theHANDBOOK Welding Consumables - EPCA … Consumables Selection ..... C5 SMAW Electrodes Welding Notes

theHANDBOOKWelding Consumables

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Welding Notes ............................................................................ B10

Products Introduction ................................................................. B11

▍SMAW Electrodes for Nickel Steel (low temperature use)

Welding Notes (including consumables selection) ..................... B15


▍Flux Cored Wire for Nickel Steel (low temperature use)

Welding Notes ............................................................................ B20


▍SMAW Electrodes for Weathering Steel

Welding Notes (including consumables selection) ..................... B25


▍Flux Cored Wire for Weathering Steel

Welding Notes ............................................................................ B28


▍SMAW Electrodes for High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steels

Welding Notes ............................................................................ B31


▍Flux Cored Wire for High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steels

Welding Notes ............................................................................ B35


● Stainless Steel

▍Material General Review ....................................................................... C2

▍Welding Consumables Selection ........................................................... C5

▍SMAW Electrodes

Welding Notes ............................................................................ C8

Products Introduction ................................................................. C9

▍MIG．TIG Wire/Rod

Welding Notes (MIG) .................................................................. C18

Welding Notes (TIG) .................................................................. C19


▍SAW – Submerged Arc Welding Wire

Products list ........................................................................................ 6

● For Mild & High Tensile Strength Steel Use ........................................ A1

● For Mild & High Tensile Strength Steel Use

▍Materials General Review ..................................................................... A2

▍SMAW Electrodes

Welding consumables selection ................................................ A5

Welding Notes ............................................................................ A6

Products Introduction ................................................................. A7

▍MAG wire

Welding consumables selection ................................................. A20

Welding Notes ............................................................................ A21


▍TIG Rod

General Description And Welding Notes .................................... A29


▍SAW Wire / Flux

Welding Consumables Selection ............................................... A33

Welding Notes ............................................................................ A34


▍Flux Cored Wire (FCW)

Welding consumables selection ................................................. A39

Welding Notes ............................................................................ A40


● Low Alloy Steels

▍Materials General Review ..................................................................... B2

▍Chromium-Molybdenum (heat resistant use) Steel

Welding Consumables Selection ............................................... B3

▍SMAW Electrodes for Chromium-Molybdenum Low Alloy Steels

Welding Notes ............................................................................ B5


▍Flux Cored Wire for Chromium-Molybdenum Low Alloy Steels

Table of contents

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Welding Notes ............................................................................ E6

Products Introduction ................................................................. E7

▍MIG．TIG Wire/Rod

Welding Notes ............................................................................ E13

Products Introduction ................................................................. E14

● Cast Iron

▍Material General Review ....................................................................... F2

▍Welding consumables selection ............................................................ F3

▍Welding Notes ....................................................................................... F4

▍SMAW Electrodes

Products Introduction ................................................................. F6

● Others

▍Gouging or groove preparation use

Products Introduction ................................................................. F10

● Reference

▍DeLONG Diagram ................................................................................ G2

▍WRC-1992 Diagram ............................................................................... G3

▍Conversions ........................................................................................... G4

Welding Notes ............................................................................ C28


▍Flux Cored Wire

Welding Notes ............................................................................ C31


● Hardfacing and Wear Resistant Use

▍Hardfacing General Review .................................................................. D2

▍Welding consumables selection ........................................................... D4

▍Welding Notes ....................................................................................... D6

▍Hardfacing and Wear Resistant SMAW Electrodes

Welding Notes (SMAW Electrodes) ........................................... D9

Products Introduction ................................................................. D9

Strong impact and abrasion resistant ........................................ D9

Buffer layer and welding repairs ................................................. D11

Metal to metal abrasion resistant ............................................... D12

Metal to sand abrasion resistant ................................................ D15

Severe abrasion resistant .......................................................... D18

High temperature fatigue and corrosion resistant ...................... D22

▍Hardfacing and Wear Resistant Flux Cored Wire

Welding notes (Flux Cored Wire and SAW Flux Cored wire) ..... D24

Strong impact and abrasion resistant ........................................ D25

Buffer layer and welding repairs ................................................. D27

Metal to metal abrasion resistant ............................................... D30

Metal to sand abrasion resistant ................................................ D36

Severe Abrasion resistant .......................................................... D42

High temperature fatigue and corrosion resistant ..................... D51

● Nickel Base Alloy

▍Material General Review ....................................................................... E2

▍Cross Table for Nickel base alloys vs stainless steel, carbon steel,

low alloy steel welding consumable ...................................................... E3

▍SMAW Electrodes

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SMAW Electrodes

Steel CategoryProduct

name(1)

Speci cation(2)

PageAWS JIS

(3)

Mild & High Tensile Strength

Steel Use

G03Equivalent to A5.1M E4313Equivalent to A5.1 E6013

Z3211 E4303 A7

NK32Equivalent to A5.1 E4313Equivalent to A5.1 E6013

Z3211 E4303 A7

G10A5.1M E4310A5.1 E6010

Z3211 E4310 A8

G11A5.1M E4311A5.1 E6011

Z3211 E4311 A8

K120A5.1M E4313A5.1 E6013

Z3211 E4313 A9

G13A5.1M E4313A5.1 E6013

Z3211 E4313 A9

G13VDA5.1M E4313A5.1 E6013

Z3211 E4313 A10

ND150LA5.1M E4319A5.1 E6019

Z3211 E4319U A10

D200A5.1M E4319A5.1 E6019

Z3211 E4319U A11

G27A5.1M E4327A5.1 E6027

Z3211 E4327 A11

EX7A5.1M E4327A5.1 E6027

Z3211 E4327 A12

GL52A5.1M E4916A5.1 E7016

Z3211 E4916UH10 A12

GL5218A5.1M E4918A5.1 E7018

Z3211 E4918H10 A13

GL24A5.1M E4924A5.1 E7024

Z3211 E4903 A13

GL524A5.1M E4924A5.1 E7024

Z3211 E4924 A14

GL5226A5.1M E4928A5.1 E7028

Z3211 E4928UH15 A14

GL528A5.1M E4928A5.1 E7028

Z3211 E4928UH15 A15

Products list

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SMAW Electrodes


name(1)

Speci cation(2)

PageAWS JIS (3)


Steel Use

EX55VA5.1M E4948A5.1 E7048

Z3211 E4948H10 A15

GL55＊A5.5M E5516-GA5.5 E8016-G

Z3211 E5716H10 A16

GL60＊A5.5M E6216-GA5.5 E9016-G

Z3211 E5716H10 A16

GL70＊A5.5M E6916-GA5.5 E10016-G

Equivalent to Z3211 E6916-N4M3

A17

GL80＊A5.5M E7616-GA5.5 E11016-G

Z3211 E7816-N4CM2 A17

GL100＊A5.5M E8316-GA5.5 E12016-G

Equivalent to Z3211 E8318-N4C2M2

A18

Chromium – Molybdenum

(heat resistant use)Steel

GL76A1／GL78A1

A5.5M E4916（8）-A1A5.5 E7016（8）-A1

Z3223 DT1216 B6

GL86B1／GL88B1

A5.5M E5516（8）-B1A5.5 E8016（8）-B1

Z3223 DT2316（8）B6

GL86B2／GL88B2

A5.5M E5516（8）-B2A5.5 E8016（8）-B2

Z3223 DT2316(8) B7

GL96B3／GL98B3

A5.5M E6216（8）-B3A5.5 E9016（8）-B3

Z3223 DT2416(8) B7

GL86B6／GL88B6

A5.5 M E5516（8）-B6A5.5 E8016（8）-B6

－ B8

GL86B8／GL88B8

A5.5M E 5516（8）-B8A5.5 E8016（8）-B8

－ B8

Nickel Steel (low temperature use)

GL86C1／GL88C1

A5.5M E5516（8）-C1A5.5 E8016（8）-C1

Z3211 E5516(8)-N5 B17

GL86C2／GL88C2

A5.5M E5516（8）-C2 A5.5 E8016（8）-C2

Z3211 E5516(8)-N7 B17

GL86C3／GL88C3

A5.5M E5516（8）-C3 A5.5 E8016（8）-C3

Z3211 E5516(8)-N2 B18

Weathering Steel

GL78W1A5.5M E4918-W1A5.5 E7018-W1

Z3214 DA5016G B26

GL88W2A5.5M E5518-W2A5.5 E8018-W2

Z3214 DA5816W B26

SMAW Electrodes


name(1)

Speci cation(2)

PageAWS JIS (3)

High Tensile and High Yield Strength Steel

GL98MA5.5M E6218MA5.5 E9018M

Z3211 E6218-N3M1 B32

GL108MA5.5M E6918MA5.5 E10018M

Z3211 E6918-N3M2 B32

GL118MA5.5M E7618MA5.5 E11018M

Z3211 E7618-N4M2 B33

GL128MA5.5M E8318MA5.5 E12018M

Z3211 E8318-N4C2M2 B33

Stainless Steel

G307 A5.4 E307-16 Z3221 ES307-16 C9

G307M A5.4 E307-26 Z3221 ES307-26 C9

G308 A5.4 E308-16 Z3221 ES308-16 C10

G308L A5.4 E308L-16 Z3221 ES308L-16 C10

G308M A5.4 E308-26 Z3221 ES308-26 C11

G309 A5.4 E309-16 Z3221 ES309-16 C11

G309L A5.4 E309L-16 Z3221 ES309L-16 C12

G309MoL A5.4 E309LMo-16 Z3221 ES309LMo-16 C12

G310 A5.4 E310-16 Z3221 ES310-16 C13

G312 A5.4 E312-16 Z3221 ES312-16 C13

G316 A5.4 E316-16 Z3221 ES316-16 C14

G316L A5.4 E316L-16 Z3221 ES316L-16 C14

G317 A5.4 E317-16 Z3221 ES317-16 C15

G347 A5.4 E347-16 Z3221 ES347-16 C15

G410 A5.4 E410-16 Z3221 ES410-16 C16

G2209 A5.4 E2209-16 Z3221 ES2209-16 C16

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SMAW Electrodes

Steel Category

Product

name(1)

Specif ication(2)

PageAWS JIS (3)

Strong impact resistant

GH13M — Z3251 DFMA-250B D9

HARDMANG1— —

D10

HARDMANG3— —

D10

Buffer layer and welding

GH300—

Z3251 DF2A-300B D11

GH300R — Z3251 DF2A-300R D11

Metal to metal abrasion

GH350R — Z3251 DF2A-350R D12

GH450 — Z3251 DF2A-450B D12

GH450R — Z3251 DF2B-450R D13

GH600 — Z3251 DF3C-600B D13

GH600R — Z3251 DF3B-600R D14

SMAW Electrodes


name(1)

Speci cation(2)

PageAWS JIS (3)

Severe abrasion resistant

HARD 35 — — D18

GH800 — — D18

GH900Mn — — D19

GH950Nb — — D19

GH950 — — D20

GH950C — — D20

GHCW — — D21

High temperature fatigue and

corrosion resistantGH13Cr-4 — — D22

Nickel base alloy

GNC 132 A5.11 ENiCrFe-1 Z3224 DNiCrFe-1 E7



GNC 112 A5.11 ENiCrMo-3 Z3224 DNiCrMo-3 E10

GNC 277 A5.11 ENiCrMo-5 Z3224 DNiCrMo-5 E11

Cast Iron

GC100 A5.15 ENi-CI Z3252 DFCNi F6

GC55 A5.15 ENiFe-CI Z3252 DFCNi Fe F6

GCO A5.15 ESt Z3252 DFCFe F7

GCI-1 A5.15 ENi-CI Z3252 DFCNi F7

GCI-2 A5.15 ENiFe-CI Z3252 DFCNi Fe F8

GCI-3 A5.15 ESt Z3252 DFCFe F8

Gouging or groove

preparation use

GGC — — F10

Gouging Carbon — — F10

Metal to sand abrasion resistant

GH750 — Z3251 DF3C-700B D15

GH900 — Z3251 DF5A-700B D15

HARD D — — D16

GH900W — D16

HARD 31 — — D17

MAG．TIG wire / rod


Steel Use

S-GA5.18M ER48S-GA5.18 ER70S-G

Z3312 YGW11 A23

S-4GW16

A5.18M ER48S-4A5.18 ER70S-4

— A23

S-6A5.18M ER48S-6A5.18 ER70S-6

Z3312 YGW12 A24

GW11A5.18M ER48S-GA5.18 ER70S-G

Z3312 YGW11 A24

GW12A5.18M ER48S-6A5.18 ER70S-6

Z3312 YGW12 A25

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MAG．TIG wire/rod


name(1)

Speci cation(2)

PageAWS JIS (3)


Steel Use

GW15 — Z3312 YGW15 A25

GW18＊A5.28M ER62S-GA5.28 ER90S-G

Z3312 YGW18 A26

GW19＊A5.28M ER62S-GA5.28 ER90S-G

Z3312 G55A0UM19 A26

TIG

Carbon steel use

GT50A5.18M ER48S-6A5.18 ER70S-6

Z3316 YGT50 A30

GT52TA5.18M ER48S-GA5.18 ER70S-G

— A30

GT60A5.28M ER55S-GA5.28 ER80S-G

— A31

Stainless Steel

GT308 A5.9 ER308 Z3321 YS308 C20

GT308L A5.9 ER308L Z3321 YS308L C21

GT309 A5.9 ER309 Z3321 YS309 C21

GT309L A5.9 ER309L Z3321 YS309L C22

GT310 A5.9 ER310 Z3321 YS310 C22

GT312 A5.9 ER312 Z3321 YS312 C23

GT316 A5.9 ER316 Z3321 YS316 C23

GT316L A5.9 ER316L Z3321 YS316L C24

GT347 A5.9 ER347 Z3321 YS347 C24

GT410 A5.9 ER410 Z3321 YS410 C25

GT430 A5.9 ER430 Z3321 YS430 C25

GT630 A5.9 ER630 — C26

TIG


name(1)

Speci cation(2)

PageAWS JIS (3)

Nickel base alloys

GTN82 A5.14 ERNiCr-3 Z3334 YNiCr-3 E14

GTN625 A5.14ERNiCrMo-3 Z3334 YNiCrMo-3 E14

Welding wire / MIG

Stainless Steel

GM307 A5.9 ER307 — C20

GM308 A5.9 ER308 Z3321 YS308 C20

GM308L A5.9 ER308L Z3321 YS308L C21

GM309 A5.9 ER309 Z3321 YS309 C21

GM309L A5.9 ER309L Z3321 YS309L C22

GM310 A5.9 ER310 Z3321 YS310 C22

GM312 A5.9 ER312 Z3321 YS312 C23

GM316 A5.9 ER316 Z3321 YS316 C23

GM316L A5.9 ER316L Z3321 YS316L C24

GM347 A5.9 ER347 Z3321 YS347 C24

GM410 A5.9 ER410 Z3321 YS410 C25

Nickel base alloys

GMN82 A5.14 ERNiCr-3 Z3334 YNiCr-3 E14

GMN625 A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 Z3334 YNiCrMo-3 E14

SAW / Flux

Carbon steel use

GA78×GS8 A5.17 F7A2-EL8 Z3183 S502-H A36

GA78×GS12K A5.17 F7A2-EM12K Z3183 S502-H A36

GA86×GS12K A5.17 F7A4-EM12K Z3183 S502-H A37

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name(1)

Speci cation(2)

PageAWS JIS (3)

Stainless Steel

GS308/GS308L

A5.9 ER308A5.9 ER308L

Z3324 YS308Z3324 YS308L

C29

GS309/GS309L

A5.9 ER309A5.9 ER309L

Z3324 YS309Z3324 YS309L

C29

GS316/GS316L

A5.9 ER316A5.9 ER316L

Z3324 YS316Z3324 YS316L

C29

Flux Cored Wire / FCAW

Carbon steel use

GMX70A5.20M E490T-1C

A5.20 E70T-1CZ3313 T49J2T1-0CA-H10

A41

GMX71A5.20M E491T-1C

A5.20 E71T-1CZ3313 T49J2T1-1CA-H10

A42

GMX71MA5.20M E491T-1M

A5.20 E71T-1MZ3313 T49J2T1-1MA-H10

A43

GMX71NiA5.20M E491T-9C

A5.20 E71T-9C— A44

MXC76MA5.18M E48C-6MA5.18 E70C-6M

— A45

Stainless Steel

GMX308L A5.22 E308LT1-1 Z3323 TS308L-FC1 C32

GMX308L-O A5.22 E308LT0-3 Z3323 TS308L-FN0 C33


GMX309L-O A5.22 E309LT0-3 Z3323 TS309L-FN0 C35

GMX309LMo A5.22 E309LMoT1-1 Z3323TS309LMo-FC1 C36


Chromium – Molybdenum

(heat resistant use)Steel

GMX811A1A5.29M E551T1-A1C

A5.29 E81T1-A1C— B11

GMX811B2A5.29M E551T1-B2C

A5.29 E81T1-B2C— B12

GMX911B3A5.29M E621T1-B3C

A5.29 E91T1-B3C—

B13

Nickel Steel (low temperature

use)

GMX811Ni1A5.29M E551T1-Ni1C

A5.29 E81T1-Ni1C— B21


A5.29 E81T1-Ni2C— B22


A5.29 E91T1-Ni2C— B23

Flux Cored Wire / FCAW


name(1)

Speci cation(2)

PageAWS JIS (3)

Weathering Steel GMX811W2A5.29M E551T1-W2C

A5.29 E81T1-W2C— B29

High Tensile and High Yield Strength Steel

GMX101K3A5.29M E691T1-K3CA5.29 E101T1-K3C

— B36

Strong impact resistant

MXW MANG1

— — D25

MXW MANG3

— — D26

Buffer layer and welding repairs

MXW BU-O — — D27

MXW BU-G — — D28

MXW K104-S

— — D29

Metal to metal abrasion resistant

MXW SUPER BU-G

— — D30

MXW BB-G — — D31

MXW 102-G — — D32

MXW K102-S — — D33

MXW K105-S — — D34

MXW K107-S — — D35

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name(1)

Speci cation(2)

PageAWS JIS (3)

High temperature fatigue and corrosion resistant

GMX 410NiMo

— — D51

MXW K410NiMo-S

— — D52

MXW K420-S

— — D53

MXW K423-S

— — D54

Note :

1.Symbol "＊"the classi cation of products is according to JIS and ISO.

2.Specications abbreviation :

CNS=Chinese National Standards

JIS=Japanese Industrial Standards

AWS=American Welding Society

The following speci cations abbreviation may be marked on the product packaging :

ASME=American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ABS=American Bureau of Shipping

CR=China Corporation Register of Shipping

LR=Lloyd's Register of Shipping

NK=Nippon Kaiji Kyokai

BV=Bureau Veritas

3. is de ned as the product meets the JIS speci cations, and obtain the permission of JIS

MARK.

Metal to sand abrasion resistant

MXW DD-G — — D36

MXW 969-G — — D37

MXW 969-O — — D38

MXW M7-G — — D39

MXW D — — D40

MXW R117 — — D41

Severe abrasion resistant

MXW R100 — — D42

MXW R101 — — D43

MXW R100D — — D44

MXWR100SHD

— — D45

MXW 62-O — — D46

MXW 63-O — — D47

MXW 65-O — — D48

MXW 66-O — — D49

MXW 70-O — — D50

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Materials General Review

Steels are categorized by the base of the amount of carbon content but not by silicon (Si), manganese (Mn) or other elements. If we review many different steel speci cations, we will see Si or Mn contents are much more than Carbon, but they are not used for steel categorizing, why?

As we know, almost of carbon (but may not be all) in steels are converted into Fe3C which is a very hard and high strength compound material we called it as cementite, the amount of cementite is the major factor to decide steel properties such as hardness and tensile strength.

Let us see the molecular Fe3C in detail, the atomic weight of C is 12 and the Fe is about 55.8, the weight of 3 Fe atoms plus 1 C atom is about 179.5, C occupies weight rate is only about 6.68%. In other words, the weight of 1 atom C can make 15 times weight of cementite. For 0.3% carbon steel as an example, suppose all 0.3% carbon is converted into Fe3C, the weight of Fe3C rate can be about 4.5%. Cementite weight ratio can vary 15 times by slightly varying of C content. This is a very important understanding to know why there is a big change of steel mechanical properties only by small amount change of C content.

In general, steels with C content ≦ 0.3% are mild or low carbon steels; > 0.3% but ≦ 0.5% are medium carbon steels; > 0.5% are high carbon steels.

The hardening of Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) is a major detriment factor to a weldment, and the degree of HAZ hardening tendency can be used to evaluate the weld ability of steel. It is not only affected by C content but also by Mn, Si and other elements those have different affection level as C does. The Carbon Equivalent is the summary of Carbon content plus other alloy elements each of those is divided by a speci c number due to different hardening affection level as compared to carbon. The higher the Carbon Equivalent, the poor the weld ability a steel is ( high possibility of cold cracking induced by high hardening tendency ), so it is a very common and useful data to determine whether a steel is easy or dif cult to weld and can be the welding control base to give necessary pre-heating and inter-pass temperature.

The Carbon Equivalent calculation formula is shown as following :Ceq.= C + Mn / 6 + Si / 24 + Ni / 40 + Cr / 5 + Mo / 4 + V / 1 4 (%) (JIS) orCeq.= C + Mn / 6+1/5 (Cr+Mo + V) + 1/15 ( Ni + Cu ) (IIW, International Welding Institute) ( % )

The value of Ceq., C, Mn, Si, Ni, Cr, Mo, V etc. are weight percentage of a steel.When Ceq. ≦ 0.4% and HV< 350, the steel has good weld ability and seldom

welding crack happened. It is absolute necessary to preheat before welding when Ceq and Hardness are over above values.

The relation between Ceq. and HAZ hardness can be approximately calculated by following formula :HV max = 1200 x Ceq - 200

For Mild & High Tensile Strength Steel Use

A3

The relationship between HAZ Max. Hardness and preheat / PWHT requirement

Remark: A proper preheat and PWHT for a weld can effectively prevent HAZ hardening which may induce cold crack. The above description is mainly to tell the important concept of Ceq. and the mentioned preheat / PWHT temperature is only for reference, all actual work shall consider the size and thickness of work to give necessary adjustment such as to increase preheat / PWHT temperature or extend holding time etc.

The followings are general notes in relation to preheat and inter-pass temperature:a. Nowadays the structure steel for common use is low carbon steel, the AWS D 1.1 (AWS

Structural Welding Code) Table 3.2 tells preheat and inter-pass temperature are mainly related with work thickness.

b. A steel which has very good weld ability when Ceq. ≦ 0.4%; the weld ability is getting a little bit poor when Ceq. 0.4% ~ 0.5%; Once Ceq. > 0.5%, the weld ability will be very poor.

c. The medium carbon content steels have Ceq. between 0.45 ~ 0.6%, if the work size is big, heavy thickness and complicated in shape, crack will be very easy to occur due to abnormal high residual stress. 250°C preheat and 650°C PWHT or full annealing are strongly recommend in welding these steels.

d. To weld medium or high carbon content steels, variables will include the work size, preheat / PWHT requirement, ller metal selection, etc.

Base metal may have excess phosphorous or sulfur content to have abnormal precipitation, it can induce hot cracking during welding, check material chemical analysis report in detail is strongly recommended before welding for determining right welding procedure.

Proper bevel angle and good t up gap for the before welding preparation will also be necessary to prevent other defects such as incomplete fusion, high stress restriction and cracking, etc.

