The transformation of media & broadcast video production to a

Professional Media NetworkJeff Goldberg, Technical Lead

PSOSPV-3112

• Introduction

• Broadcast production market transformation drivers

• Next generation IP video production infrastructure

• Conclusion

Agenda

Production Post

Production

MAM

Consumption

Contribution

News Gathering

Sport Events

Studio-to-Studio

Home

NetworkPost Production

Production

Data Center

Cable

IP

Telco (Wireline)

IP

Over The Air (DTT)

IP IP

Direct to Home (DTH)

IP

Wireless

CDN

OTT

Production Contribution Post

production

ConsumerSecondary

Distribution

Primary

Distribution/OTT

IP enabled distributionProfessional Media Networks

What do we mean by All-IP Production?

• Interconnecting live, professional-quality video over Ethernet inside the broadcast production facility

• Converging from SDI & Ethernet flows to just Ethernet

• Moving from SDI matrix switches to a scalable data center interconnect model using modern Ethernet switching

Video production (R)evolution

Tape based

15 years from Tape to

Files

Dedicated Infrastructure

Live Production

SDI - Proprietary

Non Linear Editing

IP Based

Media Based IP Ethernet Infrastructure

Live Production & Post Production

Standardisation

Ethernet commoditization

Ultra High Definition

Driving forces

Core use cases with overlapping requirements

Production /MasterControl

Contribution Network

Video Editing

File Transfer

RemoteProduction

Industry Challenges and Requirements

Video/ Audio End Point Sync and Lock with Micro-sec AccuracyPrecision Timing and Synchronization

Deterministic Low Latency and JitterDeterministic Quality of Service

Zero Packet LossReservation of network resources across redundant paths for zero congestion loss

Network SecurityProtect network operations from any malicious attacks

Unchanged Operator Workflow

Fast and Clean SwitchingSwitching streams with minimal delay and on frame boundary

System AvailabilitySame or better then SDI-based system

Putting the pieces together

Live Studio Production with SDI Technology

Video Switcher

Cameras and

Microphones

Graphic

Systems

Remote Playout

Playout

Video Switcher

Audio Mixer

Monitoring

Systems

Multiviewer

Video Router

Video Server

Relay and Clips

Control Systems with

Control Panel

Live Studio Production with IP Technology

Video Switcher

Cameras and

Microphones

Graphic

Systems

Remote Playout

Playout

Video Switcher

Audio Mixer

Monitoring

Systems

Multiviewer

Control Systems with

Control Panel

Video Server

Relay and Clips

IP Network

REST

Network Interface

Network Controller

Standard and Open API

• IP Network provides connectivity using complex routing decisions

• Applications best understand their traffic flows, the networking behaviour needs and connectivity requirements.

• Network Controller abstracts the network and routing complexity while providing control to the higher layers.

• Control System with Network Controller provide the policy control system

Network Controller

OF, Netconf/Yang,

REST/JSON

Application and Control System

REST,

RESTCONF

APIs

IP Network

Network

Controller

Layer 3

Deterministic

Network

Layer 3 - 10G

File WFFile WF

Video

WFs

GUI

REST

NETCONF

Video Display

PTP – Time Synchronization

NAB 2015 demo: Deterministic IP Networks• Layer 3 standards based

• Admission control and Policing

• Bandwidth Reservation

• Granular priorities

• Traffic shaping

• Deterministic Latency Cisco Open Daylight Controller

with bandwidth manager

Network Controller

Standardisation

• SMPTE’s Beyond the Digital Conversion: The Integration of Information Technology and Professional Media• https://www.smpte.org/standards/reports

• JT-NM RFT Gap Analysis Report• https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/groups/jtnm/GapAnalysisReport_231213.pdf

• JT-NM Phase 2 Interim Report• https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/groups/jtnm/JT-

NM%20Phase%202%20Interim%20Report%20for%20IBC.pdf

• Major technical challenges:• Transport of essence (audio and video) over IP

• Synchronization of audio/video endpoints

• Integration into control systems

Industry efforts to address all-IP Production

How do I generatea stable timing signal from an Ethernet port?

Source: an anonymous broadcast engineer

Smart Grid

Service Providers Industrial Solutions Financing and Trading

Media Science

Time & Sync markets

There are two “Things” to synchronise

Frequency Time

205-12#sh clock

*13:38:54.805 UTC Mon Apr 2

2014

There are two “Targets” to care ofAccuracy and Stability from Frequency standpoint

Reference Slower or faster

Δ = frequency offset

Faster Slower

Regularity = stability

R A N N

There are three “Targets” to care ofAccuracy and Precision from Time standpoint

R A

(1) Time reference can be

• Absolute (e.g. UTC)

• Relative

Mon Apr 2 2014

13:38:54.805 UTC(1)

Mon Apr 2 2014

13:38:54.815 +/- xxx UTC

But stability important too !

Relationship between Frequency and Time

R A

Mon Apr 2 2014

13:38:54.805 UTCMon Apr 2 2014

13:38:54.805 UTC

R

Mon Apr 2 2014

13:38:55.805 UTC

A

Mon Apr 2 2014

13:38:55.795 UTC

Slower

Assuming perfect synchronisation

Before next update

Goal of Synchronisation over Packet Networks

• Transfer and distribute frequencyand/or time reference(s) to distinct end systems • With synchronisation specifications

from one or multiple sources allowing high quality recovery.

