU DOL Starters and Soft Starters Exercise 1 EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION

Three-Phase Induction Motor Starters, 1 DOL Starters … ZKHQ \RX VWDUW D PRWRU XVLQJ HLWKHU RQH RI WKHVH WZR W\SHV RI VWDUWHUV 7KH 'LVFXVVLRQ RI WKLV H[HUFLVH FRYHUV WKH IROORZLQJ

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Page 1: Three-Phase Induction Motor Starters, 1 DOL Starters … ZKHQ \RX VWDUW D PRWRU XVLQJ HLWKHU RQH RI WKHVH WZR W\SHV RI VWDUWHUV 7KH 'LVFXVVLRQ RI WKLV H[HUFLVH FRYHUV WKH IROORZLQJ

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 7

Overcurrent protection. Overload protection.

Start up current. Consequences of extended large currents. Voltage sag. Start-up torque.

Voltage output of a soft starter. Effect of the soft starter on the motor current. Effect of the soft starter on the motor torque. Effect of the soft starter on the motor speed. How a soft starter controls voltage. Bypass circuit. Types of soft starters.

Introduction

Direct-on-line starters

DOL Starters and Soft Starters

Exercise 1

EXERCISE OBJECTIVE

DISCUSSION OUTLINE

DISCUSSION

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

8 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

Motor protections

Overcurrent protection

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 9

Overload protection

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

10 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 11

Motor start-up phenomena

Start up current

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

12 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

Consequences of extended large currents

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 13

Voltage sag

Start-up torque

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

14 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

Soft starters

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 15

Voltage output of a soft starter

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

16 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

Effect of the soft starter on the motor current

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 17

Effect of the soft starter on the motor torque

Poly. (DOL)

Poly. (SS)

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

18 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

Effect of the soft starter on the motor speed

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 19

How a soft starter controls voltage

Poly. (Speed DOL

(rev/min))

Poly. (SS)

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

20 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 21

Bypass circuit

Types of soft starters

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Discussion

22 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure Outline

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 23

Setup and connections

In this part of the exercise, you will connect your equipment as a DOL starter, configure parameters in LVDAC-EMS so that the Four-Quadrant Dynamometer/Power Supply emulates a flywheel, and set the Oscilloscope to observe the motor start-up current, torque, and speed.

Power Input

Power Input

Low Power Input Power Input

PROCEDURE OUTLINE

PROCEDURE

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

24 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

Operating Mode Dynamometer

Computer-Based Instrumentation Thyristor Control

OK

Tools Friction Compensation Calibration

OK

OK

O I

I1

a Current input I4 of the Data Acquisition and Control Interface is used to monitor the motor current in order to protect the motor from overheating if excessive currents flow through the stator windings. The range of current to be used for current input I4 is 40 A.

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 25

I1

I1

Sync.

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

26 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

Digital Output 1 DO1 D+ – Remote Control

Analog Outputs T nAnalog Inputs /T /n

Analog OutputsA

Function Mechanical Load

Load Type Flywheel

Inertia

Friction Torque

Pulley Ratio

a Note that the pulley ratio between the Four-Quadrant Power Supply/Dynamometer and the Four-Pole Squirrel Cage Induction Motor is 24:24.

Function Direct On-Line Starter

Motor Full Load Current [FLA]

Overload On

Overload Class

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 27

I1)Analog Input 7/T

Analog Input 8/n

Peak Detect

Starting an induction motor using a DOL starter

In this part of the exercise, you will start the motor using a DOL starter. You will record the motor current, torque, and speed at start-up and analyze the results.

Status StartedStart/Stop

Single RefreshStart

a The above manipulation must be performed rapidly to ensure that the Oscilloscope records the entire evolution of the various parameters during motor start-up.

Stop

a Since the Oscilloscope operates in peak detect mode and a slow time base is used, it displays the envelope of the motor current rather than its waveform.

Status StoppedStart/Stop

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

28 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

a The maximal current obtained in step 22 is a peak value. Convert this peak value to an rms value before making the comparison.

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 29

Soft starter setup and settings

In this section, you will modify the equipment connections so as to replace the DOL starter with a soft starter.

I1

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

30 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

I1

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 31

Sync.

Digital Output 1Remote Control

T and n Analog OutputsAnalog Inputs 7/T 8/n

Digital OutputsFiring Control Inputs

Range I1

Function Soft Starter

Mode Soft Start

Motor Full Load Current [FLA]

Initial Torque

Start TimeSoft Starter

Initial Torque

Kick Start Time

Soft Stop

Overload On

Overload Class

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

32 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

Starting an induction motor using a soft starter

In this part of the exercise, you will start the motor, still coupled to the same mechanical load used earlier in the exercise, using a soft starter. You will record the motor current, torque, and speed at start-up and analyze the results.

Single RefreshStart

a The above manipulation must be performed rapidly to ensure the Oscilloscope records the entire evolution of the various parameters during motor start-up.

Stop

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Procedure

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 33

DOL starter versus soft starter

In this part of the exercise, you will compare the results you obtained with the DOL starter and the soft starter (for the same mechanical load) and try to deduce what the advantages and limitations of each one are.

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Conclusion

34 © Festo Didactic 88197-00

ToolsReset to Default Friction Compensation

Yes

CONCLUSION

REVIEW QUESTIONS

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Exercise 1 – DOL Starters and Soft Starters Review Questions

© Festo Didactic 88197-00 35