HV Max. Hardness Preheat inter-pass and PWHT Temperature

≦ 200 Not necessary

201~ 250 Proper preheat recommended

251~ 325 Preheat over 150°C and 650°C PWHT

> 325 Preheat over 150°C and 650°C PWHT or full annealing

For M

ild &

Hig

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Gen

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Rev

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SMAW Electrodes

A5 A6

SMAW Welding Notes Welding Consumables Selection

AWS speci cation（A5.1） — E6010

E6011 E6013 E6019 E6027 E7016 E7018 E7024 E7028 E7048

JIS speci cation E4303 E4310E4311 E4313 E4319 E4327 E4916U

H10E4918H10 E4924 E4928U

H15E4948H10

Covered category lime-titania

high cellulose

potassium

high titania

potassiumilmenite

high iron

oxide, iron

powder

Low Hydrogen

Type

low-hydrogen

potassium, iron

powder

iron powder,titania

low-hydrogen

potassium, iron

powder

Low Hydrogen

Type

Welding performance

crack resistant ability ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ ○ ◎ ☆

RT ray detection inspection

performance○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ ○ ◎ ◎

Impact performance ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ ○ ◎ ◎

Operation ability

welding positions

Flat position ☆ ○ ☆ ◎ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ —

Horizontal llet

position☆ ○ ☆ ◎ ☆ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ —

Vertical upward position

△ ○ ○ ◎ — ☆ ☆ — — —

Vertical downward

position— ☆ ◎ △ — — — — — ☆

Horizontal and

overhead position

△ ☆ ◎ ◎ — ○ ○ — — —

Bead appearance

Flat position ☆ △ ☆ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ —

Horizontal llet

position☆ △ ☆ ○ ☆ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ —

Vertical, overhead

or horizontal position

△ ☆ ◎ ○ — ◎ ◎ — — ☆

penetration depth ○ ☆ △ ◎ △ ○ ○ △ △ ○

re-arc ability ☆ ☆ ☆ ○ ☆ — — ☆ ☆ △

welding spatter quantity ○ △ ◎ ○ ◎ ○ ○ ◎ ◎ ○

slag removal ability ☆ ○ ◎ ○ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ☆

welding speed ◎ △ ○ ○ ◎ ○ ○ ◎ ◎ ☆

good for thin plate ◎ △ ☆ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △

Note: ☆: Excellent, ◎ : Good, ○ : Normal, △: Poor, —: NAThis information is for reference only, welcome to consult us if any further detail require

1. Keep electrodes in dry condition to prevent blow hole, coating damage, spatter increasing, poor arc re-starting ability, poor current standing ability and detrimental to weld metal mechanical properties, etc.

2. Electrodes’ baking condition shall follow the recommendation described in each product features of this catalogue. The baking temperature range is 70~100°C x 1 hr for mild steel electrodes and 300~350°C x1 hr for low hydrogen electrodes.

3. All base metal surface dirt, grease, rust etc., shall be full removed before welding in order to prevent diffusible hydrogen increasing and weld metal poor mechanical properties.

4. Proper grinding is necessary to remove surface scales and slag to smooth the coarsen trace on the base metal cutting edge.

5. Welding parameters such as current, voltage or heat input etc., shall follow the ranges described in Welding Procedure Specification but not over the manufacturer product recommended range.

6. Preheat inter pass temperature and PWHT can follow the reference in Materials General Review or related codes requirement.

7. Proper shelter and gas torch drying on base metal to remove moisture are necessary when welding in raining/windy environment.

8. Short arc technique is strongly recommended on welding low hydrogen electrodes. It can prevent nitrogen and oxygen from permeating into the arc which may cause blow holes. If weaving is necessary, the width shall be within 3 times of electrode diameter.

9. Most electrodes can be used for welding by AC and DC(±) polarity, but AC is most common.

10.The polarity illustration:

DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity (DCRP).DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity (DCSP).

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A7 A8

G03 AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013 (Similar)JIS Z 3211 E4303

NK32 AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013JIS Z 3211 E4303

Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)

C Si Mn P S

0.07 0.29 0.47 0.018 0.011

Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal

Yield StrengthN/mm2

Tensile StrengthN/mm2

Elongation%

Impact value(-20°C) J

423 466 26 55

Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±

Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 80~100 100~140 150~200 230~280

Vertical / overhead position

70~90 90~130 120~170 170~220


C Si Mn P S

0.07 0.27 0.46 0.016 0.013


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


419 460 27 58


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 80~100 100~140 150~200 230~280


70~90 90~130 120~170 170~220

G10 AWS A5.1M E4310 / A5.1 E6010JIS Z 3211 E4310

G11 AWS A5.1M E4311 / A5.1 E6011 JIS Z 3211 E4311


C Si Mn P S

0.13 0.12 0.39 0.016 0.010


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


429 498 28 57


C Si Mn P S

0.09 0.10 0.39 0.018 0.012


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


464 548 25 61

Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+

Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400

Flat position 60~90 70~110 110~150


50~80 60~100 100~140


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/350 4.8/350

Flat position 70~110 110~150 160~210


60~100 100~140 150~200

Product Features:● Lime titanium oxide type covered

electrodes for mild steel.● Easy slag removal and re-arcing

property.● High current available for

increasing welding ef ciency.● Superior for at position.

Applications:● Suitable for moderate thickness

steel structures such as shipbuilding, truck frame, buildings, bridges, tanks, and other general structures.


electrodes for mild steel.● Easy slag removal and re-arcing

property.● High current available for

increasing welding ef ciency.● Superior for at and llet horizontal

position.


steel structures such as shipbuilding, truck frame, buildings, bridges, tanks, and other general structures.

Product Features:● High cellulose type covered

electrode for DC use. ● High arc penetration and

concentration.● Easy slag removal.● Fast solidi cation of weld metal,

good for narrow groove root pass.


steel work one side butt joint high pressure piping root pass.

Product Features:● High cellulose type covered

electrode for mild steel. ● High arc penetration and

concentration.● Fast solidification of weld metal,

good for all positions in limited space and especially on vertical and overhead position.


steel work one side butt joint root pass.

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◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.




A9 A10

G13 AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013 JIS Z 3211 E4313


C Si Mn P S

0.05 0.29 0.28 0.019 0.010


Diameter / Length 2.0/300 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400

Flat position 50~70 60~90 100~130 150~180


45~60 60~70 90~120 130~160


C Si Mn P S

0.07 0.26 0.37 0.014 0.010


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

Impact value(0°C) J

453 479 28 70


Diameter / Length 2.0/300 2.6/350 3.2/350 4.0/400

Flat position 50~70 60~90 100~130 150~180


45~60 60~70 90~120 130~160

K120 AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013 JIS Z 3211 E4313

ND150L AWS A5.1M E4319 / A5.1 E6019 JIS Z 3211 E4319U


C Si Mn P S

0.07 0.38 0.35 0.018 0.012


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


471 519 28 78


Diameter / Length 2.0/300 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400

Flat position 50~70 70~100 90~130 160~200


45~60 60~90 80~100 140~170


C Si Mn P S

0.09 0.08 0.46 0.016 0.010


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


439 475 29 82


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~80 100~140 140~190 230~280


50~70 80~100 120~160 170~220

G13VD AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013 JIS Z 3211 E4313


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


433 474 27 67

Product Features:● High titanium oxide type covered

electrode for mild steel.● High arc stability and easy to re-

arc.● Easy slag removal in proper

current range.● Good bead appearance.● High welding performance and

no undercut occurred.

Applications:● Suitable for low current thin plates

welding.


type electrode for mild steel. ● High arc stability and easy to re-

arc.● Easy slag removal in proper

current range.● Higher speed fusion rate to

improve deposition efficiency than other similar grade products.

● H igh cu r ren t ava i l ab le fo r increasing welding ef ciency.

Applications:● Suitable for thin plates, light

structure, vehicles and general iron ttings.


electrode special for vertical downward position with strong arc force and good manipulation.

● Good bead appearance and easy slag removal for horizontal llet position.

● Good arc concentration and re-arcing property.

Applications:● Suitable for thin plates, light

structure,vehicles and general iron ttings.

Product Features:● Ilmenite type covered electrode

for mild steel is available to process full positions welding.

● Available for high current welding.● Good slag removal.● Good for RT examination, good

mechanical properties.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of thickness ≦20mm steel structures on shipbuilding,vehicles, buildings, bridges, tanks, pressure vessels and general mechanical structures.

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A11 A12

Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC–

Diameter / Length5.0

550/7006.0

550/7006.4

550/700

Flat position 180~230 240~290 260~310

G27 AWS A5.1M E4327 / A5.1 E6027 JIS Z 3211 E4327


C Si Mn P S

0.11 0.15 0.41 0.018 0.010


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~80 100~140 140~190 230~280


50~70 80~100 120~160 170~220


C Si Mn P S

0.06 0.049 0.96 0.03 0.01


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


473 521 26 60

Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC–


550/7006.0

550/7006.4

550/700

Flat position 180~230 240~290 260~310

D200 AWS A5.1M E4319 / A5.1 E6019 JIS Z 3211 E4319U


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


454 487 27 76

GL52 AWS A5.1M E4916 / A5.1 E7016 JIS Z 3211 E4916UH10


C Si Mn P S

0.08 0.049 0.96 0.03 0.012


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


473 521 26 60


C Si Mn P S

0.08 0.46 0.91 0.019 0.009


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


517 578 30 140

Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+

Diameter / Length

2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450

Flat position

70~100 100~140 140~190 220~300 280~340


60~90 80~110 120~160 160~200 —

EX7 AWS A5.1M E4327 / A5.1 E6027 JIS Z 3211 E4327

Product Features:● Ilmenite type covered electrode

for mild steel.● Available for all positions, good

crack and porosity resistance.● Easy slag removal. ● Good for RT examination, good

mechanical properties.● High arc concentration and good

bead appearance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of thickness ≦20mm steel structures on shipbuilding,vehicles, buildings, bridges, tanks, pressure vessels and general mechanical structures.

Product Features:● Iron powder ferric oxide type

covered electrode for mild steel.● Good bead appearance and

easy slag removal.● High deposition ef ciency. ● Smooth llet appearance, no

surface undercut.● Suitable for gravity semi auto

welding, easy slag removal.

Applications:● Suitable for at position of Build-

up type steel beam and girder fabrication such as H beam or T bar.

Product Features:● High iron oxide type covered

electrode special for butt at and horizontal llet joint.

● Good arc stability and easy to re-arc.

● High deposition efficiency and less fume than other similar grade products.

● Smooth llet appearance and no surface undercut.

● Suitable for gravity semi auto welding, easy slag removal.

Applications:● Suitable for at position of Build-

up type steel beam and girder fabrication such as H beam or T bar.

Product Features:● Low hydrogen type covered

electrode for high tensile strength steel.

● Suitable for all positions.● Good for RT examination, good

mechanical properties.● Basic type slag, easy to remove.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of 490

N/mm2 high tensile strength low alloy steel structures on shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.

● Suitable for welding of moderate & high carbon contained steels.

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◎ Note: 1.300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2.Refer to page A6 welding note.

A13 A14



5.0/5.5550/700

6.0550/700

6.4550/700

Flat position 160~200 200~240 250~280 280~310

GL24 AWS A5.1M E4924 / A5.1 E7024 JIS Z 3211 E4903


C Si Mn P S

0.09 0.60 1.32 0.020 0.010


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450

Flat position 100~140 140~190 220~300 280~330


80~110 120~160 160~200 —


C Si Mn P S

0.09 0.22 0.64 0.020 0.009


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


470 514 29 80

GL5218 AWS A5.1M E4918 / A5.1 E7018 JIS Z 3211 E4918H10


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


569 638 27 88


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 85~140 130~190 150~220


60~120 100~160 120~180



C Si Mn P S

0.07 0.58 1.07 0.016 0.009


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


556 609 21 62


C Si Mn P S

0.05 0.38 0.87 0.024 0.010

All weld metal mechanical properties (sample)

Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


496 540 26 53

GL524 AWS A5.1M E4924 / A5.1 E7024 JIS Z 3211 E4924



5.0550/700

6.0550/700

Flat position 160~190 210~250 280~320

Product Features:● Iron powder low hydrogen type

covered electrode for high tensile strength steel.

● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties and good crack resistance.

● H igh weld ing per formance, low spatter loss and easy slag removal.

● Good manipulation in vertical position.


N/mm2 high tensile strength low alloy steel structures on shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.

● Suitable for welding of moderate & high carbon contained steels.

Product Features:● Iron powder Titanium oxide type


● High arc stability and easy to re-arc.

● High welding ef ciency and good manipulation ratio.

● Acid type slag, easy to remove.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of thickness ≦25mm, 490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on shipbuilding,vehicles, buildings, bridges, tanks, pressure vessels and general mechanical steel structures.

Product Features:● Iron powder Titanium oxide type


● High deposition efciency. ● Good bead appearance● Easy slag removal, easy re-arc

and good manipulation.● Suitable for gravity semi auto

welding, easy slag removal.

Applications:● Suitable for horizontal f i l let

position of Build-up type steel beam and girder fabrication such as H beam or T bar.

Product Features:● Iron powder contained available

for high deposition ef ciency.● Good bead appearance.● Good re-arcing property and

manipulation.● Suitable for gravity semi auto

welding, easy slag removal.● Available for high current welding.

Applications:● Suitable for horizontal llet


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◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.




A15 A16

EX55V AWS A5.1M E4948 / A5.1 E7048 JIS Z 3211 E4948H10


C Si Mn P S

0.05 0.38 0.87 0.024 0.010


C Si Mn P S

0.09 0.42 0.79 0.019 0.009


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


489 562 30 68



Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


496 540 26 61



5.0550/700

6.0550/700

6.4550/700

Flat position 160~200 200~240 250~280 280~310


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 110~140 170~190 240~280

GL60 AWS A5.5M E6216-G / A5.5 E9016-G JIS Z 3211 E5716H10


C Si Mn Ni

0.07 0.66 1.24 0.03


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


558 623 28 170


C Si Mn Ni Mo

0.05 0.38 0.79 0.97 0.26


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


588 665 27 110

GL55 AWS A5.5M E5516-G / A5.5 E8016-G JIS Z 3211 E5716H10


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450

Flat position 100~140 150~190 200~270 280~350


80~110 120~160 160~190 —


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450

Flat position 100~140 150~190 200~270 280~340


80~110 120~160 160~190 —

Product Features:● Iron powder contained available

for high deposition ef ciency.● Good bead appearance.● Good re-arcing property and

manipulation.● Suitable for gravity semi auto

welding, easy slag removal.● Available for high current welding.

Applications:● Suitable for horizontal llet



electrode for high tensile strength steel special in vertical downward position.

● Easy slag removal and good manipulation.

● Good bead appearance.● Good mechanical and crack

resistance properties.

Applications:● Suitable for vertical downward

steel structures on shipbuilding, bridge, steel structure and pressure vessels.


electrode for 550 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.


mechanical properties.● Low hydrogen content in weld

metal, good crack resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of 550 N/

mm2 high tensile strength steel main structures on buildings and pressure vessels.







mm2 high tensile strength steel main structures on buildings and pressure vessels.

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◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep arc length as short as possible.3. Refer to page A6 welding note.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Refer to page A6 welding note.

◎ Note: 1.300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.

A17 A18

GL80 AWS A5.5M E7616-G / A5.5 E11016-G JIS Z3211 E7816-N4CM2


C Si Mn Ni Mo

0.07 0.47 1.18 0.95 0.47


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.07 0.59 1.54 1.97 0.28 0.41

GL70 AWS A5.5M E6916-G / A5.5 E10016-Gequal to JIS Z3211 E6916-N4M3


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

677 724 24


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450

Flat position 100~140 150~190 200~270 280~340


80~110 120~160 160~190 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

767 860 21


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450

Flat position 100~140 150~200 220~270 280~340


80~110 120~150 160~190 —

GL100 AWS A5.5M E8316-G / A5.5 E12016-G equal to JIS Z3211 E8318-N4C2M2


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

821 899 21


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~200 220~270


50~80 80~110 120~150 160~190


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.06 0.38 1.41 2.00 0.58 0.43



● Suitable for all positions. ● Good for RT examination, good



Applications:● Suitable for welding 690 N/

mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on pressure vessels and steel constructions.






Applications:● Suitable for welding 760 N/

mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on pressure vessels and steel constructions.



● Suitable for all positions. ● Good for RT examination, good




N/mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on pressure vessels and steel constructions.

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A20

Welding Consumables Selection

Product name

Shielding gas Property descriptionSpeci cation

AWS JIS

S-4CO2 or mixing gas

(note)

Better deoxidation effect than ER70S-3, no charpy impact requirement.

ER 70S-4 YGW 12

S-6CO2 or mixing gas

(note)

Available for single and multi-passes, good anti-rust capability, and good for high current welding.

ER 70S-6 YGW 12

S-GCO2 or mixing gas

(note)

Available for single and multi-passes, requirements are those agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier.

ER 70S-G YGW 11

GW11 CO2

Contain Ti (or Zr) deoxidation element, suitable for mild and 490MPa high strength steel high current welding.

— YGW 11

GW12 CO2

Suitable for mild and 490MPa high strength steel, low current, thin plate and full position welding.

— YGW 12

GW15 80%Ar+20%CO2

Contain Ti (or Zr) deoxidation element, suitable for mild and 490MPa high strength steel high current welding.

— YGW 15

GW16 80%Ar+20%CO2

Suitable for mild and 490MPa high strength steel, low current, thin plate and full position welding.

— YGW 16

GW18 CO2

Contain Mo and Ti (or Zr) deoxidation element, suitable for high current high heat input welding, better mechanical properties than YGW11.

ER 90S-G YGW 18

GW19 80%Ar+20%CO2

Contain Mo and Ti (or Zr) deoxidation element, suitable for high current high heat input welding, better mechanical properties than YGW15.

ER 90S-G YGW 19

Note : when using Ar+CO2 mixing gas, Si and Mn content of weld metal will be increased by Ar increasing.

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A21 A22

Welding Notes

1. The following shielding gases are commonly applied on GMAW :CO2, Ar + CO2 & Ar + O2 , etc.

2. Shielding gas ow rate: 20 ~ 25 L/min.3. Proper shelter is necessary on windy area to prevent air (O2 & N2) trapping into arc and

melting pool.4. Ventilation is absolutely necessary when welding inside a limited or restricted partition.5. Keep welding wire in dry condition even there is an anti rust cooper coated lm on wire

surface.6. Shielding gas regulator, wire feeder, welding equipment, and other related accessories

shall be function checked carefully before welding to prevent abnormal defects occurred.7. Gas mixing rate will affect welding results (Weld metal properties such as tensile strength

and toughness may be changed from one mixing rate of shielding gas to another). The mixing rate shall be speci ed for keeping a constant supply during welding.

8. Vertical and overhead positions are not recommended on main structural parts.9. The following diagram is showing how to select arc transfer mode within the suitable

corresponding welding current range.

Note: the welding current and voltage will affect the arc transfer mode.

10.The referenced welding parameters are as follows :

11.The difference between MIG and MAGMAG: A variation of GMAW, shielding gas can be CO2 , Ar +CO2 or Ar+O2

MIG: A variation of GMAW, shielding gas is 100% inert gas such as Argon or helium or Ar + He

12.The polarity illustration:DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity (DCRP).DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity (DCSP).

Wire size (mm) Welding Current (A) Welding Voltage (V)

0.6 40 – 80 12 – 18

0.8 60 – 160 15 – 23

0.9 60 – 200 19 – 27

1.0 80 – 230 19 – 29

1.2 120 – 350 20 – 34

1.4 240 – 380 26 – 38

1.6 260 – 450 28 – 40

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Arc voltage

Short circuitarc area

Short circuit & globular transfer arc lap area

Globular transferarc area

Weld wire dia. (mm)

Plate thickness

Welding current

A23 A24

S-4 GW16 AWS A5.18M ER48S-4 / A5.18 ER70S-4JIS Z 3312 YGW16

Typical chemical composition of wire (%)

C Si Mn P S Ti

0.07 0.80 1.54 0.025 0.013 Bal.


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


505 582 30 81


Diameter 1.2 1.4 1.6

Flat position 120~350 240~380 260~450

Horizontal llet position

120~350 240~380 260~450

Shielding Gas CO2


C Si Mn P S

0.06 0.81 1.49 0.021 0.023


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


473 567 27 84

S-G AWS A5.18M ER48S-G / A5.18 ER70S-GJIS Z 3312 YGW11



Flat position 60~200 80~230 120~350

Vertical position 60~100 80~180 120~150

Shielding Gas CO2

GW11 AWS A5.18M ER48S-G / A5.18 ER70S-GJIS Z 3312 YGW11

S-6 AWS A5.18M ER48S-6 / A5.18 ER70S-6JIS Z 3312 YGW12


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


527 594 28 135



Flat position 120~350 240-380 260~450


120~350 240-380 260~450

Shielding Gas CO2


C Si Mn P S

0.08 0.90 1.50 0.016 0.006


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


485 570 28 62


Diameter 0.8/0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6

Flat position 60~200 80~230 120~350 260~400

Vertical position 60~100 80~180 120~150 —

Shielding Gas CO2


C Si Mn P S Ti+Zr

0.07 0.89 1.60 0.020 0.025 0.2

Product Features:● Suitable for welding of mild and

490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.

● Ti element contained in wire for improving oxidation resistance, less spatter loss.

● High welding performance, suitable for high current welding.

● High welding speed, deep penetration and high welding ef ciency.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and

490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, machinery, bridges, pressure vessels and shipbuilding.



● Suitable for thin plate and all positions.

● High welding performance.● Available for low to moderate

current range, good arc stability, less spatter loss and good bead appearance.


490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, general electrical, light steel, pipe, steel constructions, bridge and shipbuilding.


490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.

● Suitable for thin plate and all position welding.

● Higher Si and Mn elements contained in wire for improving oxidation resistance capability.





● Ti element contained in wire for improving oxidation resistance capability ,less spatter loss.

● High welding performance, suitable for high current welding.

● High welding speed, deep penetration and high welding ef ciency.



MA

G

．MIG

wire

/rod

MA

G

．MIG

wire

/rod

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n


◎ Note: 1. Refer to page A21 welding note.2. Not recommend for vertical position (upward

and downward) on structure parts.




A25 A26

GW15 JIS Z 3312 YGW15


C Si Mn P S

0.07 0.86 1.51 0.015 0.018


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


465 570 28 62


C Si Mn P S

0.06 0.59 1.45 0.004 0.022


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


475 545 30.4 145

GW12 AWS A5.18M ER48S-6 / A5.18 ER70S-6JIS Z 3312 YGW12



Flat position 60~200 80~230 120~350

Vertical position 60~100 80~180 120~150

Shielding Gas mixed gas


Diameter 0.8/0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6

Flat position 60~200 80~230 120~350 260~400

Vertical position 60~100 80~180 120~150 —

Shielding Gas CO2

GW19 AWS A5.28M ER62S-G / A5.28 ER90S-GJIS Z 3312 G55A0UM19

GW18 AWS A5.28M ER62S-G / A5.28 ER90S-GJIS Z 3312 YGW18


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


703 775 22.4 87



Flat position 120~350 240~380 260~450


120~350 240~380 260~450

Shielding Gas mixed gas


C Si Mn Mo Ti

0.08 0.88 1.63 0.16 a little


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


647 704 22.4 157



Flat position 120~350 240-380 260~450


120~350 240-380 260~450

Shielding Gas CO2


C Si Mn Mo Ti

0.08 0.70 1.81 0.16 a little



● Suitable for thin plate and all positions welding.

● Higher Si and Mn elements contained in wire for improving oxidation resistance capability.


490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, general electrical, light steel, pipe, steel structure, bridge and shipbuilding.



● Avai lable for wider welding current range.

● Good arc stability, low spatter loss and good bead appearance even in very low welding current.


490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, general electrical, light steel, pipe, steel structure, bridge and shipbuilding.

Product Features:● Suitable for welding of 620 N/

mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.

● Good for high heat input welding.● Good mechanical properties.● Ti element contained for

improving oxidation resistance, less spatter loss.


mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, light steel, pipe, steel structure, bridge and shipbuilding.

Product Features:● Suitable for welding of 620 N/

mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.

● Good for higher heat input welding.

● Good mechanical properties.● Ti element contained for

improving oxidation resistance, less spatter loss.


mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, light steel, pipe, steel structure, bridge and shipbuilding.

MA

G

．MIG

wire

/rod

MA

G

．MIG

wire

/rod

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n



◎ Note: 1. Typical all weld metal mechanical properties obtained from 80%Ar+20%CO2 shielding gas welding test.

2. Refer to page A21 welding note.3. Not recommend for vertical position(upward and

downward) on structure parts.


◎ Note: 1. Typical all weld metal mechanical properties obtained from 80%Ar+20%CO2 shielding gas welding test.

2. .Refer to page A21 welding note.

A27

The classi cation level of GW18 & GW19

From reviewing the above testing data, it is obvious to see how the heat input and interpass temperature impact the welding result (weld metal mechanical properties). The above testing results also tells us to get an ideal weld metal strength is not only on selecting the right ller metal but also how to control the welding parameters (to follow a quali ed welding procedure shall be absolutely necessary).

Applicable Steel Grade

Wire TypeWelding Condition

Heat Input KJ/cm Interpass Temperature°C

Grade 400MPa YGW11, 15, 18, 1915~40 ≦350

15~30 ≦150

Grade 490MPaYGW11, 15 15~30 ≦250

YGW18, 19 15~40 ≦350

Grade 520MPa YGW18, 19 15~30 ≦250

Single Beveled Joint Testing (Sample from GW18)

Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

Toughness (Charpy Impact Values)（0°C）J

Heat Input KJ / cm

Interpass Temperature

509 621 26.2 122 40 350°C

MA

G

．MIG

wire

/rod

Th

e cla

ssi c

atio

n le

vel o

f GW

18 &

GW

19

Some users may feel strange and be interesting in products of GW18 and GW19 (JIS 3312 YGW18 & YGW19). Users may nd the classication level is different between AWS and JIS of these two products. According to values of mechanical properties, these two products can be applied to higher strength than traditional high strength steels on AWS classication base.

