The Work of Gregor Mendel

Chapter 11-1The Work of Gregor MendelSet up Cornell Notes11-1 The Work of Gregor MendelGregor MendelAustrian

live in the mid 1800s

Born to peasant farmers

Became a monk and lived in a monastery

Gregor MendelFather of Genetics

Experimented garden plants and small farm animals to understand genetics.

Known mostly for his experiments with pea plants

GeneticsScientific study of heredity The study of how parents pass down traits to their offspring

InheritanceThe passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Mendels ExperimentsMendel Cross Pollinated Pea Plants and Studied how their traits were passed from 1 generation to the next

Kept DETAILED records (Data)

Analyzed data and came up with conclusions that eventually were turned into the laws of genetics

Mendel and Hawkweed

TraitSpecific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

Traits Mendel looked at:

ShortMendel started with purebreds and all offspring came out looking like their parents.10What is Probability?Question: If I toss a penny 50 times, how many times will it land on heads?Hypothesis:

Data: Heads Tails

Totals: %Heads & %Tails

Conclusion:ProbabilityQuestion: If we add up all of the coin tosses in the class, what do you think the percentage of times did the pennies land heads?Hypothesis:

Data: Totals% heads tails

Conclusion: ProbabilityQuestion: If we add up all of the coin tosses in all of Ms. Haus classes, what do you think the percentage of times did the pennies land heads?Hypothesis:

Data: Totals% heads tails

Conclusion:

ProbabilityIts the likelihood that an event will happenIts Not ExactOne event does not affect the nextThe more times you repeat an event the more likely youll get closer to your predicted outcome.Purebred/ HomozygousGenetically pure for a particular trait. Both genes are the same for a trait.

ParentsOffspringTT = tall & tt = shortWhat do you think the outcome was?

Hybrid / HeterozygousHave two different forms of a gene

dogfoose.wordpress.comTt = TallGeneA segment on a chromosome consisting of a long sequence of nitrogen bases that code for a protein. (Proteins do the work in cells and determine traits)

AlleleDifferent form of a gene

ORORORExample: Gene for Plant height -Allele for Tall OR -Allele for ShortMendels Principle of DominanceStates that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

Dominant AlleleThe stronger form of a gene. Represented by the capital letter of the dominant trait. (T=tall)If present will be the trait that is expressed.

Recessive AlleleThe weaker form of a gene. Is represented with a lower case letter. (t=short)Recessive trait hides unless both genes are the recessive allele.

http://media.bigoo.ws/content/gif/cartoon/cartoon_212.gifGenetic Data CollectionThe first set of parents were called the P generation

The resulting offspring were called the F1 generation

The offspring of the F1 generation were called the F2 generation

P- generationF1- generationF2- generationGameteSex cells (Egg & Sperm)

FertilizationWhen male and female reproductive cells join Egg & Sperm Or Pollen & Egg

ZygoteFertilized Egg

Segregation

All living things contain 2 genes for every trait, one from their mother and one from their father

During production of sex cells the chromosomes separate so that each gamete have only 1 set of chromosomesCrossing 2 Hybrids: