The Structural Theory of Organic Chemistry

7/30/2019 The Structural Theory of Organic Chemistry

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CARBON COMPOUNDS AND CHEMICAL BONDS

ENGLISH II

INTEGRANTES DE EQUIPO:

De Aquino Glvez Alexandra Ivette

De la Cruz Valencia Brenda Adriana

Domnguez Roque Kenia Eden

Hernndez Valdez Alhely

GRUPO: 201

CHILPANCINGO DE LOS BARVO, GRO; APRIL 24th 2013


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The structural theory is composed of two ideas: the atoms can form a

fixed number of links and a carbon atom can use multiple valences to

form bonds.

Keywords: Inorganic, organic, bond, structure Lewis.


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The compounds of carbon are central to life on this planet.Berzelius, in the early nineteenth century, suggested the existence of

two types of matter in nature, organic matter and inorganic matter. To

explain the differences between the two is admitted that organic matter

had a special composition and that its formation was due to a "vital

force" exclusive living and whose handling was not possible in thelaboratory. The crisis of this approach, called vitalism, took with the

rapid development of the chemistry of organic matter in the laboratory.

At present, because the old overcome Berzelius classification is called

organic chemistry the chemistry of the carbon derivatives include the

study of the compounds in which the element is an essential part,although many of them have no connection with living matter.


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"It showed that organic compounds are composed mainly of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen" (Antoine Lavoisier, 1784).

Between 1828 and 1850 a number of compounds that were clearly organic

were synthesized from source that were clearly inorganic. The firsh of these

syntheses was accomplished (Friedrich Wohler ,1828).

"I regard it as necessary and in the present state of chemical knowledge as

in many cases possible to explain the properties of chemical compounds bygoing back to the elements themselves which compose these compounds.

(August Von Kekul, 1858).

Promulgated a theory certain chemical bonds called "covalent bonds",

which are generated from non-metallic elements that have four or more

valence electrons, without reach eight.(Gilbert Lewis 1916).


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During the 1780s scientists began to distinguish

between organic compounds and inorganic

compounds.


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between 1828 and 1850 a

number of organic compounds

were synthesized from inorganicsources.


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Tetravalent Divalent Monovalent

cO

H

Cl

1. Atoms of the elements in the organic compounds can form a fixed number of

links.


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2. One carbon atom may use one or more of its valences to

form bonds with other atoms.

C C C C C C


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ISOMERS

C4H12O2 C4H12O2


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THE NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS OF AN ATOM CAN BE

OBTAINED FROM THE PERIODIC NUMBER OF THE ATOM, BECAUSE

IT IS EQUAL TO THE GROUP NUMBER OF THE ATOM.

Element Valencia

Electron Lewis

Structures


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HIDROGEN

OXIGEN

CHLORINE

CHLORIDE

SOME SHOWN HERE WITH YOUR SETTINGS ELECTRONIC

AND DEMONSTRATE ITS ELECTRON VALENCIA.


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OCTET RULE LINKED MET BY ATOMS.

LEWIS SYMBOLS STRUNTURE LEWIS

ATOMS ATOMS MEET THE

RULE IS LINKED BYTE

SEPARATELY

NOT COMPLY WITH

THE RULE OF BYTE

WATER

MOLECULE


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POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERESTING

(8) Most historians of science

date its origin to the arly part

of the nineteenth century, a

time in which erroneous belief

was dispelled.

(3) Despus de la sntesis de

Whler sobre la urea el

vitalismo desaparece

lentamente de los crculos

cientficos.

Este tema es muy

importante porque nos

menciona los principios

bsicos de la qumica

orgnica. Sabiendo que de

un compuesto inorgnico se

puede formar un compuesto

orgnico medianteevaporacin y que los

elementos qumicos pueden

presentar varios tipos de

enlaces y representarse por

diagramas de punto.

(9) Structural theory

concerning the observation

and understanding of the way

the atoms bond in molecules.

(7) When two different

molecules have the same

molecular formula are called

isomers.

(9) The number of valence

electrons of an atom can be

obtained from the periodic

table because it is equal to the

group if the structure is an ion,we add or subtract electrons to

give it the proper charge.

(5) The ability to write proper

Lewis structures is one of the

most important tools for

learning organic chemistry.

(8) Electronegativity measures

the ability of an atom to attract

electrons.

(6) Ionic compounds form only

when atoms of very different

electronegativities transfer

electrons to become ions.

Positive: 34 puntos

Negative: 21 puntos


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This topic discusses the structural theory organic chemistry was studied

by A. Kekul, A. Scott Couper and A. M. Butlerov although separately.

This theory talks about the numbers of links that can form a chemical

element in addition to the various compounds that can be formed with asingle formula.

Lewis structure in talks about the octet rule tells us that the tendency of

ions periodic system, it is completing his last energy levels with a total of

8 electrons so stabilizes


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In conclusion we serve structural theory to understand the union

between the atoms and electrons to form molecules.

In Lewis structure says that to stabilize the energy of the element

has to fulfill the octet rule that everyone should have 8 electrons


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Structural theory of organic chemistry. 2010.

http://rabfis15.uco.es/weiqo/Tutorial_weiqo/Hoja3P1.html

Consulta: jueves 18 de abril de 2013.

Teora estructuralhttp://minificciones.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/4-teorc3ada-estructural.pdf

Consulta: jueves 18 de abril de 2013.

Qumica de los compuestos del carbono.

http://www.fisicanet.com.ar/quimica/organica/ap01_carbono.php#.UXQ2ab

WSDqUCONSULTA: Domingo 21 de abril de 2013.

Solomon Graham . Organic chemistry. 7th edition.

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The Structural Theory of Organic Chemistry