These two classes of wires were developed in Japan based on the Hanshin and Earthquake experience. To improve the strength of box column or beam joints (building structure) can improve structure member earthquake resistance level. The mechanical properties are mainly affected by weld metal and the weld metal will be mainly affected by welding parameters such as heat input, preheat and interpass temperature etc. Most of steel structure welding usually applies high heat input such as increasing welding current and keeping high inter pass temperature (less waiting time for cooling) to improve efficiency; however, this method will induce coarsen grain structure in weld metal and cause detrimental mechanical properties (decreasing strength and toughness in weld metal). Heat input and inter pass temperature are absolute essential control parameters for getting good results to satisfy related code requirement.

After a long discussion and research among Japanese Architecture Society and construction companies, new welding wires (filler metals) were developed and new construction standard was issued in which the weld metal can stand not only high heat input and high inter pass temperature but also meets required mechanical properties. JIS made a revision to incorporate these welding materials consequently. GW18 and GW19 were produced in accordance with JIS revised classications and are currently national standard welding ller metals. These wires are designed so that the weld metal can meet 490MPa strength requirement with high heat input and high interpass temperature (350C max.). These wires also can weld higher than traditional high strength grade steels from decreasing heat input and lowering interpass temperature in order to get higher strength weld metals.

TIG rod

A29 A30

GTAW is a full position welding process, which can produce and keep high stable arc and produces high quality and good appearance weld metal without spatter occurred. This low heat input welding process is widely applied on thin work piece or high quality required heavy work piece and pipe joint root pass.

Welding notes :1. Welding Electrode (Tungsten)

DC– is strongly recommended (Electrode negative can stand much higher welding current than positive).

2. Shielding GasArgon is a much commercialized type of gas. High purity Argon is recommended to prevent defects such as pits or blow holes.Proper ow rate : 12~18L/min ( indoor area); 15~20 L/min. with proper shelter to prevent air trapping into the arc and weld pool (outdoor area). Te on hose or steel pipe is preferred for long distance supply (easy to trap moisture by rubber or nylon hose ).

3. Tungsten typeRecommend 1~2% Thorium element Tungsten electrode on DC current. Tip end to be proper ground irregularly to keep good arc concentration ability. (Tip end is easy burned from arc heat.).

4. Tungsten electrode stick outNormal: 4-5mm with arc length 1-3mm Special: 5-6mm with arc length 2-3mm (deep groove pass)

5. Base metal cleaningSurface dirt, scale, grease and moisture to be completely removed before welding.

6. Wind ProtectionRecommend proper protection from wind for outdoor welding.

7. Polarity illustrationDCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity (DCRP).DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity (DCSP).

GT52T AWS A5.18M ER48S-G A5.18 ER70S-G

Typical chemical composition of rod (wt%)

C Si Mn P S

0.07 0.86 1.51 0.015 0.018

Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal

Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


493 567 27.0 147

Size(mm) and recommended shielding gas

Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2

Length 1000 1000 1000 1000

Shielding Gas Ar


C Si Mn P S Ti

0.07 0.80 1.54 0.025 0.013 0.18


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


460 560 30.0 110

GT50 AWS A5.18M ER48S-6 / A5.18 ER70S-6JIS Z 3316 YGT50


Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2

Length 1000 1000 1000 1000

Shielding Gas Ar

General Description and Welding Notes

Product Features:● GTAW (TIG) wire available for

welding of mild and 490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.

● Good low temperature impact toughness, suitable for welding of all positions pipe joint root pass and thin plates.

● Shielding gas: Argon (Ar), DC– polarity.

Applications:● Suitable for all kinds of mild and

high strength steel structures.

Product Features:● GTAW (TIG) wire available for

welding of mild and 490 N/mm2

high tensile strength steel. ● Good low temperature impact

toughness, suitable for welding of all positions pipe joint root pass and thin plates.

● Ti element contained for improving de-oxidation capability, getting ne grain and good mechanical properties of weld metal

Applications:● Suitable for all kinds of mild and

high strength steel structures.

TIG

rod

TIG

rod

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Gen

eral

Des

crip

tion

and

Wel

ding

Not

es

◎ Note: Refer to page A33 Carbon steel TIG Welding (General Description and Welding Notes).


A31


C Si Mn Mo Ti

0.08 0.88 1.63 0.16 0.2

GT60 AWS A5.28M ER55S-GA5.28 ER80S-G


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


517 610 26.0 95


Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2

Length 1000 1000 1000 1000

Shielding Gas Ar

Product Features:● GTAW (TIG) wire for welding of


● Good low temperature impact toughness, suitable for welding of all positions pipe joint root pass and thin plates.

● Ti element contained for improving de-oxidation capability.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of high

tensile strength Mn-Mo & Mn-Mo-Ni Steel.

TIG

rod

P

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

SAW Wire / Flux


A33 A34

Welding notes

1. Joint DesignDifferent root gap, root face and beveled angle will affect SAW welding result extensively such as penetration problem or over heating to the weldment. correct joint design for SAW acts as a more important role than other welding processes.

The effects of different Joint Design to the dilution of ller metal and base metal

2. Flux scattered amount and re-use of unconsumed ux Heavy flux scattered will cause poor bead appearance. The proper amount of flux scattered on welding joint is that a very slight trace of arc light can be seen during welding. Unused and returned ux shall be mixed with new ux at least 50% for reusing.

3. Flux mesh selectionFlux mesh is another important factor to affect welding result. Incorrect selection will cause surface pits or other defects. Usually, the higher the welding current range is, the bigger the mesh shall be in correspondence with and the vise versus.

4. Welding ParametersWelding parameters listed in WPS (Welding Procedure Specification) such as wire size, welding current range, voltage range and welding speed range etc. shall be totally followed.

5. Flux storage and baking requirement before usingFlux shall be stored in dry and good ventilation area. For getting a good quality result, the ux shall be baked to 250 ~ 350°C x1 hr before using.

80% Base Metal

20% Filler Metal

50% Base Metal

50% Filler Metal

10% Base Metal

90% Filler Metal


Product name Speci cation Property description

GA78×GS8 F7A2-EL8

Agglomerated type ux combined with EL8 wire, suitable for single and multipass welding, single or dual wire, high welding current performance, good bead appearance and easy slag removal.

GA78×GS12K F7A2-EM12K

Agglomerated type ux combined with EM12K wire, suitable for single and multipass welding, single or dual wire, high welding current, good anti-crack performance and good for RT examination.

GA86×GS12K F7A4-EM12K

Agglomerated type ux, suitable for single and multipass welding, good mechanical properties especially on Charpy impact toughness, low blow hole occurred.

wire diameter

(mm)

Wire stick out

(mm)

Voltage (V)

Wireconsumption

rate

Current (A)

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

2.4 25~30 18~25 kg/hr 3.6 6.4 9.8 13.9

2.8 25~30 20~28 kg/hr 7.5 10.8 15.1 19.9

3.2 25~30 23~30 kg/hr 6.5 9.4 12.8 16.7 20.8

4.0 25~30 25~32 kg/hr 8.3 11.2 14.5 17.7 21.5

4.8 25~30 28~36 kg/hr 10.1 12.8 15.5 18.5 21.4 24.9

5.6 25~30 30~38 kg/hr 12.6 14.9 17.5 20.6 23.4 26.4

SA

W W

ire /

Flu

x

SA

W W

ire /

Flu

x

Wel

ding

not

es

Wel

ding

Con

sum

able

s S

elec

tion

Recommended welding parameters : [GA78×GS8, GA78×GS12K, GA86×GS12K]

A35 A36

6. Wire stick outStandard wire stick out: 25~30 mm.The following sketch refers the relation between stick out and penetration depth. Increasing stick out can increase deposition rate but may cause incomplete fusion (lack of penetration).

7. Welding Current and Welding Voltage

See page A37, the recommended welding parameter table. The following 2 sketches are showing how the variation of welding current or welding voltage to change the weld pro le (Wire Size for testing: 4.0 mm).

8. Polarity illustrationDCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity (DCRP).DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity (DCSP).

Wire Stick Out

Welding Voltage xedWelding Current (A)

Welding Current xedVoltage (V)

GA78×GS-12K AWS A5.17 F7A2-EM12KJIS Z 3183 S502-H

GA78×GS-8 AWS A5.17 F7A2-EL8JIS Z 3183 S502-H


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


432 485 32 41.5

Typical practice

Base material Thickness mm Welding process

A572 25Groove weld with backing single electrode multiple-

pass welding

Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)

C Si Mn P S

0.04 0.19 1.14 0.024 0.011


C Si Mn P S

0.05 0.58 1.71 0.023 0.015


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


497 570 28 53.8

Typical practice

Base material Thickness mm Welding process


pass welding

Product Features:● Submerged arc welding wires for

mild steel and 490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.

● Good porosity and crack resistance.

● Good bead appearance and easy slag removal.

Applications:● Suitable for single or multiple

pass(es) welding of mild and 50 Kg/mm2 high tensile Strength steel structures on shipbuilding, machinery, bridges and general structures.

Product Features:● Submerged arc welding wires for

mild and 490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.

● Good porosity resistance and crack resistance.

● High welding performance, easy slag removal, good bead appearance and less fume.


pass(es) welding of mild and 50 Kg/mm2 high tensile Strength steel structures on shipbuilding, machinery, bridges and general structures.

SA

W W

ire /

Flu

x

SA

W W

ire /

Flu

x

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Wel

ding

not

es

◎ Note: refer to page A38 SAW welding notes.


A37

GA86×GS-12K AWS A5.17 F7A4-EM12KJIS Z 3183 S502-H


C Si Mn P S

0.07 0.57 1.55 0.025 0.023


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


472 539 30 34

Typical practice

Base material Plate thickness Welding Process


pass welding

Product Features:● Good impact toughness and

crack resistance property.● High welding performance, easy

slag removal.


pass(es) welding of 490 N/mm2 h igh tens i le St rength s tee l structures on oil rig, shipbuilding, pressure vessels and general structures.

Flux Cored Wire (FCW)

SA

W W

ire /

Flu

xP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion


A39 A40


Recommended welding parameters

Welding Notes

GOODWELD produces two types of High Tensile Strength Steels using FCAW wire. One is GMX which is ux cored type and the other is MXC which is composite type

with metal cored. Both types can use either CO2 or CO2 + Ar as shielding gas.The characteristics are described as follows:

GMX type :It is a slag type FCAW wire. Almost flux is converted into slag through welding

operation, high performance characteristics ability such as arc stable and low welding spatter, easy slag removal and good bead appearance no matter CO2 or CO2 + Ar is used as shielding gas. It is suitable for full positions welding.

MXC type :It is a non slag composite type metal cored wire with high deposition ef ciency; it has

similar high performance characteristics ability such as arc stable and low welding spatter as GMX type wire especially when mixing gas is used. Like solid wire, a slight amount of slag is produced after welding but it is more easy to remove. The application is similar to solid wire, suitable for all thickness steels and good for at and horizontal positions.

Deposition RateFor comparing similar mechanical level welding materials, flux cored wire not only

has the deposition rate 1~5 times higher than traditional coated electrodes and 10~20% higher than solid wires, with lower spatters. It is widely preferred by welders.

The following welding notes are references for ux cored wire welding :1. Flux cored wire is more soft than solid wire; proper adjustment of wire feed roller

pressure is necessary and important for preventing wire deformation or damage to cause unstable feeding.

2. Backhand welding technique is recommended for heavy work root pass to get good penetration. Forehand welding technique is recommended for thin work or when appearance is important.

3. Vertical downward position is not recommended for heavy work root pass. 4. Welding parameters listed in WPS shall be followed but the range shall be limited to the

product recommended range so as to prevent hot cracking. 5. The selection of proper wire size should be in accordance with work size.6. The polarity illustration :

DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity.DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity.

Product name Speci cation Characteristic description

GMX70 E70T-1CCO2, DC+, high deposition rate titania type, only for at and horizontal llet welding positions.

GMX71 E71T-1C CO2 , DC+, titania type, good for full positions.

GMX71M E71T-1M(75~80%Ar+20~25%CO2) mixing gas, DC+, titania type, good for full positions.

GMX71Ni E71T-9CCO2 , DC+, titania type, good for full positions (less than 1.6mm).

MXC76M E70C-6M(75~80%Ar+20~25%CO2) mixing gas, DC+, composite type, good for at and horizontal llet welding positions.

Wire diameter (mm) Current (A) Voltage(V) Wire stick out (mm)

1.2 120~350 20~30

20~251.4 160~380 22~34

1.6 200~450 24~36

Gas S

hielde

d Ty

pe F

lux C

ored

Wire

(FC

AW)

Gas S

hielde

d Ty

pe F

lux C

ored

Wire

(FC

AW)

We

ldin

g N

ote

s

Wel

ding

Con

sum

able

s S

elec

tion

A41 A42


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


551 589 26 33


C Si Mn P S

0.04 0.45 1.45 0.020 0.012

Welding parameters

Diameter (mm) 1.2 1.4 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)Flat, horizontal llet and

horizontal position120~350 160-380 200~450

Shielding Gas CO2 CO2 CO2

GMX 70 AWS A5.20M E490T-1CA5.20 E70T-1C

JIS Z3313 T49J2T1-0CA- H10 GMX 71 AWS A5.20M E491T-1CA5.20 E71T-1C

JIS Z3313 T49J2T1-1CA- H10


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


555 592 26 59


C Si Mn P S

0.04 0.40 1.33 0.020 0.010

Welding parameters



Ampere (A)

Flat, horizontal position 120~350 160-380 200~450

Vertical upward position 120~250 150-260 180~280

Vertical downward position

200~280 220-280 250~280

Shielding Gas CO2 CO2 CO2

Product Features:● High titania oxide type flux cored arc

welding wire, high deposition ef ciency.● High deposition efficiency and Deep

penetration, suitable for flat butt and horizontal llet welding.

● Good crack resistance and mechanical properties.

● Good arc stability, less spatter loss. ● Easy slag removal.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and 490 N/

mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on shipbui lding, bui ldings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.

Product Features:● Titania oxide type CO2 Gas shield flux

cored arc welding wire.● Good bead appearance.● Good crack resistance and mechanical

properties.● Good arc stability, less spatter loss and

easy slag removal.


mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.

Gas S

hielde

d Ty

pe F

lux C

ored

Wire

(FC

AW)

Gas S

hielde

d Ty

pe F

lux C

ored

Wire

(FC

AW)

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

◎ Note: 1. Wire extension : 15~25mm (standard range). 2. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min. 3. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.

◎ Note: 1. Wire extension : 15~25mm (standard range).2. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min. 3. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.

A43 A44


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


560 591 28.4 71


C Si Mn P S

0.04 0.35 1.28 0.020 0.010

GMX 71M AWS A5.20M E491T-1MA5.20 E71T-1M

JIS Z3313 T49J2T1-1MA-H10

Welding parameters

Diameter (mm) 1.2 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)

Flat, horizontal position 120~350 200~450

Vertical upward position 120~250 180~280


200~280 250~280

Shielding Gas 80%Ar+20%CO2 80%Ar+20%CO2

GMX 71Ni AWS A5.20M E491T-9CA5.20 E71T-9C


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


518 561 28.0 54


C Si Mn P S Ni

0.04 0.43 1.02 0.015 0.013 0.33

Welding parameters


Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)




200~280 250~280

Shielding Gas CO2 CO2

Product Features:● Titania oxide type flux cored wire for

welding with Ar+CO2 mixed shielding gas.● Good bead appearance.● Good crack resistance and mechanical

properties.● Good arc stability, less spatter loss and

easy slag removal.



Product Features:● Titania oxide type flux cored wire for

welding of mild and 490N/mm2 high tensile strength steel with Ar + CO2 mixed shielding gas.

● Good bead appearance.● Few spatters and easy slag removal. ● Ni element contained for improving low

temperature impact toughness and crack resistance.



Gas S

hielde

d Ty

pe F

lux C

ored

Wire

(FC

AW)

Gas S

hielde

d Ty

pe F

lux C

ored

Wire

(FC

AW)

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

◎ Note: 1. Wire extension : 15~25mm (standard range). 2. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min. 3. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.

◎ Note: 1. Wire extension : 15~25mm (standard range).2. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min. 3. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.

A45


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


482 540 29.2 62


C Si Mn P S

0.06 0.39 1.48 0.010 0.010

MXC 76M AWS A5.18M E48C-6MA5.18 E70C-6M

Welding parameters


Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)




200~280 250~280

Shielding Gas 80%Ar+20%CO2 80%Ar+20%CO2

Product Features:● Composite wire for welding of mild and

490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel with Ar + CO2 mixed shielding gas.

● High welding performance, almost no spatter loss.

● Very few slag and easy removed, more higher deposition efciency than similar strength level solid wires.

● Low hydrogen contained in weld metal to get good mechanical properties, crack resistance and impact toughness.



Gas S

hielde

d Ty

pe F

lux C

ored

Wire

(FC

AW)

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

◎ Note: 1. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min.2. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.

B2

Low

Allo

y S

teel

s

1. Low Alloy Steel De nitionAmong alloy steels, when Ni, Cr, Mo, and other alloy elements content consist of less

than 10.5% are de ned as low alloy steels.

2. Company products compatible with low alloy steels• High heat resistance steel (Chromium- Molybdenum Steel)• Low temperature use steel (Nickel Steel)• Weathering Steel• High yield and high tensile strength steel

3. Low alloy steels general description• Chromium-Molybdenum Steel :

This low alloy steel series contains 0.5% ~ 9% Cr and 0.5% ~ 1% Mo. Its carbon content on average is lower than 0.20%, with decent weldability and higher hardening ability due to its alloy trait. The Cr content improves its anti-oxidization and anti-corrosion ability, and Mo enhances its strength in high temperature condition; The steel supplying conditions are generally gone through annealing or normalizing and tempering processes. Chromium-Molybdenum Steel has been widely used in the areas such as petrol chemical industry, steam power equipment, and high temperature services.

• Nickel Steel :The average steel in low temperature environment will have higher strength but

lower elongation and toughness, thus increases the chance for brittle fracture. If the steel is needed in a low temperature environment, having superior low temperature toughness is essential. Any suitable steel for this purpose is called low temperature service steel or Nickel steel. Low Alloy Low Temperature Service Steel is formed by adding 2.5% to 3.5 % of Ni in the carbon steel to enhance its low temperature toughness. Ni can strengthen ferrite matrix while lowering Ar3 (third transformation temperature) which helps with ne grain formation. In addition to the normalizing treatment during the production process of low alloy low temperature service steel, quenching and tempering are also parts of the mechanical properties improvement treatment.

• Weathering Steel : Generally there are two categories of rust prevention methods: one type for

instance, is paint coating, electroplate, ceramic coating, or adding layers of anti-corrosion material, anything to shield the steel surface from corrosive environment. Another type is to use stainless steel or weather steel, meaning adding anti-corrosion alloy elements into the steel. Weathering steel is formed by adding small amounts of Cu, Cr, P, Ni, and other alloy elements into low alloy steel. During the initial application, it will also rust like the average carbon steel; however, after certain period (usually one year) the rustic surface will serve as an impermeable protective cover, preventing the further expansion of rust into inner part of steel.


Low Alloy Steels

Mat

eria

ls G

ener

al R

evie

w

B3

• High Tensile and High Yield Strength Steel :This low alloy steel series are added Mn, Ni, Cr, and Mo etc, can increase strength

of ferrite matrix; improve the hardening tendency; and allow better control of grain size. This type of steel under as welded condition can meet the demand of high strength, corrosion resistance, or improve notch toughness and other mechanical properties.

This steel type has good weld ability with the yield strength from 70 to 120 ksi, and tensile strength from 90 to 150 ksi.

Low Alloy high heat resistant steel (Cr – Mo Steel) Welding Consumables Selection

Steel categoryASTM / ASME standard SMAW

ElectrodeFlux Cored

WireSteel Plate Steel Pipe

0.5%Mo steelA204 Gr. A,B,C

A336 Gr.F1A209 Gr.T1A335 Gr.P1

GL76/78A1 GMX 811A1

0.5%Cr-0.5%Mo steel A387 Gr.2 CI.1,2A213 Gr.T2A335 Gr.P2

GL86/88B1

1.25%Cr-0.5%Mo steelA387 Gr.12 Cl.1,2A387 Gr.11 CI.1,2

A336 Gr.F11

A213 Gr.T11,12A335 Gr.P11,12

A182 Gr.F11GL86/88B2 GMX 811B2

2.25%Cr-1.0%Mo steelA387 Gr.22 CI.1,2

A336 Gr.F22

A213 Gr.T22A335 Gr.P22A182 Gr.F22

GL86/88B3 GMX 911B3

5.0%Cr-0.5%Mo steel A387 Gr.5 CI.1,2 A335 Gr.P5 GL86/88B6

9.0%Cr-1.0%Mo steel A387 Gr.9 CI.1,2 A335 Gr.P9 GL86/88B8

SMAW Electrodes for Chromium-Molybdenum Low Alloy Steels

Low

Allo

y S

teel

sMa

terials

Gen

eral R

eview

&Weld

ing co

nsum

ables

selec

tion

B5 B6

Similar precautions should be taken when welding Chromium-Molybdenum Steel as with high strength steel. However, the following measures require special attentions:Inter-pass temperature, preheat and PWHT-post weld heat treatment.

1. Inter-pass temperature, preheat and PWHT (Post Weld Heat Treatment)For the preheat and post heat temperatures when welding low alloy Chromium- Molybdenum steel, please consult the following table. The widths of the affected area during preheat and post heat is recommended at 5 times of base metal thickness. After welding, post heat annealing treatment is needed in order to eliminate residual stress.

Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT temperature requirement

Note : max. inter-pass temperature≦350°C.

2. Short Arc TechniqueChromium-Molybdenum Steel SMAW Electrodes are mostly classied as low hydrogen type; thus, short arc technique should be observed during welding in order to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss. If weaving is necessary, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times of the core wire diameter. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.

3. For more information, please consult page A6 regarding Welding notes of SMAW Electrode for Mild and High Tensile Strength Steel use.

Welding Notes

GL86B1 GL88B1 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-B1A5.5 E8016(8)-B1

JIS Z 3223 DT2316(8)

GL76A1 GL78A1 AWS A5.5M E4916(8)-A1A5.5 E7016(8)-A1

JIS Z 3223 DT1216


C Si Mn Mo

0.06 0.46 0.79 0.49

Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+

Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~90 100~140 150~190 220~270

Vertical / over head position

50~80 80~110 120~150 —


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.06 0.31 0.76 0.55 0.48


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~180 220~270


50~80 80~120 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)

°C×1hr

570 615 26 620


Yield Strength

N/mm2

Tensile Strength

N/mm2

Elongation%


°C×1hr

600 650 26 690

Steel CategoryPreheat and Inter-pass

Temperature (°C) PWHT Temperature x time

(°C×1hr)

0.5%Mo Steel 95~110 620±15

0.5%Cr-0.5% Mo Steel 1.25%Cr-0.5% Mo Steel 2.25%Cr-1.0% Mo Steel

160~190 690±15

5.0%Cr-0.5% Mo Steel 180~230 740 ±15

9.0%Cr-1.0% Mo Steel 200~250 740 ±15

Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder low

hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy heat resistant steel.

● Approximately 0.5% Mo element contained in all deposited weld metal.

● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.

● Low hydrogen contained in weld metal to get good crack resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of 0.5% Mo

grade heat resistant steel, cast steel such as A335-P1,A336-F1.



● Very low hydrogen contained in weld metal.

● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 0.5% Cr- 0.5%Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.


Applications:● Suitable for welding of 0.5%

Cr-0.5% Mo grade steel such as A387-Gr.2 C1.1&2.

SMAW

Elect

rodes

for Ch

romium

-Moly

bden

um Lo

w Alloy

Stee

lsW

eldi

ng n

otes

SMAW

Elect

rodes

for Ch

romium

-Moly

bden

um Lo

w Alloy

Stee

lsP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B5 welding notes.

◎ Note: 1.300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use. 2.Refer to page B5 welding notes.

