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The Technical Writing Process. Lecture-2 (14-02-2012). Prepared By: Syed Abrar Hussain Shah. An Overview Of the Process. The goal of the writing process is to generate a clear, effective document for an audience. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Technical Writing Process
Lecture-2(14-02-2012)
Prepared By:Syed Abrar Hussain Shah
An Overview Of the ProcessThe goal of the writing process is to
generate a clear, effective document for an audience.
Experienced writers achieve this goal by performing three types of activities:
Prewriting (Planning)Writing (Drafting)Post writing (Finishing)
Prewriting
Plan Determining
the Goals Audience Constraints Basic Facts Tentatively
Establish Outline format
and Tone
Draft Apply strategies
of style, organization and interest.
Apply strategies to help yourself brainstorm and tree.
Revise to help reader’s comprehension.
Finish Edit for
consistency and accuracy.
Understand your method of producing the report.
Don’t finish too soon.
Usual Forward PathPath Back to Help Yourself
Post-writing Writing
1- The Prewriting Stage
1- The Prewriting StageIn the prewriting stage the
writers discovers the dimensions of their topic.
In this stage writers use number of techniques to discover everything they need to know to write clearly.
They treat this stage carefully. Experienced writers ask and
clearly answer EIGHT important questions.
Eight Important Questions1. Who is my audience?2. What is my goal in this writing situation?3. What affect this situation?4. What are the basic facts?5. What is the expected final form of the
document?6. What is an effective outline?7. What format and visual aids should I
use?8. What tone should I use?
1- Who is my Audience?The AUDIENCE is the person or people
who will read your document. The more you clarify who they are, the better you can write to them. You should ask these questions about your audience:
1. Who will read this document?2. How much do they know about the
topic?3. Why do they need the document?4. What will they do with it or because of
it?
2- What is my goal in this situation?You actually have two goals: to
communicate a specific message and to achieve a specific purpose.
In other words, you ask and answer two questions:
1. What is my basic message?2. What is my purpose?
3- What Constraints Affect This Situation?
Constraints are physical and psychological factors that affect your ability to write document and your reader’s ability to read it.
By thinking about constraints, such as time and money, you achieve a clear picture of how you can produce the document.
Basic ConstraintsConstraints Writer’s Viewpoint Readers
Viewpoint
Time Time available to complete writing
Length of time to read before starting to act
Length How many pages to write?
How many pages to read?
Money Cost to produce the document.
Cost to purchase the document.
Physical Location
Place in which to write the document.
Place in which to read the document.
Production Method Easy to use. Easy to read.
4- What are the Basic Facts?
Determining the basic facts for your document is a key planning activity.
You must spend time collecting these facts by reading , interviewing or observing.
5- What is Expected Final Form?Many Technical Writing
documents require a particular final form.
If you know what is expected, you have a place to start.
Knowing what is expected to write makes document easier to write because you know which information to include and where to place it.
6- What is the Effective Outline?As you begin to think about
drafting, you should first construct a preliminary outline.
The intended outline is very common. It is an informal list of major and minor points you want to make.
You arrange your material into an order that will guide you as you write.
7- What Format and Visual Aids shall I Use?You need to decide how your
page will look.It is important to select a format
and choose visual aids that will help and not hinder your message.
The two basic format elements are margins and heads. (Headings)
8- What tone should I use?As you begin to draft, you must
consider the tone of your document.
Unfortunately, tone isn’t a very objective term. It means what the writing sound like?
Should it sound funny or serious?Should you give silly examples or
in joke form work?
2- Writing
In the writing stage you produce draft.
You already have done careful planning and produced an outline and now you start actual writing.
You try to put on paper the words that explain the ideas in your outline.
Theoretically, if you have planned thoroughly, all you need to do is flesh out the outline and describe the visual aids.
2- The Writing Stage Drafting and Revising
Checklist for DraftingConsider the following while
drafting:1. Follow your initial plan and
outline.2. Be aware that writing occur in
burst.3. Write a first draft in which you
express your main ideas.4. Be prepared to change your
outline if you discover a new way to present the material.
5. Develop a sense of: Style strategies – try to use the voice and
parallelism. Organization strategies – use a structure
that sets up each section. Reader-interest strategies – add
comparisons, examples, or brief narratives.6. If you are stuck, brainstorm or construct
trees.7. Write second and further draft, revising the
first. Revise sentences so they are clear to
reader. Revise paragraphs so they are clear. Reorganize sentences if needed. Rework for deductive order – definitions
and overviews first, details second.
Checklist for Drafting
3 – The Postwriting Stage: Finishing
In Postwriting, the last stage in the process, you craft the document into a product that effectively guides your reader through the topic.
This stage consists of two types of activities:
1. Editing2. Producing the document.
3 – The Postwriting Stage: Finishing
1 – Editing Editing means to develop a
consistent, accurate text.In this stage you change the
document until it is right.You check spelling, grammar,
punctuation, basic grammar, format of the page, and accuracy of fact.
When you edit, ask yourself:Is this Correct?Is this consistent?
2 – Producing the DocumentProducing a document has two
dimensions:a) The physical completion of
a document Andb) The psychological
completion of it.
a) Physical Completion
Physical completion means typing or printing the final document.
This dimension takes energy and time.
Failure to allow enough time for this stage and its problems will certainly cause frustration.
b) Psychological Completion Psychological completion means
to attend to your emotions as you near completion and to manage your time properly.
Poor writing is the result of “finishing too soon.”
If you permanently decide that you are finished, you probably will not listen to other readers’ suggestions.
Any Question
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