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The Urinary System
Human Anatomy & PhysiologyMiss Tavitian
What is the Urinary System?
O Also known as the Renal System
O Renal : of or involving kidney(s)
O System that maintains appropriate fluid volume, electrolyte balance, pH of the blood
Main Players of the Urinary System
O Kidneys
O Ureters
O Bladder
O Urethra
Kidneys: Primary Organs of Excretion
-Each day filter 120-150 quarts of blood to produce 1-2 quarts of urine
-Prevent buildup of waste and extra fluid
-Keep electrolyte levels stable (Na+, K+, Phosphate)
Excretion vs. Defecation
Excretion DefecationO Metabolic waste
products once used in the body
O Metabolism: the sum of all chemical reactions taking place in living organism
O Releasing feces
O Products that make up feces were never used in the body
Kidney’s continued…-Produce hormones that help:
Regulate blood pressure [enzyme renin released when kidney blood supply low]
make red blood cells[Erythropoietin]
Keep bones strong [Calcitriol]
Hormones: Signaling Molecules
Exocrine System Endocrine System
O Hormones secreted by glands with ducts
O Ducts are passage ways for the signaling molecules to travel
O Hormones secreted by ductless glands
O Hormones travel through the blood to reach target tissue
With the kidney’s release of renin: eventually lead to body reabsorb Na+ which leads to
more fluid retention
As Area decreases, Pressure increases
Aldosterone from the Adrenal Cortex helps blood vessels constrict which helps increase blood pressure
As mentioned, Kidneys Excrete Metabolic Wastes
O liver breaks down Amino Acids Ammonia is released.
O Ammonia is too toxic for body, combines with CO2 to make Urea which then gets excreted in the urine
Kidney’s also excrete Creatine
O Muscles use ATP for Energy and as a result produce ADP
O Muscles constantly need ATP so will turn to Creatine Phosphate to go from ADP ATP
Kidney’s also excrete Uric Acid
O Uric Acid comes from body breaking down some nucleotides
O Can dissolve in blood
O Too much uric acid hyperuricemia
O Eventually crystals can form and lead to gout
Interesting fact
Birds release poop and pee at the same time
The white is the uric acid, brown is poop
Gout
Gout: foods to avoidO Foods to limit (very high in purines):O Organ meats, such as liver, kidneys,
sweetbreads, and brainsO Meats, including bacon, beef, pork, and lambO Game meatsO Any other meats in large amountsO Anchovies, sardines, herring, mackerel, and
scallopsO GravyO Beer
Parts of KidneyO Renal Cortex
outer edge
O Renal medulla middle portion
O Renal Pelvis basin where urine first enters
Blood with Waste enters through Renal ArteryClean blood exits and returns to heart through
Renal Vein
Functional Unit of Kidney= Nephron
O Each Kidney has 1 million Nephrons