B7 B8

GL86B6 GL88B6 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-B6 A5.5 E8016(8)-B6


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.07 0.65 0.81 4.63 0.50


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~200 220~270


50~80 80~110 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


°C×1hr

527 635 24 740


JIS Z 3223 DT2416(8)


JIS Z 3223 DT2316(8)


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.08 0.62 0.80 1.09 0.43


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~180 220~270


50~80 80~120 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


°C×1hr

623 691 20 690


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.07 0.49 0.66 2.28 1.05


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~180 220~270


50~80 80~120 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


°C×1hr

590 671 22 690

GL86B8 GL88B8 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-B8 A5.5 E8016(8)-B8


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.07 0.60 0.63 8.74 0.86


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~200 220~270


50~80 80~110 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


°C×1hr

669 749 20 740




● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 1.1%Cr- 0.5%Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.



Cr-0.5% Mo grade steel such as A387-Gr.12 C1.1&2; A335-Gr.11&12.




● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 2.25%Cr-1.0% Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.



Cr-1.0% Mo grade steel such as JIS STBA24,A387 Gr.22.

Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder type

covered electrode for low alloy heat resistant steel.


● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 5.0%Cr- 0.5%Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.


Applications:● Suitable for welding of ASTM

A387Gr5 and A335Gr.P5 steel and similar grade steels.



● Low hydrogen contained in weld metal to get good crack resistance.

● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 9.0%Cr-1.0 %Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.


Applications:● Suitable for welding of ASTM

A387Gr.9 and A335Gr.P9 steel and similar grade steels.

SMAW

Elect

rodes

for Ch

romium

-Moly

bden

um Lo

w Alloy

Stee

lsP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

SMAW

Elect

rodes

for Ch

romium

-Moly

bden

um Lo

w Alloy

Stee

lsP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use. 2. Refer to page B5 welding notes.




B10

1. Preheat, Inter-pass and Post Weld Heat-Treatment Temperature requirement

max. inter-pass temperature≦350°C.

2. Welding current polarity: Electrode Positive (DC+)

3. Proper usages of shielding gas and ow rate as below :

4. Recommending low electrical currentTo prevent alloy elements burning loss from serious oxidation, welding current should not exceed suggested product limits.

5. For more information, please consult page A40 regarding FCW wire Welding notes for Mild and High Tensile Strength Steel use.

Product namePreheat and Inter-pass

Temperature (°C)PWHT Temperature x Time

(°C×1hr)

GMX 811-A1 150±15 620±15

GMX 811B2, GMX 911B3 175±15 690±15

Type of Shielding Gas Flow Rate L/minDistance between Contact

Tube and Work (mm)

CO2 or 75~80%Ar + CO2 20~25 15~25

Welding Notes

Flux Cored Wire for Chromium- Molybdenum Low Alloy Steels

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r Chro

mium-

Moly

bden

um Lo

w Alloy

Stee

ls W

eldi

ng N

otes

B11 B12

GMX811-A1 AWS A5.29M E551T1-A1CA5.29 E81T1-A1C


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

611 649 23.3


C Si Mn Mo

0.04 0.24 1.04 0.51

Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters

Diameter 1.2 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)



160~220 180~280



C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.06 0.50 0.70 1.22 0.57

GMX811-B2 AWS A5.29M E551T1-B2CA5.29 E81T1-B2C


Diameter 1.2 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)



160~220 180~280



Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

Post Weld Heat Treatment°C /hr

604 679 20.2 690

Product Features:● Titania oxide type ux cored arc welding

wire.● A l l deposi ted weld metal contains

approximately 0.5% Mo elements to get good mechanical property in elevated high temperature.

● Good for RT examination.● High deposition ef ciency.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of 0.5% Mo grade

heat resistant steel.



approximately 1.25 %Cr-0.5 %Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.

● Good for RT examination, good crack resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of 1.0%Cr - 0.5%Mo

and 1.25%Cr - 0.5%Mo steel, such as A335-P12, A355-P11 or similar grade steel.

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r Chro

mium-

Moly

bden

um Lo

w Alloy

Stee

ls P

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r Chro

mium-

Moly

bden

um Lo

w Alloy

Stee

ls P

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: Refer to page B10 welding notes. ◎ Note: Refer to page B10 welding notes.

B13

GMX911-B3 AWS A5.29M 621T1-B3CA5.29 E91T1-B3C


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

Post Heat Weld Treatment°C /hr

578 648 21 690


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.05 0.32 0.51 2.01 1.05

Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)

Diameter 1.2 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)



160~220 180~280


SMAW Electrodes for Nickel Steel (low temperature use)



approximately 2.25 %Cr-1.0 %Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.


Applications:● Suitable for welding of 2.25%Cr - 1%Mo

steel, such as A387 Gr.22 CI.1&2 or similar grade steel.

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r Chro

mium-

Moly

bden

um Lo

w Alloy

Stee

ls P

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: Refer to page B10 welding notes.

B15 B16

Nickel Steel is commonly used on LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) carrier, LPG tank, low temperature service equipment, marine structure, and other low temperature required works. During the welding process, inter-pass temperature needs to be under 150°C.

1. Preheat, inter-pass temperature and PWHT process controlIf the heat input is high, base metal is too thin, or if the inter-pass temperature is too high, the cooling speed of the weld metal will be affected and the weld metal toughness will decrease. The process of preheat, inter-pass, and PWHT temperature and all the welding parameters need to be followed according to the welding procedure speci cation depending the speci c metal thicknesses and steel types.

Nickel Steel Preheat, Inter-pass & PWHT temperature requirement

Note:1.The duration of PWHT temperature should be adjusted base on the thickness of the weldment according to the contract or related codes.

2.PWHT temperature must be tightly controlled; otherwise, the impact toughness will be reduced.

2. Recommending low electrical current (low heat input)Nickel steel mostly has gone through mechanical properties improvement treatment or normalization heat treatment. Welding parameters must be rigidly controlled using low heat input welding to ensure proper weld metal’s alloy element content, strength, impact toughness, and other good properties.

3.short arc welding techniqueNickel Steel SMAW Electrodes are mostly classied as low hydrogen type; thus, short arc technique should be observed during welding in order to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss. If weaving is necessary, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times of the core wire diameter. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.

4. Welding consumables selection

5.Nickel Steel usage temperature range chart :


Steel Category ASTM SMAW Electrode Flux Cored Wire

< 1.0%Nickel Steel A537 Cl 1 or 2

A516 Gr70GL55Ni

GL86C3 / GL88C3GMX811Ni1

2.5%Nickel Steel A203 Gr.A or B GL86C1 / GL88C1 GMX811Ni2 / GMX911Ni2

3.5%Nickel Steel A203 Gr.D or E GL86C2 / GL88C2 —


temperature (°C)PWHT temperature x time

(°C×hr)

GL55Ni, GL86/88C3 95~120 No need

GL86/88C1 95~110 605±15

GL86/88C2 95~110 605±15

Welding Notes

< 1.0% Nickel Steel

2.5% Nickel Steel

3.5% Nickel Steel

-46°C

-60°C

-100°C

Nickel S

teel

SMAW

Elec

trode

s for

Nicke

l Stee

l(low

tempe

rature

use)

Wel

ding

Not

es

SMAW

Elec

trode

s for

Nicke

l Stee

l(low

tempe

rature

use)

Wel

ding

Not

es

B17 B18

GL86C2 GL88C2 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-C2A5.5 E8016(8)-C2

JIS Z 3211 E5516(8)-N7


JIS Z 3211 E5516(8)-N5


C Si Mn Ni

0.05 0.31 0.82 2.38

Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC±

Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270


80~110 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

Impact value

(-60°C) J

Post Weld Heat Treatment

°C /1hr

574 653 27.6 44 620


C Si Mn Ni

0.06 0.46 1.12 3.20


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270


80~110 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

Impact value

(-75°C) J


°C /1hr

677 742 24 44 620


JIS Z 3211 E5516(8)-N2


C Si Mn Ni

0.06 0.60 0.84 0.86


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270


80~110 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%

Impact value

(-40°C) J


°C /1hr

546 620 24.2 80 not defined


hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy low temperature steel (Ni steel).


● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 2.5% Ni elements, good for serving temperature till -60°C.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of low

temperature steel (Ni steel), serving temperature till -60°C.



● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties and crack resistance.










SMAW

Elec

trode

s for

Nicke

l Stee

l(low

tempe

rature

use)

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

SMAW

Elec

trode

s for

Nicke

l Stee

l(low

tempe

rature

use)

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n




B20

1.Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT temperature

Nickel Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature Requirement

2. Welding current polarity: Electrode Positive (DC+).

3. Recommended shielding gas and ow rate chart below :

4.Recommending low electrical current (low heat input)Nickel steel mostly has gone through mechanical properties improvement treatment

or normalization heat treatment. Welding parameters must be rigidly controlled using low heat input welding to ensure proper weld metal’s alloy element content, strength, impact toughness, and other good properties.

5. For more information, please consult page A40 regarding FCW wire Welding notes for Mild and High Tensile Strength Steel use.

Product name (°C×1hr)

Preheat & Inter-pass Temperature (°C)

PWHT Temperature x Time (°C×1hr)

GMX 811-Ni1 150±15 No need

GMX 811-Ni2GMX 911-Ni2

150±15 No need

Type of Shielding Gas (es) Flow Rate L/minDistance between Contact

Tube and Work (mm)

CO2 or 75~80%Ar + CO2 20~25 15~25

Welding Notes

Flux Cored Wire for Nickel Steel (low temperature use)

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r Nick

el Ste

el (lo

w tem

perat

ure us

e) W

eldi

ng N

otes

B21 B22

GMX811-Ni1 AWS A5.29M E551T-Ni1CA5.29 E81T1-Ni1C


C Si Mn Ni

0.04 0.42 0.82 0.95

Size(mm) and recommended welding parameters(A)

Diameter 1.2 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)



160~220 180~280



Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


618 650 24.0 50

GMX811-Ni2 AWS A5.29M E551T1-Ni2CA5.29 E81T1-Ni2C


Diameter 1.2 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)



160~220 180~280



Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


543 608 27.8 78


C Si Mn Ni

0.06 0.43 1.05 2.38

Product Features:● Titania oxide type gas shield flux cored

arc welding wire.● A l l deposi ted weld metal contains

approximately 1.0% Ni elements, good for serving temperature till -30°C.


Applications:● Suitable for welding of low temperature

Ni steel such as A226, A235, A236 for LPG tank.






Ni steel such as A226, A235, A236 for LPG tank.

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r Nick

el Ste

el (lo

w tem

perat

ure us

e) P

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r Nick

el Ste

el (lo

w tem

perat

ure us

e) P

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: 1. Proper cleaning and 150C preheat on base metal before welding.2. Welding procedure detail information such as preheat, inter pass temperature

and welding parameters (welding current, voltage, welding speed and base metal thickness etc..) shall be fully followed.

3. Refer to page B20 welding notes.

◎ Note: 1. Proper cleaning and 150C preheat on base metal before welding.2. Welding procedure detail information such as preheat, inter pass temperature and all

welding parameters ( welding current, voltage, welding speed, base metal thickness etc..) shall be fully followed.


B23

GMX911-Ni2 AWS A5.29M E621T1-Ni2CA5.29 E91T1-Ni2C


Diameter 1.2 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)



160~220 180~280



Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


659 684 22.6 54


C Si Mn Ni Mo

0.03 0.40 1.03 2.26 0.18

SMAW Electrodes for Weathering Steel






Ni steel or LPG tank.

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r Nick

el Ste

el (lo

w tem

perat

ure us

e) P

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: 1. Proper cleaning and 150°C preheat on base metal before welding.2. Welding procedure detail information such as preheat, inter pass temperature

and welding parameters (welding current, voltage, welding speed and base metal thickness etc..) shall be fully followed.


B25 B26

Precautions for welding weathering steels are similar to high tensile strength steel with the exceptions of the following points :

1. Preheat, Inter-Pass, and PWHT temperatureFor low alloy weathering steel’s welding pre-heat and post heat temperature, please

see chart below. The preheating process for smaller weldment can cover the entire body. In a large structure setting, preheat should begin at the welding point covering an area about 5 times the weldment thickness using heating equipment for local preheat. Whether stress relief heat treatment is necessary depends on the contract or the work speci cations.

Low Alloy Weathering Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature Requirement

2. Recommending low electrical current (low heat input) To prevent the burning loss of alloy elements due to serious oxidation, welding current

should not exceed the product recommended limits.

3. Short arc welding techniqueWeathering Steel SMAW Electrodes are mostly classied as low hydrogen type; thus, short arc technique should be observed during welding in order to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss. If weaving is necessary, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times of the core wire diameter. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.


GL88W2 AWS A5.5M E5518-W2 / A5.5 E8018-W2JIS Z 3214 DA5816W


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


513 604 28.7 114


C Si Mn Cr Ni Cu

0.06 0.49 0.70 0.51 0.55 0.51


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


570 660 25 102

GL78W1 AWS A5.5M E4918-W1 / A5.5 E7018-W1JIS Z 3214 DA5016G


C Si Mn Cr Ni Cu

0.06 0.65 0.53 0.24 0.29 0.54


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 70~100 90~140 150~200 220~270


60~90 80~110 120~150 —


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 70~100 90~140 150~200 220~270


60~90 80~110 120~150 —

Low Alloy Weathering Steel of Welding consumables selection

ASTM/JIS G3114 standardSMAW Electrodes Flux Cored Wire

ASTM JIS

A709 Gr. 36A709 Gr. 50W

A588A242

SMA 400PSMA 400WSMA 490PSMA 490W

GL78W1

GMX 811-W2

A588 A709 Gr. 50W

SMA 570PSMA 570W

GL88W2

Product name Inter-pass Temperature (°C) PWHT Temperature x Time (°C×1hr)

GL78W195~120 No need

GL88W2

Welding Notes for Weathering Steel


covered electrode for 490 N/ mm2 grade high tensile strength low alloy weathering steel.

● Weld metal contains Ni, Cr, Cu elements, good for weathering resistance.


Applications:● Suitable for welding of high

tensi le strength weather ing steels such as COR-TEN 50A, 50B and COR-TEN or SMA 50.


covered electrode for 550 N/ mm2 grade high tensile strength low alloy weathering steel.

● Weld metal contains Ni, Cr, Cu elements, good for weathering resistance.



mm2 weathering steelssuch as COR-TEN 60 or SMA 58.

SMAW

Ele

ctro

des

for W

eath

erin

g St

eel

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

SMAW

Ele

ctro

des

for W

eath

erin

g St

eel

Wel

ding

Not

es fo

r Wea

ther

ing

Ste

el

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B25 welding notes.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B25 welding notes.

B28

1.Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature

Low Alloy Weathering Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Requirement

2. Base Metal Surface CleaningGrease, dirt, mill scale, and other lthy byproducts on the base metal surface must be

thorough cleaned in order to avoid welding defects such as blow holes or pits formation.

3. Welding current polarity: Electrode Positive (DC+).

4.Suitable shielding gas and ow rate are recommended as below



6. For more information, please consult page A40 FCW wire welding notes for mild and high tensile strength steel.

Product name(°C×1hr)

Preheat and Inter-pass Temperature (°C)

PWHT Temperature x Time (°C×1hr)

GMX 811-W2 150±15 No need


Tube and Work (mm)

CO2 or 75~80%Ar + CO2 20~25 15~25

Welding Notes

Flux Cored Wire for Weathering Steel

Flux

Cor

ed W

ire fo

r Wea

ther

ing

Ste

elW

eldi

ng N

otes

B29

GMX 811-W2 AWS A5.29M E551T1-W2CA5.29 E81T1-W2C

Size(mm) and recommended welding parameters

Diameter 1.2 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)

Flat / Horizontal position 180~300 200~360


160~220 180~280



Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


607 650 23.1 34


C Si Mn Cr Ni Cu

0.05 0.38 0.81 0.49 0.58 0.56

SMAW Electrodes for High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steels

Product Features:● Titanium oxide type gas shield ux cored

arc welding wire.● Weld metal contains Ni,Cr, Cu elements,

good for weathering resistance. ● Good for RT examination, good

mechanical properties.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of weathering steels

such as ASTM A588, A242 and other weathering steel structures.

Flux

Cor

ed W

ire fo

r Wea

ther

ing

Ste

elP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: 1.Proper cleaning and 150°C preheat on base metal before welding.2.Proper shelter for wind protection.3.Refer to page B28 welding notes.

B31 B32

Special purpose low alloy steel, most commonly in forms of high tensile and high yields strength steels, forms weld metal with extremely low Hydrogen content and excellent low temperature impact toughness (-50°C). It is mostly applicable for high strength or military steel structures such as HY80, HY100, and similar steel types.

1. Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT TemperatureFor low alloy high tensile and high yield strength steel’s welding pre-heat and post heat temperature, please see chart below. The preheating process for smaller weldment can cover the entire body. In a large structure setting, preheat should begin at the welding point covering an area about 5 times the weldment thickness using heating equipment for local preheat.

Low Alloy High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Requirement



3.Short arc welding techniqueHigh tensile and high yield strength steel SMAW Electrodes are mostly classied as low hydrogen type; thus, short arc technique should be observed during welding in order to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss. If weaving is necessary, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times of the core wire diameter. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.

4. For more information, please consult page A6 SMAW Electrode welding notes for mild and high tensile strength steel.

GL108M AWS A5.5M E6918M / A5.5 E10018MJIS Z3211 E6918-N3M2


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


613 687 26.4 61



C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo

0.06 0.74 1.15 0.03 1.59 0.01


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270


80~110 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


650 715 26 60


C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo

0.06 0.32 0.91 0.31 1.46 0.27


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270


80~110 120~150 —



(°C×1hr)

GL98M , GL108MGL118M , GL128M

95~120 No need

Welding Notes

Product Features:● I r on powder low hydrogen

type covered electrode for low alloy high yield and high tensile strength steel.

● Good arc stability, less spatter loss and suitable for all positions.


● Low moisture absorption type covered flux to get good crack resistance.

Applications:● Sui table for welding of 620

N/mm2 grade low alloy steel or similar grade steels on pressure vesse ls and genera l s tee l structures.



● Good arc stability, suitable for all positions.



Applications:● Sui table for welding of 690

N/mm2 grade low alloy steel or similar grade steels on pressure vesse ls and genera l s tee l structures.

SMAW

Elect

rodes

for Hi

gh Te

nsile &

High

Yield

Stren

gth St

eels

Wel

ding

Not

es

SMAW

Elect

rodes

for Hi

gh Te

nsile &

High

Yield

Stren

gth St

eels

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2.Refer to page B31 welding notes.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2.Refer to page B31 welding notes.

B33

GL128M AWS A5.5M E8318M / A5.5 E12018MJIS Z3211 E8318-N4C2M2



Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


684 843 21.8 55


C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo

0.06 0.57 1.61 0.26 1.78 0.41


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270


80~110 120~150 —


Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


825 958 18.2 62


C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo

0.06 0.43 1.67 0.63 2.22 0.43


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270


80~110 120~150 —

Flux Cored Wire for High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steels



● Good arc stability, suitable for all positions.




mm2 grade low alloy steels or similar grade steels on pressure vesse ls and genera l s tee l structures.



● Good arc stability, less spatter loss and suitable for all positions.




mm2 grade low alloy steels or similar grade steels on pressure vesse ls and genera l s tee l structures.

SMAW

Elect

rodes

for Hi

gh Te

nsile &

High

Yield

Stren

gth St

eels

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

◎ Note: 1.300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B31 welding notes.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2.Refer to page B31 welding notes.

B35 B36

1. Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature

Low Alloy High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature Requirement

2. Welding current polarity: Electrode Positive (DC+)

3. Suitable shielding gas and ow rate are recommended as below

4. Recommending low electrical welding current To prevent alloy elements burning loss due to oxidation, using low welding current

is recommended.

5. For more information, please consult page A40 FCW welding notes for mild and high tensile strength steel.

GMX101-K3 AWS A5.29M E691T1-K3CA5.29 E101T1-K3C

Size(mm) and recommended welding parameters

Diameter 1.2 1.6

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)

Flat / Horizontal position 180~300 200~350


160~220 —



Yield StrengthN/mm2


Elongation%


736 767 20.3 48


C Si Mn Ni Mo

0.05 0.34 1.27 1.89 0.49



(°C×1hr)

GMX 101-K3 150±15 No need


Tube and Work (mm)

CO2 or 75~80%Ar + CO2 20~25 15~25

Welding Notes

Product Features:● Flux cored arc welding wire for low alloy

high yield and high tensile strength steel for all positions.

● All deposited weld metal contains 2.0% Ni-0.5% Mo elements, good for welding of low alloy high yield and high tensile strength steel.


Applications:● Suitable for welding of HY-80 or similar

grade steels.

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r High

Tens

ile & H

igh Yi

eld St

rength

Stee

lsW

eldi

ng N

otes

Flux C

ored W

ire fo

r High

Tens

ile & H

igh Yi

eld St

rength

Stee

lsP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: 1. Proper cleaning and 150°C preheat on base metal before welding.2. Keep proper welding current and inter pass temperature to control the heat input (the

higher the heat input, the poor the impact toughness).3. Refer to page B35 welding notes.

C2

SUS: The first “S” stands for Steel, U stands for “Special Use,” and the last “S” represents Stainless.Stainless Steel can resist oxidization because of its surface is covered by a tough lm of Chromium Oxide. If the Cr content is less than 12%, its effect is reduced due to lack of compact protection lm. In addition, when the C content increases, the risk of oxidization is augmented because C easily bond with Cr to form Carbonate Chromium precipitation; which results in lower Cr and hence inferior oxidization resistance. So the typical Stainless Steel, C content is limited under 0.1%, even under 0.03%. Stainless steel applications can be categorized according to its usages such as corrosion resistance, elevated temperature strength decreasing resistance, low temperature toughness decreasing resistance, and etc.

Going by element contents and metallographic, the common stainless steels can be divided into the following three categories: 13 Cr Stainless Steel, martensite type, represented by model SUS410, SUS420. 18 Cr Stainless Steel, ferrite type, represented by model SUS430 18-8 Stainless Steel, austenite type, represented by model SUS304

If we examine the oxidization resistance property, austenite stainless steel > ferrite stainless steel > martensite stainless steel.

If we go by its strength level, then martensite stainless steel > ferrite stainless steel > austenite stainless steel.

• 18-8 series is most popular stainless steel. It has excellent corrosion resistance property, because it contains 18% Cr and 8% Ni. The lattice between Ni and Fe is very close and enhance an adhesiveness of Cr oxide lm on to the matrix. If the lattice between Ni and Fe is space out, this result in poor adhesiveness of Cr oxide.

• When the Ni content reaches 8%, the microstructure will become oxidation resisting austenite structure. The reason is that austenite has single phase multi-angular grain structure; thus its grain boundary is impervious to porosity and lead to good oxidation resistance.

• Austenite structure will form when it is heated to phase transformation temperature or above; however, adding element Ni allows the microstructure to maintain face centered cubic austenite structure in room temperature.

Categoryquenching property

oxidization resistance property

elevated temperature

strength

low temperature toughness

weld-ability

magnetic induc-tance

austenite stainless steel

none superior superior superior superior none

ferrite stainless steel

none superior inferior inferior inferior yes

martensite stainless steel

yes inferior Good inferior inferior yes

Stainless Steel

Material General Review

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Ma

teri

al

Ge

ne

ral

Re

vie

w

C3 C4

The Correlation between Weldability and Microstructure

Martensite Stainless Steel

• SUS410 or SUS 420 types of Martensite Stainless Steel contains about 11~13.5% Cr, which is similar to Low Carbon Steel with magnetic inductance characteristic. During welding process, there is concern of arc blow. It is with higher electrical resistance and lower thermal conductivity coef cient than the normal carbon steel; The brittle structure will be formed by quick cooling.

• To prevent HAZ (Heat Affect Zone) to form hard and brittle structure, which means susceptibility to shrinkage stress and hydrogen inclusion, pre-heating and inter pass temperature must be controlled according to the base metal’s carbon content along with the consideration of the size of weldment, the restriction level, and the ller metal chemical composition.

• The average weldment needs the treatment of 200~400°C of preheat and sustain inter- pass temperature at this level, and 700~800°C of post heat so as to allow a more gradual cooling rate for the weld metal and HAZ which result in less shrinkage stress while allowing more atomic hydrogen to escape in order to achieve better elongation of weld metal.

Ferrite Stainless Steel

• SUS 430 Ferrite stainless steel contains about 15~18% Cr, which is much more than Maternsitic Stainless Steel, and its C content is usually limited under 0.12%. If the C content exceeds 0.20%, it is then classi ed as AISI 431 Matensite Stainless Steel.

• The positive characters of Ferrite Stainless Steel is its soft texture, good elongation, good machining-ability and corrosion resistance, no hardening occurrence due to processing or welding. Besides the similarity with carbon steel and Martensite Stainless steel, there are concerns of the magnetic inductance and arc blow.

• When HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) is heated to melting point around, that will result in grain coarsening which leads to embrittle ; thus, 150°C of preheat is necessary before welding. During the welding process, never stay at the range of embrittlement temperature 400~565°C, especially 475°C, and the weldment should not be overheated also.

• No microstructure transformation for Ferrite Stainless Steel due to its composition, so it is impossible to process ne grain treatment. When it is heated over 930°C, the ferrite will suffer grain coarsening, and embrittlement because of losing its elongation and toughness.

• Ferrite Stainless Steel has few matching standard welding consumables with emphasis mostly on corrosion resistance property and linear expansion coef cient which means the selection of 309, 310, 312 and other austenite stainless steel for welding.

Austenite Stainless Steel

• Austenite Stainless Steel contains many beneficial traits such as high corrosion resistance, machinability, and weldability, which makes it widely popular. 300 series dominates the usage (with minor demand for 200 series). This stainless steel elemental content contains about 15~32% of Cr, Ni 8~37%, and dominates the overall stainless steel demand with over 90% usage. SUS 304 ( 18Cr – 8Ni steel) is one of the most common type.

• Austenite Stainless Steel can retain proper strength and corrosion resistibility regardless of low or high temperature with weldment usage in as welded condition.

• Austenite Stainless Steel does not suffer from magnetic inductance and arc blow during welding process. Series 310, 320 and 330 are full austenite structure which means complete immunity to magnetic inductance; 312 weld metal contains approximately 25% ferrite with obvious magnetic inductance; 304 (L), 309 (L), 347 and likes contain low amount of ferrite which means low but some magnetic inductance. Austenite Stainless Steel with lower alloy content, which suffers from full anneling, such as 304 steel, could have magnetism from cold working.

• Compare to the average carbon steel, low alloy steel or 400 series stainless steel, Austenite Stainless Steel has lower melting point, higher electrical resistance and lower heat conduction coef cient (about 1/3 of average carbon steel); which mean high heat concentration in the welding zone, but with heat expansion coef cient 50% over average; thus is more susceptible to deform due to welding heat and hence requires low heat input welding.

• It has the best weldability because lack of quenching hardening issue. However if the temperature remains between 550 ~ 800°C, the weldment will lose its oxidation resistance due to carbonate chromium precipitation. Choosing low carbon content filler metal when welding in combination of low heat input welding can signi cantly lower carbonate chromium precipitation.In addition to the above described three types, there are precipitation hardened type and duplex phases type stainless steel.

* Precipitation hardened type stainless steel: Major elements are Cr and Ni (Cr accounted for 17%; Ni is 4%) under the category of 600 series stainless steel (like SUS 630). Duplex phases type stainless steel: Main elemental components are Cr, Ni, and Mo (22% of Cr, 9% of Ni, and 3 % of Mo). Since its microstructure contains ferrite and austenite, hence the name duplex phases type stainless steel (such as Alloy 2205).

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Ma

teri

al

Ge

ne

ral

Re

vie

w

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Ma

teri

al

Ge

ne

ral

Re

vie

w

C5 C6

Base metalClassi cation

(major element composition) %

Covered Electrode

MIG / TIGFlux Cored

Wire

SAW – Submerged arc

welding wire

304 18Cr-8NiG308

G308MGM308GT308

GMX308L GMX308L-O

GS308GS308L

304L18Cr-8Ni-low

carbon contentG308L

NT308LGM308LGT308L

GMX308L GMX308L-O

GS308L

309S 23Cr-12NiG309 G309L

GM309GT309

GMX309L GMX309L-O

GS309GS309L

310S 25Cr-20Ni G310GM310GT310

312 30Cr-9.5Ni G312GM312GT312

316 18Cr-8Ni-2.5Mo G316GM316GT316

GMX316L GMX316L-O

GS316GS316L

316L18Cr-8Ni-2.5Mo-low

carbon contentG316L

GM316LGT316L

GMX316L GMX316L-O

GS316L

31718Cr-13Ni-

3.5MoG317

GM317GT317

347 18Cr-8Ni-Nb G347GM347GT347

321 18Cr-8Ni-Ti G347GM347GT347

410 13Cr G410GM410GT410

430 18Cr G430GM430GT430

Note : G307 and G307M listed on catalog are mainly used on dissimilar metals between Mn steel and cast steel or steel forging welding, not available for welding on stainless steel.

Base metal201202

304304L

309309S

310310S

317316

317L316L316Ti

321347

409430446

410420

Carbon Steels

and Low Alloy

Steels

201202

347308L

347308L

347309LMo

347310

309LMo

318347

308L316L347

347347

309LMo309LMo

309L309LMo

304304L

347308L

347309LMo

308L309L

347310308L

347318308L

347318308L

347308L

309LMo309L 309MoL

309LMo309L

309309S

309LMo309L

309LMo309L310

309LMo318316309L

309L316L318

347309LMo

309LMo309L

309LMo309L

309LMo309L

310310S

310316L318310

316L318310

347310

309LMo309L316L

309LMo309L310

309LMo309L310

317316

318316L

316L318

347316L

309LMo309L

309LMo309L

309LMo309L

317L316L316Ti

316L318

347316L

309LMo309L

309LMo309L

309LMo309L

321347

347309LMo

309L309LMo

309L309LMo309L

409430446

309L309LMo

309LMo309L

309LMo309L

410420

410309LMo

309L

309LMo309

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Weldi

ng C

onsu

mable

s Sele

ction

(diss

imila

r bas

e meta

l)

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Weldi

ng C

onsu

mable

s Sele

ction

(sim

ilar b

ase m

etal)

Welding Consumables Selection (similar base metal) Welding Consumables Selection (dissimilar base metal)

C8

1. Recommending low electrical current (low heat input and low dilution rate) of avoiding sensitization due to carbonate chromium precipitation in the HAZ (Heat Affected Zone).

2. To control the welding current within the recommended range for avoiding of core wire overheat and coating peeling off.

3. Short arc welding technique to prevent N2 and O2 into arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss, excessive spatter occurrence and detrimental of weld metal microstructure.

4. To keep weaving width 3 times of core wire diameter as maximum while necessary.

5. Recommending to use jigs, fixtures or proper welding sequence to limit welding deformation.

6. 200~250°C x 1 hr baking prior to use. Proper cleaning of welding groove or joint surface before welding and complete removal of spatter after welding.

7. To follow welding parameter described in welding procedure speci cation (groove type, weldment thickness, welding current and voltage range, etc) to guaranty the quality.

8. Recommending pre-heat and inter-pass temperatures table :

9. The polarity illustration :DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity.DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity.

Steel Type Pre-heat Temperature Inter pass Temperature

Austenite Type 15ºC (60ºF) 150ºC (300ºF)

Martensite Type 200ºC (400ºF) 310ºC (600ºF)

Ferrite Type 150ºC (300ºF) 260ºC (500ºF)

SMAW Electrodes

Welding Notes

SM

AW

Ele

ctr

od

es

Wel

ding

Not

es

C9 C10



Elongation%

630 42

G307M AWS A5.4 E307-26JIS Z 3221 ES307-26


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.04 0.53 3.74 9.30 18.80 0.75

G307 AWS A5.4 E307-16JIS Z 3221 ES307-16


Diameter / Length 2.0/250 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350

Flat position 30~50 60~85 85~120 115~150


30~50 50~75 75~105 95~120


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 100~140 150~190 200~270


80~110 120~160 160~190


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.08 0.40 4.25 9.8 19.62 0.70

G308L AWS A5.4 E308L-16JIS Z 3221 ES308L-16

G308 AWS A5.4 E308-16JIS Z 3221 ES308-16



Elongation%

576 45.2


Diameter / Length

2.0/250 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position

30~50 60~85 85~120 115~150 140~180


30~50 50~75 75~105 95~130 —


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.04 0.81 0.77 9.70 19.19 0.03



Elongation%

556 47.7


Diameter / Length

2.0/250 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position

30~50 60~85 85~120 115~150 140~180


30~50 50~75 75~105 95~130 —


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.03 0.80 0.66 9.80 19.3 0.02



Elongation%

618 40

Product Features:● More higher Mn content than

308, austenite structure weld metal.

● High work hardening tendency, no magnetism.

● Good crack resistance, easy slag removal and less spatter loss.

● High welding performance, good arc stability.

Applications:● Suitable for dissimilar metal

welding on manganese steel to carbon steel castings or forgings.

Product Features:● More higher Mn content than

308, austenite structure weld metal.

● Mild steel cored wire for standing higher welding current and heat.

● Good crack resistance, easy slag removal and less spatter loss.



Product Features:● Lime Titanium oxide type

stainless steel covered electrode.● All deposited weld metal contains

approximately 19%Cr,9%Ni content elements to get austenite structure.

● Easy slag removal and less spatter loss.

● Good crack and corrosion resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of SUS304,

302 and 305 stainless steels.

Product Features:● Low carbon lime Titanium oxide

type covered electrode for low carbon content stainless steel.

● Good arc stability, easy slag removal and less spatter loss.

● Good bead appearance, crack resistance and corrosion resistance.


carbon content 18Cr-8Ni stainless steel such as SUS304 and 304L.

SM

AW

Ele

ctr

od

es

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

SM

AW

Ele

ctr

od

es

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.




C11 C12



Elongation%

585 42

G309 AWS A5.4 E309-16JIS Z 3221 ES309-16

G308M AWS A5.4 E308-26JIS Z 3221 ES308-26


Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 110~150 150~190 200~270


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


50~75 75~105 95~120 —


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.05 0.56 0.69 9.80 19.10


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.05 0.72 1.20 13.40 23.70



Elongation%

612 37

G309MoL AWS A5.4 E309LMo-16JIS Z 3221 ES309LMo-16


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.03 0.72 1.20 13.40 23.70




Elongation%

570 39


Diameter / Length

2.0/250 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position

40~60 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


— 50~75 75~105 95~120 —



Elongation%

650 40


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.03 0.63 1.25 12.94 22.89 2.03


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position 50~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


50~80 75~105 95~120 —

Product Features:● High welding efciency, austenite

structure type stainless steel covered electrode.

● Mild steel cored wire for standing higher welding current and heat.

● Good arc stability and good for at and horizontal welding positions.


302,305 stainless steel.

Product Features:● All deposited weld metal contains

approximately 23%Cr-13%Ni elements stainless steel covered electrode.

● Austenite weld metal contains adequate ferrite numbers to get very low crack sensitivity.

● Good heat and corrosion resistance.

Applications:● Welding of SUS 309S stainless

steel.● Welding of Carbon steel or other

high hardening alloy steels to stainless steel.

● Cladding or welding of stainless steel to carbon steel or low alloy steel.

Product Features:● All deposited weld metal contains

approximately 23%Cr-13%Ni elements type covered electrode for low carbon content stainless steel.

● Austenite weld metal contains adequate ferrite numbers to provide low crack sensitivity.


Applications:● Welding of SUS 309L stainless

steel.● Welding of Carbon steel or other

high hardening alloy steels to stainless steel (low carbon).

● Cladding or welding of stainless steel ( low carbon) to carbon steel or low alloy steel.


electrode for low carbon content stainless steel

● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 2.5%Mo to get better strength, acid and heat resistance than 309L .

● Adequate Ferri te content to provide low crack sensitivity.

Applications:● Welding of SUS 309MoL

stainless steels.● Cladding or welding of SUS316,

316L stainless steel to carbon steel or low alloy steel.

SM

AW

Ele

ctr

od

es

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

SM

AW

Ele

ctr

od

es

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n





C13 C14

G312 AWS A5.4 E312-16JIS Z 3221 ES312-16


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.10 0.80 1.11 10.26 28.8

G310 AWS A5.4 E310-16JIS Z 3221 ES310-16


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.10 0.33 1.63 21.73 27.28 0.07



Elongation%

819 23.3



Elongation%

569 38.8


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


50~75 75~105 95~130 —


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


50~75 75~105 95~130 —


G316 AWS A5.4 E316-16JIS Z 3221 ES316-16


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.04 0.70 0.85 12.29 18.0 2.37


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.02 0.71 0.63 12.38 17.91 2.37



Elongation%

560 41.7



Elongation%

580 41.2


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


50~75 75~105 95~130 —


Diameter / Length

2.0/300 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position

40~60 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


— 50~75 75~105 95~130 —

Product Features:● L i m e t i t a n i u m o x i d e t y p e

stainless steel covered electrode. ● A l l deposi ted fu l l austeni te

structure weld metal contains approximately 25%Cr, 20%Ni elements to get good corrosion/heat resistance, better toughness than high hardening tendency 13%Cr steel.

Applications:● Welding of SUS310 stainless

steel. ● Welding of Cr-Mo steel.● Welding of 13%Cr steel.

Product Features:● All deposited weld metal

contains approximately 29%Cr-9%Ni elements with higher ferrite content than others.

● Higher Cr content in weld metal than others to get good oxidation and crack resistance.

Applications:● Welding of 29%Cr-9%Ni

stainless steel castings.● Suitable for dissimilar metal

welding of stainless steel to low alloy steel or high Ni stainless steels.


electrode for 316 stainless steel, deposited weld metal contains approximately 18%Cr-12%Ni-2%Mo elements.

● Austenite structure weld metal, good heat, corrosion and crack resistance.

● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good crevice corrosion resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of severe

acid and high heat resistance required SUS316 stainless steel.

Product Features:● L i m e t i t a n i u m o x i d e t y p e

covered electrode for 316 low carbon content stainless steel, deposited weld metal contains approximately 18%Cr-12%Ni-2%Mo elements.

● Austenite structure weld metal, good heat, corrosion and crack resistance, better inter-granular corrosion resistance than 316.

● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good crevice corrosion resistance.


acid and high heat resistance required SUS316L stainless steel.

SM

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C15 C16

G347 AWS A5.4 E347-16JIS Z 3221 ES347-16

G317 AWS A5.4 E317-16JIS Z 3221 ES317-16


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.03 0.83 0.69 12.69 19.05 3.81



Elongation%

643 37.6



Elongation%

602 51.7


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


50~75 75~105 95~130 —


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


50~75 75~105 95~130 —


C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb

0.04 0.89 0.79 9.50 19.28 0.49

G2209 AWS A5.4 E2209-16JIS Z 3221 ES2209-16

G410 AWS A5.4 E410-16JIS Z 3221 ES410-16


C Si Mn Cr

0.09 0.83 0.35 12.83



Elongation%

542 29


Diameter / Length 2.6/250 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


50~75 75~105 95~130 —


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo N

0.03 0.58 0.77 9.4 23.4 3.35 0.22



Elongation%

856 26


Diameter / Length 2.6/250 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200


50~75 75~105 95~130 —


electrode for stainless steel, deposited weld metal contains approximately18%Cr-12%Ni-3.5%Mo elements.

● Weld metal contain higher Mo to get better pitting,crevice corrosion and heat resistance than 316.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of SUS 317.

Product Features:● Austenite weld metal contains

adequate ferrite to get low crack sensitivity.

● Weld metal contains Nb element to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.

● Good high temperature creep strength, acid and heat resistance.

Applications:● Welding of SUS321 to 304L,

309,309S.● Welding of SUS347, 348 to

304L, 308, 309, 310S, 316, 317 and 321, etc.

Product Features:● Martensite structure weld

metal, self-hardening and good magnetism at room temperature.

● Good oxidation and corrosion resistance.

● 840~870°C Post Weld Heat treatment to improve ductility and good corrosion resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of 13%Cr

martensite stainless steels such as SUS410, 420J, 420J2.

Product Features:● Lime Titanium oxide type

covered electrode for duplex stainless steel.

● Weld metal contains approximately 22% Cr- 9%Ni- 3% Mo-0.15N elements.

● High tensile strength, good pitting, stress corrosion and crack resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of duplex

stainless steel contains 22%Cr such as SUS 2205.

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C18

Shielding gas is mainly consist of Ar, He and Ar +He mixing gases etc. Used in the semi-auto welding process with welding wire as consumable electrode which is normally called MIG Welding Process. It produces little welding spatter, stable arc, good welding appearance and good mechanical properties in the weld metal.

1. Electrical PolarityDC+ (DC Reverse Polarity) : Normally useDC– (DC Straight Polarity) : Thin work

2. Shielding GasAr + 1~2% O2 or 5% CO2 is the recommended shielding gas because small amount of O2 or CO2 allows metal droplet to produces better wetting effect and evener arc heat. However, due to concern for carbonization, limiting O2 content to 2% or CO2 content to 5% is suggested. Due to the high price of He, it is rarely used unless speci ed or under contract.

3. Arc LengthSpray arc transfer on stainless steel MIG welding process can produce the most appropriate arc length through the idea arc voltage adjustment.

4. Wind protectionProper shelter for outdoor welding and proper ventilation & air ow exchange for indoor welding.

5. Pulse Arc WeldingSome welding equipment allows pulsing function, which creates various high or low interchanging weave formations, during current at pulse peak which becomes spray arc transfer achieving proper fusion, under the condition of low current in current at base, the absent of droplet transfer (short arc transfer) allows weld pool to cool off. In the case of vertical or overhead welding, the metal droplet will not fall which is bene cial to full position welding.

MIG．TIG Wire/Rod

Welding Notes (MIG)

MIG

．TIG

Wire

/Rod

Wel

ding

Not

es (

MIG

)

C19 C20

Welding Notes (TIG)

TIG welding is commonly used in full penetration pipe butt welding at root pass or thin plate welding, producing almost no welding spatter and excellent bead appearance. It is widely used in high quality or high precision projects.

Precautionary observable measures during welding :1. Electrical Polarity

DC–: Must use, DCEN (tungsten electrode negative), DC straight polarity

2. Shielding GasAr is the commonly used shielding gas with TIG, If higher arc heat is desired, usage of He or a mixture of Ar + He should be considered since the higher He ratio produces higher arc heat. Gas ow rate recommendation : Welding current 100~200A, ow rate 7~15 L/min Welding current 200~300A, ow rate 12~20 L/min

3. Tungsten electrode extension4~5 mm in common use, 2~3mm for corner joint or jobs with lesser air ow shielding, 5~6mm for joint with narrow and deep groove.


5. Arc Length1~3mm in normal application.

GM308 GT308 AWS A5.9 ER308JIS Z 3321 YS308

GM307 AWS A5.9 ER307

Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)

C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.09 0.42 4.22 9.70 20.0 085



Elongation%

660 38

MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+


Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300



Elongation%

620 42


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.04 0.34 1.92 9.6 20.10

MIG Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters; DC+

Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6


TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–

Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000

Product Features:● Good arc stability and easy to

melt together with base metal.● Good crack resistance, high work

hardening tendency and none-magnetism.

● Good bead appearance.



Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)

Product Features:● Good arc stability and easy to

melt together with base metal.● Austenite weld metal contains

adequate ferrite numbers to provide low crack sensitivity.

● Good bead appearance.


302, 305.


MIG

．TIG

Wire

/Rod

Pro

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MIG

．TIG

Wire

/Rod

Wel

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Not

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)

◎ Note: refer to page C18 welding notes.

◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.

C21 C22

Product Features:● Full austenite structure weld

metal, good corrosion and heat resistance, better toughness than high hardening tendency 13%Cr steel.

Applications:● Welding of SUS310 stainless

steel.● Welding of Cr-Mo steels.● Welding of 13%Cr steel.


Product Features:● Low carbon content, Austenite

weld metal contains adequate ferrite, good heat and crack resistance.

Applications:● Cladding or welding of stainless

steel to carbon steel or low alloy steel.


GM309 GT309

GM308L GT308L AWS A5.9 ER308LJIS Z 3321 YS308L



Elongation%

600 43


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.03 0.32 1.63 10.10 20.20


Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6


AWS A5.9 ER309JIS Z 3321 YS309



Elongation%

600 43


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.03 0.32 1.63 13.3 23.70


Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6



Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000


Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000





Elongation%

570 43


Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6



C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.02 0.34 1.65 13.6 23.40


Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000



Elongation%

590 41


Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6



C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.11 0.30 1.52 20.5 25.4


Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000

Product Features:● Low carbon content in weld

metal to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.

Applications:● Sui table for welding of low

carbon content 18%Cr-8%Nistainless steel (SUS304 or SUS 304L).


Product Features:● Austenite weld metal contains

adequate ferrite numbers to provide low crack sensitivity.


Applications:● Welding of SUS 309S stainless

steel.● Welding of carbon steel or other

high hardening alloy steels to stainless steel.

● Cladding or welding of stainless steel to carbon steel or low alloy steel.


MIG

．TIG

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C23 C24

GM316 GT316




Elongation%

700 34


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.12 0.41 1.37 9.1 30.2


Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6


AWS A5.9 ER316JIS Z 3321 YS316



Elongation%

580 38


Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6



Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000


Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.04 0.40 1.48 13.5 18.8 2.7





Elongation%

560 43


Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6



Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000



Elongation%

630 39


Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6



Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.02 0.39 1.58 12.7 19.2 2.31


C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb

0.06 0.44 1.83 9.7 20.1 0.85

Product Features:● Austenite structure weld metal

contains higher ferrite than other stainless steels.

● Higher Cr content in weld metal than others to get good oxidation and crack resistance.

Applications:● Welding of 29%Cr-9%Ni

stainless steel castings.● Suitable for dissimilar metal

welding of stainless steel to low alloy steels or high Ni stainless steels.


Product Features:● Austenite structure weld metal,

good of heat, corrosion and crack resistance.

● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good inter-granular crevice corrosion resistance.




Product Features:● Austenite structure weld metal,

good heat, corrosion and crack resistance, better inter-granular corrosion resistance than 316.

● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good inter-granular crevice corrosion resistance.




Product Features:● Austenite structure weld metal

contains adequate ferrite to get low crack sensitivity.

● Weld metal contains Nb element to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.

● Good high temperature creep strength, acid and heat resistance.

Applications:● SUS321 to 304L, 309, 309S● SUS347, 348 to 304L, 309● SUS310S, 316, 317, 321


MIG

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◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes. ◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.


C25 C26




Elongation%


630 39 850°Cx2hr


C Si Mn Cr

0.10 0.35 0.55 13.1


Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6


TIG size Wire diameter/length; DC–

Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000


Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000

GT430 AWS A5.9 ER430JIS Z 3321 YS430


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.05 0.25 0.45 0.45 16.9



Elongation%


480 34 770°Cx2hr

GT630 AWS A5.9 ER630


Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2

Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000



Elongation%


1100 15

1030°C× 1hr Air Temperature

+620°Cx 4hr Air Temperature


C Si Mn Ni Cr Cu Nb

0.03 0.45 0.61 4.59 16.1 3.50 0.19

Product Features:● Martensite structure weld metal,

self-hardening and magnetism at room temperature.

● Good oxidation and corrosion resistance.

● 840~870°C Post Weld Heat treatment to improve ductility and corrosion resistance.


martensite stainless steel such as SUS410, 420J, 420J2.


Product Features:● Ferrite structure weld metal.● Good high temperature

creep strength, acid and heat resistance.


stainless steel such as SUS430.

Shielding gas : ● 100%Ar

Product Features:● Precipitation hardening type

stainless steel TIG wire.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of 17-4 PH

type corrosion and abrasion resistant steel.

Shielding gas : ● 100%Ar

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C28

SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) is suitable when demanding high quality and high ef cient applications. Depending on the selection of ux, the Si content in stainless steel SAW weld metal tends to be higher than in other welding process to lead heat shrinkage or cracking, therefore it is not appropriate for full austenite stainless steel or stainless steel with ferrite number under 4 FN such as 310.

1. Groove Typea. Groove type referred to the chart below:

b. Double sided groove for thick work to prevent deformation.c. Proper control welding parameters to result easy slag removal.

2. Welding Parametersa. Welding parameters like welding current and voltage, welding speed, wire diameter shall

proceed according to welding procedure speci cation. In principle, high electrical current must be avoided to prevent detriment of weld metal mechanical properties and excessive deformation etc.

b. When comparing to low carbon steel, stainless steel has lower heat conducting rate, higher electrical resistance to have 25~30% melting rate and lower melting point along with deeper penetration when dealing with the same groove type. So its required welding current is only 80% that of low carbon steel.

c. Wire extension length greatly affects the melting rate, arc stability, bead appearance and mechanical properties etc; careful scrutiny of tip wear condition is essential in order to achieve good welding results.

3. Precautionary MeasuresTo apply low heat input welding for preventing the produce of Chromium Carbide

precipitation resulting hot crack due to sluggish cooling rate.Proper groove width for better controlling the weld metal Ferrite content (≥ 5FN).

