Theory of Everything

• Hawking film 6

Atlantic City

• One side is glitzy

• One side is common

Physics Laws

• One side is Newtonian

• One side is relativity

• Trace universe backward in time:

• Pushed toward the very small

• Quantum mechanics – very small

TOE

• Large scale – Gravity rules

• Atomic forces – SNF

• Theory of everything must be unified

• Should be a theory that embraces all factors

• Universe is a single point in the beginning

• A moment later, it is huge

• Intellect, intuition, experiment

• Observation makes inspiration

• SLAK, Palo Alto, CA

• Accuracy to 15 decimal places or else universe flies apart before galaxies formed

• Uncanny balance between expansion and collapse

• Alan Guth -

• Andrei Linde, Russian –

• Inflation theory (like Guth)

• Model – energy trapped in vacuum, energy could collapse like bubbles

• Balance - >>>>>

• Growing evenly in all directions

• Guth – 70’s inflation• Happens like water boils – one here, one

there• Morrass – not like what our universe looks

like• Published with flaws• Ussr – cannot publish until all flaws worked

out

• Linde – what if just one of the bubbles inflated and our universe emerged?

• Difficulty with Guth collision of bubbles

• One bubble will be larger than the universe

• Linde’s theory demolished

• Linde gave important idea – inflation

• Does not explain the start of the universe

Run theory backwards in time

• Gravity field became infinitely high

• Logic replaced by chance

• Matter ruled by probability

• Equations blow up when it hits a singularity

• Quantum mechanics – strangest thing humans thought up

Eisenberg uncertainty principle

• Never know with precision where small is

• Add up to certainties

• Only makes sense as a universe as a whole only at its beginning

Problem of the singularity

• Quantum mechanics + gravity

• Solve simplified model of universe

• Imaginary time replaces singularity

• No boundary, no beginning, no end, just curves back on itself, no singularities

• Quantum mech is solution to singularity

No Boundaries Proposal

• Need gen rel and quantum mech to be unified as quantum gravity

One Simple Law

• Smolin, Lee – biology

• Universe choose its parameters

• Bio world - so many species

• So beautiful in so many ways

• Basic idea – some population – random changes on characteristics

• Darwin nat. selection

• Universe invents life?

• How so much structure?

• Disc of spiral galaxy

• Patterns on sea shells

• Assembled from itself, create itself

• Could be wrong

• Not proved wrong yet

What preceded creation?

• 1985 perestroika – reconstruction – forbid sending out papers

• Became ill• 24h to find something worth saying at conference• Theory of inflation that produced multitude of

universes – self-producing universe• Each product of own big bang• Seed others so process goes on and on

• Single explanation of a single universe

• Super string theory

• Universe a dot

• Like a bowl of vibrating noodles that exploded into the diversity

• Kaku, M

• Bubbles, string

Not Compatible

• Big – Einstein (smooth)

• Small – quantum (grainy)

String

• Minute strands of space-time

• Atom size of soalr system

• String then size of atom

• Universm size of string

• String moves – vibrates

• Body is a synphony

• String forces curl up like gravity warp

• Matter like atoms

• Forces that attract matter

• Dichotomy

• One string could be quark

• One a photon

• Clouds – no symmetry

• Backwards to big bang – see symmetry perfect

• Superstring theory gives perfect symmetry as move backward

• Humans cannot understand equations of theory of everything at this time

• String is no theory since it puts forth no predictions to be proved

• Math too difficult

• Theory smarter than we are

• Ed Witten – smartest man on earth

Witten

• Don’t have overview of all details

• Math constructions – want strings to describe world

• 5 theories describe universe – if one theory describes our univ.

• Who lives in others

• Duality –m relation between 2 theories that is not obvious

• One more useful in describing somethings

• 5 blind scientists discovered trunk, ear foot

• Thought 5 animals

• Really one elephant

• Witten heir apparent to Einstein

• Sometimes you know a little bit more

• Witten – get as far as we can is the best we can do – sponsor for life

• Hawking – 20 years to find all

• Quantum gravity

• Neil turok, cambridge – exploring past – make map of all maps satellite

• Planck explorer – map whole sky at high resolution

• Esa

• Estec project

• Map holds vast amt of info

• Map of very early times –

• Map of temp variations on the sky

• Secrets, signature of creation on map

• Time to know ultimate truth

• Absence of data so theories abound

• Provide framework within which one can make predictions

• Answer questions or ask more?

• Theories beat to death – predictions

• Within 10 years have data that will tell how structure formed in the universe

• Get busy – only have 10 years

• Get how but not why – know mind of God

End