R B

Packet

Network

Timing Network OrgansAn Analogy

Clock Servo

Node architecture

Local Reference

Network nodesNetwork links

Primary Reference(s)

Master clock(s)

Network type,

environment and

applicationStandard specifications

The TWTT Equation IssueTransfer mechanism with PTP message exchange

Timestamps known by slave

t1, t2, t3, t4

DelayMS

Offset = TS - TM

t1, t2, t3

t1, t2

DelaySM - Offset = t4 – t3

Offset + DelayMS = t2 – t1

Master time = TM Slave time = TS = TM + offset MASTER SLAVE

Delay_Resp

t1

t3

t4

t2

Sync

Delay_ReqDelaySM

t2 = t1 + Offset + DelayMS

t4 = t3 + DelaySM - Offset

TWTT : Two-Way Time Transfer

IEEE Std 1588-2008 Clocks

• IEEE 1588 defines clocks supporting the Precision Time Protocol (PTP).

• As network intermediate nodes, Boundary Clocks (BC) and Transparent Clocks (TC) aim correcting delay variations, in both directions (asymmetry).

Reference Clock

Recovered Clock

Ordinary Clock Leaf Slave

Ordinary Clock grandmaster

Transparent Clock

Boundary Clock

PTPPTP

PTP

Ethernet or IP?

AVB Building Blocks

AVB

802.1AS

Timing

802.1QatStream

Reservation Protocol

802.1QavForwarding and

Queuing for Time Sensitive Steams

Audio Video Bridging (AVB) - Details• 802.1BA: Overall AVB system

architecture• 2ms bounded latency through 7

switches

• 802.1Qav: Forwarding and queuing for Time-Sensitive Streams• AVB frames forwarded with precedence

over Best Effort traffic

• Credit-based traffic shaping of AVB traffic to smooth flows

• 802.1AS: IEEE 1588 (Precision Time Protocol) Profile• Layer 2 profile of IEEE 1588

• Synchronization to 1μs over 7 switch hops

• 802.1Qat: Stream Reservation Protocol

• End-to-End Registration/Reservation of time-sensitive streams

• IEEE 1722 “Layer 2 Protocol Working Group for Time-Sensitive Streams”

• 1722 defines Audio/Video Transport Protocol (AVTP)

• SDI mapped into AVTP Professional Video Format (APVF)

• APVF has frame count, line number, packet index in a line

How about IP?

Solving the SDI over IP issueStandards for uncompressed video over IP

Specification Year Description Notes

RFC 3497 2003 RTP Payload Format Comprehensive Header

Data video-aware

Pro-MPEG CoP #4 2004 Transmission of Studio

Streams over IP Networks

RFC3497 RTP mapping

w/exceptions

SMPTE ST 2022-6 2012 Transport of High Bit Rate

Media Signals over IP

Networks (HBRMT)

Video-aware Header

Data, but sparse

SMPTE ST 2059

• Focuses specifically on Time and Synchronisation requirements:

• ST 2059-1: SMPTE Epoch and signal alignment

• ST 2059-2: SMPTE IEEE 1588 profile

• Key points:

• Layer 3 PTP model

• IPv4 or IPv6 PTP messages

• Unicast only or mixed (unicast/multicast) PTP message model

• Network requirements currently unspecified

• Migrate thousands of “genlocked” devices on a TV station campus

• From dedicated RF distribution to IP based infrastructure

IEEE 1588 “SMPTE Broadcast profile”

IP based production model

• Combine transport & timing with additional standards for creating a full model:

• Leverage IEEE 1588 PTP hardware network capabilities where/when available

• Bandwidth reservation/control mechanism

• IP QoS mechanisms and capable hardware

• Keep in mind:

• “Tailored”: You get what you design & install

• Dependent on choice of network elements and end point performance

• System evolves with the sum of the components

AES 67: Audio applications of networks

• Series of Audio over IP standards in existence requiring interoperability

• Ravenna, Livewire, Q-LAN, Dante

• Includes timing (PTP profile), QoS and media streaming components

• Targeted latency (worst case 10ms, typically 1ms)

• Published in September 2013

• 1st interop workshop in October 2014

• Preparing standard update to fix language

• Supported by: Riedel, ALC NetworX, Wheatstone, Digigram, QSC, …

High performance streaming audio-over-IP interoperability

IBC 2014

• BBC R&D / Stagebox

• PTP endpoints

• Cisco

• HW PTP Boundary Clocks

• Tektronix / Semtech

• Hybrid SPG / PTP GrandMaster

• Trilogy

• IP Intercom

Joint Live IP Production demo

SMPTE ATC 2014

• PTP network with bandwidth contention: 4x 3G-SDI over 10GE

• Precision: 1000s ns (PTP unaware) vs. 10s ns (PTP aware)

• Understand the PTP requirements for your use case

PTP deployments in large networks

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

ns

s

S2_DEV03_DEV04_DEV05_4.log

Filtered Offset

-100

-50

0

50

100

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

ns

s

3 Cascaded BCs with 3 SDI Streams

Filtered Offset

• Moving from dedicated (SDI) infrastructure to Ethernet/IP platforms

• Content (essence) encapsulation via SMPTE ST 2022-6

• Requires tight Ethernet based timing capabilities

• Rely on IEEE 1588 enabled network infrastructure, especially for large scale deployments

• Understand timing requirements: per use case

• Enables new and simplified workflows

Summary of an all-IP Production

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