I Groove Y Groove V Groove Double Y Groove

Combined Type of V and U Groove

Single U Groove

SAW – Submerged Arc Welding Wire

Welding Notes

SAW

– S

ubm

erge

d A

rc W

eldi

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ireW

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otes

C29

GS308 GS308L AWS A5.9 ER308(L)JIS Z 3324 YS308(L)

Typical chemical composition of wire (wt%)

Wire diameter (mm) C Si Mn Ni Cr

308 0.05 0.48 1.95 9.7 19.9

308L 0.03 0.47 1.41 10.2 19.8



Wire diameter (mm) C Si Mn Ni Cr

309 0.06 0.45 1.64 13.5 24.3

309L 0.03 0.40 1.45 13.4 24.2



Wire diameter (mm)

C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

316 0.05 0.54 1.60 13.3 19.7 2.29

316L 0.03 0.52 1.55 13.2 19.7 2.32

Flux Cored Wire


302, 305.

Applications:● SUS309S● Carbon steels, low alloy steels to

stainless steels.● Hardening type alloy steels to

stainless steels.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of SUS316/

316L.

SAW

– S

ubm

erge

d A

rc W

eldi

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tion




C31 C32

Unique characteristics:1. Stainless steel flux cored wire has deposition rate of 2~4 times of covered electrode.

The deposition efciency is about 90%.2. Easier adjustment of welding parameters than solid wire.3. Minimal welding spatter produced, easy slag removal and good bead appearance. 4. High arc stability, easy to pass RT examination.

1. Shielding GasCO2 or Ar + 20~25% CO2 mixed gas, depending on wire classi cation.Proper ow rate: 20~25 L/min.

2. Wire Extensiona. Wire diameter 0.9 mm: 15~20 mm Wire diameter 1.2 & 1.6 mm: 15~25 mmb.Improper extension will cause improper shielding and result blow hole, incomplete fusion

and other welding defects.c.For self shield type, please refer to individual product features.


4. Welding FumesUsers must observe safety regulations and warning signs while follow proper precautionary procedures.

5. Welding Wire Storage RequirementsGood ventilation storage area for unopened welding wire, plastic bag covered with desiccant for opened but un nished welding wire.

6. Welding parameter and Deposition rate (reference data)

GMX308L AWS A5.22 E308LT1-1JIS Z 3323 TS308L-FC1



Elongation%

573 39.3


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.03 0.60 1.59 9.87 19.18


Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm

Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)

Flat/ Horizontal position 150~250 200~300


100~140 —


wire dia.(mm)

welding current(A)

welding voltage(V)

deposition rate(Kg/hr)

extension (mm)

1.2

150180200220250

24~2625~2726~2827~2928~30

2.33.03.64.24.8

15~25

1.6

200220240280300

28~3029~3129~3131~3331~34

3.03.63.95.05.5

Welding Notes

Product Features:● Rutile type gas shield flux cored arc

welding wire, austenite structure weld metal.

● Smooth arc, low spatter loss and easy slag removal.

● Low carbon content in weld metal to get good crack and inter-granular corrosion resistance.

● Good bead appearance.● Easy to get Smooth llet weld size.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of stainless steels

such as SUS301, 302, 304, 304L and 305.

Gas

Shi

elde

d Ty

pe F

lux

Cor

ed W

ireP

rodu

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Intr

oduc

tion

Gas

Shi

elde

d Ty

pe F

lux

Cor

ed W

ireW

eldi

ng N

otes

◎ Note: 1.Use general CO2 welding machine with proper feed roller pressure.2.Refer to page C31 welding notes.

C33 C34

GMX308L-O AWS A5.22 E308LT0-3JIS Z 3323 TS308L-FN0



Elongation%

563 43


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.03 0.48 1.50 9.8 19.8


Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.4mm


Ampere (A) 170~280 200~300 250~450

wire extension (mm) 15~30 20~30 25~35

Shielding Gas Self Shield Self Shield Self Shield

GMX309L AWS A5.22 E309LT1-1JIS Z3323 TS309L-FC1



Elongation%

619 35.4


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.04 0.32 1.43 12.70 23.78



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)



100~140 —


Product Features:● Self shield type ux cored arc welding

wire.● Smooth arc, low spatter loss and easy

slag removal.● Good bead appearance, shallow

penetration, especially suitable for cladding or buildup.

● High deposition ef ciency.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of stainless steels

such as SUS301, 302, 304, 304L and 305.



● Low spatter loss and easy slag removal.● High welding performance, austenite

weld metal contains adequate ferrite numbers to get good crack resistance.

● Low carbon content in weld metal to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.

● Smooth llet weld size.

Applications:● Welding of SUS 309L stainless steel.● Welding of carbon steels or other high

hardening alloy steels to stainless steels (low carbon).

● Cladding or welding of stainless steels to carbon steels or low alloy steels.

Gas

Shi

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d Ty

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Cor

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Intr

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Gas

Shi

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d Ty

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Cor

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Intr

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◎ Note: 1.Use general CO2 welding machine with proper feed roller pressure. 2.Refer to page C31 welding notes.

◎ Note: 1.Use general CO2 welding machine with proper feed roller pressure.2.Refer to page C31 welding notes.

C35 C36

GMX309L-O AWS A5.22 E309LT0-3JIS Z3323 TS309L-FN0



Elongation%

619 35.4


C Si Mn Ni Cr

0.04 0.32 1.43 12.70 23.78




Ampere (A) 160~250 200~300 250~450

wire extension (mm) 15~30 20~30 25~35

Shielding Gas Self Shield Self Shield Self Shield

GMX309LMo AWS A5.22 E309LMoT1-1JIS Z3323 TS309LMo-FC1



Elongation%

559 38


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.03 0.55 1.55 13.5 23.8 2.42



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)



90~130 —


Product Features:● Self shield type ux cored arc welding

wire.● Smooth arc, low spatter loss and easy

slag removal.● Smooth and Good bead appearance,

shallow penetration suitable for cladding or buildup.

Applications:● Welding of SUS 309L stainless steel and

dissimilar metal welding of carbon steels to stainless steels.

● Dissimilar metal welding of high hardening alloy steels to stainless steels.

● Cladding or welding of stainless steels to carbon steels or low alloy steels.



● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good high temperature strength, good crack and inter-granular corrosion resistance.

● Low spatter loss and easy slag removal.

Applications:● Dissimilar metal welding of SUS316L to

carbon steels or low alloy steels.● Cladding of SUS316, 316L to carbon

steels and low alloy steels.

Gas

Shi

elde

d Ty

pe F

lux

Cor

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ireP

rodu

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Intr

oduc

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Gas

Shi

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Cor

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C37

GMX316L AWS A5.22 E316LT1-1JIS Z3323 TS316L-FC1



Elongation%

550 42


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.03 0.50 1.45 12.4 18.9 2.35



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere (A)



90~130 —




● Smooth arc, low spatter loss and easy slag removal.

● High welding performance, weld metal contains adequate ferrite to get good crack resistance.

● Low carbon content in weld metal to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.

● Good low temperature impact toughness and corrosion resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of severe acid and

high heat resistance required SUS316 stainless steel.

Gas

Shi

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Cor

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Intr

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D2

Hardfacing process is the most economical way to allow a work to achieve maximum application and usage longevity. As it name suggests, hardfacing is to build up upon the softer base metals’ surface one or multi-layers of hardfacing alloys according to speci c needs.

There are commonly three types of welding process to restore abrasive of wear out work :

1. Build-upIf the project base metal suffers great abrasion, use the proper ller metal to restore

the base metal back to its original dimension on the working piece prior to hardfacing welding.

2. ButteringWhen the ller metal for hardfacing layer and the base metal’s mechanical properties

along with physical property have great variation, it is difficult to weld the two together; hence, it is essential to select the proper ller metal for the project base metal to serve as a buffer in reducing the incompatibility.

3. HardfacingHardfacing also known as surface hardening welding is achieved by welding the wear

resistant layer onto base metal or surface layer for the purpose of extending the longevity of mechanical equipment. It is normally limited to two to three welding layers.

How to select the proper hardfacing ller metal :Welding ller metal is selected according to the following criteria :1.Base metal will affect the selection of ller metal for base (root ) layer, for example: a. Mn Steel: for equipment suffered severe impact condition. Use high Mn content filler

metal to restore the base metal to its original size. b. Carbon steel or low alloy steel: directly use low alloy hardfacing ller metal to restore its

size.

2. Abrasion types as following :a. severe abrasion:

Severe abrasion is often accompanied by high stress concentration and low impact level. The work could possibly involve rolling over rigid minerals or serving as surface blocking corrosive material. The usages typically are agricultural machinery equipment, metallic sieve, lter, pulpous material conveyor pump.

b. severe impact:Severe striking or pounding could cause the metal surface to crack, crush, or cratering. The usages typically are repair welding on coned mining crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.

c. metal to metal (friction or stick to) : Metal to metal spinning or sliding against each other. Usages such as roller, y wheel, razor, scissors, or bearing surface.

Hardfacing and Wear Resistant Use

Hardfacing General Review

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d. metal to sand (impact and abrasion) : The main cause of wearing is sand which has mild impact character. The wear comes from simultaneous movement of impact and wearing. Usages are excavator, agriculture or industrial equipment’s shovel teeth, cutter, etc.

e. wearing at elevated temperature:This type of wear is accompanied by high temperature during working. Examples are hot forging die, steel milling shop, hot press roller, heat exchanger blade, die tool, continuous casting guide roller, etc.

f. wearing under corrosion environment (ablation) : Chemical corrosion in usages such as chemistry lab apparatus and equipment. Actually many abrasions occur not just due to a singular cause, but possibly two or more simultaneously; thus, the selection of hard facing ller metal must use abrasion type as the main consideration in determining selection priority.

3.welding processThe main determinant of selecting welding process is based on the restoring

equipment’s measurement and quantity; welding position; available welding equipments; and the necessary frequency of hardfacing; with its common welding processes as the following : (1) SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) :

Using stick electrode requires minimum tools, least consideration of welding location and welding position.

(2) Semi Auto Welding :Using wire feeder, self shield or gas shield flux cored wire has comparable higher deposition ef ciency than SMAW.

(3) Automatic Welding :This requires more complicated welding equipment and pre-welding preparation, but due to its high deposition ef ciency, the productivity is greatly enhanced which can be acquired through the methods below :(A) Neutral ux pairs up with alloyed wire (also commonly known as composite wire). (B) Alloyed ux matches up with carbon steel wire. (C) Using partial self-shield ux cored wire, ux may be used or not depending on the

need.

4. The polarity illustration :DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity.DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity.

Welding consumables selection

Abrasion Type

Alloy TypeWeld Metal Microstruc-

tureProperties Application

severe im-pact

High Mn Steel

austenite structure

High impact toughness and superior work hardening ability. As welded condition application with no need to measure hardness, and no welding layers limitation.

13%Mn Steel, crusher hammer, impacter, rail coupling.

buffer layer and welding joint repair

low alloy content

bainite+

pearlite

Use as surface layer; serve as buttering of buffer layer; sometime it is used as nal hardfacing layer especially in good crack resistance weld metal or when good machining ability is called for.

gear, shovel roller, chain roller, clutch rod, guide roller and buttering for buffer layer.

metal to metal

abrasion(sticky

abrasion)

medium and low alloy content

small to large quantity of martensite

To be used for metal to metal friction or sliding (no lubrication). Holds medium to high hardness and high wear resistance.

bulldozer y wheel, conveyor connecting parts, shovel cutter edge, screw type conveyor.

metal to sand abrasion

(impact and wearing)

mediumalloy

contents (containing carbonate)

medium carbonate

content alloyed type

Good resistance for metal to sand impact and abra-sion. Contains suf cient carbonate, able to resist wearing at very low stress condition.

bulldozer cutter edge, shovel teeth, impact hammer, sand agitator blade, sieve, cement agitator , dredge cut-ter, agriculture shovel.

severe abrasion

carbonatelarge quantity

carbonate alloy

Good resistance for metal to sand stone or rock crush-ing or grinding; or use in severe metal surface wear condition. Normally used in environment with high press stress and medium to low impact characteristics.

sand blast nozzle, coal crusher, crushing roller, auger, conveyor screw rod, crusher parts, agricultural tools, shovel teeth, hot ash elbow.

metal to metal of heat fatigue resis-

tant abra-sion ( high

temperature or corrosion condition)

13% Cr series stain-

less steel

13% Cr martensite

Holds superior corrosion resistance and heat fatigue resistance characteristics.

heat exchanger n blade, die tool, turbine blade, heat resistant valve gate, chemical containers, equipment and continuous casting rollers.

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Products

Abrasion categoryHardnessHRC

SMAW Electrode

Flux Cored wireSAW (Submerged arc welding wire)

15

~

50

GH13MHARDMANG 1HARDMANG 3

MXW MANG 1MXW MANG 3

—

Rail coupler

15

~

39

GH300GH300RGH350R

MXW BU-OMXW BU-G

MXW K104-SBuffer layers before

hardfacing

35

~

54

GH450GH450RGH600

GH600R

MXW SUPER BU-G

MXW BB-GMXW 102-G

MXW K107-SMXW K105-SMXW K102-S

Crane wheel　Excavator

40

~

64

GH750GH900

GH900WHARD DHARD 31HARD 35GH800

MXW DMXW DD-GMXW 969-GMXW 969-OMXW M7-GMXW R117MXW R100MXW R101

MXW R100MXW R101

55

~

68

HARD 35GH800

GH900MnGH950Nb

GH950GH950CGHCW

MXW R100MXW R101

MXW R100DMXW R100SHD

MXW 62-OMXW 63-OMXW 65-OMXW 66-OMXW 70-O

MXW R100MXW R101

MXW R100DMXW R100SHD

MXW 62-OMXW 63-OMXW 65-OMXW 66-OMXW 70-O

35

~

55GH13Cr-4 GMX 410NiMo

MXW K410NiMo-SMXW K420-SMXW K423-S

Valve disk

To obtain the ideal hardfacing result and minimize cracking, carefully select the proper alloyed hardfacing ller metal and welding procedure is recommended; Pay attention to the following additional points :1. base metal preparation

Surface corrosive and impure material such as grease, dirt, etc. must be removed; otherwise blow holes will most likely to occur. In addition, when the base metal has cracked already, the weld metal will continue to suffer cracks as well; thus, the defects on the base metal must be removed before welding.2. Heat input and temperature controlIn order to lessen cracking occurring, consult the following guidance :

a. Pre-heat and inter pass temperature controlThis is one effective step to avoid cracking. The chart lists base metal’s carbon equivalent (Ceq) and the recommended preheat and inter pass temperature. During actual welding, the work’s size, thickness, ller metal and welding process should be taken into consideration.

Table 1 : base metal carbon equivalent and preheat & inter pass temperature reference value

Remark :1. Ceq % = C + Mn / 6 + Si / 2 4 + Cr / 5 + Mo / 4 + Ni / 15. 2. Post weld heat treatment is needed according to base metal alloy contents or carbon

equivalent. 3. The 300 series’ austenite stainless steel not included in the high alloy steel section.

b. Post heating after welding Recommending 300~350°C post heating immediately after welding and sustain 10-30 minutes to avoid cracking. Do not over heating or might cause hardness decline.

Steel Type Carbon Equivalentpre-heat and inter pass

temperature

Carbon Steel

≦0.3 >0.3 but ≦0.4 >0.4 but ≦0.5 >0.5 but ≦0.6 >0.6 but ≦0.7 >0.7 but ≦0.8

>0.8

≦100°C≧100°C≧150°C≧200°C≧250°C≧300°C≧350°C

Mn Steel (13%Mn)No need to pre-heat, but inter pass temperature must be controlled below 260°C.

Austenite Stainless SteelNo need to pre-heat, inter pass temperature is below 150°C.

High Alloy Steel(high Chromium Carbide)

Above 400°C.

Welding Notes

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Shovel teeth

Scraper cutter

Crusher wheel

Coal crusher wheel

D7

c. Post Weld Heat TreatmentPost weld heat treatment of 550~750°C can effectively avoid cracking, less deformation and improve weld metal characteristics. Make sure hardness criteria is reasonable prior to post weld heat treatment.

3. Buffer layer When base metal requires a layer of extreme hard high alloy content weld metal,

make sure to weld on a layer of lower alloy content buffer layer to avoid cracking.

4. PenetrationDuring hardfacing welding operation, the weld metal’s characteristics will be changed

according to the degree of penetration from ller and base metal’s mutual dilution. Usually the filler metal’s chemical composition differs from the base metal; to achieve ideal hardness and characteristics for the weld metal, use as often as possible multi-passes technique in order to avoid high penetration and high dilution.

5. Welding deformationTo decrease work piece’s deformation, use short bead, intermittent technique,

symmetric welding technique, or fasten the work piece into stationary position before welding.

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Hardfacing and Wear Resistant SMAW Electrodes

D9 D10

GH13M JIS Z 3251 DFMA-250B HARDMANG 3 —

HARDMANG 1 —

Typical hardness of weld metal

As Welded HRC After work hardening HRC

19 42


C Si Mn Cr

0.31 0.20 12.85 0.1


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230


As welded HRC After work hardening HRC

23 47


C Si Mn Cr

0.79 0.58 14.18 2.92


Diameter/ length

2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230


As welded HRC After work hardening HRC

21 46


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Cr Ni

0.32 0.43 16.24 16.99 0.01

1. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.

2. Use short arc technique to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss.

3. If weaving is needed, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times the core wire diameter.

4. Consult the individual product notes for baking and cleaning requirement.

Welding Notes (SMAW Electrodes)

Product Features:● Work hardening type covered

electrode for austenite manganese steel.

● High toughness weld metal.● High impact resistance subjected

to severe abrasion conditions.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of 13%

manganese steel ; repair welding of crusher hammer, pliers and buckets; Build up repair of heavy machinery rail couplers subjected to severe impact.


electrode for austenite manganese steel.

● High toughness weld metal to get fast hardening on high impact working condition.

● Suitable for buildup and repair welding of Mn steel.

● Welding of austenite Mn steel to Mn steel.

Applications:● Suitable for repair welding

of coned mining crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.


electrodes for austenite manganese steel.

● High toughness weld metal to get fast hardening on high impact work condition.

● Welding of Mn steel to carbon steels.


of coned mining crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.

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Welding Notes (SMAW Electrodes)

◎ Note: 1. 200~250°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep lower welding current to avoid overheating. 3. Peening immediately after each welding bead nished.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Inter pass temperature ≦ 260°C while multiple

passes welding to avoid crack, not necessary for preheat and post heat.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Inter pass temperature ≦ 260°C while multiple

passes welding to avoid crack, not necessary for preheat and post heat.

D11 D12

GH300 JIS Z 3251 DF2A-300B

GH300R JIS Z 3251 DF2A-300R


As welded HRC 950°C water quenching HRC

31 42.5


As welded HRC 950°C quenching HRC

31 42.5


Diameter/ length

2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.07 0.46 0.99 1.71 0.23


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230


90~120 120~170 —


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.13 0.60 1.25 1.10 0.03

GH350R JIS Z 3251 DF2A-350R

GH450 JIS Z 3251 DF2A-450B


As welded HRC layers

35.7 3


As welded HRC 600°CTempering HRC

46.6 36.5


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.11 0.37 0.86 2.37 0.63


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.27 0.88 1.09 2.36 0.22


Diameter/ length

2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230

Product Features:● Weld metal typical hardness

approximately HRC31.● High welding performance, low

spatter loss and good bead appearance.

● Good cutting workability.

Applications:● Suitable for repairing welding on

1st buffer layer of gear, shaft, bulldozer's roller/guide roller, rail and wheel, etc.





Applications:● Suitable for repairing welding on

1st buffer layer of gear, shaft, bulldozer's roller/guide roller, rail and wheel, etc.





Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair

welding of machinery; carbon steel, cast iron and hardenable alloy steel repair and fabrication welding.


approximately HRC47.● Martensite structure self-

hardening weld metal.● Good resistance to moderate

impact and abrasion conditions.

Applications:● Suitable for buildup, hardfacing

and repair welding of metal to metal abrasion worn out machine parts on quarry machine, bulldozer chain gear, shovel bucket, caterpillar band, shovels teeth, and cutters, etc.

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◎ Note: 1. 100~120C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Keep short arc length while welding.3.150C preheating temperature on base metal

before welding.

◎ Note: 1. 100~120C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep short arc length while welding.3.150C preheating temperature on base metal

before welding.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep short arc length while welding.3.Recommend to apply low hydrogen electrode

on buffer layer for high hardenability base metal or multiple passes welding.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep short arc length while welding.3.150C preheating temperature on base metal

before welding.

D13 D14

GH450R JIS Z 3251 DF2B-450R


As welded HRC Tempering 600°C HRC

47 36.3


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.35 0.26 0.62 3.50 0.52


Diameter/ length

2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230

GH600R JIS Z 3251 DF3B-600R



55.7 44.5


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.34 0.34 0.62 3.88 0.74


Diameter/ length

2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230

GH600 JIS Z 3251 DF3C-600B



55.6 44.5


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.74 0.89 1.24 5.17 0.02


approximately HRC47.● High welding performance, less


● Martensite structure weld metal to get good abrasion resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for buildup, hardfacing

and repair welding of metal to metal abrasion worn out machine p a r t s o n q u a r r y m a c h i n e , bulldozer chain gear, shovel bucket, caterpillar band, shovels teeth, and cutters, etc.

Product Features:● Ma r t ens i t e s t r uc tu re se l f -

hardening weld metal.● Weld metal typical hardness

approximately HRC55.

Applications:● Suitable for build up and repair

welding of high wear resistance a n d n o n e - p o s t m a c h i n i n g required worn out machine parts on quarry machine, shovels teeth, crusher, fork lift, dredge, stone agitator, pump blade, screw conveyer, etc.

Product Features:● Titanium oxide type covered

electrode, good for metal-to-metal abrasion resistance.

● High welding performance, less spatter loss and good bead appearance .

● Weld metal typical hardness approximately HRC55.

● Martensite structure weld metal to get good abrasion resistance.


welding of high wear resistance a n d n o n e - p o s t m a c h i n i n g required worn out machine parts on quarry machine, shovels teeth, crusher, fork lift, dredge, stone agitator, pump blade, screw conveyer, etc.

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◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Surface dirt such as grease or rust on groove

side or repair area to be completely removed before welding.

◎ Note: 1. 100~120C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep short arc length while welding.3. Recommend to apply low hydrogen electrode

on buffer layer for high hardenability base metal or multiple passes welding.

◎ Note: 1. 100~120C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Surface dirt such as grease or rust on groove

side or repair area to be completely removed before welding.

D15 D16

GH750 JIS Z3251 DF3C-700B



60.4 3


C Si Mn Cr Mo Others

0.74 1.53 1.08 5.15 0.03 ≦2.0


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230

HARD D —



60 3


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Cr Mo + Others

2.33 1.23 0.54 4.05 2.0

GH900 JIS Z 3251 DF5A-700B



61 2


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 90~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo W

0.90 0.80 0.45 0.03 4.85 7.81 1.99

GH900W —



60 2


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn W Cr Mo

0.65 0.46 0.58 8.86 7.60 2.56


approximately HRC60, less impact toughness than GH450.

● No t requ i red fo r pos t heat treatment.

● Easy slag removal and less spatter loss.


welding of none-post machining requi red worn out machine parts on quarry scraper shovel teeth, bulldozer and agricultural machinery, etc.

Product Features:● We ld meta l conta ins many

different alloy elements to get high hardness carbide structure.

● High hardness over all weld meta l sur face, less impact toughness than GH900W; No post heat treatment required, good wear and crack resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of high

speed steel tools and cutters.

Product Features:● We ld meta l conta ins many

different alloy elements such as Cr, W, Mo to get high hardness carbide structure.

● High hardness, good wear and impact resistance.

● Martensite structure weld metal.


welding of alloy steels, press dies.

● Repair welding of tool steels.

Product Features:● Less spatter loss, few slag and

high welding performance.● Suitable for all positions.● Chromium carbide and Chromium

boride contained in weld metal to get even hardness and good wear resistance at elevated high temperature condition.

Applications:● Suitable for metal-to-hard soil

abrasion worn out machine parts such as propeller blade and agitator blade.

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◎ Note: 1.300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Recommend preheat or post heat to reduce

residual stress for welding high hardness and brittleness Martensite base metal.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Recommend preheat or post heat to reduce

residual stress for welding high hardness and brittleness Martensite base metal.

◎ Note: 1. 200~250C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 2 layers. 3. Min. preheat 250C to reduce cooling rate for

avoiding crack.

◎ Note: 1. 100~160C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 3 layers.3.Typical stress crack occurred to prevent peeling

damage between base and weld metal.

D17 D18

HARD 31 —


Carbon steel HRC Manganese steel HRC layers

47 45.5 3


C Si Mn Cr Mo

2.40 0.60 0.60 27.3 1.3


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230

HARD 35 —

GH800 —



60 2


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Cr

3.40 1.00 0.30 32.0


Carbon steel HRC Manganese steel HRC layers

59 56 2


C Si Mn Cr

3.4 0.90 1.00 33

Product Features:● Covered electrode, chromium

carbide precipitation in austenite weld metal.

● Weld metal contains special alloy elements to get good corrosion and elevated high temperature abrasion resistance.

● Good bead appearance, very low friction coefcient in weld metal surface.

● Good for moderate impact and severe wear condition.


we ld ing o f ag i ta to r b lade , metallic sieve, shovels teeth and agricultural tools, etc.

Product Features:● Covered electrode, chromium

carbide precipitation in austenite weld metal.

● High welding performance and less spatter loss

● Good bead appearance, very low friction coefcient in weld metal surface.

● Good for moderate impact and severe wear condition.


welding of worn out machine parts subjected to heavy abrasion and moderate impact conditions such as impactor, screw rod, wheel wing parts , drill bit, bulldozer, agitator blade etc.

Product Features:● Carbon and chromium as major

elements.● Chromium carbides precipitation

in weld metal to get high hardness and good wear resistance.

Applications:● Su i tab le for machine par ts

subjected to heavy metal-to-soil abrasion and moderate impact conditions.

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◎ Note: 1. 250~300C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 3 layers.

◎ Note: 1.250~300C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2.Max. 2 layers.3.Good for welding on carbon steel, low alloy

steel and manganese steel base metal.4. Abrasion resistant temperature ≦500°C.

◎ Note: 1. 250~300°C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Max. 2 layers.3.Typical stress crack occurred to prevent peeling


D19 D20

GH900Mn JIS Z 3251 DFCrA



63 2


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Cr Mo Nb W V

5.6 0.9 1.13 23.8 5.8 5.5 2.0 1.2

GH950Nb —


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Cr Nb

5.7 1.1 0.90 25.0 7.0



63 2

GH950 —



60 2


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~180 180~230

GH950C —


C Si Mn Cr

4.50 1.20 1.20 31.0



61 2


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230


C Si Mn Cr Others

5.9 1.10 1.10 33.2 ≦2.0

Product Features:● Carbon and chromium as major

elements.● We ld meta l conta ins many

different alloy elements such as Nb,V,Mo,W to get high hardness carbide structure.

● Wear resistance at elevated high temperature ≦ 816°C.

● Good corrosion and oxidation resistance at elevated high temperature.


welding of blast spray nozzle and agitator blade.

Product Features:● Carbide precipitation type

covered electrode, C, Cr, Nb as major elements.


● Good for repai r weld ing of workpiece subjected to low stress and severe wear condition.


of wear resistant plates, coal crusher wheel, slag crusher axle tube and breaker, etc.

Product Features:● High chromium carbide

precipitation type covered electrode.

● High hardness and good wear resistance.


Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of

heavy metal-to-sand worn out machine parts.

Product Features:● High welding performance, less

spatter loss and low dilution ratio.● Large quanti ty of chromium

carbide contained in weld metal.● Wear resistance at elevated high

temperature ≦ 600°C.● Good for severe metal to sand

abrasion condition.● Good for impact wear and

corrosion resistance.

Applications:● Su i tab le for sur face repai r

welding of blast spray nozzle and agitator blade.

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uctio

n









D21 D22

GHCW —



65 2


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat/ position 100~140 140~180 180~230


C Si Mn W

4.1 1.85 0.6 42.0

GH13Cr-4 —


Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350

Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230



44 3


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.15 0.60 0.20 4.30 13.0 0.90

Product Features:● High Tungsten carbide

precipitation type covered electrode.

● High weld metal hardness to get very good wear resistance.

● High welding performance, less spatter loss and low dilution ratio.

Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of

heavy worn out machine parts such as shovel teeth, drill bit, scraper cutter and agitator screw blades, etc.

Product Features:● Weld metal contains

approximately 13%Cr and adequate Ni, Mo alloy elements.

● Good impact toughness and good heat, corrosion and crack resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for welding of heat

exchanger f in blades, dies, watermill blades and various caster guide roller, etc.

High

tem

pera

ture

fatig

ue a

nd co

rrosio

n re

sista

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rodu

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Intr

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Sev

ere

Abr

asio

n re

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damage between base and weld metal.4. Min.150C preheat on base metal before

welding.

◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 3 layers.3. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for

preheat and inter pass temperature control.

D24

1. Use DC Electrode Positive (DCEP, DC+, DC Reverse Polarity).

2. Suitable shielding gas and ow rate : see below

3. Recommended welding parameters (Self shield & gas shield ux cored wire)

4. Welding parameters and related characteristics :

5. Recommended welding parameters ( for SAW)

Welding Notes (Flux Cored Wire and SAW Composite Wire)

shielding gas type shielding gas ow rate L/min

CO2 or 5~20%CO2 + Ar 20~25

none —

wire diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.4mm 2.8mm

polarity DC+ DC+ DC+ DC+

welding current 150~250 175~350 200~400 230~450

welding voltage 24~30 26~32 30~35 32~38

wire extension15~25mm 15~25mm 25~40mm 25~45mm

gas shielded self shielded

Description

wire feed speed (current-Amp)↑increase

deposition rate↑penetration depth↑

heat input↑

welding voltage (V)↑increase

bead width↑surface atness↑

blow hole↑

Wire extension↑increase

fusion rate↑weld spatter↑

blow hole↑

wire diameter 2.8mm 3.2mm

polarity DC+ DC+

welding current (A) 280~350 320~400

welding voltage (V) 28~32 30~36

wire extension (mm) 20~35 25~40

ux neutral type ux neutral type ux

Note: Consult individual product notes for details.Hardfacing and Wear Resistant Flux Cored Wire

Flux

Cor

ed W

ire &

Sub

mer

ged

arc w

elding

wire

Weld

ing N

ote

s

D25 D26

MXW MANG 1 MXW MANG 3

Typical characteristics of weld metal

Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

machiningFlame Cutting

Welding layer

Hard facing stress crack


Yield StrengthN/mm2

Elongation%

Hardness HRC

As Welded

work hardening

normal high no goodNot

Available2 or

moreNon 844 562 32 20 52


C Si Mn Cr Ni

0.8 0.3 14.0 3.0 0.5

Size & recommended welding parameters


Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 170~230 250~300

Voltage 24~30 26~32

Wire extension 15~30mm 20~35mm

Shielding GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /

CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /

CO2 or Mixed Gas


C Si Mn Cr Ni

0.29 0.15 17.3 16.9 0.8


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

machiningFlame Cutting

Welding layer



Yield StrengthN/mm2

Elongation%

Hardness HRC

As Welded

work hardening

normal high no goodNot

Available2 or more

yes 834 565 40 20 53



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 170~230 250~300

Voltage 24~30 26~32


Shielding GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /


CO2 or Mixed Gas

— —

Product Features:● Work hardening type flux cored arc



● High toughness weld metal to get very fast hardening on high impact working condition.

Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of coned

mining crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.

Product Features:● Work hardening type f lux cored arc

welding wire, more Cr carbide content in austenite structure matrix than MANG1.


● High toughness weld metal to get very fast hardening on high impact condition.

Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of coned mining

crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.

Stro

ng im

pact

and

abr

asio

n re

sist

ant

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Stro

ng im

pact

and

abr

asio

n re

sist

ant

Pro

duct

s In

trod

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n

◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.

2. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.



D27 D28

MXW BU-G


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.10 0.50 1.20 1.2 0.30

MXW BU-O


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

Adhesive Abrasion

Resistance

Machining Ability

Welding layerHard facing stress crack

Hardness HRC

Poor Excellent Good Easy 2 or more Non 29.4


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.08 0.19 0.98 0.77 0.16



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 175~350

Voltage 22~26 24~28


Shield GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /


CO2 or Mixed Gas



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 175~350

Voltage 22~26 24~28


Shield Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

Adhesive Abrasion

Resistance

Machining Ability

Welding layerHard facing stress crack

Hardness HRC

Inferior Excellent Good Easy 2 or more Non 24

— —

Product Features:● Self or gas shield hardfacing flux cored

arc welding wire.● Good for impact and mild abrasion

resistances.● High welding performance, suitable for at position.

● Available for buffer layer.

Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of worn out

machine parts such as gear transmitter, shaft, pump, wheel shaft, coupler and rails, etc.

Product Features:● Gas shield hardfacing flux cored arc

welding wire.● Good for impact and mild abrasion

resistances.● High welding performance, suitable for all

positions.● Available for buffer layer.


machine parts such as gear transmitter, shaft, pump, wheel shaft, coupler and rails, etc.

Buf

fer

laye

r an

d w

eldi

ng r

epai

rsP

rodu

cts

Intr

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tion

Buf

fer

laye

r an

d w

eldi

ng r

epai

rsP

rodu

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Intr

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tion


2. All values listed on table obtained from CO2 gas shielded welding test.◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control

while multiple passes welding.2. All values listed on table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.

D29 D30

MXW K104-S


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance MachiningHard facing stress

crack Hardness HRC

Inferior ExcellentExcellent, available

for ame cuttingNon 24


C Si Mn Cr

0.08 0.60 1.8 1.1



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 280~350 320~400

Voltage 28~32 30~36


Flux Neutral Flux Neutral Flux

MXW SUPER BU-G


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

Adhesive Abrasion

ResistanceMachining Welding layer


Hardness HRC

Low Good Good Easy 2 or more Non 34


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.12 0.44 1.68 1.26 0.30



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 175~350

Voltage 22~26 24~28



— —

Product Features:● Submerged arc welding wire to combine

with neutral flux, low carbon, low alloy content martensite structure weld metal.

● Easy slag removal.● Available for overlay rst buffer layer.● Good for impact and elastic fatigue

resistance.● Good for repair welding of workpiece

subjected to low abrasion and high impact condition.

Applications:● Repair welding for buffer layer of fly

wheel (idler) and rollers.● Hardfacing repair welding of tract rails,

link, journal, chain link, etc.


welding wire.● Good for severe impact and mild abrasion

resistance.● High welding performance, suitable for all

positions. ● Available for workpiece subjected to high

compression stress.


machine parts such as gear transmitter, shaft, pump, wheel shaft, bulldozer, etc.

Met

al to

met

al a

bras

ion

resi

stan

tP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

Buf

fer

laye

r an

d w

eldi

ng r

epai

rsP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion


2. All values listed on table obtained from CO2 gas shielded welding test.

◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.

D31 D32

MXW BB-G


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.20 0.54 1.18 2.09 0.53



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 175~350

Voltage 22~26 24~28




Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

Adhesive Abrasion



Hardness HRC

Low Good Excellent Easy 3 Non 44

MXW 102-G


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

Machining Welding layerHard facing stress crack

Hardness HRC

Medium Good Medium 3 Non 52


C Si Mn Cr Mo W V

0.29 0.39 1.76 6.8 1.3 1.28 0.2



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 175~350

Voltage 22~26 24~28


Shield Gas 80%Ar + 20%CO2 80%Ar + 20%CO2

— —


welding wire.● Good for severe impact and mild abrasion

resistance.● High welding performance, suitable for all

positions. ● Available for workpiece subjected to high

compression stress.


machine parts such as gear transmitter, fly wheel, chain block, shaft, caterpillar band, bog bucket, chain link, shovel and cutting tools, etc.

Product Features:● Gas shield flux cored wire for repair

welding of hot work tool steel.● Good for high stress abrasion, heat fatigue

and sluggish abrasion resistance.

Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of worn

out machine parts subjected to high compression stress, high impact and moderate abrasion condition and repair welding of tool steel.

● Hardfacing repair welding on carbon and low alloy steel machine parts.

● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of tractors, overhead crane rollers, gears, crane y wheels and various rollers, etc.

Met

al to

met

al a

bras

ion

resi

stan

tP

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Intr

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tion

Met

al to

met

al a

bras

ion

resi

stan

tP

rodu

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Intr

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tion

◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.

2. All values listed on table obtained from CO2 gas shielded welding test.

D33 D34

MXW K102-S



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 280~350 320~400

Voltage 28~32 30~36




C Si Mn Cr Mo W V

0.3 1.2 1.2 6.8 1.2 1.2 0.2


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance


Hardness HRC

Medium Good Medium 3 Non 50

MXW K105-S


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance Welding layerHard facing stress

crackHardness HRC

Medium low Good 3 Non 45


C Si Mn Cr Mo V

0.20 0.7 2.6 2.8 0.6 0.2



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 280~350 320~400

Voltage 28~32 30~36



— —

Product Features:● Martensite type hardfacing submerged

arc welding wire for repair welding of alloy hot work tool steels.

● Combined with neutral ux.● Available for workpiece subjected to

high stress, high impact and moderate abrasion condition.

● Easy slag removal.

Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of

tractors, overhead crane rollers, gears, crane y wheels and various rollers, etc.

Product Features:● Low alloy elements contained submerged

arc welding wire.● Combined with neutral ux.● Available for workpiece subjected to

metal-to-metal abrasion.● Easy slag removal.


tractors, overhead crane rollers, gears, crane y wheels and various rollers, etc.

Met

al to

met

al a

bras

ion

resi

stan

tP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

Met

al to

met

al a

bras

ion

resi

stan

tP

rodu

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Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.

D35 D36

MXW K107-S



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 280~350 320~400

Voltage 28~32 30~36




C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.14 0.4 1.8 2.2 0.3


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance


Hardness HRC

Low Good Medium � Non 39

MXW DD-G


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

Adhesive Abrasion



Hardness HRC

Good Good Good Grind only 3 Non 57


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.56 0.56 1.42 5.6 0.25



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 175~350

Voltage 22~26 24~28


Shield Gas CO2 CO2

— —

Product Features:● Martensite structure type hardfacing

submerged arc welding wire for repair welding of alloy hot work tool steels.

● Easy slag removal.● Available for workpiece subjected to high

stress, high impact and mild abrasion condition.


worn out machine parts such as gears, cutter, dies, tools and various rollers, etc.

Product Features:● High welding performance for all positions.● Good for impact and abrasion resistance.● Available for workpiece subjected to

metal-to-metal or metal-to-soil abrasion.

Applications:● Suitable for pump axle sleeve, cement

agitator, scouring cutter, digging knife top parts and agitating auger blades and agricultural shovel, etc.

Met

al to

san

d ab

rasi

on r

esis

tant

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Met

al to

met

al a

bras

ion

resi

stan

tP

rodu

cts

Intr

oduc

tion

◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.


D37 D38

MXW 969-G


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.6 1.5 1.6 6.6 0.7




Ampere 100~200 150~250 175~350

Voltage 18~22 22~26 24~28

Wire extension 10~20mm 15~25mm 15~25mm

Shield Gas 80%Ar + 20%CO2 80%Ar + 20%CO2 80%Ar + 20%CO2


Abrasion Resistance


crackHardness HRC

Good Good 3 Non 55

MXW 969-O


C Si Mn Cr Mo

0.5 0.24 1.43 6.4 0.59


Abrasion Resistance


crackHardness HRC

Good Good 3 Non 56




Ampere 150~250 175~300 200~380

Voltage 22~30 24~32 30~35


Shield Gas No need No need No need

— —

Product Features:● Self-hardening martensite structure weld

metal.● Good for high stress abrasion, heat fatigue

and sluggish abrasion resistance.● Available for workpiece subjected to



agitator, scouring cutter, digging knife top parts and agitating auger blades and agricultural shovel, etc.

Product Features:● Self-hardening martensite structure weld

metal.● Self shield type hardfacing flux cored

wire.● Good for high stress abrasion, heat fatigue

and sluggish abrasion resistance.● Available for workpiece subjected to



agitator, scouring cutter, digging knife top parts and agitating auger blades, etc.

Met

al to

san

d ab

rasi

on r

esis

tant

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Met

al to

san

d ab

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on r

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tant

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n


D39 D40

MXW M7-G


C Si Mn Cr Mo V W

0.95 0.73 0.42 4.08 8.43 0.90 1.94


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

Adhesive Abrasion

ResistanceMachining Welding layer Hardness HRC

Good Good Excellent Grind only 3 62



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 175~350

Voltage 22~26 24~30


Shield Gas 80%Ar + 20%CO2 80%Ar + 20%CO2

MXW D


C Si Mn Cr Mo others

2.0 1.0 0.2 8.0 0.4 0.6




Ampere 100~200 150~250 175~350

Voltage 20~26 24~30 26~32


Shield GasSelf Shield /

CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield /


CO2 or Mixed Gas


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

Adhesive Abrasion

ResistanceWelding layer


Hardness HRC

Excellent Medium Grind Only 3 Yes 64

— —

Product Features:● Weld metal composition similar to high

speed tool steel.● High hardening tendency, good for

impact abrasion and high stress severe wear condition.


● Martensite structure weld metal contains many different kinds of micro carbide.

● Repair welding of workpiece subjected to high stress condition.


dies, cutters, scraper, drill parts, mill roller, extruding screw and agriculture tools, etc.

Product Features:● Self or gas shield type harfacing ux

cored arc welding wire.● Good for moderate impact and wear

resistance.● Available for workpiece subjected to

metal-to-metal or metal-to-soil abrasion.● High welding performance, available for

all positions.

Applications:● Petroleum industry: oil rig tools, tool

connectors and drill collars.● Agriculture industry: scrapers, plows,

hammers.● Coal mining industry: drill stems, collars

augers, hammer crushers, roll crusher, shovel buckets and shovel teeth, etc.

● ceramic industry: augers, feeder shoes, clay machine paddles and conveyor screw rod.

● Architecture: asphalt mixer, paddles, shovel buckets, shovel teeth and similar parts.

Met

al to

san

d ab

rasi

on r

esis

tant

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n

Met

al to

san

d ab

rasi

on r

esis

tant

Pro

duct

s In

trod

uctio

n




D41 D42

MXW R117


Abrasion Resistance Impact Resistance Welding layer Hardness HRC

Excellent Excellent 3 45



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 175~350

Voltage 24~30 26~32




CO2 or Mixed Gas


C Si Mn Cr Mo

2.3 1.2 1.4 9.6 1.2

MXW R100


C Si Mn Cr Mo

4.8 1.5 1.5 26.5 1.0


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

High Temperature

AbrasionMachining Welding layer


Hardness HRC

ExcellentLow to

Medium600°C Grind only 2 Yes 60




Ampere 200~350 230~380 300~450

Voltage 26~32 30~35 32~38




CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield

— —

Product Features:● Self or gas shield type hardfacing flux

cored arc welding wire.● Good for impact and abrasion resistance.● Small stress relieve crack on weld metal

surface.


machine parts such as coned crusher receivers, mantles, hammer crusher, cane knifes and crusher rollers, etc.


cored arc welding wire.● High carbon and chromium content in

weld metal.● Good for mild to moderate impact severe

abrasion resistance.● Wear resistance at elevated high

temperature ≦ 600°C.


coal crushers, crusher rollers, agricultural, shovel teeth, augers, hot ash elbows and ventilator screw impellers, etc.

Sev

ere

abra

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Met

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san

d ab

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Pro

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s In

trod

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n

◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead and vertical downward technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.

2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.3. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.



D43 D44

MXW R101


C Si Mn Cr Others

5.11 1.26 0.83 19.41 0.3


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

High Temperature

wearMachining Welding layer


Hardness HRC

ExcellentLow to

Medium600°C Grind only 2 Yes 61



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 175~350

Voltage 24~30 26~32




CO2 or Mixed Gas

MXW R100D


C Si Mn Cr Mo

5.5 0.64 0.85 27.3 0.04


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

High Temperature



Hardness HRC

Excellent Low 600°C Grind only 2 Yes 61




Ampere 150~250 175~350 300~450

Voltage 24~30 26~32 32~38





— —




abrasion resistance.● Wear resistance at elevated high



machine parts such as shove teeth, blades, split saw handle, scraper side cutters, cutters, shovel bucket insides and lips, agricultural tools, conveyor screw rods, augers and wood drills, etc.




abrasion resistance .● Wear resistance at elevated high



coal crushers, crusher rollers, agricultural tools, shovel teeth, augers, hot ash elbows and ventilator screw impellers, etc.

Sev

ere

abra

sion

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Sev

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◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.


D45 D46

MXW R100SHD


C Si Mn Cr

5.2 1.0 1.48 36.0


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance

High Temperature



Hardness HRC

Excellent Low 600°C Grind only 2 Yes 62


Diameter 2.8mm

Polarity DC+

Ampere 300~450

Voltage 32~38

Wire extension 25~45mm

Shield Gas Self Shield

MXW 62-O


C Si Mn Cr Mo V

5.5 1.0 1.8 23.0 1.2 3.5


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance


Machining Welding layer Hardness HRC

Excellent Low Yes Grind only 2 62




Ampere 150~250 175~350 300~450

Voltage 24~30 26~32 32~38





— —

Product Features:● Self shield type hardfacing ux cored arc

welding wire.● High carbon and chromium content in


abrasion resistance.● Wear res is tance at e levated h igh



coal crushers, crusher rollers, agricultural tools, shovel teeth, augers, hot ash elbow, fork lift and ventilator screw impellers, etc.


cored arc welding wire.● High carbon and chromium content in weld

metal. ● Wear resistance at elevated high

temperature ≦ 600°C.● Big volume of carbides spread evenly over

all weld metal to get very good abrasion resistance.


coal crushers, crusher rollers, agricultural tools, shovel teeth, augers, fork lift and ventilator screw impellers, etc.

Sev

ere

abra

sion

res

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rodu

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Intr

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Sev

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abra

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res

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◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.

2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.

D47 D48

MXW 63-O


C Si Mn Cr Mo Nb W V

5.2 0.55 0.93 19.22 5.20 5.2 2.0 1.10


Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance



Excellent Low Yes Grind only 2 64




Ampere 150~250 175~350 300~450

Voltage 24~30 26~32 32~38





MXW 65-O


C Si Mn Cr Nb

5.2 1.2 1.8 23.5 6.7




Ampere 150~250 175~350 300~450

Voltage 24~30 26~32 32~38






Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance



≦ 650C Low Yes Grind only 2 63

— —


cored arc welding wire.● Good for elevated high temperature

abrasion, low stress severe abrasion and corrosion resistance.

● Big volume of carbides spread evenly over all weld metal to get better abrasion resistance than 62-O.


Applications:● Steel industry: sinter claw breakers, sieve

rakes and hot ash elbows.● Cement industry: screw rod, coned

sintering rollers and high temperature furnace machine parts.

● Mining industry: mud delivery pipe, basket shovel teeth and excavator.


cored arc welding wire.● Big volume of carbides spread evenly

over all weld metal to get very good hardening effect.

● Good for elevated high temperature abrasion, low stress severe abrasion and good corrosion resistance.






Sev

ere

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Sev

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D49 D50

MXW 66-O


C Si Mn Cr V

5.5 1.0 1.5 21.0 10.2


Diameter 2.8mm

Polarity DC+

Ampere 300~450

Voltage 32~38




High Temperature Abrasion Resistance

Impact Resistance


Machining Welding layerHardness

HRC

≦ 600C Low Yes Grind only 2 63

MXW 70-O


High Temperature Abrasion Resistance

ImpactResistance


Welding layer Hardness HRC

≦ 600C Low Yes 2 65


C Si Mn Cr Nb V other

5.5 0.5 0.8 11.2 6.6 6.2 < 3.0


Diameter 2.8mm

Polarity DC+

Ampere 300~450

Voltage 32~38



— —


cored arc welding wire.● Chromium carbide and very high V

element contained to form a big volume of micro vanadium carbide in weld metal to get very good metal-to-hard soil abrasion resistance.

● Good for elevated high temperature abrasion, low stress severe abrasion and good corrosion resistance






Product Features:● Self shield type hardfacing ux cored arc

welding wire.● Big volume of carbides spread evenly over

all weld metal to get very good hardening effect.

● Good for elevated high temperature abrasion, low stress severe abrasion and good corrosion resistance.






Sev

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Sev

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D51 D52

GMX410NiMo


Abrasion Resistance

Thermal fatigue Resistance

Crack Resistance

Tensile StrengthN / mm2

Elongation%

Hardness HRC (As Welded)

Excellent Excellent Excellent 923 18 42

AWS A5.22 E410NiMoT1-1JIS Z 3323 TS410NiMo-FC1


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.04 0.40 0.50 4.4 11.8 0.6



Polarity DC+ DC+

Ampere 150~250 200~300

Voltage 22~28 24~30



MXW K410NiMo-S


Abrasion Resistance



Hardness HRC

Excellent GoodTungsten Carbide

tools available3 Non 43


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.04 0.5 1.0 4.1 12.5 0.55


Diameter 3.2mm

Polarity DC+

Ampere 320~400

Voltage 30~36


Flux Neutral Flux

—

Product Features:● Gas shield type hardfacing ux cored arc

welding wire.● Martensite structure weld metal.● Good crack resistance, high compressive

abrasion resistance and good thermal fatigue resistance.

Applications:● Hardfacing repair welding of caster guide

roller.● Build-up repair for various guide rollers.

Product Features:● Composite type hardfacing submerged

arc welding wire, martensitic structure weld metal.

● Combined with neutral ux.● Good for crack resistance and easy slag

removal.● Good thermal fatigue, corrosion and

abrasion resistance.

Applications:● Hardfacing repair welding of steel mill

roller, heat resistant valve seat and turbine blade.

High

tem

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High

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◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.

2. All values listed on the table obtained from CO2 shielding gas for welding test.

D53 D54

MXW K420-S


C Si Mn Cr

0.18 0.50 1.2 12.8


Abrasion Resistance



Hardness HRC

Good ExcellentTungsten Carbide tools can be used

3 Non 50


Diameter 3.2mm

Polarity DC+

Ampere 320~400

Voltage 30~36


Flux Neutral Flux

MXW K423-S


Abrasion Resistance



HardnessHRC

Good GoodTungsten Carbide tools can be used

3 Non 45


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.11 0.40 1.1 2.3 13.5 1.2


Diameter 3.2mm

Polarity DC+

Ampere 320~400

Voltage 30~36


Flux Neutral Flux

— —


arc welding wire, martensite structure weld metal.

● Combined with neutral ux.● Good thermal fatigue, corrosion and

abrasion resistance.


roller and y wheel.


arc welding wire, martensite structure weld metal.

● Combined with neutral ux.● Good thermal fatigue, corrosion and

abrasion resistance.● Adequate alloy elements contained in

weld metal to improve crack and abrasion resistance.


roller, heat resistant valve seat and turbine blade.

High

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E2

The categorization of Nickel and Nickel base alloy depends on the alloy’s main elemental contents of Ni, Cu, Cr, Fe and Mo. The most common ones are Ni, Ni-Cu, Ni-Mo, Ni-Cr-Fe, Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu, Ni-Fe-Cr, and other alloys. Pure Nickel contains very low amount of other alloys, which is categorized using 200 numeric series; Ni-Cu is Monel alloy which is categorized as 400 numeric series; among Ni-Cr-Fe alloy series, if Ni element is higher, then it is under 600 series’ Inconel alloy; if Fe is dominant, then it is of 800 series’ Incoloy alloy; as for Ni-Mo (Fe) and Ni-Cu-Mo (W, Cu), they belong to Hastelloy’ s alloy category.

Note: Our company’s main product is Nickel Base Alloy based; so except for the above material characteristic introduction, other instructions only use the phrase “Nickel base.”

There are three main differences when comparing Nickel Base Alloy welding with the common carbon steel welding as listed below :a. Welding area cleaning requirements :

The surface of High Nickel alloy when exposed to atmosphere will easily produce Nickel oxide lm. Commercial grade pure Nickel’s melting point is at 1446C, but Nickel Oxide’s melting point reaches 2090°C; and thus during welding it will not melt with the original non-oxidized metal, unlike carbon steel with Fe oxide. When welding high Nickel alloy, while the base metal has melted, this oxide is still in solid state, which results in subtle residue of slag inclusion in the weld metal internally. This condition causes severe impact to weld metal mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. Thus whether it is before welding or after welding, it is imperative to verify that base metal contains no existence of foreign impurities. In addition, the joint area must be cleaned of surface oxide, while heavier oxide lm must be removed using grinding, machining, or other methods.

b.Sticky and high surface tension force of metal dropsBecause of the sticky and high surface extension force of metal drops of Nickel Base

Alloy melting metal is inferior to carbon steel’s metal drops which have higher wetting effect; welder might have false impression that by raising welding current the metal pool’s wetting effect will be enhanced. Actually, using strong welding current will not improve the wetting effect, but instead will create more defects because the high heat will cause the melting pool’s deoxidizer to evaporate ; which will allow welding groove to form blow holes more easily.

c. Weld metal shallow penetration Nickel Base Alloy welding has poorer arc penetration force reaching sometimes only

half of welding of carbon steel, the groove of root face should be thinner.

Nickel Base Alloy


Nic

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Gen

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E3 E4

Welding Consumables Selection (Nickel base and dissimilar base metal)

Carbon steel & low alloy steel

Nickel base alloy

(Inconel) Ni-Cr- Mo alloy (600 series)

(Incoloy) Ni-Cr- Fe alloy (800 series)

Austenite series

G309, G309LG309MoL, GNC132,GTN82, GMN82

GNC132, GNC112GTN625, GMN625


Martensite series

G309, G309LGNC132GTN82, GMN82



Ferrite series

G309, G309LGNC132GTN82, GMN82



pure nickel

GNC132GTN82, GMN82



Monel Ni-Cu alloy

GNC132GTN82, GMN82

GNC132GTN625, GMN625

GNC132GTN82, GMN82

Incoloy Ni-Cr-Fe alloy

GNC132, GNC112GNC182, GTN82, GMN82

GNC132, GNC112GTN625, GMN625GTN82, GMN82

Inconel Ni- Cr-Mo alloy

GNC132, GNC112GTN625, GMN625GTN82, GMN82

Base metal B

Base metal A

Nickel base alloy Stainless Steel

(Monel) Ni- Cu alloy

Pure Nickel Ferrite seriesMartensite

series

Austenite series

GNC132 GNC132 G309, G309LGNC132

G309, G309LGNC132

Martensite series

GNC132 GNC132 G309

Ferrite series

GNC132 GNC132

pure nickel

GNC132

Base metal B

Base metal A

Nic

kel B

ase

Allo

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E6

1. The ller metal selection must match base metal’s chemical composition.

2. During welding, recommend low welding current in order to avoid covered flux burn. If the covered flux suffers serious burn, this will worsen the weld metal mechanical properties.

3. No preheat necessary and the inter-pass temperature ≦150°C.

4. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique. In addition, keep arc length as short as possible. When performing dissimilar metal welding, try to avoid as much as possible the over dilution from weld metal and base metal fusion.

5. In principle, use mainly at and horizontal welding positions, keep the covered electrode inclined angle approximately 20° perpendicular to welding line, so as to keep arc at the front of metal pool.

6. Nickel base alloy has inferior thermal conductivity, so high heat input during welding will create coarse grain. Ni-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo alloy should use lower welding current and string bead. If weaving is desired, its width should be limited to 3 times of core wire diameter. Proper ll up the crater at arc stopping area.

7. Nickel base alloy might easily get brittle with Pb or S and lead to hot crack. The surface of weldment base metal must be completely cleaned of all lth like grease, paint, dirt, etc.

8. The polarity illustration:DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity.DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity.

SMAW Electrodes

Welding Notes

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Not

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E7 E8

GNC 132 AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-1JIS Z 3224 DNiCrFe-1



Elongation%

655 41.2


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo Nb Fe Ti

0.06 0.42 3.15 71.7 15.3 0.12 2.60 6.45 0.09

Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)


Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150



C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo Nb Fe Ti

0.06 0.52 2.44 69.9 15.2 1.85 2.25 7.63 0.08



Elongation%

Impact Value(-196°C) J

605 42.5 62



Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150

Product Features:● Low hydrogen type nickel base covered

electrode for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Good bead appearance and crack

resistance.● Good heat and corrosion resistance.● Good low temperature impact toughness. ● Easy Slag removal.

Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel base

alloy. ● Welding of 9% Ni steel.● Welding overlay to carbon, stainless and

Ni steels.

Product Features:● Low hydrogen type nickel base electrode

for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Good bead appearance and crack

resistance.● Good heat and corrosion resistance. ● Good low temperature impact toughness.● Easy Slag removal.



Ni steels.

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◎ Note: 1. 300 ~ 350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Recommend short arc length and low current, electrode positive (DC+).3. Full cleaning before welding.4. Refer to Page E6 welding notes.


E9 E10




Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150


C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb Fe Ti

0.05 0.45 6.12 70.2 13.63 2.02 7.45 0.05



Elongation%


652 40 88

GNC 112 AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-3JIS Z 3224 DNiCrMo-3


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo Nb Fe

0.06 0.28 0.82 62.70 20.48 8.43 3.45 3.73



Elongation%


778 38 65



Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150


for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Good bead appearance and crack

resistance.● Good heat and corrosion resistance. ● Good low temperature impact toughness.● Easy Slag removal.



Ni steels.


for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Mo and Nb contains in weld metal to get

good heat and corrosion resistance. ● Good low temperature impact toughness.● Easy Slag removal.



Ni steels.

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◎ Note: 1.300 ~ 350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Recommend short arc length and low current, electrode positive (DC+).3. Full cleaning before welding.4. Refer to Page E6 welding notes.

E11

GNC 277 AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-5JIS Z 3224 DNiCrMo-5



Elongation%

745 38



Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150


C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo W Fe

0.06 0.30 0.44 59.23 15.85 15.45 3.45 5.20


for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Easy slag removal.● Mo and W contained in weld metal to

get good elevated high temperature hardening tendency and strength, acid corrosion resistance.


alloy. ● Welding overlay to carbon, low alloy

steel, stainless and Ni steels.

MIG．TIG Wire/Rod

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E13 E14

For GMAW (MIG) 1. Using pulse arc transfer mode (the preferred method) for welding, even if the welding

current is very low will allow stable arc. Welding polarity : DC+ mainly.

2. Spray arc transfer mode or pulse arc transfer mode requires Ar as shield gas while He is more tting for short circuit arc transfer mode. The proper shielding gas ow rate is 20~25L/min.

3. Ar-He mixing gas can be also applied to the welding of Nickel base alloy, with the He amount increase, the bead appearance is to get wider, atter and shallower penetration.

4. Short circuit arc transfer mode is recommended for Ni-Mo or Ni-Cr-Mo alloy; furthermore, adding about 1% O2 into He-Ar mixing gas can stabilize arc so as to get great weld metal soundness.


6. When applying pulse arc transfer mode, using the suggested lower limited welding current for speedy welding can avoid hot crack occurrence.

For GTAW (TIG)1. Use Ar, He, or Ar-He mixing gas as shielding gas.

2. Welding polarity: DC– (electrode negative); Shielding gas ow rate :10~15 L/min.

3. During one side welding, the backside must be purged by inert gas to prevent oxidization.


5. Proper adjust arc voltage to keep the arc length within 4~6 mm.

6. Use low welding current to prevent hot crack occurrence.

GTN82 GMN82 AWS A5.14 ERNiCr-3JIS Z 3334 YNiCr-3



Elongation%

680 39

Typical chemical composition of rod / wire (wt%)

C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb Fe Ti

0.03 0.18 3.2 Bal. 18.9 2.45 2.0 0.15

MIG wire size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)

Diameter 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6

Current Range 70~180 130~230 180~280

TIG rod size diameter / length (mm)

Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2

Length 1000 1000 1000 100

GTN625 GMN625 AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3JIS Z 3334 YNiCrMo-3


Tensile Strength

N/mm2

Elongation

％

680 39

Typical chemical composition of rod / wire (wt%)

C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb Mo Fe

0.05 0.20 0.25 64.8 21.5 3.75 9.10 0.35

MIG wire size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)

Diameter 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6

Current Range 70~180 100~230 180~280

TIG rod size diameter / length (mm)

Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2

Length 1000 1000 1000 1000

Product Features:● Good heat, corrosion resistance

and good mechanical properties of weld metal.

Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel

base alloy. ● Welding overlay to carbon, low

alloy steel, stainless and Ni steels.

Shielding gas:● Ar + 0.5~2.0%O2 (GMAW) ● 100% Ar (GTAW)

Product Features:● Mo,Nb element to get good heat

and corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties.

Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel

base alloy. ● welding of 9% Ni steel.● Welding overlay to carbon, low

alloy steel, stainless and Ni steels.

Shielding gas:● Ar + 0.5~2.0%O2 (GMAW) ● 100% Ar (GTAW)

Welding Notes

MIG

．TIG

Wir

e/R

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MIG

．TIG

Wir

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P

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◎ Note: Recommend pulse or spray arc ( low current) for RT examination purpose.

◎ Note: Recommend pulse or spray arc ( low current) for RT examination purpose.

F2

1. Any iron alloy containing Carbon content 2.5~4%, Si 0.5%~3.0%, Mn 0.3%~1.2%, P 0.1~0.6%, and S 0.02~0.12% is categorized as cast iron. Certain special applications or usages may require the addition of Cr, Cu, Ni, Mo, V, Ti and other elements.

2. Cast iron is separated into four major categories: Gray cast iron; Malleable cast iron; Nodular cast iron, and White cast iron depending mostly on its C and Si elemental contents.

3. If the metal’s C and Si content is low (C < 3.0%, Si < 2.0%), and is free of dissolute free graphite, it is categorized as White Cast Iron. If the elemental contents are higher than above description, it is then categorized as Gray Cast Iron (there are Ferrite type, Pearlitic type and mixing type depending on the different content in matrix structure). If add some Ca, Mg elements during the casting process, that will make graphite to form spheroidal structure of nodular cast iron, both toughness and ductility are better than gray cast iron, mechanical properties are equal to general mild steel. If the white cast iron prolonged heating at 850C ~ 930C temperature range, so that some micro-structure produce the graphite to form the black heart malleable cast iron. if the temperature up to 1000C and prolonged heating in the Fe-O (Ferric oxide) powder will become the white heart malleable cast iron, which mechanical property is better than gray cast iron.

4. The graphite in cast iron during the solidify process will suffer expansion phenomenon, which negates the contraction effect of metallic solidi cation; and thus, the higher the C and Si content, the less conspicuous is its expansion and contraction process.

5. Due to cast iron’s low melting point, it has the qualification of being easily mold into complex shapes; it is thus widely used industrially, although it suffers from poor weld-ability for the following reasons :a. Welding area may endure secondary hardening effect due to rapid cooling, which

worsens its machining and cutting ability. b. The welding process will produce large amount of CO2, and create blow hole due to

high carbon content.c. Poor ductility in conjunction with heat stress during welding process will produce

cracks in the fusion zone. d. The rich content of cementite will cause cracks if the welding process’s expansion and

contraction variance is too great. e. Both higher preheat temperature than normal and high welding skill are required.

Cast Iron


Cas

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Rev

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F3 F4

1. The defects on the welding surface of the casting or the repair welding area can be eliminated through the processes of machining, grinding, chipping and etc. Grease, lth, and other detrimental matter on the base metal can be cleaned using solvents; however, if the solvent permeate the base metal due to inclusion by capillary effect, increasing the temperature to 400°C will resolve this issue. If the grease is overwhelming and it infiltrates deeply in the surface of base metal, raising the temperature to 540°C will completely eliminate the grease.

2. V type groove angle : 60~80;U type groove angle : 20~25, root radius : 4.8~13mm (for heavy work use).

3. It is recommended to use the lower limit of suggested welding current according to the welding positions in order to achieve proper fusion with the base metal; furthermore, to obtain a smooth bead appearance, employing skilled welders is highly preferred.

4. Use string bead is mainly. If weaving is desired, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times the core wire diameter (the weld surface bead width is approximately 4 times of the core wire diameter). If weld groove is cavity type, the edge needs grinding in order to get wider groove face so that the repair surface can be smooth.

5. If the casting is heavy, in order to achieve even spread of welding heat, intermittent welding technique is recommended; in addition, keep the weldment in a constant lukewarm state during welding.

6. The hardness of HAZ is usually affected by base metal composition and cooling rate. An appropriate preheat can ease the hardening of HAZ. Dilution level might affect weld metal hardness which should be controlled by proper welding procedure and parameter, Normally, the dilution rate of single-pass welding is higher and leads to higher weld metal hardness.

7. When the weldment is the pressure part and there is big thickness difference between base metals to be jointed. Proper preheating will even the cooling and achieve better crack prevention.

8. Peening is appropriate when the weldment still remain at high temperature (about 540°C) after welding; however, it is inappropriate to apply at the root pass(es) and surface nishing pass(es).

9. Large weldment’s weld metal cracks easily. Apply stud planting method on the weld groove face before welding to prevent crack. The stud diameter should be about 6.4~16mm. The planted depth into the base metal groove face should be about the stud diameter and the protruding part above the weld groove face is about 4.8~6.4mm. The stud should occupy 25-35% of the weld sectional area.

ProductsSlag type

Preheat temp. °C

Wetting effect

Color matching between base &

weld metal

Joint weldability

Crackresistance

Weld metal & HAZ

machinability

Alloy content

Cost

GC100 Graphite 100~300 ○ △ ◎ ◎ ◎ Ni:99%very

expensive

GCI-1 Graphite 100~300 ○ △ ◎ ◎ ◎ Ni:99%very

expensive

GC55 Graphite 150~350 ○ △ ○ ○ ○ Ni:55% expensive

GCI-2 Graphite 150~350 ○ △ ○ ○ ○ Ni:55% expensive

GC0Low

hydrogen100~350 ◎ ○ ○ △ △

Low alloy Low

hydrogen Fe:Bal.

cheap

GCI-3 Graphite 350~400 ○ ◎ ○ △ △C:3.2% Fe:Bal.

cheap

Note: ◎Excellent，○Good，△Poor


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Welding Notes

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F6

GC100 AWS A5.15 ENi-CIJIS Z 3252 DFCNi

GC55 AWS A5.15 ENiFe-CIJIS Z 3252 DFCNiFe


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350

Flat position 60~90 90~130 110~160


C Si Mn Ni Fe

0.70 0.90 0.25 Bal. 4.0



HardnessHV

412 166


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350

Flat position 65~85 70~110 95~150


C Si Mn Ni

1.13 0.89 0.61 55


HardnessHV

180

Product Features:● Graphite type nickel base covered

electrode for cast iron welding repair.

● High welding performance and good arc stability in low current range.

● Lower hardness of weld metal to get good machinability, good toughness and crack resistance.


welding of various kinds of cast irons.

Product Features:● Graphite type nickel base covered

electrodes for cast iron welding and repair.

● High welding performance and good arc stability in low current range.

● All deposited metal contains approximately 55% Ni, 45%Fe.

● Expansion coefficient is similar to cast iron, easy to machining.

Applications:● Suitable for joint and repair


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SMAW Electrodes

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◎ Note: Refer to Page F4 Cast Iron Electrode welding

◎ Note: Refer to Page F4 Cast Iron Electrode welding note.

F7 F8

GC0 AWS A5.15 EStJIS Z 3252 DFCFe

GCI-1 AWS A5.15 ENi-CIJIS Z 3252 DFCNi


HardnessHV

250


C Si Mn P S

1.1 0.75 0.56 0.023 0.008


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~90 90~140 140~190 150~220


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350

Flat position 60~90 90~130 110~160


C Si Mn Ni Fe

0.70 0.81 0.75 Bal. 4.1


HardnessHV

166

GCI-2 AWS A5.15 ENiFe-CIJIS Z 3252 DFCNiFe

GCI-3 AWS A5.15 EStJIS Z 3252 DFCFe


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350

Flat position 65~85 70~110 95~150


C Si Mn Ni

1.13 1.25 0.45 52


HardnessHV

180


HardnessHV

250


C Si Mn P S

1.8 1.15 0.56 0.023 0.008

◎ Note: No specific all weld metal chemical composition on Est, above analysis data is for reference.


Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 60~90 90~140 140~190 150~220


electrode for cast iron welding and repair.

● Using GC100 or GC55 for first layer and GC0 for the others to save cost.

Applications:● Suitable for cast iron welding

and repair welding under high tempera tu re and non-pos t machining required condition.

Product Features:● Graphite type covered electrodes

for cast iron welding and repair.● High welding performance and

good arc stability in low current range.

● Better machinability property than similar level electrodes.



Product Features:● Graphite type covered electrodes

for cast iron welding and repair.● High welding performance and

good crack resistance.● All deposited metal contains

approximately 55% Ni, 45%Fe.

Applications:● Suitable for joint and repair


Product Features:● Low hydrogen Graphite type

covered electrode for cast iron welding and repair.

● Using GC100 or GC55 for first layer, GCI-3 for the others to save cost.

Applications:● Suitable for cast iron welding

and repair welding under high temperature and non-post machining required condition.

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◎ Note: Refer to Page F4 Cast Iron Electrode welding




◎ Note: No speci c all weld metal chemical composition on Est, above analysis data is for reference.

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F10

GGC —

GOUGING CARBON GOUGING CARBON

Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)[AC]

Diameter / Length

4.0/305 5.0/305 6.5/305 8.0/305

Flat position 150~250 200~300 200~350 300~450

Groove Width 6~8 7~9 9~11 10~12

Groove Depth 3~4 3~5 4~6 5~7

Metal removed

volume (g/cm)6 10 15 24

Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)[AC]

Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450

Flat position 150~180 230~280 280~330

Product Features:● High heat concentrated arc and

strong spraying gas produced between electrode rod and workpiece to get good groove appearance.

● Easy manuability by using ordinary power source and welding torch.

● No cementation occurred.

Applications:● Back gouging of rst side root

pass(es) when welding with double sided joint. To remove inside defects for welding repair. Suitable for cutting of cast iron, high carbon steel, stainless steel, high alloy steel and non metallic materials when those workpieces are dif cult cut by ordinary oxyacetylene cutting process.

Product Features:● High heat arc produced between

gouging carbon rod and workpiece to melt metal and blown off by high pressure air to get good gouging groove or cutting surface.

Applications:● Back gouging of rst side root

pass(es) when welding with double sided joint. To remove inside defects for welding repair. Suitable for cutting of cast iron, high carbon steel, stainless steel, high alloy steel and non metallic materials when those workpieces are dif cult cut by ordinary oxyacetylene cutting process.

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◎ Note: 1. Keep the angle between work and gouging electrode about at 10°.

2. The arc (produced by the tip of gouging electrode to touch the work groove) heat and melt the base metal.

3. The melting metal is blown out by gas produced from electrode to form a gouged groove.

4.Baking temperature range is 70~100°C for 30~60 minutes before use.

◎ Note: 1.Keep the angle between work and gouging rod about at 10°.

2.The arc (produced by the tip of gouging rod to touch the work groove) heat and melt the base metal.

3.The melting metal is blown out by pressurized air to form a gouged groove.

Gouging or groove preparation use

Gou

ging

or

groo

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repa

ratio

n us

e

G2

Reference

21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1016

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

AU

ST

EN

ITE

AU

ST

EN

ITE

PLU

S F

ER

RIT

E

FN0

24

56 8

10 12 1416

18

Creq = %Cr + %Mo + 1.5×%Si + 0.5×Nb

Nieq = %Ni + 30×%C + 30×%N + 0.5×%Mn

0%2%

4%5% 6% 7.

6% 9.2%

10.7

% 12.3

%

15.3

%13

.8%

DeLONG Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal

PRIO

R M

AGNE

TIC

PERC

ENT

FERR

ITE

A+M

DeL

ON

G D

iagr

amR

efer

ence

G3 G4

Conversions

100

95

90

8580

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

20

18 16 14 12 10

1820

2224

2628

30

Cre

q =

Cr +

Mo

+ 0.

7Nb

Nieq = Ni + 35C + 20N + 0.25Cu

WR

C-1

992

Dia

gram

for S

tain

less

Ste

el W

eld

Met

al

Note: The WRC-1992 Diagram is preferred for “300” series stainless steels and for duplex stainless alloys.

It may not be applicable to compositions having greater than 0.2 percent of Nitrogen and greater

than 10 percent of manganese.

A

AF

FA

Length

ft in mm m

1 12 304.8 0.30479

0.083330 1 25.4 0.025399

0.00328100 0.03937 1 0.001

Stress

Ksi（=1000psi） psi kgf / mm2 N / mm2 （=MPA）

1 1000 0.703070 6.89476

0.001000 1 0.000000 0.000000

1.42233 1422.33 1 9.80665

0.145038 145.038 0.101972 1

Mass 1kg=2.20462 lb

Force 1kgf=9.80665 N

Energy

ft-lbf kgf-m N-m（=Joule）

1 0.13825728 1.35582

7.23275 1 9.80665

0.73753 0.101972 1

Temperature ℉=32+9 / 5℃

℃ ℉

0 32

-5 23

-10 14

-20 -4

-40 -40

Con

vers

ions

Ref

eren

ce

WR

C-1

992

Dia

gram

Ref

eren

ce

Documents

theHANDBOOK Welding Consumables - EPCA … Consumables Selection ..... C5 SMAW Electrodes Welding Notes